WO2019184078A1 - 市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用 - Google Patents

市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184078A1
WO2019184078A1 PCT/CN2018/088826 CN2018088826W WO2019184078A1 WO 2019184078 A1 WO2019184078 A1 WO 2019184078A1 CN 2018088826 W CN2018088826 W CN 2018088826W WO 2019184078 A1 WO2019184078 A1 WO 2019184078A1
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Prior art keywords
sludge
fuel
additive
fueling method
peat
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PCT/CN2018/088826
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English (en)
French (fr)
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韩勇豪
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韩勇豪
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Publication of WO2019184078A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184078A1/zh

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and renewable energy, and particularly relates to a municipal sludge fueling method and application thereof.
  • sludge includes sewage sludge (ie municipal sludge), industrial sludge, pipe network sludge, feed water sludge and river and lake sediments.
  • Municipal sludge refers to the products of municipal sewage treatment plants after treatment of sewage, including primary sludge, excess sludge and sludge from some sedimentation;
  • industrial sludge refers to the products after industrial sewage treatment, due to industrial wastewater
  • the source is different and the nature is different, for example, the oil may be high;
  • the pipe network sludge refers to the sludge obtained by pipe dredging;
  • the water supply sludge refers to the sludge produced by the water plant; the river and lake sediment, such as the sediment excavated by the dredged river channel.
  • sludge anaerobic fermentation for sludge treatment, there are mainly the following methods: sludge anaerobic fermentation, sludge aerobic composting, sludge incineration power generation, sanitary landfill, rotary kiln drying, plate and frame secondary pressure filtration and curing agent stabilization.
  • sludge anaerobic has the disadvantages: large fermentation investment, high operating cost and serious safety problems; sludge needs to be preheated to consume a lot of heat energy; a large amount of biogas residue is generated and needs to be treated again; methane gas is difficult to be incorporated into municipal pipe network; north The area cannot be operated in winter; there are security risks and the land occupation is relatively large.
  • Sludge aerobic composting has disadvantages: sludge sludge is unstable, medium and heavy metals are difficult to stabilize, and can only be used as landscaping fertilizer; composting process produces a large amount of odor, polluting the surrounding environment; adding a large amount of straw and other conditioning agents, constantly Oxygen supply.
  • Sludge incineration power generation has shortcomings: large investment, serious corrosion to boilers, high maintenance cost; water content of 80%, low sludge heat value, incineration consumes a lot of energy, mixed with 1 ton of standard coal 70Kg, high operating cost of 300-400 yuan /t; has a great influence on tail gas emissions, and is prone to harmful gases such as dioxins; sanitary landfills have shortcomings: easy to pollute water sources and atmosphere; large area and potential safety hazards; current land resources for landfills in China are tight The sludge landfill channel will soon have no way out.
  • the present invention aims to provide a municipal sludge fueling method and an application thereof, by adding an additive in a by-product sludge of a sewage treatment plant, and then sequentially stirring, forming and drying, etc.
  • a new fuel product is obtained; its calorific value is between 4,200 and 5,000 kcal; and the pH of the burned ash is 7.9 to 8.5, and the heavy metal content is very small, which can be used as a land conditioner to achieve zero waste discharge.
  • the process is simple, the cost is low, the equipment has no speciality, and the benefit is high.
  • the invention provides a sludge fueling method, comprising the steps of: adjusting moisture of a sludge; adding an additive to the sludge adjusted by moisture, and then uniformly stirring; and pressing and mixing the mixture; and pressing forming After the product is dried, the fuel product is obtained.
  • the sludge used in the present invention refers to sludge obtained after sewage treatment, which is also called municipal sludge, and its water content is above 80%; the mixing and mixing process utilizes mechanical force and gravity, etc. Or two or more materials are uniformly mixed, and during the mixing process, the contact surface area of the material can be increased to promote the chemical reaction; and the physical structure can be accelerated.
