WO2019163185A1 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents

電力変換装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019163185A1
WO2019163185A1 PCT/JP2018/037263 JP2018037263W WO2019163185A1 WO 2019163185 A1 WO2019163185 A1 WO 2019163185A1 JP 2018037263 W JP2018037263 W JP 2018037263W WO 2019163185 A1 WO2019163185 A1 WO 2019163185A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
converter
phase
power
power conversion
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Ceased
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PCT/JP2018/037263
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
公久 古川
叶田　玲彦
馬淵　雄一
庄司　浩幸
尊衛 嶋田
充弘 門田
瑞紀 中原
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Priority to US16/964,105 priority Critical patent/US11152870B2/en
Publication of WO2019163185A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019163185A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output using active elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power conversion device.
  • Patent Document 1 As a power conversion device, there is a self-excited reactive power control device described in Patent Document 1.
  • Patent Document 1 a capacitor connected to the DC side of a single-phase power converter generates reactive power as a DC voltage source, and includes a single-phase power converter for three phases and is directly connected to a three-phase AC system.
  • a harmonic voltage of a multiple of 3 is superimposed on each homologous phase on the output voltage of each single-phase power converter (see paragraph 0006 of the specification).
  • the converter cell described in Patent Document 1 converts, for example, a reactive current of a power supply system into a charge / discharge operation to a capacitor connected to a DC side of a single-phase converter, and at the same time a reactive voltage from the AC side of the single-phase converter.
  • a so-called self-excited reactive power control device that gives a reactive voltage to the power system by outputting.
  • the pulsating flow component that fluctuates with the frequency of the power supply system is superimposed on the DC voltage of the capacitor terminal. If this pulsating flow component is large, there arises a problem that the capacitor terminal voltage fluctuation becomes large.
  • Patent Document 1 The invention described in Patent Document 1 is an invention that reduces the pulsating flow component by controlling the power converter and the converter cell so as not to be large and expensive without increasing the size of components such as a capacitor. .
  • Patent Document 1 since the invention described in Patent Document 1 is a method for a self-excited reactive power control device, it cannot be applied as it is to a controlled object that controls active power.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to suppress voltage pulsation of a capacitor of a power converter with respect to a controlled object that controls active power, and loss of the capacitor. As a result, the capacity or volume of the capacitor is reduced, and a power converter that can be constructed at low cost is realized.
  • the present invention is configured as follows.
  • a power converter In a power converter, a plurality of power conversion cells connected to each other for converting a primary system voltage to a secondary system voltage, a capacitor connected to each of the plurality of power conversion cells, and N as a natural number
  • a power conversion cell driving unit for driving the conversion cell.
  • the voltage pulsation of the capacitor of the power converter can be suppressed, and the loss of the capacitor can be reduced.
  • the capacity or volume of the capacitor can be reduced, thereby realizing a power converter that can be configured at low cost can do.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a three-phase AC system configuration in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of the waveform of a primary side system voltage. It is a figure which shows the example of the waveform of a secondary side system voltage. It is a block diagram for making a converter cell generate
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram (circuit diagram) of a converter cell according to a sixth embodiment.
  • Example 1 (Configuration of Example 1) First, the structure of the power converter device by Example 1 of this invention is demonstrated.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power conversion device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power conversion apparatus 1 has N converter cells 20-1 to 20-N (N is a natural number of 2 or more).
  • Each converter cell 20-k (where k is a stage number and 1 ⁇ k ⁇ N) is connected to a pair of primary terminals 25 and 26 and a pair of secondary terminals 27 and 28.
  • Converter 11 (the first AC / DC converter that converts the AC voltage, which is the primary side system voltage) to a DC voltage
  • the AC / DC converter 12 (converted by the first AC / DC converter) 2nd AC / DC converter which converts DC voltage into AC voltage, primary side converter, and AC / DC converter 13 (3rd AC / DC which converts AC voltage converted by 2nd AC / DC converter into DC voltage) Converter, secondary side converter) and AC / DC converter 14 (a fourth AC / DC converter that converts the DC voltage converted by the third AC / DC converter into an AC voltage and supplies the AC voltage to the secondary power supply system, Secondary side converter) and a high-frequency transformer connected between the AC / DC converter 12 and the AC / DC converter 13 5 and (trans), and has capacitor 17 (first capacitor), a capacitor 18 and a (second capacitor).
