EP3329536A1 - Plaque bipolaire et unité électrodes-membrane pour une cellule de combustible disposée dans un empilement de cellules de combustible, cellule de combustible et empilement de cellules de combustible - Google Patents

Plaque bipolaire et unité électrodes-membrane pour une cellule de combustible disposée dans un empilement de cellules de combustible, cellule de combustible et empilement de cellules de combustible

Info

Publication number
EP3329536A1
EP3329536A1 EP16742281.5A EP16742281A EP3329536A1 EP 3329536 A1 EP3329536 A1 EP 3329536A1 EP 16742281 A EP16742281 A EP 16742281A EP 3329536 A1 EP3329536 A1 EP 3329536A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
channels
membrane
cathode
bipolar plate
fuel cell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16742281.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Martin ZILLICH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG, Volkswagen AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP3329536A1 publication Critical patent/EP3329536A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprising a profiled anode plate and a profiled cathode plate, each having an active area and two manifold areas for supply and discharge of operating media to or from the active area, wherein the manifold areas each have an anode gas main port for supply and discharge of fuel, a cathode gas main port for supply and removal of oxidant, which is arranged such that extending therefrom from this cathode channels at least over the distribution region of the bipolar plate straight and a
  • the manifold portions have a coolant main port for supplying and discharging coolant, the plates being formed and stacked on each other such that the bipolar plate has channels for the operating media connecting the main equipment ports of both manifold portions and wherein the manifold portions have a first intersecting portion in which Cathode channels and anode channels do not overlap each other fluidly, and have a second overlap portion, in the anode channels and coolant channels do not overlap each other fluidly connecting.
  • the invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly having a quadrangular shape and a fuel cell comprising the bipolar plate and the membrane-electrode assembly.
  • Fuel cells use the chemical transformation of a fuel with oxygen to water to generate electrical energy.
  • fuel cells contain as core component the so-called membrane electrode assembly (MEA for membrane electrode assembly), which is a composite of a proton-conducting membrane and in each case one on both sides of the membrane arranged electrode (anode and cathode).
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • the fuel in particular hydrogen H 2 or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture
  • the anode where an electrochemical oxidation takes place with release of electrons (H 2 -> 2 H + + 2 e " )
  • an electrochemical oxidation takes place with release of electrons (H 2 -> 2 H + + 2 e " )
  • the electrons provided at the anode are fed via an electrical line to the cathode.
  • the cathode is supplied with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture, so that a reduction of the oxygen taking place of the electrons takes place (V2 0 2 + 2 e -> 0 2 ⁇ ).
  • Rate limiting member of the fuel cell reaction is.
  • the fuel cell is formed by a plurality of stack (stack) arranged membrane electrode assemblies whose electrical power is added. Between two membrane-electrode units of a fuel cell stack, a bipolar plate is arranged in each case, on the one hand channels for supplying the process gases to the anode
  • Bipolar plates also consist of an electrically conductive material to produce the electrical connection. They thus have the threefold function of the process gas supply to the membrane-electrode units, the cooling and the electrical connection.
  • Bipolar plates are known in different designs. Fundamental goals in the design of bipolar plates are the weight reduction, the reduction in space and the increase in power density. These criteria are particularly important for the mobile use of fuel cells, for example for the electromotive traction of vehicles.
  • Fuel cell stack on one side of the anode and on the other side of the cathode The adjacent MEA facing and serve their supply of air / oxygen or fuel / hydrogen.
  • the bipolar plate shown in WO 03/050905 A2 has a continuous side on one side
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a fuel cell, which is characterized by a compact shape and increased power density.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprising a profiled anode plate and a profiled cathode plate, each having an active area and two manifold areas for supply and discharge of operating media to and from the active area, wherein the manifold areas each have a Anodengashauptport to Supply and discharge of fuel, a cathode gas main port for supply and removal of oxidant, as well as a coolant main port to supply and
  • the cathode gas main port is arranged in such a way that, starting from this, cathode channels extend in a straight line at least over the distributor region of the bipolar plate and have a flow direction which is one
  • Main flow direction of the cathode channels in the active area corresponds.