  • the sludge is subjected to moisture regulation to adjust the water content of the sludge to 55% to 65%.
  • the mixture having a uniform agitation has a water content of 40% to 50%.
  • press forming is press forming using a pellet forming machine.
  • the drying is carried out using a dryer. It should be noted that the dried product after drying can be conveniently packaged, transported, stored and used.
  • the fuel product has a water content of from 20% to 25%.
  • the components of the additive comprise peat and/or peat.
  • the components of the additive further comprise one or more of loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphurite.
  • the present invention also protects a fuel product prepared by the above sludge fueling process.
  • the invention also protects the use of the above described sludge fueling process in the treatment of municipal sludge.
  • the present invention obtains a new fuel product by adding an additive to a by-product sludge of a sewage treatment plant, and then sequentially stirring, molding, and drying, and the fuel can be applied to a thermal power plant, a heating plant, a cement plant, and a farmer.
  • the units that require fossil energy, such as fishing and sideline industries, are used as substitutes or subsidized fuels.
  • the calorific value is between 4,200 and 5,000 kcal; moreover, the pH of the burned ash is 7.9 to 8.5, and the heavy metal content is very small. As a land amendment, zero waste is achieved;
  • test materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.
  • quantitative tests in the following examples three replicate experiments were set up, and the data were the mean or mean ⁇ standard deviation of three replicate experiments.
  • the invention provides a sludge fueling method, comprising the steps of:
  • an additive to the sludge having a moisture content of 55% to 65%, and then uniformly stirring it into a mixer to obtain a mixture having a water content of 40% to 50%; wherein the components of the additive include peat and/or peat, preferably It also includes one or more of loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphur.
  • the press-formed product is passed through a conveyor through a conveyor and dried to obtain a fuel product having a water content of 20% to 25%.
  • This embodiment provides a sludge fueling method, including the steps of:
  • an additive to the sludge having a moisture content of 60%, and then uniformly stirring it into a mixer to obtain a mixture having a water content of 45%; wherein the components of the additive include peat, peat, loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphur;
  • the press-formed product is passed through a conveyor through a conveyor and dried to obtain a fuel product having a water content of 20%.
  • This embodiment provides a sludge fueling method, including the steps of:
  • an additive to the sludge having a moisture content of 55%, and then uniformly stirring it into a mixer to obtain a mixture having a water content of 40%; wherein the components of the additive include peat, peat, loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphur;
  • the mixture having a water content of 40% is subjected to press molding using a pellet molding machine;
  • the press-formed product is passed through a conveyor through a conveyor and dried to obtain a fuel product having a water content of 20%.
  • This embodiment provides a sludge fueling method, including the steps of:
  • an additive to the sludge having a moisture content of 65%, and then uniformly stirring it into a mixer to obtain a mixture having a water content of 50%; wherein the components of the additive include peat, peat, loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphur;
  • the mixture having a water content of 50% is subjected to press molding using a pellet molding machine;
  • the press-formed product is passed through a conveyor through a conveyor and dried to obtain a fuel product having a water content of 25%.
  • the fuel products prepared in the first embodiment to the third embodiment of the present invention are compared with the existing fuel products (bituminous coal, fuel prepared by the existing RDF), and are specifically shown in Table 1.
  • the invention obtains a new fuel product by adding an additive in a by-product sludge of a sewage treatment plant, and then sequentially stirring, forming and drying, and the fuel can be applied to a thermal power plant, a heating plant, a cement plant, and agriculture and fisheries.
  • Sub-sectors and other units that require fossil energy are used as substitutes or subsidized fuels.
  • the calorific value is between 4,200 kcal and 5,000 kcal.
  • the pH of the burned micro-ash ash reaches 7.9 to 8.5, and the heavy metal content is very small.
  • the use of land amendments has achieved zero waste discharge.
  • the existing various methods for treating sludge have many shortcomings and the risk of secondary pollution, and have large investment, high operating cost, large power consumption, large floor space, incomplete treatment and disposal, and low output.