  • the capacitor 17 is connected between the AC / DC converters 11 and 12, and the capacitor 18 is connected between the AC / DC converters 13 and 14.
  • the primary terminals 25 and 26 of the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N are sequentially connected, and the primary power supply system 31 is connected to these series circuits. Further, secondary terminals 27 and 28 of converter cells 20-1 to 20-N are sequentially connected in series with each other, and a secondary power supply system 32 is connected to these series circuits. Each converter cell 20-1 to 20-N transmits electric power between the primary side terminals 25, 26 and the secondary side terminals 27, 28 in both directions or in one direction.
  • the primary side power supply system 31 and the secondary side power supply system 32 include inductive impedance or a filter reactor.
  • various power generation facilities and power reception facilities such as a commercial power supply system, a solar power generation system, and a motor can be employed.
  • the voltage of the primary power supply system 31 is the primary system voltage VS1
  • the voltage of the secondary power supply system 32 is the secondary system voltage VS2.
  • the primary side system voltage VS1 and the secondary side system voltage VS2 are independent of each other in amplitude and frequency, and the power converter 1 is bidirectional between the primary side power supply system 31 and the secondary side power supply system 32. Or transmit power in one direction.
  • one of the pair of terminals of the primary power supply system 31 is called a primary reference terminal 33 and the other is called a terminal 35.
  • one of the pair of terminals of the secondary power supply system 32 is called a secondary reference terminal 34 and the other is called a terminal 36.
  • the primary side reference terminal 33 is a terminal where the primary side reference potential appears
  • the secondary side reference terminal 34 is a terminal where the secondary side reference potential appears.
  • the primary side and secondary side reference potentials are, for example, ground potentials.
  • the reference potential is not necessarily a ground potential.
  • the primary reference terminal 33 is connected to the primary terminal 25 of the converter cell 20-1, and the terminal 35 is connected to the secondary terminal 26 of the converter cell 20-N.
  • the secondary side reference terminal 34 is connected to the secondary side terminal 28 of the converter cell 20-N, and the terminal 36 is connected to the secondary side terminal 27 of the converter cell 20-1.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram (circuit diagram) of the converter cell 20-k.
  • the AC / DC converters 11 to 14 each have four switching elements connected in an H-bridge shape, and FWD (Free Wheeling Diode) connected in antiparallel to these switching elements (both are unsigned). .
  • these switching elements are, for example, MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors).
  • a voltage appearing between both ends of the capacitor 17 is referred to as a primary side DC link voltage V dc1 (primary side DC voltage).
  • the voltage appearing between the primary side terminals 25 and 26 is referred to as a primary side AC terminal voltage V U1k .
  • the AC / DC converter 11 transmits electric power while converting the primary-side AC terminal voltage V U1k and the primary-side DC link voltage V dc1 in both directions or in one direction.
  • the high-frequency transformer 15 has a primary winding 15a and a secondary winding 15b, and transmits power at a predetermined frequency between the primary winding 15a and the secondary winding 15b.
  • the current input / output between the AC / DC converters 12 and 13 and the high-frequency transformer 15 is high-frequency.
  • the high frequency is, for example, a frequency of 100 Hz or more, preferably a frequency of 1 kHz or more, more preferably a frequency of 10 kHz or more.
  • the AC / DC converter 12 transmits power while converting the primary side DC link voltage V dc1 and the voltage appearing in the primary winding 15a in both directions or in one direction.
  • a voltage appearing between both ends of the capacitor 18 is referred to as a secondary side DC link voltage V dc2 (secondary side DC voltage).
  • the AC / DC converter 13 transmits power while converting the secondary DC link voltage V dc2 and the voltage appearing in the secondary winding 15b in both directions or in one direction.
  • the voltage appearing between the secondary side terminals 27 and 28 is referred to as a secondary side AC terminal voltage V u2k .
  • the AC / DC converter 14 transmits power while converting the voltage V u2k between the secondary side AC terminals and the secondary side DC link voltage V dc2 in two directions or one direction.
  • FIG. 5 The primary-side AC terminal voltage V U1k shown in FIG. 5 is either ⁇ V max / N or 0. Since the secondary side is the same, the description is omitted.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the three-phase AC system, and is constituted by the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N shown in FIGS.
  • the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase terminals of the primary-side three-phase power supply system are U1, V1, and W1 and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase terminals of the secondary-side three-phase power supply system are U2.