  • the plates are formed and stacked on each other such that the bipolar plate has channels for the operating media connecting the main body ports of both manifold regions, the manifold regions having a first intersecting portion in which cathode channels and anode channels do not intersect fluidly and have a second intersecting portion the anode channels and
  • Coolant channels do not overlap each other fluidly. According to the invention, it is provided that the main coolant port and the anode gas main port are arranged adjacent to one another, adjacent to the cathode gas main port and out of alignment with the active region.
  • the advantage of the bipolar plate according to the invention is in particular in an elevated
  • the bipolar plate according to the invention has a very compact shape.
  • the bipolar plate according to the invention preferably has a double-L shape and thus only one leg per distribution region.
  • Distributor area can also be reduced due to the arrangement of the main ports.
  • a fuel cell with a bipolar plate according to the invention can generate the same fuel cell performance with a smaller cell area as a fuel cell with a bipolar plate according to the prior art.
  • Fuel cell stack resulting channels for the management of operating media are provided.
  • Channels are understood as meaning open (ie channel-shaped) and / or closed (ie tubular) fluid connections for transporting the equipment. They can be designed as discrete channels and / or as a flow field or flow field which allows a transverse flow.
  • Anodenkanäle preferably arranged in discrete channels and parallel to each other. Furthermore, the cathode channels in the first overlap section are preferably at an angle in FIG Range from 0 ° to 70 ° in particular preferably in the range of 10 ° to 50 ° to each other, arranged.
  • a bipolar plate is subdivided into three regions, comprising two distributor regions and one active region.
  • a first distributor area serves for the supply of
  • a second distribution area of the discharge of the operating media from the active area is designed the same and in particular can be converted into one another by rotational symmetry.
  • the main equipment ports ie anode gas main port, main coolant port and cathode gas main port
  • the cathode gas main port and either the coolant gas main port or the anode gas main port are disposed along a first side edge of the bipolar plate.
  • the coolant gas main port and the anode gas main port are arranged along a second side edge adjacent to the first side edge. The first side edge is preferably at right angles to
  • Extension direction of the active area arranged Extension direction of the active area arranged.
  • the main equipment ports can be classified based on their training, in particular their size ratios.
  • Anode gas main ports are usually smaller than the areas of
  • the active region which is arranged between the two distributor regions, is characterized in that, in the assembled state of the fuel cell stack, this region faces an electrode of the membrane-electrode assembly. It is limited by the distributor areas and usually formed in a rectangular shape. That is, in the active area take place the chemical reactions, which are the basis for the energy production in a fuel cell.
  • the operating media in the present case are fluids, that is, liquid or gaseous substances, which are conducted through the respective main equipment ports via suitable feeds to the plate.
  • These are two reactant fluids, in particular a cathode resource (oxidant) and an anode resource (Fuel) and a coolant, preferably water.
  • Oxygen is preferred as
  • Oxidizing agent and hydrogen used as fuel are Oxidizing agent and hydrogen used as fuel.
  • the cathode channels of a bipolar plate extend at least over the
  • Cathode plate have no sweeping. Preferably, they are arranged parallel to each other. Such an arrangement is found at least in the distribution area. Also preferably, this arrangement over the entire length of the bipolar plate, ie also in the active region, continued.
  • the straight-line course of the cathode channels has the advantage that a
  • bipolar plates according to the invention can be operated with a low-pressure strategy, that is to say an operating medium pressure of less than 2 bar.
  • the anode channels are preferably formed so that they extend over the entire width of a cathode flux field, wherein the cathode flux field of the sum of all
  • Cathode channels corresponds.
  • the fuel is supplied to the flow field over the entire width with a substantially same initial pressure, whereas in conventional construction of a bipolar plate an inhomogeneous pressure distribution of the fuel is already generated in the distributor region.
  • An overlapping section in the sense of the invention is an area within one
  • Distribution area of the bipolar plate in which at least two types of flow channels, so coolant channels, cathode channels and / or anode channels, not superimposed fluidly. It can be enclosed between two types of channels angle in the range of 0 ° to 180 °. If angles are included in the range of 0 ° to 89 °, the flow direction of the guided in the respective channels fluids is considered to be substantially equal, however, the included angle is in the range of 91 ° to 180 °, the flow direction is substantially opposite.
  • anode channels and coolant channels run in the first
  • Intersecting section parallel to each other and close with the cathode channels an angle in the range of 10 ° to 90 °, in particular from 20 ° to 80 °, preferably from 25 ° to 75 °, particularly preferably from 35 ° to 55 °.
