WO2019166335A1 - Module de batterie pour batterie d'un véhicule automobile et batterie pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Module de batterie pour batterie d'un véhicule automobile et batterie pour véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019166335A1
WO2019166335A1 PCT/EP2019/054405 EP2019054405W WO2019166335A1 WO 2019166335 A1 WO2019166335 A1 WO 2019166335A1 EP 2019054405 W EP2019054405 W EP 2019054405W WO 2019166335 A1 WO2019166335 A1 WO 2019166335A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
temperature value
battery module
thermal conductivity
temperature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/054405
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Scharner
Florian SCHOEWEL
Michael Huber
Christoph Riether
Sonia Dandl
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2019166335A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019166335A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery module for a battery of a motor vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a battery for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • batteries in particular high-voltage accumulators, which are also referred to as traction batteries, play an increasingly important role in the propulsion of motor vehicles, in particular hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles.
  • motor vehicles in particular hybrid vehicles or electric vehicles.
  • lithium-ion batteries are currently being used as batteries.
  • individual battery cells are combined to form battery modules.
  • the battery modules are in turn combined or switched to the battery.
  • the batteries must each achieve the highest possible capacity and / or voltage, which explains the interconnection of the individual battery cells or battery modules.
  • a so-called thermal event of the battery cell can occur. This takes place once inside the battery cell, thereby the cell can be burned or burned, something with itself
  • DE 10 2013 226 813 A1 shows a cooling device for a high-voltage accumulator comprising a heat sink, which can be flowed through by a refrigerant, wherein the heat sink is adapted to receive heat from the high-voltage accumulator and deliver it to the flowing refrigerant.
  • WO 2016/166659 A1 discloses a battery module for a traction battery, wherein the battery module consists of a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of heat transfer elements.
  • a cooling plate is used for
  • EP 1 818 998 B1 discloses a cell barrier for a battery module, formed of a metal body and an insulating layer, which is arranged on the surface of the metal body.
  • the cell barrier is placed between individual cells of the battery module to electrically isolate between the cells of the battery module.
  • An inventive battery module for a battery in particular a
  • a motor vehicle has at least two spaced-apart battery cells and at least one associated cell barrier.
  • the cell barrier is at least partially arranged between the battery cells.
  • the respective cell barrier is at least partially formed of a first material, which changes its thermal conductivity when exceeding or falling below a certain temperature value unstably.
  • a thermal event of a battery cell can be understood to spontaneously go into a self-reinforcing, heat-producing process. This can occur, for example, as a result of a cell-internal short circuit.
  • the cell can burn through or burn through and develop a particularly large heat, which can skip to adjacent battery cells, whereby they can also suffer a short circuit and each pass into the thermal event itself.
  • the material used according to the invention for the at least partial formation of the respective cell barrier has at least one characteristic property which can inhibit or prevent this runaway or the chain reaction.
  • the characteristic property is a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity or the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity.
  • the thermal conductivity is the property of a material
  • the material according to the invention changes its thermal conductivity discontinuously at a certain temperature or a certain temperature value. Under unsteady can be understood in the context of claim 1 in particular leaps and bounds, that is, the thermal conductivity on reaching the specific temperature value, which in particular a
  • the thermal conductivity can have a first value, which is in particular substantially smaller than a second value of the thermal conductivity above the temperature value. This can occur, for example, when the state of the material or the material changes.
  • Thermal conductivity in particular, is lower than below Temperature value, the transfer of heat above the temperature value can be particularly advantageous inhibited or prevented. That is, upon the occurrence of the thermal event described above, a temperature transfer from one battery cell to the other battery cell is difficult or prevented, whereby the chain reaction, which can also be referred to as a domino effect, at least can be delayed.
  • the first material and thus the cell barrier can serve as heat flow control or work. Therefore, the material or the cell barrier can also be referred to as a heat flow switch.
  • the first material below about 130 to 150 degrees Celsius, a particularly high thermal conductivity, whereas at temperatures above 150 degrees Celsius, a particularly low
  • the material may for example be formed from an inhomogeneous material mixture, wherein at least one of the materials of the
  • Temperature value corresponds to its state of aggregation changes.
  • the material can advantageously have a high adaptability to rough substrates as a mechanical characteristic. Furthermore, it may be advantageous, in particular since the material can be in direct contact with the respective battery cell, that the material and thus at least part of the cell barrier has a particularly high electrical resistance.
  • a material or material mixture may be used whose thermal conductivity above the temperature value is higher than below
  • Heating the respective battery cell to an optimal operating temperature may be possible.
  • the first material is porous and has a fluid in cavities present thereby, which changes its state of aggregation at a temperature which corresponds to the temperature value.
  • the first material has a porous internal structure, that is, it has a non-zero porosity. Due to the porosity not equal to zero, the material has in its interior cavities, which may be open-pore or closed, for example.
  • the inner structure may be at least partially sponge-like and / or at least partially foam-like, an overlay would also be possible
  • the cavities can in total and / or at least partially filled with the fluid.
  • the fluid present in the cavities can be advantageously chosen so that it undergoes a change of its state of aggregation, for example, in particular from gaseous to liquid and vice versa, at a temperature which corresponds to the temperature value at which a discontinuous or sudden increase
  • Thermal conductivity changes such that a transfer of heat from a thermal event passing through a battery cell on adjacent battery cell as possible avoided.
  • the first material in a
  • a phase transition or a phase transformation is the change or conversion of at least one phase of the material into another phase.
  • the change of the phase is here in particular temperature-dependent, but can additionally of other state variables such as ambient pressure
  • phase interfaces can form at which properties, in particular the thermal conductivity, can change abruptly.
  • a change in the thermal conductivity may be discontinuous.
  • the cell barrier is formed from at least two layers, wherein a first of the layers is at least partially formed from the first material.
  • the at least two layers which may be arranged in particular lying against each other, for example, another