  • V2, W2, and these neutral points are N1, N2.
  • neutral points N1 and N2 serve as primary and secondary reference terminals.
  • the primary side terminals 25 and 26 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) of the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N are sequentially connected in series.
  • Secondary side terminals 27 and 28 are sequentially connected in series between the neutral point N2 on the secondary side and the terminal U2.
  • the power converter device 1 is connected similarly to U phase.
  • FIG. 4A is an example of a waveform diagram of the primary side system voltage VS1.
  • FIG. 4B is an example of a waveform diagram of the secondary system voltage VS2.
  • the voltage V u1k between the primary side AC terminals of each converter cell is either ⁇ V max / N or 0, and the waveform of the voltage V u1k exhibits a three-level PWM aspect (in the modulation method).
  • PSPWM Phase Shift PWM
  • the derivation process is shown for the voltage V u1k for minimizing the current loss of the capacitor 17, but for the sake of simplicity, the influence of PWM is ignored and the voltage V u1k approximates a continuous waveform. That is, the actual voltage V u1k is modulated and pulsed by a carrier wave such as a triangular wave carrier.
  • a carrier wave such as a triangular wave carrier.
  • the capacitor loss is minimized by superimposing a compensation voltage of V 0 ⁇ a (t) on the fundamental wave voltage.
  • a (t) is an arbitrary function, and the function a (t) is derived from the following consideration.
  • the function a (t) is defined as a minimum loss function.
  • the current has an amplitude V 0 , an angular frequency ⁇ 0 , and a phase ⁇ .
  • the instantaneous power P U1k ( ⁇ 0 t) on the primary side of the converter cell 20-k is expressed by the following equation (3) by multiplying the above equations (1) and (2).
  • the instantaneous power of the V phase and the W phase is derived by shifting the phase of P U1k ( ⁇ 0 t) in the above equation (3) by ⁇ (2/3) ⁇ [rad.], And the following equations (4), ( 5).
  • the DC link inflow current I U1kdc where the capacitor is arranged is calculated. Assuming that the capacitor terminal voltage is equally V dc1 in each cell converter, the current I U1kdc is obtained by the following equation (6) by dividing the instantaneous power P U1k ( ⁇ 0 t) by the capacitor terminal voltage V dc1 .
  • equation (7) becomes the following equation (8).
  • the above equation (10) includes a DC component and a low-order harmonic component in addition to the fundamental component of ⁇ 0 t.
  • phase voltage V U1k V U1kLossmin that minimizes the three-phase capacitor loss sum is obtained by inserting the above equation (12) into the above equation (4) and the following equation (13).
  • the compensation voltage needs the following conditions 1 to 3.
  • the compensation voltage is an angular frequency of 3 ⁇ 0 , in other words, a third harmonic component is given.
  • Requirement 3 The alternating voltage given as the compensation voltage should be delayed by an angle 2 ⁇ .
  • condition 3 is a delay based on sin (3 ⁇ 0 t).
  • the compensation voltage satisfies the condition 1 not only by the third harmonic, but also by giving a 3N harmonic component when N is a natural number.
  • phase voltage including the V-phase and W-phase compensation voltages is derived by shifting the above-described expression (the phase of 13 by ⁇ (2/3) ⁇ rad [rad.], And becomes the following expressions (14) and (15).
  • the compensation voltage of the second term on the right side of each of the above equations (16) to (18) represents a neutral point voltage, and is represented by the following equation (19).
  • the loss is reduced (halved) by using the compensation voltage of the third harmonic component as described above as the output voltage of the cell converter in each phase.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a power conversion cell driving unit for causing the converter cell to generate a phase voltage that minimizes the loss sum of the capacitors. That is, FIG. 5 shows switching elements (in the AC / DC converters 11) of the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N so that the phase voltage is obtained by adding the minimum loss function a Lossmin (t) shown in the above equation (12). It is a block diagram which controls the gate of MOSFET. With reference to FIG. 5, the gate control of the switching element in the AC / DC converter 11 will be described. However, an example in which the electric motor is controlled by the secondary power supply system will be described.
  • the central processing unit 80 receives the primary side current value I, voltage value V, and electric motor rotation speed command Rs.
  • the primary-side current value I and voltage value V are collectively displayed for the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase current values and voltage values.