  • the first intersecting section is arranged in the direction of extension of the active region in its alignment. This ensures that the cathode channels in the distributor region are rectilinear and also have the same flow direction as in the active region. More preferably, the sum of the width of all cathode channels emanating from the main cathode port substantially corresponds to the width of the active region. More preferably, the coolant gas main port and the Anodengasmaschineport au ßer devis this escape, especially one-sided, arranged.
  • the first overlap section has the form of, in particular
  • the first overlap portion of two mutually perpendicular sides, and thus completely and uniformly, is acted upon by the reaction gases.
  • This preferred form of the first overlap section is preferably achieved by having at least one of the main equipment ports, in particular the
  • Cathode gas main port having a substantially triangular shape.
  • Cathode gas main port is then advantageously arranged in the distributor area such that a corner, in particular the right angle, is arranged on a side of the distributor area facing away from the second overlap section, wherein the side edge of the triangle adjacent to the angle runs along the side edge of the bipolar plate which is adjacent to the angle
  • Extension direction of the bipolar plate is arranged vertically.
  • the first intersecting section is arranged such that a first side edge, in particular a catheter, of the first intersecting section extends in extension to an edge of the active region.
  • the advantage of this embodiment lies in the optimal use of the available area.
  • the membrane can be coated over the entire surface, without areas of the electrodes, ie the catalytic coating, not being involved in the fuel cell reaction.
  • the first intersecting portion is further arranged such that a second side edge, in particular a catheter, of the first intersecting portion with a limiting boundary line of the active area runs.
  • the boundary line runs perpendicular to the extension direction of the active region and delimits this from the distributor region.
  • the bipolar plate according to the invention also has a second one in the distributor region
  • Coolant channels which intersect at an angle greater than 0 °, in particular at an angle in the range of 55 ° to 125 °, preferably in the range of 70 ° to 1 10 °.
  • the second overlap section has no cathode channels and, according to a preferred embodiment, is located outside the alignment of the active area. This allows a maximum extension of the first overlap section and a compact form of the bipolar plate.
  • the anode channels in the second overlap section extend in such a way that a flow direction extends in a direction away from the active region. That is, the anode gas flows in this section substantially opposite to a flow direction of the cathode gas in the cathode channels within the first
  • the anode channels in the second overlapping section extend at an angle in the range of 91 ° to 180 °, in particular in the range of 100 ° to 170 °, to the cathode channels in the first overlap section.
  • the coolant channels in the second overlap section preferably have an angle in the range of 0 ° to 90 °, in particular in the range of 20 ° to 80 °, relative to the cathode channels within the first overlap section.
  • the main coolant port of a distributor region has the largest possible diameter.
  • the coolant channels are arranged such that the coolant is highly directed and distributed evenly distributed in the active area, without going through heavy bends, in which it could lead to an accumulation of sediment or ice.
  • a membrane-electrode assembly comprising a membrane having a quadrangular shape with two parallel longitudinal sides and two opposite short sides, wherein at least one included by a short side and an adjacent longitudinal side angle of 90 ° is different.
  • the membrane-electrode unit comprises two electrodes arranged on both sides of the membrane, wherein the electrode surface has the same shape as the membrane surface.
  • the shape of the electrode surface corresponds to the shape of the membrane surface.
  • the included angle always means the smaller angle enclosed by the short and long sides, even if this is not the inner angle of the quadrangle corresponds.
  • the membrane-electrode unit according to the invention is thus designed such that it can be arranged on the bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the electrodes of a fuel cell are usually present as a catalytic coating on the gas diffusion layers, which are then referred to as gas diffusion electrodes.
  • electrodes may also be present as a catalytic coating on the membrane.
  • CCM catalytic coated membrane
  • Various techniques are known to coat a membrane material with a catalytic material to produce a CCM, and so
  • Spray method deposition method, brushing method.
  • low cost processes with high production rates are desirable.
  • the membrane according to the invention has the advantage over known membranes that a part of the active region extends functionally into the distribution area of the bipolar plate and thus the power density of the membrane-electrode unit is increased.
  • the membrane of the invention is designed such that advantageously the entire membrane is activated for the production of a membrane-electrode unit, that is, coated with a catalytic material (catalytic coated membrane, CCM).
