WO2019163765A1 - Dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide, dispositif de génération d'énergie, et procédé de gazéification - Google Patents

Dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide, dispositif de génération d'énergie, et procédé de gazéification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019163765A1
WO2019163765A1 PCT/JP2019/006077 JP2019006077W WO2019163765A1 WO 2019163765 A1 WO2019163765 A1 WO 2019163765A1 JP 2019006077 W JP2019006077 W JP 2019006077W WO 2019163765 A1 WO2019163765 A1 WO 2019163765A1
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Prior art keywords
solid fuel
gasification
gasifying agent
hole
gasifier
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PCT/JP2019/006077
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
滋 北野
木村　修二
紀孝 池戸
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明和工業株式会社
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Priority to JP2020501779A priority Critical patent/JP6936914B2/ja
Publication of WO2019163765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019163765A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel gasification apparatus, a power generation apparatus, and a gasification method.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-81637 discloses a method and apparatus for gasifying woody biomass that suppresses the generation of clinker.
  • the method and apparatus for gasifying woody biomass described in Patent Document 1 includes a partition plate that partitions the interior of the furnace up and down, a passage hole that passes through the partition plate up and down, and a blow-in port that blows an oxidant on the upper side of the partition plate.
  • a downdraft type fixed-bed gasification furnace provided in the above, a raw material made of woody biomass is introduced into a furnace on the upper side of the partition plate, and gasification is performed while injecting an oxidant from the injection port. It is characterized by blowing steam from.
  • the downdraft method has an advantage that the tar concentration in the combustible gas is lower than that of the updraft method.
  • the downdraft method has a demerit that the heat efficiency is low because, for example, the amount of heat is lost to dry the solid fuel containing a large amount of moisture in the upper part of the furnace.
  • ash adheres or solidifies in the furnace (inside the apparatus) to form clinker (ingot), which covers the gasified gas. Problems that do not flow or are blocked and do not flow.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel gasification apparatus and a gasification method that improve thermal efficiency and suppress the generation of ingots (CLINKER). Another object of the present invention is to provide a power generation device in which the amount of power generation is made more efficient by a gasifier with improved thermal efficiency. Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel gasification device, a power generation device, and a gasification method that achieve high thermal efficiency and downsizing with a downdraft method and that are less likely to cause clinker.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus is a solid fuel gasification apparatus that gasifies solid fuel using a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace, wherein a lower part of a reaction furnace constituting the gasification furnace is a peripheral edge. It has an inclined surface that decreases in diameter toward the center in the radial direction, and a through hole that is located at the center of the lowermost end. The gas gasifying agent flows along the inclined surface from the peripheral part toward the through hole. To compress and inject.
  • the gasifying agent can be supplied toward the through-hole, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the occurrence of the ingot (CLINKER) can be suppressed.
  • a solid fuel gasification device is the solid fuel gasification device according to one aspect, in which the gasifying agent is compressed and injected from a plurality of locations in the peripheral portion.
  • the gasifying agent can be supplied toward the through-hole, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the occurrence of the ingot (CLINKER) can be suppressed.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus is the solid fuel gasification apparatus according to one aspect or the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the gasification furnace extends in the vertical direction along the outer peripheral surface of the reaction furnace and has a peripheral edge.
  • the gasifying agent channel may be provided so as to reach the periphery, and the gasifying agent may flow from the upper side to the lower side in the gasifying agent channel to reach the peripheral portion.
  • the gasifying agent channel is heated by passing through the gasifying agent channel by extending in the vertical direction along the outer peripheral surface of the reactor.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus is the solid fuel gasification apparatus according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the gasification furnace extends from the top of the reaction furnace to above the bottom.
  • a stir bar may be provided.
  • the stirring rod can agitate the solid fuel in the reaction furnace to make the thermal decomposition uniform and prevent the solid fuel from cross-linking.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus is the solid fuel gasification apparatus according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, wherein the gasification furnace is disposed below the through hole, and a grate There may be provided a drive mechanism for rotating the motor in a horizontal plane.