  • Property of the cell barrier can be specified in addition to their thermal conductivity or be specified.
  • the at least one further layer, which is different from the first layer can serve, for example, as a carrier for the first layer.
  • a further of the layers is at least partially formed from a second material, which has a higher mechanical stability compared to the first material.
  • the at least one further layer can be used, for example, as a support or support structure or frame for the cell barrier or the battery cell.
  • the material may be at least partially made of, in particular hard, rubber, which, for example, has a particularly low thermal conductivity, but for a particularly high electrical resistance.
  • a further of the layers is at least partially formed of a third material, which is a thermal insulator.
  • Thermal conductivity of a thermal insulator is particularly low, in addition, as a rule, also its electrical conductivity.
  • the third material or the further layer that is used can be designed such that it not only serves as a layer between two battery cells, but alternatively or additionally encapsulates in its entirety a combination of a plurality of battery cells separated by the other layers or the at least one first layer of the cell barrier.
  • the first layer is at least partially formed from the first material, which increases its thermal conductivity discontinuously when a first temperature value is exceeded.
  • the second layer is from another, first Material formed, which its thermal conductivity when exceeding a second
  • Temperature value which is higher than the first temperature value discontinuously lowered.
  • heat from the respective battery cell for example, to another KOhlsystem or comparable will give off, or heat can be exchanged particularly easily within the temperature window between individual battery cells.
  • the thermal conductivity of the cell barrier decreases, so that a
  • the thermal conductivity of the cell barrier also decreases, so that, for example, the operating temperature of the respective battery cell can be achieved particularly advantageously.
  • the invention comprises a battery for a motor vehicle, which has at least one battery module according to the invention.
  • Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the battery module are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the battery and vice versa.
  • FIGURE shows a schematic side view of an inventive
  • Battery module for a battery of a motor vehicle comprising at least two spaced-apart battery cells and at least one associated cell barrier.
  • the figure shows a battery mode! 1 for a battery 2 of a motor vehicle, with at least two spaced battery cells 3 and at least one associated cell barrier 4.
  • the at least one cell barrier 4 is at least partially arranged between the battery cells 3.
  • the respective cell barrier 4 is at least partially formed from a first material 5, which its
  • the material 5 thus acts in the cell barrier 4 between at least two battery cells 3 as heat flow control and can be referred to as a so-called heat flow switch. So the material is 5
  • thermal conductivity which can be temperature-dependent over the entire temperature range, but for example, a total of up to about 150 degrees Celsius is particularly large or larger than in one
  • the thermal conductivity of the material 5 and thus at least part of the cell barrier 4 is thus variable in particular.
  • the material 5 is selected so that the cell barrier 4 as a whole has a particularly high electrical resistance or is an electrical insulator, in particular due to its proximity to the battery cells 3.
  • the first material 5 is porous, that is to say that cavities are present in its interior. These cavities are advantageously at least partially filled with a fluid or have a fluid which changes its state of aggregation at a temperature which corresponds to the temperature value.
  • the material 5 as inhomogeneous material, wherein at least one component or a material component of the Material 5 can change its state of aggregation, in particular the temperature value.
  • the material 5 thus partially changes its state of aggregation.
  • the first material 5 can advantageously have a phase transition at a temperature which corresponds to the temperature value.
  • Phase transition may include, for example, the change of the state of aggregation, and / or at least one other material-specific order parameters.
  • the order parameter is advantageously to be selected so that the material 5 to be considered as a physical system performs or passes through a phase transition, in particular at a temperature which corresponds to the temperature value, which undergoes or has a particularly abrupt or unsteady change, in particular of the thermal conductivity.
  • the cell barrier 4 is formed at least from two layers 6 and 7, wherein a first of the layers 6 is at least partially formed from the first material 5.
  • a further of the layers 7 is at least partially formed from a second material 8, which may have or have a higher mechanical stability compared to the first material 5.
  • the second material 8 may, for example, a hard and / or rubber-like and / or contributing to the mechanical stabilization of the battery module and / or from a
  • the cell barrier 4 can advantageously be formed at least partially from a third material 9, which is a thermal insulator. This has particularly advantageously a particularly high thermal stability, for example, this can be heat resistant to over 1000 degrees Celsius and in particular is not flammable. This can for example be designed as a foam and isolate several battery cells 3 of the battery module 1 thermally against an environment of the battery 2 and the battery module 1. As an alternative to the FIGURE, the cell barrier 4 may be designed such that it is completely arranged between the battery modules 1 or respective battery modules 1.
  • the first layer 6 is at least partially formed from the first material 5, which increases its thermal conductivity when exceeding a first Temperaturwerst discontinuous and the second layer 7 is formed from a further first material 5 ', which its thermal conductivity during Exceeding a second temperature value, which is higher than the first
  • Temperature value is unstably lowered. This makes it possible to form a temperature window with a first low temperature value and a second higher temperature value, so that within the temperature window a particularly good
  • the cell barrier 4 is particularly efficient in inhibiting the heat exchange between respective adjacent battery cells 3.
  • This temperature range can be selected, for example, such that the cell barrier 4 can be used as a good thermal insulator or as a heat barrier, so that the respective battery cell 3 advantageously can be heated up very quickly to its respective optimum operating temperature.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module de batterie (1) destiné à une batterie (2) d'un véhicule automobile et comprenant au moins deux éléments de batterie (3) espacés les uns des autres et au moins une barrière d'élément associé (4) qui est disposée au moins partiellement entre les éléments de batterie (3). La barrière d'élément respective (4) est au moins partiellement en une première matière (5) dont la conductivité thermique varie de façon discontinue lors du franchissement vers le haut ou vers le bas d'une valeur de température déterminée. En outre, l'invention concerne une batterie (2).
PCT/EP2019/054405 2018-02-27 2019-02-22 Module de batterie pour batterie d'un véhicule automobile et batterie pour véhicule automobile WO2019166335A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018202946.6 2018-02-27
DE102018202946.6A DE102018202946A1 (de) 2018-02-27 2018-02-27 Batteriemodul für eine Batterie eines Kraftfahrzeugs sowie Batterie für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019166335A1 true WO2019166335A1 (fr) 2019-09-06

