WO2019166538A1 - Plaque bipolaire pour des empilements de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Plaque bipolaire pour des empilements de piles à combustible Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019166538A1
WO2019166538A1 PCT/EP2019/054957 EP2019054957W WO2019166538A1 WO 2019166538 A1 WO2019166538 A1 WO 2019166538A1 EP 2019054957 W EP2019054957 W EP 2019054957W WO 2019166538 A1 WO2019166538 A1 WO 2019166538A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
distributor
fuel cell
cell stack
gas
bipolar plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/054957
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helerson Kemmer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2019166538A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019166538A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0256—Vias, i.e. connectors passing through the separator material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bipolar plates for the connection of
  • a fuel cell comprises an anode space in which a fuel is introduced, a cathode space in which an oxidant is introduced, and an electrolyte or a semi-permeable membrane as a separation between the anode space and the cathode space.
  • the fuel is oxidized at the anode to ions that pass through the electrolyte, or through the membrane, in the cathode space and react there with the oxidizing agent. In this case, electrons are released, which can flow via an external load from the anode to the cathode to close the circuit.
  • a single fuel cell only supplies voltages typically less than 1.5V. To achieve higher voltages, a variety of
  • a bipolar plate typically includes on one side an oxidant media distribution structure associated with the cathode space of a first fuel cell and on the other side a fuel media manifold structure associated with the anode space of a second fuel cell. It is important to minimize the electrical resistance in the transition from one fuel cell to the next as this resistance increases with the number of
  • This bipolar plate comprises at least a first distribution structure formed as a metallic tissue for a first operating medium of the fuel cell stack, a second formed as a metallic fabric distribution structure for a second operating medium of the fuel cell stack and a first gas-tight partition between the first distribution structure and the second distribution structure.
  • connecting elements which traverse the first gas-tight partition wall and are intertwined and / or soldered to both distributor structures.
  • the fuel cell stack therefore benefits from the controllable and reproducibly continuous porosity of a distributor structure formed from a fabric, without this being associated with an increase in the resistance during the transition from one fuel cell to the next.
  • Distributor structures are coupled by a material in the liquid state is introduced into the space between the distributor structures and then solidified.
  • the gas-tightness is then directly produced without the need for a separate sealing element. Also, it is not necessary to observe close manufacturing tolerances when assembling the distributor structures with the gas-tight partition.
  • connection element both part of the fabric of the first distribution structure and part of the fabric of the second distribution structure. This means that this connection element is woven into both fabrics. Since the contact resistance between the individual threads of the fabric is negligible within each tissue, the connecting element is then optimally coupled to both distributor structures.
  • the tissues of both distribution structures eventually merge into a single "two-story tissue" extended into the third dimension.
  • the position and density (frequency) of the connecting elements can then be advantageously selected so that the connecting elements not only provide optimum conductivity, but also stability and strength according to the truss principle.
  • Fuel cell stack is the first distribution structure then in
  • Anode space of a fuel cell, and the second distribution structure is located in the cathode compartment of an adjacent fuel cell.
  • the distributor structures may be provided with respective coatings adapted to the respective media in order to improve the durability of the metallic threads of the fabric.
  • Distributor structure for air as an oxidizing agent can be provided, for example, with a product during the operation of the fuel cell stack resulting product water (DI water) resistant coating.
  • DI water product water
  • the coating can already be applied to the metallic threads before they are interwoven into the respective distributor structures. This is much easier to manufacture than coating the distribution structures from the inside out. In particular, it is then ensured that the respective coating material does not displace the continuous pores in the distributor structures.
  • a third distribution structure formed as a metallic fabric and a second gas-tight partition wall between the second distribution structure and the third distribution structure are additionally provided. It is then further provided a plurality of further connecting elements which traverse the second gas-tight partition and are intertwined and / or soldered to the second and the third distributor structure, respectively.
  • the electrical and thermal connection between the second and the third distributor structure works completely analogously to the connection between the first and the second distributor structure. In this way, on the way from the first to the third distributor structure results in a particularly low total resistance compared to a structure in which a plurality of contact resistances is to be overcome in each case between a distributor structure and an adjacent gas-tight partition.
  • At least one of the further connecting elements is both part of the fabric of the second distributor structure and part of the fabric of the third distributor structure.
  • the "two-storey tissue” is therefore extended to a "three-storey tissue”.
  • the first distribution structure for distributing a fuel as the operating medium of the fuel cell stack the second distribution structure for distributing a coolant as the operating medium of the fuel cell stack and the third distribution structure for distributing an oxidizing agent as the operating medium of the fuel cell stack.
  • At least one of the distributor structures advantageously comprises threads made of steel and / or aluminum. These metals are comparatively inexpensive and at the same time well interleaved.
  • the connecting elements need not necessarily be made of the same metal as the threads which run only within one of the distributor structures. Only shared metals need to be compatible in terms of contact corrosion.
  • the first gas-tight partition, and / or the second gas-tight partition aluminum, a plastic and / or a resin.
  • Aluminum has the advantage here that it is particularly light and also has a comparatively low melting point. Furthermore, contact corrosion be ruled out if the adjacent to the gas-tight partition distribution structures also made of aluminum.
  • a plastic and a resin are even lighter than aluminum and even at temperatures even lower than aluminum liquid. Furthermore, irrespective of which metals the adjacent distributor structures consist of, no contact corrosion of these distributor structures is effected.
  • the plastic or the resin does not necessarily take place by cooling below a melting point.