  • the central processing unit 80 calculates the d-axis current command value Id and the q-axis current command value Iq from the speed command value Rs, and the d-axis voltage command value Vd from the calculated d-axis current command value Id and q-axis current command value Iq. And q-axis voltage command value Vq.
  • the phase is converted from two phases to three phases, and voltage values Vu, Vv, and Vw are calculated.
  • the central processing unit 80 calculates the power factor angle (phase ⁇ ) of the primary side AC voltage using the current value I and the voltage value V, and calculates the calculated power factor angle (phase ⁇ ) and ⁇ 0 t. Using this, the minimum loss function a (t) shown in the equation (12) is calculated.
  • the minimum loss function a (t) corresponding to each phase is added to the voltage values Vu, Vv, and Vw described above, and voltage command values V U1 to V WN corresponding to the above equation (13) are calculated.
  • the calculated voltage command values V U1 to V WN are supplied to the gate driver 81, converted into gate control signals S U1 to S WN of the switching elements in the AC / DC converter 11, and supplied to the AC / DC converter 11.
  • the central processing unit tail 80 and the gate driver 81 constitute a power conversion cell driving unit.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an image in which the converter cells 20-k shown in FIG. 2 are connected in multiple stages, particularly focusing on the primary side.
  • phase voltage (phase-neutral point voltage) of the U1 phase shown in FIG. 6 is a sine wave indicated by a broken line before application of the present invention, that is, V max sin ⁇ 0 t.
  • the capacitor current in the converter cell 20-k is a sine wave of 2 ⁇ 0 component
  • the capacitor loss is a sine wave of 4 ⁇ 0 component. Anything before application of the present invention is indicated by a broken line.
  • phase voltage according to the first embodiment of the present invention has the waveform shown in the above equation (16), and the capacitor current and capacitor loss of each converter cell 20-k also follow this. Then, it turns out that the average value of a capacitor
  • This method consists of an arbitrary power factor angle ⁇ , and this is shown in FIG.
  • the AC / DC converter 11 is added so that the minimum loss function a (t) that minimizes the capacitor loss sum is added to the phase voltage and the phase voltage is obtained. Therefore, the voltage pulsation of the capacitor of the power converter can be suppressed and the loss of the capacitor can be reduced as a result of controlling the active power. Or the power converter which can reduce a volume and can be comprised cheaply is realizable.
  • the effect of the present invention can be maximized with the amplitude and phase of the compensation voltage shown in the converter cell voltage of the above equations (13) to (15) or the phase voltage of the equations (16) to (18).
  • the value is not limited to the values described here.
  • the voltage between the AC terminals on the primary side is the ground potential of the AC neutral point voltage
  • the compensation voltage has the amplitude of the ground potential of the AC neutral point voltage and the amplitude is 1 / of the phase voltage fundamental wave amplitude. It is near 2 and can be a sum of voltages including 3N-order harmonics.
  • Example 2 (Configuration of Example 2) Next, Example 2 will be described.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the power conversion apparatus 101 according to the second embodiment.
  • the power conversion apparatus 101 has N converter cells 20-1 to 20-N, as in the power conversion apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.
  • the internal configuration of each converter cell 20-k is the same as that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2).
  • the connection method of the primary side terminals 25 and 26 is different from that of the first embodiment. That is, in the second embodiment, the primary side reference terminal 33 is connected to the primary side terminal 26 of the converter cell 20-N, and the high voltage side terminal 35 of the primary side power supply system 31 is connected to the converter cell 20-1.
  • the primary side terminal 25 is connected.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram configured as a three-phase AC system by combining the power converters 101 of the second embodiment.
  • the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase terminals of the primary-side three-phase power supply system are U1, V1, and W1 and the secondary-side three-phase power supply system
  • the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase terminals are U2, V2, and W2, and the neutral points thereof are N1 and N2.
  • the primary terminals 25 and 26 (see FIG. 8) of the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N are sequentially connected in series between the primary terminal U1 and the neutral point N1.
  • secondary terminals 27 and 28 are sequentially connected in series between the secondary terminal U2 and the neutral point N2.
  • the power conversion device 101 is connected similarly to the U phase.
  • the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the minimum loss function a (t) that minimizes the capacitor loss sum is added to the phase voltage.
  • a common configuration is that the AC / DC converter 11 is controlled so as to be added to the voltage and to have the phase voltage.
  • Example 2 can also obtain the same effect as Example 2.
