WO2019158518A1 - Circuit, système pour la mesure de distance et un véhicule - Google Patents

Circuit, système pour la mesure de distance et un véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019158518A1
WO2019158518A1 PCT/EP2019/053410 EP2019053410W WO2019158518A1 WO 2019158518 A1 WO2019158518 A1 WO 2019158518A1 EP 2019053410 W EP2019053410 W EP 2019053410W WO 2019158518 A1 WO2019158518 A1 WO 2019158518A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diode
circuit
stub
laser
cathode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/053410
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Bellingrath
Wolfgang Heinrich
Original Assignee
Thomas Bellingrath
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Bellingrath filed Critical Thomas Bellingrath
Publication of WO2019158518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019158518A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/217—Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers
    • H03F3/2176—Class E amplifiers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
    • H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
    • H01S5/0428—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor for applying pulses to the laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit, a distance determining system and a vehicle.
  • systems are often used to determine the distance, which include a laser and, for the pulsed driving of the laser, a pulse amplifier driver.
  • the circuit comprises a voltage source VO, a diode D1 and a load output for connecting a load ZL.
  • An anode of the diode D1 is connected to a first side of the voltage source VO.
  • the load output is connected to a cathode of the diode D1 via a capacitor CBT.
  • the circuit comprises a bootstrapping resistor RBT and a transistor T 1 which serves as a pulse amplifier driver transistor and whose source is connected to the load output.
  • the bootstrapping resistor RBT thereby connects the cathode of the diode D1 with a gate of the transistor T1.
  • a second terminal of the voltage source VO is connected to the drain of the transistor T1.
  • the holding current lin must be so large that at least the required for safe shutdown of the transistor T1 voltage swing is achieved at the resistor RBT, on the other hand, the resistor RBT must be small enough to reach the necessary switching speed when switching on. In the case of fast pulse amplifiers for pulses with a small duty cycle, as required for example for laser drivers, this leads to the fact that a continuous current is necessary to keep the pulse amplifier driver switched off. Due to switching speed specifications, this current must be in some cases so large that it contributes significantly to the power loss of the overall circuit. According to the invention, a circuit with potential-free output for driving a potential-free amplifier or switching element is proposed.
  • a pulse amplifier driver with the circuit according to the invention a bodybuilder for pulse amplifier circuits, a driver circuit, a system with a laser and / or a bodybuilder and a vehicle according to the system according to the invention are proposed.
  • the circuit comprises a pulsed current source, a first diode and a load output for connecting a load, wherein an anode of the first diode with a
  • Reference potential and the first side of the power source and the first pin of the load output are connected to a cathode of the first diode.
  • the circuit comprises a second diode, wherein a second pin of the load output is connected to a cathode of the second diode and an anode of the second diode is connected to a second side of the current source.
  • An impedance connects the cathode of the first diode to the cathode of the second diode.
  • the circuit further includes a stub that connects the cathode of the first diode to the anode of the second diode, wherein the stub is configured and / or arranged to prevent, attenuate, or suppress common mode reflections in the stub line to prevent the stub Reference potential for the running inside the stub electromagnetic wave can be varied without
  • Wave propagation in common mode of the two signal conductors of the stub line together leads to ground by reflection at the end of the stub line to interference.
  • the stub itself has a short circuit at the far end of the circuit
  • the drive can namely be inverted to avoid a quiescent current for the circuit.
  • a current flow in the drive is required only for the duration of the output pulse, so that in particular with a small duty cycle of the
  • the amplifier or switching element comprises at least one transistor, wherein the load output is connected to a source terminal of the at least one transistor, wherein a drain of the transistor with the second Side of the voltage source and a gate of the transistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode.
  • the amplifier or switching element may have two input terminals and two
  • Output terminals include, with the input side potential-free and the
  • Reference potential of the input side is determined by the output voltage.
  • One of the load outputs can be connected to one of the input connections via a feedback path.
  • the feedback path may include: a conductive connection, a capacitor, or other combination of devices that transmits a high bandwidth output potential change to the input, particularly one or more source follower stages.
  • the stub line is low-resistance or short-circuited.
  • the reference or phase conductor potential in the application is varied to match the signal reflected at the short or under termination after returning to the
  • Stub line input to implement a floating voltage source which represents functional negative impedance with delay by the reflection at the short-circuit end.
  • Common mode rejection may be accomplished, for example, by winding or folding the low capacitance stub of the outside of the outer conductor as a bulked element to ground, designing a high common mode impedance of the stub to ground, suppressing common mode excitation by ferrite bead at the circuit-side end of the spur line or implementation of the spur line as an inner part of a line type with third screen conductor, eg Triax or Twinax, where the common mode waveguide with an impedance close to the