  • the plastic or resin may be a mixture of two or more components that react with one another to effect solidification. It can also be used, for example, a plastic or a resin whose
  • Solidification is activated by irradiation with UV light.
  • the plastic, or the resin can then have a higher melting point, so that the
  • Fuel cell stack can be operated at higher temperatures.
  • the invention also relates to the previously described on a
  • finished fabric mats can be used as distributor structures and the connecting elements can be subsequently interwoven with these fabric mats.
  • each distributor structure metallic filaments are particularly advantageously interlaced, wherein some of the filaments are guided as connecting elements from one distributor structure into another distributor structure, or through all distributor structures. Then, on the one hand, the electrical and thermal resistance in the transition from one
  • the connecting elements then maximally contribute to the stability and strength of the bipolar plate.
  • a material which has a lower melting point than the metallic filaments. Then, the metallic threads are not thermally attacked on contact with the liquid material.
  • the metallic filaments may then be protected by a coating at least for the time to solidification of the material prior to melting. It is advantageous if the liquid material does not have to cool down too quickly.
  • the liquid material can then adapt to the connecting elements during cooling, in particular in the areas in which it is traversed by the connecting elements. There are then no paths along the connecting elements, along which the gas-tightness is weakened.
  • the distributor structures are connected by heat conduction with a heat sink, while they are in contact with the liquid material of the gas-tight partition, or partitions.
  • FIG. 1 Basic structure of a fuel cell stack 9
  • the fuel cell stack 9 comprises a large number of fuel cells connected in series, of which only two fuel cells 91 and 92 are shown here by way of example.
  • alternating bipolar plates 50 and membrane electrode assemblies 8 are stacked.
  • Each fuel cell 91, 92 comprises a first distributor structure 1 for a first operating medium 1a, which is provided by a first bipolar plate 50, a membrane electrode unit 8 and a second distributor structure 2 for a second operating medium 2a, that of the next bipolar Plate 50 is provided.
  • the first operating medium 1a may now be a fuel and the second operating medium 2a may be an oxidizing agent.
  • Each membrane electrode assembly 8 consists of catalyst layers 81 and 83, each of which also includes gas diffusion layers.
  • Catalyst layers 81 and 83 is the membrane 82nd
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the bipolar plate 50 in the extended embodiment, in which it can be flowed through by three operating media la, 2a and 3a.
  • the first operating medium 1a to be a fuel
  • the second operating medium 2a to be a coolant
  • the third operating medium 3a to be an oxidizing agent.
  • a separate distributor structure 1, 2, 3 is provided in each case.
  • the first distributor structure 1 is separated from the second distributor structure 2 by a first gas-tight partition 4.
  • the second distributor structure 2 is separated from the third distributor structure 3 by a second gas-tight partition 5.
  • Each distributor structure 1, 2, 3 is formed by a metallic fabric of a multiplicity of threads, only a few of which are shown schematically in FIG.
  • Some threads are initially part of the first distribution structure 1, but in their further course pass through the first gas-tight partition wall 4 and pass into the second distribution structure 2 in order to be intertwined there in the fabric with the remaining threads.
  • These threads are the connecting elements 6 between the first distributor structure 1 and the second distributor structure 2. In FIG. 2, only one such connecting element 6 is shown for the sake of clarity.
  • connection elements 7 between the second distribution structure 2 and the third distribution structure 3. In FIG. 2, only one such connection element 7 is shown for the sake of clarity.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the production method 100.
  • metallic threads are interwoven as connecting elements 6, 7 with respectively adjacent distributor structures 1 and 2, or 2 and 3, respectively.
  • these connecting elements 6, 7, in particular according to block 112 first intertwined in the fabric in a distributor structure 1, 2 and then guided into another distributor structure 2, 3.
  • the configuration of the threads shown in Figure 2 has arisen.
  • the material of the gas-tight partition wall 4, 5 is introduced in the liquid state of matter into intermediate spaces between adjacent distributor structures 1 and 2, and 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the material is subsequently solidified.
  • such a ratio between the pore size in the distributor structures 1, 2, 3 on the one hand and the viscosity and / or surface tension of the liquid material on the other hand can be selected such that the liquid material does not penetrate into the pores of the distributor structures 1, 2 , 3 penetrates.
  • a material may be chosen which has a lower melting point than the metallic filaments in the distributor structures 1, 2, 3.
  • a material may be chosen that has an equal or higher melting point than the metallic filaments, wherein, according to block 124, the metallic filaments are protected by a coating at least for the time until solidification 130 of the material before melting.
  • the distributor structures 1, 2, 3 can also according to block 125 by
  • Heat conduction are connected to a heat sink, while they are in contact with the liquid material of a gas-tight partition wall 4, 5.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire (50) pour un empilement de piles à combustible (9). La plaque bipolaire comprend au moins une première structure de distribution (1) réalisée sous la forme d'un tissu métallique pour un premier fluide fonctionnel (1a) de l'empilement de piles à combustible (9), une deuxième structure de distribution (2), réalisée sous la forme d'un tissu métallique, pour un deuxième fluide fonctionnel (2a) de l'empilement de piles à combustible (9), ainsi qu'une première cloison de séparation (4) étanche aux gaz entre la première structure de distribution (1) et la deuxième structure de distribution (2). L'invention prévoit une multitude d'éléments de liaison (6), qui traversent la première cloison de séparation (4) étanche aux gaz et sont respectivement assemblés par entrelacement et/ou brasage aux deux structures de distribution (1, 2). L'invention concerne un procédé (100) servant à fabriquer une plaque bipolaire (50) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8. Des fils métalliques faisant office d'éléments de liaison (6, 7) sont assemblés (110) par entrelacement à différentes structures de distribution (1, 2 ; 2, 3), réalisées respectivement sous la forme de tissus métalliques, pour des fluides fonctionnels (1a, 2a, 3a) de l'empilement de piles à combustible (9).
PCT/EP2019/054957 2018-03-02 2019-02-28 Plaque bipolaire pour des empilements de piles à combustible WO2019166538A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018203132.0A DE102018203132A1 (de) 2018-03-02 2018-03-02 Bipolare Platte für Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE102018203132.0 2018-03-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019166538A1 true WO2019166538A1 (fr) 2019-09-06