  • Example 3 Next, the power converter by Example 3 is demonstrated.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the power conversion device 300 according to the third embodiment.
  • the power conversion apparatus 300 has N (N is a natural number of 2 or more) converter cells 40-1 to 40-N.
  • Converter cell 40-k (where 1 ⁇ k ⁇ N) includes AC / DC converters 12, 13, and 14, capacitors 17 and 18, primary terminals 45 and 46, and secondary terminals 27 and 28, have.
  • the converter cell 40-k of the third embodiment is not provided with one corresponding to the AC / DC converter 11 (see FIG. 2) in the first embodiment, and both ends of the capacitor 17 are connected to the terminals 45 of the primary system. , 46.
  • the configuration of the converter cell 40-k other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2). That is, the converter cell 40-k transmits power while converting power in both directions or in one direction between the direct current at the primary side terminals 45 and 46 and the alternating current at the secondary side terminals 27 and 28.
  • the primary terminals 45 and 46 of the converter cells 40-1 to 40-N are sequentially connected in series, and a primary DC power supply system 61 (primary power supply system) is connected to these series circuits.
  • the secondary terminals 27 and 28 of the converter cells 20-1 to 20-N are sequentially connected in series, and the secondary power supply system 32 is connected to these series circuits.
  • the primary side DC power supply system 61 for example, DC power generation equipment such as a storage battery or various DC loads can be employed.
  • the side close to the ground potential is referred to as a primary side reference terminal 63, and the other is referred to as a terminal 65.
  • the negative terminal of the primary side DC power supply system 61 is the primary side reference terminal 63.
  • the terminal near the ground potential is called the secondary reference terminal 34, and the other is called the terminal 36. .
  • the primary side reference terminal 63 is connected to the primary side terminal 45 of the converter cell 40-1, and the secondary side reference terminal 34 is connected to the secondary side terminal 28 of the converter cell 40-N.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram configured as a three-phase AC system by combining the power conversion device 300 of the third embodiment.
  • the third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that the primary side is connected to the DC power supply, the terminals are P1 and N1, and the U-phase and V-phase of the secondary three-phase power supply system.
  • W-phase terminals are U2, V2, and W2, and these neutral points are N2 (note that N1 here is different from the neutral points of the first and second embodiments).
  • primary terminals 45 and 46 of the converter cells 40-1 to 40-N are sequentially connected in series between the primary terminal P1 and the terminal N1. Yes. Further, secondary terminals 27 and 28 (see FIG. 10) are sequentially connected in series between the secondary terminal U2 and the neutral point N2.
  • the power conversion device 300 is connected similarly to the U phase.
  • the first embodiment and the second embodiment are examples in which the loss is reduced with respect to the primary-side power supply.
  • the primary-side power supply in the third embodiment has a direct current amount
  • the third embodiment has a secondary power supply. This is an example of reducing the loss with respect to the power supply on the side.
  • the control method based on the relationship with respect to various voltages and currents on the secondary side and the above equations (13) to (18) is effective, and the central processing unit 80 shown in FIG.
  • the gate driver 81 is supplied to the gate control signal of the switching element in the secondary AC / DC converter 13.
  • Example 3 the same effects as in Examples 1 and 2 can be obtained.
  • Example 4 Next, the configuration of the power conversion device 110 according to the fourth embodiment will be described.
  • FIG. 12 is a connection diagram of the power converter 110. As shown in FIG. 12, the power converter 110 has 18 converter cells 20-1 to 20-18. Converter cell 20-1 has primary side circuit 21, secondary side circuit 22, and high-frequency transformer 15. The configuration of converter cells 20-2 to 20-18 is the same as that of converter cell 20-1. Hereinafter, converter cells 20-1 to 20-18 may be collectively referred to as “converter cell 20”.
  • the power conversion device 110 performs bidirectional or unidirectional power conversion between the primary side system 60 and the secondary side system 70 which are all three-phase AC systems.
  • the primary side system 60 includes a neutral line 60N, and an R-phase line 60R1, an S-phase line 60S1, and a T-phase line 60T1 in which R-phase, S-phase, and T-phase voltages appear.
  • the secondary system 70 includes a neutral wire 70N, a U-phase wire 70U2, a V-phase wire 70V2, and a W-phase wire 70W2 in which U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase voltages appear.
  • the primary side system 60 and the secondary side system 70 are independent of voltage amplitude, frequency, and phase.