  • the charcoal or ash generated by the combustion of the solid fuel is prevented from sticking to the gasifier, and the charcoal and ash or charcoal ash are solidified and blocked in the gasifier. Can be prevented.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus is the solid fuel gasification apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention from the one aspect, wherein the gasification furnace is disposed around the gasifying agent flow path from the vicinity of the bottom of the reaction furnace. And a combustible gas flow path that extends to the upper part of the gasification furnace, and the combustible gas may flow from the lower side of the reaction furnace to the upper side of the combustible gas flow path from the lower side to the upper side. .
  • the gasifying agent in the gasifying agent channel can be heated by the combustible gas passing through the combustible gas channel.
  • the heat used for the combustion of the solid fuel is reused, a gasifier with high thermal efficiency can be obtained.
  • a power generator is connected to the gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, an engine that drives a combustible gas generated from the gasifier as at least part of fuel, and the engine.
  • a generator is connected to the gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 6, an engine that drives a combustible gas generated from the gasifier as at least part of fuel, and the engine.
  • the efficiency of the generator can be increased by using a gasifier that improves the thermal efficiency and suppresses the generation of ingots (CLINKER).
  • a solid fuel gasification method is a solid fuel gasification method in which a solid fuel is gasified using a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace, wherein a lower portion of the reactor constituting the gasification furnace is A sloped surface that decreases from the periphery to the center in the radial direction and a through hole formed at the center of the lowermost end, and the gas gasifying agent is inclined from the periphery to the through hole. It is to be compressed and injected along the surface.
  • the gasifying agent can be supplied toward the through-hole, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the occurrence of the ingot (CLINKER) can be suppressed.
  • a solid fuel gasification device is a solid fuel gasification device including a gasifying agent supply unit and a combustion unit for burning solid fuel, wherein the combustion unit is formed in a mortar shape.
  • the gasifying agent supply unit supplies the gasifying agent toward the predetermined gap.
  • the solid fuel can be held or locked by the convex portion and the end portion of the forming surface portion, and the gasifying agent can be supplied and burned efficiently. Moreover, the ash after combustion can be gravity dropped from the hole. As a result, the thermal efficiency can be improved and the occurrence of ingots (CLIKER) can be suppressed.
  • a solid fuel gasification device is the solid fuel gasification device according to another aspect of the present invention, wherein the gasifying agent may be a gas containing oxygen.
  • the gasifying agent may be air in the atmosphere or a gas containing oxygen.
  • the combustion reaction of the solid fuel can be enhanced.
  • the solid fuel gasification device according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention is the solid fuel gasification device according to another invention or the tenth invention, wherein the supply amount of the gasifying agent is 10 m 3 / h or more and 25 m 3 / h. The following is preferable.
  • an optimal combustion reaction can be maintained when the supply amount of the gasifying agent is 10 m 3 / h or more and 25 m 3 / h or less.
  • the solid fuel gasification device according to a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the solid fuel gasification device according to any of the other aspects of the invention, wherein the gasifying agent is supplied to the combustion section before being supplied to the combustion section. You may pass through the heat quantity transfer part which transfers the heat quantity of the combustible gas produced from the combustion part.
  • combustion efficiency can be improved by transferring the amount of heat of the combustible gas to the gasifying agent.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus according to any of the twelfth to twelfth aspects, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the hole to the convex portion is in the range of 2 to 3. It is preferable to be within.
  • the ratio of the diameter of the hole portion to the convex portion is within the range of 2 or more and 3 or less, the combustion reaction can be caused while the solid fuel is reliably held.
  • the solid fuel gasification apparatus according to any of the thirteenth to thirteenth aspects of the present invention, wherein the temperature of the solid fuel in the combustion section is 900 degrees Celsius or higher and 1300 degrees Celsius or lower. It is preferable that
  • the temperature of the solid fuel in the combustor is 900 degrees Celsius or higher and 1300 degrees Celsius or lower, the water gas shift reaction can be stably generated.
