WO2016030095A1 - Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible - Google Patents

Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016030095A1
WO2016030095A1 PCT/EP2015/067030 EP2015067030W WO2016030095A1 WO 2016030095 A1 WO2016030095 A1 WO 2016030095A1 EP 2015067030 W EP2015067030 W EP 2015067030W WO 2016030095 A1 WO2016030095 A1 WO 2016030095A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bipolar plate
outlet
channels
channel
flow field
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/067030
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Martin ZILLICH
Original Assignee
Volkswagen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen Ag filed Critical Volkswagen Ag
Publication of WO2016030095A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016030095A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bipolar plate and a fuel cell comprising at least one such bipolar plate.
  • Fuel cells use the chemical transformation of a fuel with oxygen to water to generate electrical energy.
  • fuel cells contain as core component the so-called membrane electrode assembly (MEA for membrane electrode assembly), which is a composite of an ion-conducting (usually proton-conducting) membrane and in each case a membrane disposed on both sides of the electrode (anode and cathode).
  • MEA membrane electrode assembly
  • GDL gas diffusion layers
  • the fuel cell is formed by a multiplicity of stacked MEAs whose electrical powers add up.
  • bipolar plates also called flow field plates
  • the bipolar plates provide an electrically conductive contact to the membrane-electrode assemblies.
  • the fuel in particular hydrogen H 2 or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture
  • the fuel is supplied to the anode via an anode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate, where an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to H + takes place with emission of electrons.
  • an electrochemical oxidation of H 2 to H + takes place with emission of electrons.
  • Via the membrane which separates the reaction spaces gas-tight from each other and electrically isolated, takes place (water-bound or anhydrous) transport of protons H + from the anode compartment in the cathode compartment.
  • the electrons provided at the anode are supplied to the cathode via an electrical line.
  • the cathode is supplied via a cathode-side open flow field of the bipolar plate oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas mixture (for example, air), so that a reduction of 0 2 to O 2 " under
  • Oxygen anions with the protons transported across the membrane to form water Achieve through the direct conversion of chemical into electrical energy Fuel cells compared to other electricity generators due to the circumvention of the Carnot factor improved efficiency.
  • the supply and discharge of the operating media takes place via inlet and outlet distribution structures.
  • Each flow field is assigned in each case two such distribution structures, which serve the inlet and the outlet of the respective equipment.
  • the flow field of a bipolar plate is formed in a plane so that all the flow field channels of the flow field have the same length.
  • the flow field channels may have the same channel cross-sectional area. This is described for example in the document DE 10 2006 005 339 A1.
  • inlet channels and outlet channels usually have the same cross-section.
  • different flow field channels sometimes have different lengths of inlet channels and different lengths of outlet channels.
  • the bipolar plate In the flow field channels of the bipolar plate, it may come during operation to form water in the liquid state, which can close the affected flow field channels, so that these flow field channels can not be flowed through and the effectiveness of the bipolar plate is limited. After completion of the operation, the water can freeze under appropriate boundary conditions, this can lead to damage to the fuel cell.
  • fuel cell stacks can be operated such that the flow field channels run vertically parallel to the direction of gravity. Then the water can be discharged by gravity from the river field. Main channels of the fuel cell stacks, which supply the flow fields with the media, then usually run horizontally, ie perpendicular to the direction of gravity. If much water accumulates in the main drainage channel, capillary force can still be used to occlude
  • the patent DE 10 2009 040 786 B3 deals with a gas distributor for the passive discharge of water from the gas distribution channels of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. By means of fluidic vias, a passive water discharge from channels via capillary forces.
  • the published patent application DE 2005 057 045 A1 describes a collecting area and a Distribution area of a bipolar plate, which are formed asymmetrically to allow a better water discharge.
  • the present invention is based on the object to further improve the discharge of water.
  • a bipolar plate according to claim 1 for a fuel cell and a fuel cell according to claim 10 is presented, which comprises the bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the presented bipolar plate comprises at least one profiled flow field with flow field channels.
  • Each of the flow field channels includes an outlet channel which opens into a main outlet channel, wherein the main outlet channel opens at an edge of an outlet opening into the outlet opening of the bipolar plate.
  • the bipolar plate is characterized in that a width of the main outlet passage increases monotonically from a first outermost exhaust port to a second outermost exhaust port, the second outermost exhaust port opens into the main port closer to the edge of the exhaust port than the first outermost exhaust port.
  • the increasing width of the main outlet channel improves the water discharge.
  • the width increases continuously.
  • the water discharge is then particularly effective.
  • the width may also increase discontinuously at at least one stage.
  • the outlet channels can be of different lengths.
  • an associated inlet channel can then be present for each of the flow field channels, the shorter the longer the associated outlet channel. Then the pressure loss across each composite channel can be similar or equal.
  • Inlet channels are the same and hydraulic diameters of the outlet channels are different. Of two outlet channels, the longer one has a smaller hydraulic diameter than the shorter one.
  • the bipolar plate may be rectangular. This is advantageous in the manufacture and / or use of a fuel cell made using the bipolar plate.
  • the flow field channels may extend parallel to one another in a first direction, wherein in an arrangement of the bipolar plate in a manner in which the first direction is vertical and the outlet channels are arranged below the flow field channels, the main outlet channel has a slope towards the outlet opening.