  • the R-phase, S-phase, and T-phase voltages have a phase difference of (2 ⁇ / 3) from each other at the primary side frequency, and the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase voltages from each other at the secondary-side frequency. It has a phase difference of (2 ⁇ / 3).
  • various power generation facilities and power reception facilities such as a commercial power system, a solar power generation system, and a motor can be employed.
  • the primary terminals 25 and 26 and the secondary terminals 27 and 28 of the converter cell 20-1 are illustrated, but the illustration of the other converter cells 20-2 to 20-18 is omitted.
  • Primary terminals 25 and 26 of converter cells 20-1 to 20-6 are sequentially connected in series between R-phase line 60R1 and neutral line 60N of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the primary side terminals 25 and 26 of the converter cells 20-7 to 20-12 are sequentially connected in series between the T-phase line 60T1 of the three-phase AC voltage and the neutral line 60N.
  • the primary terminals 25 and 26 of the converter cells 20-13 to 20-18 are sequentially connected in series between the S-phase line 60S1 and the neutral line 60N of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the one connected between the V-phase line 70V2 of the three-phase AC voltage and the neutral line 70N is hatched. That is, between the V-phase line 70V2 and the neutral line 70N, converter cells 20-11, 20-12 (sixth power conversion cell), 20-15, 20-16 (eighth power conversion cell) ) And 20-1 and 20-2 (first power conversion cells) are connected in series.
  • the power conversion device 110 connects the primary side system 60 and the secondary side system 70 with the YY connection (YY connection).
  • Example 4 can also achieve the same effect as Example 1.
  • Example 5 Next, the structure of the power converter device by Example 5 is demonstrated.
  • FIG. 13 is a connection diagram of the power converter 120.
  • the power conversion device 120 has 18 converter cells 20-1 to 20-18 as in the fourth embodiment (see FIG. 12).
  • the configuration of each converter cell 20-1 to 20-18 is the same as that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2).
  • the power conversion device 120 performs bidirectional or unidirectional power conversion between the primary side system 62 and the secondary side system 70 which are all three-phase AC systems.
  • the primary side system 62 has an R-phase line 62R1, an S-phase line 62S1, and a T-phase line 62T1 in which R-phase, S-phase, and T-phase voltages appear, as in the example of FIG.
  • the configuration of the secondary side system 70 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • Primary terminals 25 and 26 (see FIG. 2) of converter cells 20-1 to 20-6 are sequentially connected in series between R-phase line 62R1 and T-phase line 62T1.
  • the primary side terminals of converter cells 20-7 to 20-12 are sequentially connected in series between the T-phase line 62T1 and the S-phase line 62S1.
  • primary terminals 25 and 26 of converter cells 20-13 to 20-18 are sequentially connected in series between S-phase line 62S1 and R-phase line 62R1.
  • connection relationship between the secondary terminals 27 and 28 of each converter cell 20 and the secondary system 70 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the power conversion device 120 connects the primary side system 62 and the secondary side system 70 with a ⁇ Y connection (delta-Y connection).
  • the same effect as that of the fourth embodiment can be obtained, and the application range can be expanded in that it can be applied to a three-phase three-wire primary side system 62 having no neutral wire.
  • the primary side is Y-connected and the secondary side is ⁇ -connected.
  • the primary side may be ⁇ -connected and the secondary side may be Y-connected.
  • Example 5 can also achieve the same effect as Example 1.
  • the power supply on the primary side is a DC amount, and is not applicable to the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a connection diagram of the power converter 130.
  • the power conversion device 130 has 15 converter cells as in the fourth embodiment (see FIG. 12).
  • the configuration of each converter cell 20 is the same as the example shown in FIG.
  • the power conversion device 130 performs one-way power conversion between the primary side system 57 and the secondary side system 59 that are all three-phase AC systems.
  • the converter cell includes an AC / DC converter 23a connected to the multiple transformer 58 and an AC / DC converter 14 (fourth AC / DC converter and a secondary converter).
  • the AC / DC converter 23a includes a three-phase diode bridge. Yes.
  • Example 6 As in Example 3, the relationship with respect to various voltages and currents on the secondary side and the control methods of equations (13) to (18) are effective.
  • Example 6 can also achieve the same effect as Example 1.
  • the power supply on the primary side is a multi-transformer type, and is not applicable to the present invention.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made.