  • a gas diffusion layer adjacent the membrane is coated with a catalytic material throughout the region adjacent the membrane, thereby maximizing the usable active area and increasing the power density of the membrane-electrode assembly.
  • the activated region occupies only part of the total area of the MEA.
  • the remaining areas which may have a variable shape, serve to supply and distribute the operating media to the activated area and to seal and mechanically stabilize the MEA. These areas are called inactive or inactive areas.
  • the activated region has the shape of the active region of the bipolar plate and thus usually a rectangular shape. In an effort to achieve a high space utilization for the activated area, are also recently
  • the excess coating means a loss of catalytic material.
  • the membrane may have the shape of a trapezoid or a parallelogram.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the membrane is individually adapted to the bipolar plate in such a way that a part of the membrane-electrode unit extends into the distributor region.
  • the membrane of the invention in this embodiment has the shape of a parallelogram, wherein the respective opposite angles are equal. If the membrane has the shape of a parallelogram, that is to say a regular rectangle, the manufacture is simplified compared to irregular geometric shapes.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell, which comprises the bipolar plate according to the invention and the membrane-electrode unit according to the invention.
  • Fuel cell has an increased power density compared to the prior art.
  • the invention relates to a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of alternately arranged with bipolar plates membrane electrode assemblies according to the invention.
  • the fuel cell stack can be used in particular in a vehicle which has an electric motor drive, wherein the fuel cell stack of the
  • Electricity supply of the electric motor and / or a traction battery is used.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell stack
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic schematic diagram of a section of a bipolar plate in a first embodiment of the invention in a plan view
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic schematic diagram of a detail of a bipolar plate in a further embodiment of the invention in a plan view
  • Figure 4A is a schematic representation of a membrane-electrode assembly according to the
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic representation of a membrane-electrode assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a membrane according to a preferred embodiment
  • Figure 6A is a schematic representation of the cross section of a membrane according to the
  • Figure 6B is a schematic representation of the cross section of a membrane in the
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell stack 100.
  • the fuel cell stack 100 comprises a first end plate 11 and a second end plate 12. Between the end plates 11 1, 12 a plurality of stacked stack elements are arranged, which bipolar plates 1 13 and 13 Include membrane electrode assemblies 1 14.
  • the bipolar plates 1 13 are alternately stacked with the membrane electrode assemblies 1 14.
  • the membrane-electrode units 1 14 each comprise a membrane and on both sides of the Membrane subsequent electrodes, namely an anode and a cathode (not shown). Adjacent to the membrane, the membrane-electrode assemblies 1 14 may also have gas diffusion layers (also not shown). Between the bipolar plates 1 13 and
  • Membrane electrode units 1 14 each sealing elements 1 15 are arranged, which seal the anode and cathode chambers gas-tight outward Shen. Between the end plates 1 1 1 and 1 12 of the fuel cell stack 100 by means of clamping elements 1 16, for example, tie rods or clamping plates, pressed.
  • FIG. 1 only the narrow sides of the bipolar plates 13 and the membrane electrode units 14 are visible.
  • the major surfaces of the bipolar plates 1 13 and the membrane electrode assemblies 1 14 abut each other.
  • the representation in FIG. 1 is partly not dimensionally true.
  • a thickness of a single cell, consisting of a bipolar plate 1 13 and a membrane electrode assembly 1 14, a few mm, the membrane electrode assembly 1 14 is the much thinner component.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic schematic diagram of a section of a bipolar plate 1 in a first embodiment of the invention in a plan view of the bipolar plate 1. Shown is a distributor region 2 and the adjacent active region 6 of the bipolar plate 1.
  • Distributor area 2 is formed wider than the active area 6. He has three
  • Resource main ports namely, a cathode gas main port 4, a main coolant port 5, and an anode gas main port 3.
  • Bipolar plate 1 are positioned adjacent to each other. Furthermore, the cathode gas main port 4 is arranged in extension from the active region 6, that is to say in alignment therewith.
  • Anodengassburgport 3 which is adjacent to the coolant main port 5, however, is au ßer distress a flight of the active area 6.
  • the bipolar plate 1 in the section shown an L-shape.
  • a first overlap section 9 and a second overlap section 10 are formed.