  • the sludge fueling method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost, no special equipment, low investment, simple operation, high output, no secondary pollution, and very Good solution to the environmental damage and impact of sludge treatment, and new models in new renewable energy will make a great contribution to regional environmental protection, but also to production enterprises and regional economic belts.
  • Great wealth a good solution for solving the dual problems of environment and energy.
  • the components of the additive used in the examples of the present invention include peat, peat, loess, peat, coal gangue and sulphur; the content ratio thereof is not particularly limited.
  • technical or scientific terms used herein shall be taken to mean the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art.
  • the relative steps, numerical expressions and numerical values of the components and steps set forth in the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In all of the examples shown and described herein, unless otherwise specified, any specific values are to be construed as illustrative only and not as a limitation, and thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

一种市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用，污泥燃料化方法包括步骤：将污泥进行水分调节；在经过水分调节的污泥中加入添加剂，然后搅拌均匀；将搅拌均匀后的混合物进行压制成型；将压制成型后的产品烘干，得到燃料产品。制得的燃料可应用于热电厂、供热厂、水泥厂及农、渔、副业等需要化石能源的单位作为替代或补助燃料使用，其热值在4200～5000大卡之间；而且，燃烧后的微量灰渣pH值达到7.9～8.5，重金属含量甚微，可作为土地改良剂使用，做到了废物零排放；并且工艺简单、成本低、设备无特殊性、投资少、产量高，没有二次污染。

Description

市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及环境保护与再生能源技术领域，具体涉及一种市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用。
背景技术
广义上讲，污泥包括污水污泥(即市政污泥)、工业污泥、管网污泥、给水污泥和河湖底泥等。市政污泥是指市政污水处理厂处理污水后的产物，包括初沉污泥、剩余污泥以及部分沉沙地的污泥等；工业污泥是指工业污水处理后的产物，因工业废水的来源不同而性质迥异，比如可能含油高等；管网污泥指管道清淤得到的污泥；给水污泥指自来水厂产生的污泥；河湖底泥，如疏浚河道挖出的底泥。随着我国城市化进程的加快，城市污水处理率逐年提高，城市污水处理厂的污泥产量也急剧增加，如处置不当的污泥进入环境后，直接会给水体和大气带来二次污染，一个城市污水处理厂、污泥处理就不能充分发挥它消除污染保护环境的作用，同时还将对生态环境和人类活动构成严重的威胁。
对于污泥的处理，目前主要有以下几种方法：污泥厌氧发酵、污泥好氧堆肥、污泥焚烧发电、卫生填埋、回转窑干化、板框二次压滤和固化剂稳定。其中，污泥厌氧存在缺点：发酵投资大，运营成本高、安全问题严重；污泥需预热耗费大量热能；产生大量沼渣，需再次处理；甲烷气体难以并入市政管网利用；北方地区冬季无法运行；存在安全隐患，占地比较大。污泥好氧堆肥存在缺点：污泥泥质不稳定，中重金属难以稳定化，只能用作园林绿化用肥；堆肥过程产生大量的臭气，污染周边环境；加入大量秸秆等调理剂，不断供氧。污泥焚烧发电存在缺点：投资大、对锅炉腐蚀严重，维护成本高；含水率80％污泥热值低，焚烧耗费大量能量，掺烧1吨多用标煤70Kg，运行成本高300～400 元/t；对尾气排放影响较大，易产生二噁英等有害气体；卫生填埋存在缺点：易污染水源、大气；占地面积大，存在安全隐患；目前我国用于填埋的土地资源紧张，污泥填埋渠道将很快没有出路。