  • a solid fuel gasification apparatus according to any of the fifteenth to fourteenth aspects of the present invention, wherein the solid fuel is burned before being supplied to the combustion section. You may pass the drying part dried with the calorie
  • the amount of water contained in the solid fuel can be evaporated and dried. As a result, a stable combustion reaction can be caused.
  • a solid fuel gasification device is the solid fuel gasification device according to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, further comprising a stirring unit for stirring the ash deposit generated in the combustion unit. preferable.
  • the combustible gas can be discharged to the outside at a constant and stable level.
  • a solid fuel gasification device is the solid fuel gasification device according to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, wherein the agitating portion includes a stirring blade, and the stirring blade is rotated at least 0.1 rotation / min. It is preferable to rotate in the range of less than / min.
  • the stirring unit further includes a stirring blade and rotates in a range of 0.1 rotations / minute or more and 3 rotations / minute or less, so that the combustible gas can be generated while stirring the ash without rolling up the accumulated ash. Can be discharged.
  • the present invention relates to a solid fuel gasification device, a power generation device, and a gasification method, and more particularly to a downdraft type high fuel efficiency and miniaturization, and a solid fuel gasification device, a power generation device, and
  • the present invention relates to a gasification method.
  • a solid fuel containing carbon such as biomass or coal
  • the solid fuel is usually used at a high temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and in a reducing atmosphere with little oxygen.
  • Gasifier types include fixed bed, moving bed, fluidized bed and spouted bed.
  • the fixed bed includes a downdraft type in which the solid fuel and the gasifying agent flow in the same direction, and an updraft type in which the reverse direction flows.
  • the downdraft method is a method in which a gasifying agent is flowed from the upper side or the center of the gasification furnace to the lower side.
  • the solid fuel is methane (CH 4 ), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), water ( Thermally decomposed into H 2 O), carbon (C (char (solid))), tar, ash (solid), and the like.
  • the solid fuel gasification apparatus of the present invention is a solid fuel gasification apparatus that gasifies solid fuel using a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace, wherein the lower part of the reaction furnace constituting the gasification furnace has a peripheral edge. It has an inclined surface that decreases in diameter toward the center in the radial direction, and a through hole that is located at the center of the lowermost end.
  • the gas gasifying agent flows along the inclined surface from the peripheral part toward the through hole. And compression injection. Further, the gasifying agent is compressed and injected from a plurality of locations on the peripheral edge.
  • the gasification furnace has a gasifying agent passage extending in the vertical direction along the outer peripheral surface of the reaction furnace and reaching the peripheral portion, and the gasifying agent passes through the gasifying agent passage from above to below.
  • the gasification furnace includes a stirring rod that extends from the upper part of the reaction furnace to the upper part of the bottom part.
  • the gasification furnace includes a grate disposed below the through hole and a drive mechanism for rotating the grate in a horizontal plane.
  • the gasification furnace includes a combustible gas passage extending from the vicinity of the bottom of the reaction furnace to the top of the gasification furnace so as to cover the periphery of the gasifying agent passage. It is characterized in that it flows in the combustible gas flow path from below to upward from below.
  • the power generation device of the present invention includes the above gasification device, an engine that drives a combustible gas generated from the gasification device as at least part of fuel, and a generator connected to the engine.
  • the solid fuel gasification method of the present invention is a solid fuel gasification method in which a solid fuel is gasified using a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace. An inclined surface that decreases in diameter toward the center in the radial direction from the portion, and a through hole formed at the center of the lowermost end, and the gas gasifying agent is inclined from the peripheral portion toward the through hole. It is characterized by carrying out compression injection along.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the movement of the calorie
  • It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of a grate. It is a schematic diagram which shows the detail of a combustion part.
  • the power generation device 1 includes a gasification device 10, a tar removal device 20, an ash content recovery device 30, a gas mixer 40, an engine 50, and a generator 60.
  • the gasification furnace 70 of the gasifier 10 can improve the thermal efficiency and suppress the occurrence of ingots (CLIKER). Details of the gasifier 10 will be described later.
  • the tar removing device 20 in the present embodiment uses a heat exchanger (first heat exchanger).