  • the first overlap section 9 all the flow channels 31, 41 and 51 overlap, with anode channels 31 and coolant channels 51 extending substantially parallel to one another and intersect with the cathode channels 41 at an angle in the range of 10 ° to 45 °.
  • the overlapping of the flow channels 31, 41 and 51 is not carried fluid, so there is no mixing or exchange of operating media.
  • the first intersecting section 9 extends beyond a width corresponding to the active region 6 and adjoins it via a borderline 12.
  • a further side edge 11 of the first overlap section 9 forms an extension of a longitudinal edge 13 of the active region 6.
  • the first overlap section 9 has the shape of a, in particular right-angled, triangle.
  • the cathode channels 41 extend in a straight line over the distributor region 2 and pass directly into the cathode channels of the active region 6.
  • the second intersecting portion 10 is arranged laterally adjacent to the first intersecting portion 9. He is also outside of an escape of the active area 6. He is also preferably triangular in shape and adjoins with a side edge, in particular a Hypotenuse, on the side edge 1 1 of the first overlap section 9, which forms the extension of the longitudinal edge 13 of the active area 6 , On the other sides of the second overlap section 10, the anode gas main port 3 and the
  • Main coolant port 5 The main coolant port 5 is preferably adjacent to
  • the flow channels 31, 41 and 51 extend in the embodiment shown in the active region 6 parallel to each other and straight.
  • Flow channels 31, 41 and / or 51 meander over the active area run.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sketch of a section of a bipolar plate in a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the detail of the bipolar plate 1 is also shown in plan view and substantially corresponds to the structure of the embodiment in Figure 2.
  • the difference of the second embodiment compared to that shown in Figure 2 consists in the arrangement of the anode gas main port 3 and the coolant main port 5. These are in Comparison with the first embodiment reversed. This affects the arrangement and the flow direction of coolant channels 51 and anode channels 31.
  • the anode channels 31 at the boundary between the second and first overlap section 9, 10 undergo a flow reversal, this is true in the embodiment shown in Figure 3 for the coolant channels.
  • the anode channels 31 extend in a straight line over the entire distributor region 2.
  • cathode channels 41 and anode channels 31 overlap in the first overlapping section 9 this region is already suitable for the fuel cell reaction since both a fuel and an oxidizing agent are available here and thus can be designated as an activatable region 28.
  • a suitable electrode surface is available in this area. This can be achieved by providing a membrane-electrode unit 20 according to the invention, as can be seen from the following figures.
  • FIG. 4A shows a membrane-electrode unit 20 according to the prior art in a plan view of one of its flat sides.
  • the membrane-electrode unit 20 has the catalytically coated membrane 21.
  • the catalytically coated membrane 21 has a hexagonal contour. Within this hexagonal contour, an active region 6 is arranged, which is indicated by a broken line. Outside the active region 6, the catalytically coated membrane 21 has activatable regions 28 and inactive regions 25.
  • the active region 6 has the shape of the active region 6 of the bipolar plate 1. Depending on whether and how much of the activatable region 28 has a catalytic coating 22, the active region 6 and the activatable region 28 jointly form the activated region 29.
  • the membrane electrode assembly 20 is inserted into a fuel cell stack 100, the fuel cell reactions take place at the anode and cathode and thus the generation of electricity.
  • the inactive regions 25 serve other functions, for example the supply of the operating media to the active region 6.
  • the polymer electrolyte membrane 21 is coated with the catalytic coatings 22 only in the active region 6.
  • the membrane-electrode unit 20 comprises various passage openings 3 to 5, which serve to supply and discharge of the various operating media. These are preferably arranged in a protective and / or supporting layer 26 of the membrane.
  • a first anode gas main port 3 serves to supply the anode working gas to the anodes of the fuel cell stack 100 and an opposite second anode gas main port 3 to exhaust the anode operating gas.
  • a first cathode gas main port 4 serves to supply a cathode working gas to the cathodes of the fuel cell stack 100 and an opposite second cathode gas main port 4 to discharge the gas
  • a first coolant main port 5 serves to supply a coolant to the internal coolant passages 51 of the bipolar plates 1 and 1
  • the bipolar plates 1 have a substantially same blank as the membrane electrode assemblies 20 shown, in particular corresponding ports 3, 4 and 5. In this way, in the stacked state the membrane-electrode assemblies 20 and bipolar plates 1 main channels formed which the
  • Fuel cell stack 100 in its stacking direction S prevail. (These main operating media channels are not shown in Figure 1, which shows only a section through the active region 6 of the fuel cell stack.)