  • Water in the flow field can then be driven by gravity first to flow into the outlet channels and then into the main outlet channel and finally discharged via the outlet opening.
  • the outlet channels may extend parallel to each other in a second direction, wherein the second direction may not be perpendicular and not parallel to the first direction. Another edge of the outlet opening may be perpendicular to the first direction. This allows a material and / or space-saving production of the bipolar plate in a rectangular shape.
  • the fuel cell presented according to the invention comprises at least one membrane-electrode unit and at least one bipolar plate, as proposed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a bipolar plate according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the bipolar plate shown in FIG. 1, and FIG.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a bipolar plate according to the invention.
  • the bipolar plate 100 comprises a rectangular flow field 120 with flow field channels 121 and a triangular outlet distribution structure with outlet channels 131, 132, 133, of which one each belongs to one of the flow field channels 121.
  • a triangular inlet distribution structure comprises an associated inlet channel 161 via which the respective flow field channel 121 is connected to a main inlet channel.
  • the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 open at a first side of a Hauptauslasskanals 140 in the
  • the main outlet channel 140 in turn opens at an edge 151 of an outlet opening in the outlet opening.
  • the main inlet duct allows the supply of media via an inlet opening having an edge at which the main inlet duct begins.
  • the inlet structure and the main inlet channel may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins one of the shorter sides of the flow field 120.
  • the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 and the main outlet channel 140 may form an isosceles triangle, the base of which adjoins the other shorter side of the flow field 120.
  • the outlet opening may also be formed as a substantially isosceles triangle.
  • outlet openings form an outlet channel of the stack.
  • the flow field channels 121 run parallel to each other in a first direction R1, the
  • Outlet passages 131, 132, 133 extend parallel to each other in a second direction R2, which is not parallel and not perpendicular to the first direction R1.
  • the distance of a side of the main outlet channel 140 opposite the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 from the junctions of the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 monotonously increases in the direction of the junction of the main outlet channel 140 into the outlet opening.
  • the width of the main exhaust passage 140 monotonically increases from a first outermost exhaust passage 131 to a second outermost exhaust passage 132.
  • the second outermost outlet channel 132 opens closer to the edge 151 of the outlet opening into the main channel than the first outermost outlet channel 131.
  • the increase is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear.
  • the increase is discontinuous at a stage 141.
  • Embodiments accumulate water which, in an arrangement of the bipolar plate 100 in a manner in which the first direction R1 runs perpendicular to the direction of gravity R3 and water as drops 170 from the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 into the main outlet channel 140 can flow due to gravity, the Water collects in a region of the main outlet channel 140, which is adjacent to the edge 151 of the outlet opening 150 and in which the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 are maximally spaced from the accumulated water 171. As a result, capillary-related reflux of water into the outlet channels 131, 132, 133 is largely prevented.
  • the length of the exhaust passages 131, 132, 133 increases monotonously from the first outermost exhaust passage 131 to the second outermost exhaust passage 132.
  • the increase in length is strictly monotonic, continuous and linear.
  • the length of the inlet channels 161 increases monotonously.
  • the inlet channel 161 is the longer the shorter the outlet channel 131, 132, 133 which belongs to the same flow field channel 121.
  • Flow field channel 121, associated inlet channel 161 and associated outlet channel 131, 132, 133 is the same in the embodiment, but it may also only be similar,
  • each of the inlet channels has a same hydraulic diameter.
  • Each of the exhaust ports has an individual hydraulic diameter that differs from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining exhaust ports.
  • the individual hydraulic diameters are matched to the individual channel lengths, so that the pressure loss in any outlet channel at a first mass flow is equal to the pressure loss at a second mass flow in an equally long inlet channel with the same hydraulic diameter, the difference between the second and the first Mass flow equal to the predetermined
  • Mass flow difference of belonging to the outlet channel flow field channel is.
  • a longer outlet channel has a smaller individual hydraulic diameter than a shorter outlet channel. This is shown by way of example in FIG.
  • each of the inlet channels has an individual hydraulic diameter that is different from the individual hydraulic diameters of the remaining inlet channels.
  • the individual hydraulic diameter is the smaller, the shorter the respective inlet channel.
  • Each of the outlet channels has a same hydraulic diameter. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une plaque bipolaire et une pile à combustible. Selon l'invention, une plaque bipolaire (100) comprend au moins un champ d'écoulement (121) profilé muni de canaux de champ d'écoulement (120). À chacun des canaux de champ d'écoulement (121) est associé un canal de sortie (131, 132, 133) qui débouche dans un canal de sortie principal (140). Le canal de sortie principal (140) débouche sur un côté (151) d'un orifice de sortie (150) dans l'orifice de sortie (150) de la plaque bipolaire (100). La plaque bipolaire (100) est caractérisée en ce qu'une largeur du canal de sortie principal (140) augmente de façon monotone d'un premier canal de sortie le plus à l'extérieur (131) vers un second canal de sortie le plus à l'extérieur (132). Le second canal de sortie le plus à l'extérieur (132) débouche dans le canal principal (140) plus près du côté (151) de l'ouverture de sortie (150) que le premier canal de sortie le plus à l'extérieur (131). La largeur croissante du canal de sortie principal (140) améliore l'évacuation de l'eau.
PCT/EP2015/067030 2014-08-27 2015-07-24 Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible WO2016030095A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014217050.8 2014-08-27
DE102014217050.8A DE102014217050A1 (de) 2014-08-27 2014-08-27 Bipolarplatte und Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016030095A1 true WO2016030095A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