  • the tar removing device 20 is configured to positively condense the tar by cooling the combustible gas with water and remove the condensed tar with a scraper. In this case, cooling is performed to a temperature at which water does not condense.
  • the tar removing device 20 may be one in which a large number of porous ceramics are filled in a pipe.
  • Ar arbitrary tar removal apparatuses 20 such as what uses a nickel-type (Ni-type) catalyst and what is used normally, can be used.
  • the combustible gas and tar are both supplied to the next ash recovery device 30.
  • the ash content recovery device 30 uses an automatic cleaning filter.
  • the automatic cleaning filter operates with pressure air generated by an air cylinder.
  • the ash (dust) in the flammable gas is attached to the filter, and tar is attached to the dust attached to the filter, and these are scraped off from the filter by automatic cleaning.
  • the removed dust and tar are discharged by the discharger.
  • any ash content recovery device 30 such as a commonly used one such as a metal nonwoven fabric filter can be used. That is, the tar removing device 20 and the ash content collecting device 30 are devices that mainly remove impurities.
  • the temperature of the combustible gas that has passed through the automatic cleaning filter is adjusted by the second heat exchanger and supplied to the gas mixer 40.
  • the gas mixer 40 mixes an appropriate amount of air with combustible gas and supplies the air-fuel mixture to the engine 50.
  • the gas mixer 40 is provided to mix the combustible gas from which impurities have been removed after passing through the tar removing device 20 and the ash content collecting device 30 with external air.
  • the engine 50 is driven by the air-fuel mixture supplied from the gas mixer 40. Power generation is performed using the generator 60 by the driving force.
  • the various devices such as the gasification device 10, tar removal device 20, ash content recovery device 30, gas mixer 40, engine 50, and generator 60 constituting the power generation device 1 are driven or controlled by automatic control by a computer. It may be performed manually by an operator.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of the internal structure of the gasifier 10.
  • the gasifier 10 mainly includes a fuel supply unit 11, a gasifying agent supply unit 12, and a gasification furnace 70.
  • the gasification apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment supplies a solid fuel and a gasifying agent from a fuel supply unit 11 and a gasifying agent supply unit 12 into a reaction furnace 77 of a gasification furnace 70, thereby downdraft type. This is a device that pyrolyzes solid fuel to produce combustible gas.
  • the fuel supply unit 11 includes a tank for storing solid fuel and a rotary valve (rotary feeder).
  • the solid fuel stored in the tank is supplied to the gasification furnace 70 by a rotary valve.
  • the rotary valve is operated in accordance with the consumption timing of the solid fuel in the gasification furnace 70, and the solid fuel in the tank is quantitatively supplied into the reaction furnace 77.
  • the fuel supply part 11 is not limited to said structure, You may use another arbitrary apparatuses or arbitrary general things. Next, the solid fuel will be described.
  • solid fuel As solid fuel concerning this Embodiment, solid substances containing carbon, such as woody biomass, animal biomass, charcoal, coal (anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite, lignite, peat), briquettes, charcoal, coke, etc. Is mentioned.
  • the woody biomass include pellets, chips, sawdust (including extremely small chips), rice husks, pruned branches, and bamboo.
  • woody biomass varies in composition such as components or moisture content, and the variation is significant in sawdust (including extremely small chips). Therefore, it is preferable to use wood biomass of chips or pellets from the viewpoint of stably driving the power generator 1 for a long period of time.
  • the pellet is preferably in a cylindrical shape having a diameter of about 6 mm to 10 mm and a length of about 10 mm to 25 mm. In the present embodiment, even woody biomass with a bark can be efficiently burned. Furthermore, the pellet is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be a cylindrical shape.
  • the gasifying agent supply unit 12 includes a tank 12a for storing the gasifying agent, a blower as a compressor 12b, and a nozzle 12c.
  • the “compressor” refers to a “machine that pumps gas by the rotational motion of an impeller or rotor or the reciprocating motion of a piston” as defined in JIS B 0132.
  • “blower” refers to “a compressor having an effective discharge pressure of 200 kPa or less”.