  • the stub line can be wound or folded such that a longest electrically effective outer dimension of the stub line is small compared to the inner line length of the stub line.
  • the energy contained in the common mode with respect to ground can be reduced by high-impedance design of the common mode with respect to ground.
  • the stub may in particular comprise a twinax cable and / or a triax cable, wherein the outer outer conductor against the inner conductor according to the characteristic impedance is completed.
  • the terminating impedance can implement parts of the load resistance in terms of circuitry.
  • the stub line may comprise a ferrite bead on the input side, by means of which the supply of the common mode is attenuated or suppressed in the stub line.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows a third exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 6 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 7 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 9 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 10 shows an eighth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 11 shows a ninth exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 12 shows a tenth exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 13 shows an eleventh exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit for a pulse amplifier driver.
  • the circuit comprises a voltage source VO, a first diode D1 and a load output for connecting a load ZL.
  • An anode of the first diode D1 is connected to a first side of the voltage source VO.
  • the load output is connected to a cathode of the first diode D1.
  • the circuit for a pulse amplifier driver includes a second diode D2 and a stub TL.
  • the stub line TL connects the cathode of the first diode D1 to the anode of the second diode D2.
  • a second load output is connected to a cathode of the second diode D2 and an anode of the second diode D2 to a second side of the second diode D2
  • the stub line TL is designed and / or arranged such that reflections in the common mode of the stub line are attenuated or suppressed with respect to ground.
  • the circuit for a pulse amplifier driver further comprises an impedance ZT, which connects the cathode of the first diode D1 with the cathode of the second diode D2.
  • the circuit for a pulse amplifier driver in Figure 3 further includes, as an example of a floating amplifier or switching element, a normally-off transistor T1, wherein the load output is connected to a source terminal of the transistor T1.
  • a drain of the transistor T1 is connected to the second side of the voltage source VO and a gate of the transistor T1 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D2.
  • the T ransistor T 1 is locked.
  • a current is drawn for the duration of the desired output voltage pulse. This generates a voltage drop - lin - ZO at the input side terminal of the stub line.
  • the first diode D1 conducts and the second diode D2 blocks.
  • the resulting voltage wave passes through the stub line and is reflected in reverse at the short-circuited or low-impedance terminated end.
  • the input current can be switched off, so that the stub line TL now drives approximately a voltage + lin ⁇ ZO on the input terminal.
  • the second diode D2 is operated in the forward direction and the impedance ZT is formed
  • the transistor T1 can be driven inverted by the circuit according to the invention in comparison to the simple voltage drop of lin at a load resistor according to the prior art. An operating point adjustment of the switching element takes place when necessary by still adding circuit parts.
  • a current flow in the drive is required only for the duration of the output pulse, so that in particular with a small duty cycle of the
  • the circuit of the embodiment in Figure 4 further comprises a feedback path FBP with positive feedback, wherein the load output is connected via the feedback path FBP to the cathode of the first diode D1.
  • the transistor T1 which merely serves as an example of a potential-free amplifier or switching element, is self-blocking.
  • the feedback path may include, for example, a conductive connection, a resistor, a capacitor, a source follower or a combination of several such circuit parts.
  • Pulsvertownrtreibertreiber a capacitor CBT, wherein the load output is connected via the capacitor CBT to the cathode of the first diode D1. Since the feedback path thus transmits only changes of the potential, can be added by adding
  • Circuit parts a separate operating point setting for the input and output side transistor, eg for self-conducting types done.
  • An optional extension of this exemplary embodiment is a resistor RAP connected in parallel with the capacitor, which is shown in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the feedback path may also include other active components such as another
  • Sourcefolder included. This is shown in the embodiment of Figure 6. Here arise u. U. several - shown here: two - possible tapping points Voutl and Vout2 for the output voltage. Again, analogous to the preceding example, an AC coupling to the operating point setting is possible.
  • the circuit signal can be triggered by the current from a bipolar transistor having two cascodes, of which the upper one has the voltage stability necessary for the output voltage.
  • the first and second diodes may be implemented as Schottky diodes to minimize the forward voltage.
  • a drive can be effected for example via a bipolar transistor with bipolar cascode and further cascode consisting of a HEMT transistor.
  • the present invention relates to a short-circuited or similar low-resistance termination of a conductivity type with a clearly defined outer conductor or reference conductor (eg, coaxial, coplanar, grounded, striped, or the like), the outer / Reference potential conductor has floating reference potential, that is not identical to ground, the total capacitance between outer conductor and ground is kept small by compact design and the way of wave propagation inside by wound or folded arrangement is designed such that the longest electrically effective outer dimension of Stub line is small compared to the line length inside the stub line.
  • the potential of the outer conductor may then be varied by bootstrapping, for example, to provide an input-free amplifier or switching element, e.g. to control a transistor in source follower configuration by bootstrapping.