回转窑干化存在缺点：能耗大，运行成本高300元/吨以上；高温干化易产生臭气；干化过程粉尘控制要求严格，存在安全隐患。板框二次压滤存在缺点：含水率只能压到75～65％；加入大量药剂，增加污泥干基重量，运行成本较高180元/t；污泥再利用局限性增大。固化剂稳定存在缺点：添加大量石灰、铝基材料，污泥增量；污泥无法再次利用，只能填埋；运营成本较高130～150元/吨。因此，还需要开发新型的处理污泥的方法，以更好的合理充分利用资源。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明目的在于提供一种市政污泥燃料化方法及其应用，以通过在污水处理厂的副产品污泥里加入添加剂，然后依次进行搅拌、成型和烘干等，得到新的燃料产品；其热值在4200～5000大卡之间；而且，燃烧后的微量灰渣pH值达到7.9～8.5，重金属含量甚微，可作为土地改良剂使用，做到了废物零排放；工艺简单、成本低、设备无特殊性、效益高。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案为：
本发明提供了一种污泥燃料化方法，包括步骤：将污泥进行水分调节；在经过水分调节的污泥中加入添加剂，然后搅拌均匀；将搅拌均匀后的混合物进行压制成型；将压制成型后的产品烘干，得到燃料产品。需要说明的是，本发明采用的污泥，是指污水处理后得到的污泥，又称市政污泥，其含水量在80％以上；搅拌混合过程是利用机械力和重力等，将两种或两种以上物料均匀混合起来，在混合的过程中，还可以增加物料接触表面积，以促进化学反应；还能够加速物理结构的变化。
优选地，将污泥进行水分调节，是将污泥的含水量调节至55％～65％。
优选地，搅拌均匀后的混合物的含水量为40％～50％。
优选地，压制成型是采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型。
优选地，烘干是采用烘干机进行。需要说明的是，将压制成型后的产品烘干，可以方便包装、运输、储存和使用等。
优选地，燃料产品的含水量为20％～25％。
优选地，添加剂的组分包括草炭和/或泥炭。
优选地，添加剂的组分还包括黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石中的一种或多种。
本发明还保护采用上述污泥燃料化方法制备得到的燃料产品。
本发明还保护上述污泥燃料化方法在处理市政污泥中的应用。
本发明提供的技术方案，具有如下的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过在污水处理厂的副产品污泥里加入添加剂，然后依次进行搅拌、成型和烘干等，得到新的燃料产品，该燃料可应用于热电厂、供热厂、水泥厂及农、渔、副业等需要化石能源的单位作为替代或补助燃料使用，其热值在4200～5000大卡之间；而且，燃烧后的微量灰渣pH值达到7.9～8.5，重金属含量甚微，可作为土地改良剂使用，做到了废物零排放；
(2)现有的各种处理污泥的方法都存在着很多的缺点和二次污染的危险，而且，投资大、运营成本高、功耗大、占地面积大、处理处置不完全、产量低等问题，没有一种工艺可以完全、安全的处理污泥；本发明提供的污泥燃料化方法，工艺简单、成本低、设备无特殊性、投资少、操作简单、产量高，没有二次污染，很好的解决了污泥治理过程中对环境的破坏和影响，而且，在新的再生能源方面做出新的模式，将对区域的环境保护做出巨大的贡献，也对生产企业和区域经济带来巨大的财富；为解决环境和能源双重问题提出了良好的方案。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，因此只是作为示例，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料，如无特殊说明，均为自常规生化试剂商店购买得到的。以下实施例中的定量试验，均设置三次重复实验，数据为三次重复实验的平均值或平均值±标准差。
本发明提供一种污泥燃料化方法，包括步骤：
将污水处理后的污泥的水分含量调节至55％～65％；
在水分含量为55％～65％的污泥中加入添加剂，然后投入搅拌机里搅拌均匀，得到含水量为40％～50％的混合物；其中，添加剂的组分包括草炭和/或泥炭，优选地，还包括黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石中的一种或多种。
将含水量为40％～50％的混合物采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型；
将压制成型后的产品通过传送带经过烘干机，烘干得到含水量为20％～25％的燃料产品。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明提供的污泥燃料化方法作进一步说明。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种污泥燃料化方法，包括步骤：
将污水处理后的污泥的水分含量调节至60％；
在水分含量为60％的污泥中加入添加剂，然后投入搅拌机里搅拌均匀，得到含水量为45％的混合物；其中，添加剂的组分包括草炭、泥炭、黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石；
将含水量为45％的混合物采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型；
将压制成型后的产品通过传送带经过烘干机，烘干得到含水量为20％的燃料产品。