  • the gasifying agent supplied from the gasifying agent supply unit 12 is compressed and injected into the reaction furnace 77 from a nozzle 12 c disposed at the lower part of the reaction furnace 77 through a gasifying agent flow path 72 described later.
  • the nozzle 12c may be provided separately at the end of the pipe or may be the open end of the pipe. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the nozzle 12 c is provided below the gasifying agent flow path 72.
  • the gasification furnace 70 includes a reaction furnace 77, a gasifying agent flow path 72, a combustible gas flow path 73, a stirring rod 74, a grate 75, and a drive mechanism 76.
  • the reaction furnace 77 is a cylindrical shape having a widening end as the cross-sectional area in the horizontal plane increases downward. From the viewpoint of suppressing the frictional force generated on the inner wall 71 of the reaction furnace 77, the reaction furnace 77 is preferably circular or elliptical in the horizontal cross section. Further, the greater the degree of inclination of the wall surface of the reaction furnace 77 (inclination angle with respect to the vertical surface), the greater the effect of suppressing the frictional force. On the other hand, there is a risk that the gas flow in the reaction furnace 77 may be biased. About 10% or less is preferable.
  • the reaction furnace 77 is not limited to a cylindrical type, and may be any shape such as a truncated cone, a reverse truncated cone, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, or a rectangular shape in a horizontal section. .
  • the lower portion of the reaction furnace 77 is directed vertically downward (downward) while being reduced in diameter from the peripheral edge side in the horizontal cross section of the reaction furnace 77 to the radial center side of the cylinder of the reaction furnace 77.
  • the periphery of the reaction furnace 77 is surrounded by an inner wall 71 with a predetermined gap.
  • the periphery of the inner wall 71 is surrounded by the outer wall 78 with a predetermined gap.
  • the gasifying agent flow path 72 is formed by extending a gap between the inner walls 71 of the gasification furnace 70 in the vertical direction along the outer peripheral surface of the reaction furnace 77.
  • One end side of the gasifying agent flow path 72 is connected to the gasifying agent supply unit 12.
  • the upper end of the gasifying agent flow path 72 is connected to the gasifying agent supply unit 12 by piping.
  • the other end side of the gasifying agent flow path 72 reaches a plurality of nozzles 12 c arranged at the peripheral edge of the bottom of the reaction furnace 77.
  • the gasifying agent supplied from the gasifying agent supply unit 12 moves in the gasifying agent flow path 72 from above to below.
  • the one or more nozzles 12c are formed so as to be able to supply the gasifying agent toward the through hole 71b.
  • the gasifying agent is compressed and injected along the inclined surface 71a.
  • 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 3, and shows an inclined surface 71a, a through hole 71b, a nozzle 12c, and the like at the lower part of the reaction furnace 77.
  • symbol 100 in FIG.3 and FIG.4 has shown the gasifying agent supplied from the nozzle 12c.
  • the gasifying agent may be compressed and injected from the nozzle 12c.
  • the gasifying agent may be air (atmosphere) or a gas containing oxygen.
  • the combustible gas flow path 73 is formed so as to cover the periphery of the gasifying agent flow path 72 from the bottom of the reaction furnace 77 to the top of the gasification furnace 70. Specifically, a gap formed between the inner wall 71 and the outer wall 78 is formed as a combustible gas channel 73.
  • the combustible gas flow path 73 communicates with the inside of the reaction furnace 77 at the bottom of the reaction furnace 77.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the movement of the amount of heat in the combustible gas channel 73.
  • high-temperature combustible gas is generated in the combustible gas channel 73 from a combustion section 500 described later. That is, high-temperature combustible gas flows in the combustible gas channel 73 from the lower side to the upper side.
  • the gasifying agent flow path 72 is heated via the inner wall 71 of the combustible gas flow path 73.
  • the gasifying agent that passes through the gasifying agent flow path 72 and is supplied from the nozzle 12c to the combustion unit 500 can be heated to a high temperature.
  • heat is supplied to the solid fuel side, and the solid fuel supplied to the combustion unit 500 can be in a dried state.