  • the present invention relates to a shorted or similar low resistance stub whose common mode is not a lumped element, but in which common mode reflections are otherwise reduced, either by Completion of wave propagation in common mode (eg a triax line where the two inner conductors implement the shorted stub and the outer line
  • External conductor or the common mode to ground eg a balanced line with high common-mode impedance or ferrite bead suppressed common-mode impedance Feeding, with the outer conductor to ground floating coax line geometrically far from ground or not necessarily designed as a waveguide high impedance to ground), so that little energy is stored in a common mode wave propagation respectively the reactive impedance.
  • the financial statements may partially or completely replace the burden of the source follower.
  • a capacitor may be replaced by a conductive connection in the case of a normally-off transistor.
  • the limitation of the possible output pulse width can, as shown in FIG. 8, be canceled out by multiplexing a plurality of elements in order to drive signals whose
  • Pulse width is not limited in time, for example, for use in supply modulators for power amplifiers, as a modulator driver or for pulsed measurement.
  • Figure 1 1 shows a building carrier 1 1f and a laser 1 1 g.
  • the laser is simplified cuboid shown, but may alternatively have the shape of a general prism or general cylinder.
  • the build-up substrate for a laser whose electrodes extend at different locations along the circumference of the length (eg, bar laser): by (eg, partially) embedding the laser in recesses 11a or 1 1 b or attaching to contact regions 1 1 c, 1 1 d (eg planar side surfaces) of the mounting substrate with a conductive connection, the supply line currents in the layer structure can flow in opposite directions over a wide range, which can reduce the lead inductance.
  • Conductor planes of the signals alternately present in the layer structure are then sorted out according to signal type as far as the surface of the building support 1 1 e, 1 1j and after insertion of the laser - if necessary with additional conductive material 12d
  • FIG. 12 shows a building carrier with an inserted laser and one attached to the edge, each connected in a conductive manner.
  • FIG. 13 shows a laser with associated build-up substrate with longitudinal sectioning of an electrode of the laser.
  • the electrodes of which at least one is to be connected separately within a plurality of longitudinal sections 13b, 13c and its electrodes extend in each case at different points of the circumference of the length, this can be realized inductively low with a body builder according to claim 1 1.
  • a feedback loop is implemented via follower stages.
  • the circuit for a pulse amplifier driver PVT may be used in a system to drive (optionally via one or more source follower or emitter follower stages SFS, EFS) an output stage AGS and thus a laser LAS to form short optical pulses to create.
  • a LIDAR system such as a flash LIDAR, which is characterized in that scene illumination with semiconductor laser LAS and optical system OPT is realized, can be driven by the pulse amplifier driver PVT.
  • Such a system can be used, for example, for distance determination, for example in a vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Circuit pour la commande d'un élément amplificateur ou de commutation libre de potentiel comprenant une source de tension (V0), une première diode (D1) et une sortie de charge pour la connexion d'une charge (ZL). Une anode de la première diode (D1) est connectée à un potentiel de référence et à un premier côté de la source de tension et la première broche de la sortie de charge est connectée à une cathode de la première diode (D1). La deuxième broche de la sortie de charge est connectée à une cathode de la deuxième diode (D2) et une anode de la deuxième diode (D2) est connectée à un deuxième côté de la source de tension. Une impédance (ZT) connecte la cathode de la première diode (D1) à la cathode de la deuxième diode (D2). Le circuit comprend une deuxième diode (D2) et une ligne de dérivation (TL) qui connecte la cathode de la première diode (D1) à l'anode de la deuxième diode (D2). La ligne de dérivation (TL) est conçue et/ou disposée de telle façon que des réflexions en mode commun sont empêchées, atténuées ou supprimées.
PCT/EP2019/053410 2018-02-16 2019-02-12 Circuit, système pour la mesure de distance et un véhicule WO2019158518A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018103518.7A DE102018103518B3 (de) 2018-02-16 2018-02-16 Schaltung, System zur Entfernungsbestimmung und ein Fahrzeug
DE102018103518.7 2018-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019158518A1 true WO2019158518A1 (fr) 2019-08-22

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PCT/EP2019/053410 WO2019158518A1 (fr) 2018-02-16 2019-02-12 Circuit, système pour la mesure de distance et un véhicule

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DE (1) DE102018103518B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019158518A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006036167A1 (de) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-14 Laserline Gesellschaft für Entwicklung und Vertrieb von Diodenlasern mbH Schaltungsanordnung zum gepulsten Ansteuern einer Laserdiodenanordnung
WO2016187566A2 (fr) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Quantum-Si Incorporated Sources optiques pour une analyse de durée de vie de fluorescence

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10059585A1 (de) 2000-11-30 2002-06-06 Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh Elektrische Schaltung und Verfahren zur Pulsmodulation eines Trägersignals
JP2004194301A (ja) 2002-11-29 2004-07-08 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc 起動信号出力回路及び判定回路

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006036167A1 (de) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-14 Laserline Gesellschaft für Entwicklung und Vertrieb von Diodenlasern mbH Schaltungsanordnung zum gepulsten Ansteuern einer Laserdiodenanordnung
WO2016187566A2 (fr) * 2015-05-20 2016-11-24 Quantum-Si Incorporated Sources optiques pour une analyse de durée de vie de fluorescence

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