Family

ID=53835403

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/067030 WO2016030095A1 (fr) 2014-08-27 2015-07-24 Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102014217050A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016030095A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020203066A1 (de) * 2020-03-11 2021-09-16 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Bipolarplatte mit optimiertem Massenstrom

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007008474A1 (de) * 2006-02-27 2007-10-18 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Ausgeglichene Wasserstoffzufuhr für eine Brennstoffzelle
JP2007299537A (ja) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040018407A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-01-29 Frano Barbir Electrochemical cell stack design
US7348094B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2008-03-25 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Enhanced flowfield plates
DE102005057045B4 (de) 2005-11-30 2015-06-03 Daimler Ag Bipolarplatte und deren Verwendung in einer Brennstoffzelleneinheit
DE102006005339A1 (de) 2006-02-07 2007-08-09 Volkswagen Ag Medienplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle sowie Medienverteilungsstruktur einer Anodenplatte einer Brennstoffzelle
DE102009040786B3 (de) 2009-09-09 2010-12-30 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Gasverteiler zum passiven Wasseraustrag aus den Gasverteilerkanälen von Polymerelektrolytmembranbrennstoffzellen und Polymerelektrolytbrennstoffzelle

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007008474A1 (de) * 2006-02-27 2007-10-18 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Ausgeglichene Wasserstoffzufuhr für eine Brennstoffzelle
JP2007299537A (ja) * 2006-04-27 2007-11-15 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102014217050A1 (de) 2016-03-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102006019114B4 (de) Brennstoffzellensystem zur verbesserten Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffverwendung
DE102016107906A1 (de) Bipolarplatte aufweisend Reaktantengaskanäle mit variablen Querschnittsflächen, Brennstoffzellenstapel sowie Fahrzeug mit einem solchen Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE102004007203B4 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Metallseparators für eine Brennstoffzelle und Brennstoffzelle
EP3378117B1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire à sections d'étanchéité asymétriques et empilement de piles à combustible muni d'une telle plaque bipolaire
DE202016107302U1 (de) Separatorplatte für ein elektrochemisches System
DE102006009844A1 (de) Bipolarplatte, insbesondere für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel eines Fahrzeugs
DE102008056900A1 (de) Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzellenanordnung, insbesondere zur Anordnung zwischen zwei benachbarten Membran-Elektroden-Anordnungen in einem Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE102015225228A1 (de) Bipolarplatte für eine Brennstoffzelle sowie Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen
EP3329536A1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire et unité électrodes-membrane pour une cellule de combustible disposée dans un empilement de cellules de combustible, cellule de combustible et empilement de cellules de combustible
DE112005002123B4 (de) Bipolarplatte mit Versetzungen
WO2019141601A1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire, pile à combustible et véhicule automobile
DE102016111638A1 (de) Bipolarplatte mit variabler Breite der Reaktionsgaskanäle im Eintrittsbereich des aktiven Bereichs, Brennstoffzellenstapel und Brennstoffzellensystem mit solchen Bipolarplatten sowie Fahrzeug
DE102008018275B4 (de) Monopolarplatte, Bipolarplatte und ein Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE112007000282T5 (de) Brennstoffzelle
DE112004002358B4 (de) Feststoffoxid-Brennstoffzelle
DE102004058117B4 (de) Dickenoptimierte Bipolarplatte für Brennstoffzellenstapel sowie Bipolarplattenanordnung in einem Brennstoffzellenstapel
DE102009043381A1 (de) In einem Bipolarplatten-Verteiler/Sammler gebildete Merkmale
WO2015155125A1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible
DE102016200055A1 (de) Flussfeldplatte und Bipolarplatte sowie Brennstoffzelle
DE102015207455A1 (de) Bipolarplatte mit unterschiedlich dicken Halbplatten und Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen
WO2016030095A1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible
WO2016113055A1 (fr) Plaque bipolaire et pile à combustible équipée d'une telle plaque bipolaire
DE102019203321A1 (de) Brennstoffzellenplatte, Brennstoffzellenaufbau und Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102005026909B4 (de) Brennstoffzellenstapel und Separatorplatte zur gleichmäßigen Reaktandendurchflussmengenverteilung
DE102019205564A1 (de) Bipolarplatte für Brennstoffzellen, Brennstoffzellenstapel mit solchen Bipolarplatten sowie Fahrzeug mit einem solchen Brennstoffzellenstapel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15749747

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15749747

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1