  • the stirring rod 74 is a rod-shaped member formed so as to extend from the upper part of the reaction furnace 77 to the upper side of the inclined surface 71a.
  • the stirring rod 74 is provided to agitate the solid fuel in the reaction furnace 77 so that thermal decomposition (200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower) is made uniform and to prevent the solid fuel from cross-linking.
  • the inside of the stirring rod 74 may be hollow and supplied to the vicinity of the inclined surface 71a of the reaction furnace 77 through the gasifying agent 100. Further, instead of the inclined surface 71a of the reaction furnace 77, it may be supplied to the through hole 71b or may be compressed and injected toward the through hole 71b.
  • the grate 75 constitutes a bottom portion (furnace bottom) of the reaction furnace 77 by being disposed below the through hole 71 b of the reaction furnace 77.
  • the drive mechanism 76 is provided for rotating the grate 75 in a horizontal plane. By rotating the grate 75 by the drive mechanism 76, the solid fuel at the bottom of the reaction furnace 77 can be agitated to make the thermal decomposition uniform and to prevent the solid fuel from bridging.
  • the grate 75 is formed through a through hole 71b formed in the inclined surface 71a. That is, a part of the grate 75 is provided through the through hole 71b from the vertically downward direction to the vertically upward direction.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the grate 75
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing details of the combustion unit 500. As shown in FIG.
  • the grate 75 may include one or a plurality of blade members 75 c extending toward the combustible gas flow path 73.
  • the blade member 75 c is provided at the peripheral edge of the grate 75.
  • the drive mechanism 76 rotates the grate 75 within a range of 0.1 rotation / min or more and 3 rotations / min or less, any one of constant, simple, variable speed, or a combination thereof. Also good. More preferably, the drive mechanism 76 may rotate the grate 75 at 0.5 rotation / min. The drive mechanism 76 does not necessarily need to rotate the grate 75, and may move it up and down or vibrate.
  • the blade member 75c preferably has a function of stirring the ash accumulated in the combustible gas channel 73.
  • the combustible gas generated in the combustion unit 500 can be stably supplied to the tar removal device 20 on the downstream side.
  • a part 75a of the grate 75 is provided so as to form a predetermined gap (horizontal distance 71L-75L, vertical distance 75H) with the inclined surface 71a and the through hole 71b.
  • the predetermined gap is set within a range equal to or more than twice the length of the solid fuel.
  • the movement of the reaction furnace 77 will be described.
  • the solid fuel is introduced into the tank of the fuel supply unit 11, and the rotary valve is driven to deposit the solid fuel to a predetermined height in the reaction furnace 77.
  • the ignited solid fuel in the reaction furnace 77 contacts the inclined surface 71 a at the lower part of the reaction furnace 77 through the gasifying agent flow path 72.
  • the gasifying agent is supplied in a small amount immediately after ignition, and starts to supply a specified amount when a predetermined time has elapsed after ignition.
  • the solid fuel tries to move downward from the inclined surface 71a through the through hole 71b.
  • the solid fuel is difficult to pass through the gap formed by the through hole 71b and part of the grate 75. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, in the combustion unit 500, the pellets are held or locked for a predetermined time between a part 75 a of the grate 75 and the inclined surface 71 a, and a combustion state is generated. Is formed.
  • the gasifying agent is supplied from the nozzle 12c in the direction of the arrow 100, the combustion layer is maintained in an ultrahigh temperature range of 900 ° C. or higher and 1300 ° C. or lower. That is, in the combustion unit 500, a water gas shift reaction or the like occurs.
  • the gasifying agent 100 may not be compressed and injected, and may be compressed and injected.
  • the merit of compression injection is that the ash on the inclined surface 71a can be blown away. Further, the merit of compression injection is that the gasifying agent can be supplied also to the gap between the solid fuels. In these cases, the solid fuel is oxidized, and a reaction layer by highly efficient combustion is constructed around a part of the grate 75 and the through hole 71b. As a result, generation of combustible gas is started.