Family

ID=65576345

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/054405 WO2019166335A1 (fr) 2018-02-27 2019-02-22 Module de batterie pour batterie d'un véhicule automobile et batterie pour véhicule automobile

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102018202946A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019166335A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113745731A (zh) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-03 奥迪股份公司 用于电池的电池模块和具有电池的机动车以及运行方法
DE102021106551A1 (de) 2021-03-17 2022-09-22 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches Interface-Material, Batterieanordnung und Kraftfahrzeug
US11502325B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-11-15 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Battery stack assemblies and methods for replacing a battery cell

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CN113994525B (zh) * 2019-06-19 2024-09-06 Tvs电机股份有限公司 能量储存装置及其制造方法
DE102022205551A1 (de) 2022-05-31 2023-11-30 Plastic Omnium e- Power GmbH Isolier- und Kühlanordnung für eine Batteriezelle

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EP1818998B1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2013-04-03 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Barrière cellulaire pour module de batterie rechargeable
DE102013225574A1 (de) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Latentwärmespeicher für elektrischen Energiespeicher
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US10454147B2 (en) * 2015-11-19 2019-10-22 Intramicron, Inc. Battery pack for energy storage devices
US10116017B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2018-10-30 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Passive thermal management system for battery

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EP1818998B1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2013-04-03 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Barrière cellulaire pour module de batterie rechargeable
DE102013225574A1 (de) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 Robert Bosch Gmbh Latentwärmespeicher für elektrischen Energiespeicher
DE102013226813A1 (de) 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Kühlvorrichtung
EP2988364A1 (fr) * 2014-08-18 2016-02-24 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Dispositif de gestion thermique de pack de batteries
WO2016166659A1 (fr) 2015-04-13 2016-10-20 Tata Motors European Technical Centre Plc Module de batterie

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11502325B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2022-11-15 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Battery stack assemblies and methods for replacing a battery cell
CN113745731A (zh) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-03 奥迪股份公司 用于电池的电池模块和具有电池的机动车以及运行方法
CN113745731B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2024-05-14 奥迪股份公司 用于电池的电池模块和具有电池的机动车以及运行方法
DE102021106551A1 (de) 2021-03-17 2022-09-22 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches Interface-Material, Batterieanordnung und Kraftfahrzeug

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