  • the coolant main ports 5 are connected to the internal coolant passages 51 of the bipolar plates 1.
  • connecting distribution channel structures extend in the inactive regions 25.
  • the membrane 21 is usually bordered on both sides by a respective support layer 26, which surrounds the membrane 21 at its edge regions.
  • the membrane 21 may also extend over the entire surface of the membrane-electrode assembly 20 and be laminated with support layers 26 at its edge regions.
  • seals 27 can be seen, which surround the equipment passage openings 3, 4 and 5 as well as the catalytically coated membrane 21 in order to seal them to the outside.
  • the seals 27 may be disposed on the bipolar plates 1 or both instead of on the membrane-electrode unit 20.
  • the fuel cell reaction takes place only in the activated region 29. It is therefore desirable, if possible, only in this area, the catalyst layers 22nd because the catalytic material is by far the most expensive single component of the fuel cell stack.
  • the aim is to make the active region 6 as large as possible and the inactive regions 25 as small as possible in order to achieve the highest possible energy yield or to minimize the required installation space and the weight of the fuel cell.
  • contours of the activated region 29 result, which may deviate from the conventional rectangular contour (as shown in FIG. 4A) and have an irregular contour.
  • the preparation can be carried out by selective coating methods, in which the catalytic material exclusively on the activated region 6 of a
  • Membrane material is applied, for example, by selective printing methods such as screen printing or offset printing. However, these procedures are slow
  • FIG. 4B shows a membrane-electrode unit 20 'according to the invention.
  • the basic structure of the membrane electrode assembly 20 'according to the invention essentially corresponds to that shown in FIG. 4A. The difference is in the shape of the membrane 21 and the electrodes.
  • the membrane 21 has a quadrangular shape with two parallel longitudinal sides.
  • the short sides 23 are at an angle to the longitudinal sides 24, which is different from 90 °.
  • the membrane has the shape of a parallelogram.
  • the main equipment ports 3, 4 and 5 are arranged.
  • the Kathodengashautport 4 is aligned in extension of the active area 6.
  • Coolant main port 5 and the anode gas main port 3 are arranged laterally of the diaphragm 21 in the distributor region 2.
  • FIG 5 shows a schematic representation of a membrane 21 according to the preferred embodiment of the invention in Figure 4B.
  • the membrane 21 has a quadrangular shape in plan view, wherein the longitudinal sides 24 are arranged parallel to each other.
  • the end points of the longitudinal sides 24 are connected by a short side 23 each.
  • a first short side 23 with the two longitudinal sides 24 encloses an angle ⁇ and the second short side 23 with the longitudinal sides 24 an angle ß.
  • At least one of the two angles ⁇ and / or ⁇ is different from 90 °.
  • the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are equal.
  • the two short sides 23 are parallel to each other and the membrane 21 has the shape of a parallelogram.
  • the largest possible rectangle within the membrane 21, which has the same width as the membrane 21, corresponds to the active region 6 of the bipolar plates 1 shown in the preceding figures.
  • a catalytic material 22 is arranged on both sides of the membrane 21. This can be done, for example, by catalytic
  • Coating the membrane 21 or a gas diffusion layer (not shown) take place.
  • the catalytic coating 22 is in the active region 6 and according to the invention additionally in the activatable region 28 and thus over the entire surface, with or without partial deactivation or only in some areas.
  • the goal here is that all areas of the later membrane electrode unit 20 'in the areas have an active catalytic coating 22 in which fuel and oxidant are present simultaneously.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show the cross sections of a membrane 21 with adjacent catalytic coating 22 in two embodiments.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 6A shows a partial catalytic coating 22 which adjoins the membrane only in the active region 6. This creates inactive areas 25 that are not available for the fuel cell reaction.
  • Figure 6B shows a preferred embodiment of the membrane 21 according to the invention in cross-section, which has a catalytic coating 22 over the entire surface.