  • a reduction layer is formed near the grate 75 and the through hole 71b, and the combustible gas generated from the reduction layer (600 ° C. or more and 800 ° C. or less) rises in the combustible gas flow path 73. Then, it is taken out of the gasification furnace 70. The combustible gas flows upward in the combustible gas flow path 73 from below the reaction furnace 77. In this case, the ash accumulated in the combustible gas channel 73 is agitated by the one or more blade members 75 c provided in the grate 75.
  • the combustible gas is stably flowed from the lower side of the reaction furnace 77 through the combustible gas flow path 73 upward, taken out from the upper end of the gasification furnace 70, and the downstream tar removing device 20. Etc.
  • the heat of the combustible gas rising in the combustible gas flow path 73 is transmitted to the gasifying agent flowing in the gasifying agent flow path 72 via the inner wall 71, so that the gasifying agent is in a high temperature state.
  • the solid fuel sequentially supplied from the fuel supply unit 11 in the reaction furnace 77 is partially oxidized, so that a dry layer, a pyrolysis layer (200 ° C. to 600 ° C.) and a combustion layer (600 ° C. to 1300 ° C.) are sequentially formed from above.
  • the following can be formed:
  • the gaseous gasifying agent is compressed and injected along the inclined surface 71 a toward the through hole 71 b at the lower part of the reaction furnace 77.
  • the gasifying agent is compressed and injected.
  • the ash on the inclined surface 71a is blown away, so that the clinker is hardly formed.
  • the thermal efficiency can be improved. There is an effect that can be done. Further, by compressing and injecting the gasifying agent, not only in a range where the density of the solid fuel is low, that is, in a range where the gap between the solid fuels is large, but also in a range where the density is high, that is, where the gap between the solid fuels is small. Since the agent can be fed, the thermal efficiency can be further increased. If the gasifying agent is compressed and injected from a plurality of locations, the clinker is less likely to be formed, and the thermal efficiency can be further increased.
  • the gasifying agent flow path 72 extending in the vertical direction along the outer peripheral surface of the reaction furnace 77 is provided, and the gasifying agent is allowed to flow in the gasifying agent flow path 72, the heat of the reaction furnace 77. Is transmitted to the gasifying agent, so that a high-temperature gasifying agent can be compressed and injected, and a temperature drop in the reaction furnace 77 can be prevented.
  • the solid fuel in the reaction furnace 77 is stirred by the stirring rod 74, the thermal decomposition can be made uniform and the cross-linking phenomenon of the solid fuel can be prevented.
  • the grate 75 disposed below the through hole 71b is rotated in a horizontal plane, ash is less likely to accumulate on the surface of the grate 75, and thus the formation of clinker can be prevented.
  • the combustible gas flow path 73 that covers the periphery of the gasifying gas flow path 72 and reaches the upper part of the gasification furnace 70 is provided, the heat of the high-temperature combustible gas is increased. Since it is transmitted to the gasifying agent in the path 72, the gasifying agent 100 can be compressed and injected at a high temperature. In this way, in the present invention, the tar concentration in the combustible gas can be extremely lowered by making the vicinity of the through hole 71b in the lower part of the reaction furnace 77 extremely high, so that the tar removal provided downstream of the gasifier 10 can be performed. The burden on the device 20 or the ash content recovery device 30 can be reduced, and the engine 50 can be driven stably over a long period of time.
  • the gasification apparatus 10 corresponds to a “gasification apparatus”
  • the gasification furnace 70 corresponds to a “gasification furnace”
  • the reaction furnace 77 corresponds to a “reaction furnace”, and has an inclined surface.
  • 71a corresponds to “inclined surface, formation surface portion”
  • through hole 71b corresponds to “through hole, hole portion”
  • nozzle 12c corresponds to “multiple locations, gasifying agent supply portion”
  • the agent channel 72 corresponds to the “gasifier channel”
  • the stirring rod 74 corresponds to the “stirring rod”
  • the grate 75 corresponds to the “grate”
  • the drive mechanism 76 Corresponding to the “drive mechanism”
  • the combustible gas passage 73 corresponds to the “combustible gas passage”
  • the engine 50 corresponds to the “engine”
  • the generator 60 becomes the “generator”.