  • the above-described embodiments are illustrated for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of a certain example can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of a certain embodiment. Further, it is possible to delete a part of the configuration of each embodiment, or to add or replace another configuration.
  • the control lines and information lines shown in the figure are those that are considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines that are necessary on the product are shown. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other. For example, possible modifications to the above embodiment are as follows.
  • a vacuum tube type element such as Off Thyristor), IEGT (Injection Enhanced Gate Transistor), or thyratron may be applied.
  • IEGT injection Enhanced Gate Transistor
  • thyratron may be applied.
  • any material such as Si, SiC, or GaN can be applied.
  • the AC / DC converters 11 to 14 in each of the above embodiments employ an H-bridge using a switching element so that power can be converted bidirectionally. However, if power can be converted in one direction, An H-bridge using a rectifying element may be applied to a part of the AC / DC converters 11 to 14.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a circuit diagram of an H bridge to which the rectifying elements D 1 to D 4 are applied.
  • FIG. 16A, 16B, and 16C are block diagrams of modified examples of the converter cell 20.
  • FIG. The AC / DC converters 11 to 14 shown in FIG. 2 employ an H-bridge using a switching element so that power can be converted bidirectionally. However, if the power can be converted in one direction, the AC / DC converters 11 to In part of 14, an H bridge using a rectifying element may be applied.
  • the configuration shown in FIG. 15 is an example in which the AC / DC converter 13 in FIG. 2 is replaced with an AC / DC converter to which four rectifying elements are applied.
  • the transformer potential difference V tr of the high-frequency transformer 15 (see FIG. 2) is the same as that in each of the above embodiments, so that the power converter can be configured in a small size and at low cost.
  • the rectifying elements D 1 to D 4 may be semiconductor diodes, vacuum tube type mercury rectifiers, or the like.
  • any material such as Si, SiC, or GaN can be applied.
  • FIG. 16A shows an example in which a capacitor 51 is inserted between the AC / DC converter 12 and the primary winding 15a, and a capacitor 52 is inserted between the AC / DC converter 13 and the secondary winding 15b.
  • FIG. 16B shows an example in which a capacitor 51 is inserted between the AC / DC converter 12 and the primary winding 15a
  • FIG. 16C shows a capacitor 52 between the AC / DC converter 13 and the secondary winding 15b. This is an example of insertion.
  • the high frequency transformer 15 applied to each of the above embodiments may be one designed so as to intentionally generate a leakage inductance.
  • Converter cell (third power conversion cell), 20-7, 20-8. ..Converter cell (fourth power conversion cell), 20-9, 20-10... Converter cell (fifth power conversion cell), 20-11, 20-12. Power conversion cell), 20-13, 20-14... Converter cell (seventh power conversion cell), 20-15, 20-16... Converter cell (eighth power conversion cell, 20-17, 10-18 ... Converter cell (9th power conversion cell), 21 ... Primary circuit, 22 ... Secondary circuit, 25, 26 ... Primary terminal, 27, 28 ..Secondary side terminal, 31 ... Primary side power supply system, 32 ... Secondary side power supply system, 40-1 to 40-N ... Converter cell, 45,46 ... Primary side terminal 61... Primary DC power supply system (primary power supply system) 60, 62... Primary System, 70 ... secondary systems, V dc1 ... primary DC link voltage (primary side DC voltage), V dc2 ... secondary DC link voltage (secondary side DC voltage)

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JP2015230555A (ja) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-21 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 自励式無効電力制御装置
JP2016019367A (ja) * 2014-07-08 2016-02-01 住友電気工業株式会社 電力変換装置及び三相交流電源装置
WO2016177399A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Abb Technology Ltd Converter arrangement
JP2017147812A (ja) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-24 株式会社日立製作所 電源装置およびその初充電制御方法

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JP5775033B2 (ja) * 2012-07-11 2015-09-09 株式会社日立製作所 電圧型電力変換装置の制御装置及び制御方法

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JP2015230555A (ja) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-21 国立大学法人 名古屋工業大学 自励式無効電力制御装置
JP2016019367A (ja) * 2014-07-08 2016-02-01 住友電気工業株式会社 電力変換装置及び三相交流電源装置
WO2016177399A1 (en) * 2015-05-05 2016-11-10 Abb Technology Ltd Converter arrangement
JP2017147812A (ja) * 2016-02-16 2017-08-24 株式会社日立製作所 電源装置およびその初充電制御方法

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