Family

ID=65686827

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/054957 WO2019166538A1 (fr) 2018-03-02 2019-02-28 Plaque bipolaire pour des empilements de piles à combustible

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102018203132A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019166538A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019207702A1 (de) * 2019-05-27 2020-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bipolarplatte

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010006745A1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2001-07-05 Sorapec Bipolar collector for fuel cell
US20030232234A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-18 Cisar Alan J. Electrochemical cell and bipolar assembly for an electrochemical cell
WO2007003759A1 (fr) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles S.A. Procede de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire pour pile a combustible et plaque bipolaire obtenue
DE102016213057A1 (de) 2016-07-18 2018-01-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzelle

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6811918B2 (en) * 2001-11-20 2004-11-02 General Motors Corporation Low contact resistance PEM fuel cell
DE102007042985A1 (de) * 2007-09-10 2009-03-12 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Bipolarplatte für einen PEM-Elektrolyseur
DE102014209049A1 (de) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Bipolarplatte und Schichtstruktur mit einer Bipolarplatte

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20010006745A1 (en) * 1998-07-21 2001-07-05 Sorapec Bipolar collector for fuel cell
US20030232234A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2003-12-18 Cisar Alan J. Electrochemical cell and bipolar assembly for an electrochemical cell
WO2007003759A1 (fr) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-11 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles S.A. Procede de fabrication d'une plaque bipolaire pour pile a combustible et plaque bipolaire obtenue
DE102016213057A1 (de) 2016-07-18 2018-01-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzelle

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Publication number Publication date
DE102018203132A1 (de) 2019-09-05

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