  • the power generation device 1 corresponds to a “power generation device”
  • the combustion part 500 corresponds to a “combustion part”
  • a part 75a of the grate 75 corresponds to a “convex part”.
  • the inner wall 71 corresponds to the "heat transfer portion”
  • the reactor 77 corresponds to a “drying section”
  • one or more blade members 75c corresponds to the "stirring portion, stirring blades”.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention est de fournir un dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide de type à tirage vers le bas dans lequel un rendement thermique élevé et une taille réduite sont réalisés et le clinker n'est pas susceptible de se produire, un dispositif de production d'énergie et un procédé de gazéification. La solution selon l'invention porte sur un dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide 10 qui gazéifie un combustible solide à l'aide d'un four de gazéification à lit fixe de type à tirage vers le bas 70, le dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide étant caractérisé en ce qu'une partie inférieure d'un four de réaction 77 constituant le four de gazéification est pourvue d'une surface inclinée 71a qui descend tout en diminuant de diamètre depuis sa partie de bord périphérique vers son centre radial, et un trou traversant 71b positionné au centre d'une extrémité la plus basse, un agent de gazéification gazeux 100 étant injecté par compression le long de la surface inclinée depuis la partie de bord périphérique vers le trou traversant. Du fait que les cendres sont soufflées hors de la surface de la surface inclinée par injection par compression de l'agent de gazéification, le clinker n'est pas susceptible de se produire, et le combustible solide présent à proximité du trou traversant peut être chauffé intensivement jusqu'à une température ultra-élevée, et l'efficacité peut être augmentée.
PCT/JP2019/006077 2018-02-20 2019-02-19 Dispositif de gazéification de combustible solide, dispositif de génération d'énergie, et procédé de gazéification WO2019163765A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112029541A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-12-04 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种加氢气化炉
IT202100002540A1 (it) * 2021-02-05 2022-08-05 Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie Lenergia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile Enea Reattore di gassificazione a letto fisso equicorrente

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JP2002516381A (ja) * 1998-05-28 2002-06-04 デダール リミテッド 非半径方向羽口を有するガス化装置
JP2006038441A (ja) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-09 Takeo Hirahara 固体バイオマスの下方ガス化燃焼構造からなる燃焼装置及び炭化炉・ガス化炉
JP2006504820A (ja) * 2002-11-01 2006-02-09 サーレス，ティモ ガス発生装置
JP2009263428A (ja) * 2008-04-22 2009-11-12 Higashine Seisakusho:Kk 燃料ガス生成装置
JP2011225684A (ja) * 2010-04-16 2011-11-10 Yanmar Co Ltd ガス化発電システム
JP2013522417A (ja) * 2010-03-15 2013-06-13 パワー・ウェイスト・ガシフィケーション，エルエルシー 炭素含有供給材料をガス化ガスに処理するための方法及び装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002516381A (ja) * 1998-05-28 2002-06-04 デダール リミテッド 非半径方向羽口を有するガス化装置
JP2006504820A (ja) * 2002-11-01 2006-02-09 サーレス，ティモ ガス発生装置
JP2006038441A (ja) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-09 Takeo Hirahara 固体バイオマスの下方ガス化燃焼構造からなる燃焼装置及び炭化炉・ガス化炉
JP2009263428A (ja) * 2008-04-22 2009-11-12 Higashine Seisakusho:Kk 燃料ガス生成装置
JP2013522417A (ja) * 2010-03-15 2013-06-13 パワー・ウェイスト・ガシフィケーション，エルエルシー 炭素含有供給材料をガス化ガスに処理するための方法及び装置
JP2011225684A (ja) * 2010-04-16 2011-11-10 Yanmar Co Ltd ガス化発電システム

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112029541A (zh) * 2020-07-27 2020-12-04 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种加氢气化炉
IT202100002540A1 (it) * 2021-02-05 2022-08-05 Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuove Tecnologie Lenergia E Lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile Enea Reattore di gassificazione a letto fisso equicorrente

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