  • the arrangement of this membrane 21 in a membrane-electrode unit 20 for a bipolar plate 1 of the type described in FIGS. 2 and 3 increases the power density of the resulting fuel cell, since the regions in which the fuel cell reaction generates energy extend beyond the active region 6 walk.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire (1) pour une cellule de combustible (100) comportant une plaque d'anode profilée (7) et une plaque de cathode profilée (8), comprenant chacune une zone active (6) ainsi que deux zones de distribution (2) pour l'admission et l'évacuation de moyens de fonctionnement vers la zone active (6) respectivement en dehors de cette dernière (6). Les zones de distribution (2) comprennent chacune : un orifice principal de gaz d'anode (3) pour l'admission et l'évacuation de combustibles ; un orifice principal de gaz de cathode (4), pour l'admission et l'évacuation d'agents d'oxydation, qui est disposé de sorte que des canaux de cathode partant de celui-ci (41) sont disposés en droite ligne au moins dans la zone de distribution (2) de la plaque bipolaire (1) et présentent une direction d'écoulement qui correspond à une direction d'écoulement principal dans les canaux de cathode (41) dans la zone active ; ainsi qu'un orifice principal d'agent de refroidissement (5) pour l'admission et l'évacuation d'agent de refroidissement. Selon l'invention, l'orifice principal d'agent de refroidissement (5) et l'orifice principal de gaz de cathode (3) sont disposés voisins l'un de l'autre, voisins à l'orifice principal de gaz de cathode (4) et en dehors d'un alignement avec la zone active.
EP16742281.5A 2015-07-30 2016-07-21 Plaque bipolaire et unité électrodes-membrane pour une cellule de combustible disposée dans un empilement de cellules de combustible, cellule de combustible et empilement de cellules de combustible Pending EP3329536A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015214517.4A DE102015214517A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2015-07-30 Bipolarplatte und Membran-Elektroden-Einheit für eine in einem Brennstoffzellenstapel angeordnete Brennstoffzelle, Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzellenstapel
PCT/EP2016/067423 WO2017016976A1 (fr) 2015-07-30 2016-07-21 Plaque bipolaire et unité électrodes-membrane pour une cellule de combustible disposée dans un empilement de cellules de combustible, cellule de combustible et empilement de cellules de combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3329536A1 true EP3329536A1 (fr) 2018-06-06

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US (1) US10879549B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3329536A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107925107B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015214517A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017016976A1 (fr)

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DE102020100626A1 (de) * 2020-01-14 2021-07-15 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Brennstoffzellenstapel, Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
DE102020128107A1 (de) * 2020-10-26 2022-04-28 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzellenstapel
CA3210831A1 (fr) * 2021-03-04 2022-09-09 Aleksei IVANENKO Pile a combustible a membrane echangeuse de protons a refroidissement par air fonctionnant avec des gaz comprimes, et empilement de piles a combustible
CN114373955A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-19 新源动力股份有限公司 一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板
DE102022205019A1 (de) 2022-05-19 2023-11-23 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Strömungsplatte, Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelle für ein Brennstoffzellensystem
CN117334946B (zh) * 2023-12-01 2024-03-29 北京氢璞创能科技有限公司 一种流场优化的质子交换膜燃料电池单电池

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JP3700642B2 (ja) 2001-12-11 2005-09-28 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池
US6974648B2 (en) 2003-09-12 2005-12-13 General Motors Corporation Nested bipolar plate for fuel cell and method
US7348094B2 (en) 2004-12-10 2008-03-25 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Enhanced flowfield plates
US7291414B2 (en) 2004-12-10 2007-11-06 General Motors Corporation Reactant feed for nested stamped plates for a compact fuel cell
JP2006331655A (ja) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-07 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 燃料電池システム
JP5125016B2 (ja) * 2006-07-28 2013-01-23 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池
DE102010048761B4 (de) * 2010-10-16 2019-05-23 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Fertigen einer Bipolarplatte für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel und Bipolarplatte
US9178224B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2015-11-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Sealing design for stamped plate fuel cells
DE102013021577A1 (de) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-25 Daimler Ag Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzelle

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WO2017016976A1 (fr) 2017-02-02
CN107925107B (zh) 2021-03-30
CN107925107A (zh) 2018-04-17
DE102015214517A1 (de) 2017-02-02
US10879549B2 (en) 2020-12-29
US20180366752A1 (en) 2018-12-20

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