实施例二
本实施例提供一种污泥燃料化方法，包括步骤：
将污水处理后的污泥的水分含量调节至55％；
在水分含量为55％的污泥中加入添加剂，然后投入搅拌机里搅拌均匀，得到含水量为40％的混合物；其中，添加剂的组分包括草炭、泥炭、黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石；
将含水量为40％的混合物采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型；
将压制成型后的产品通过传送带经过烘干机，烘干得到含水量为20％的燃料产品。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种污泥燃料化方法，包括步骤：
将污水处理后的污泥的水分含量调节至65％；
在水分含量为65％的污泥中加入添加剂，然后投入搅拌机里搅拌均匀，得到含水量为50％的混合物；其中，添加剂的组分包括草炭、泥炭、黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石；
将含水量为50％的混合物采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型；
将压制成型后的产品通过传送带经过烘干机，烘干得到含水量为25％的燃料产品。
本发明实施例一至实施例三制备得到的燃料产品，和现有中的燃料产品(烟煤、现有RDF制备得到的燃料)的比较，具体如表1所示。
表1 燃料产品比较
Figure PCTCN2018088826-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018088826-appb-000002
本发明通过在污水处理厂的副产品污泥里加入添加剂，然后依次进行搅拌、成型和烘干等，得到新的燃料产品，该燃料可应用于热电厂、供热厂、水泥厂及农、渔、副业等需要化石能源的单位作为替代或补助燃料使用，其热值在4200大卡～5000大卡之间；而且，燃烧后的微量灰渣pH值达到7.9～8.5，重金属含量甚微，可作为土地改良剂使用，做到了废物零排放。现有的各种处理污泥的方法都存在着很多的缺点和二次污染的危险，而且，投资大、运营成本高、功耗大、占地面积大、处理处置不完全、产量低等问题，没有一种工艺可以完全、安全的处理污泥；本发明提供的污泥燃料化方法，工艺简单、成本低、设备无特殊性、投资少、操作简单、产量高，没有二次污染，很好的解决了污泥治理过程中对环境的破坏和影响，而且，在新的再生能源方面做出新的模式，将对区域的环境保护做出巨大的贡献，也对生产企业和区域经济带来巨大的财富；为解决环境和能源双重问题提出了良好的方案。
需要注意的是，本发明实施例采用的添加剂的组分包括草炭、泥炭、黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石；其含量比并无特别的限制。除非另有说明，本申请使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域技术人员所理解的通常意义。除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对步骤、数字表达式和数值并不限制本发明的范围。在这里示出和描述的所有示例中，除非另有规定，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制，因此，示例性实施例的其他示例可以具有不同的值。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确 具体的限定。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
    将污泥进行水分调节；
    在经过水分调节的污泥中加入添加剂，然后搅拌均匀；
    将搅拌均匀后的混合物进行压制成型；
    将压制成型后的产品烘干，得到燃料产品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述将污泥进行水分调节，是将污泥的含水量调节至55％～65％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述搅拌均匀后的混合物的含水量为40％～50％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述压制成型是采用颗粒成型机进行压制成型。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述烘干是采用烘干机进行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述燃料产品的含水量为20％～25％。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述添加剂的组分包括草炭和/或泥炭。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的污泥燃料化方法，其特征在于：
    所述添加剂的组分还包括黄土、泥炭、煤矸石和硫石中的一种或多种。
  9. 权利要求1-8任一项所述的污泥燃料化方法制备得到的燃料产品。
  10. 权利要求1-8任一项所述的污泥燃料化方法在处理市政污泥中的应用。
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