WO2019151211A1 - 全熱交換器エレメント用原紙 - Google Patents
全熱交換器エレメント用原紙 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019151211A1 WO2019151211A1 PCT/JP2019/002885 JP2019002885W WO2019151211A1 WO 2019151211 A1 WO2019151211 A1 WO 2019151211A1 JP 2019002885 W JP2019002885 W JP 2019002885W WO 2019151211 A1 WO2019151211 A1 WO 2019151211A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- base paper
- paper
- heat exchanger
- total heat
- calcium chloride
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/02—Chemical or chemomechanical or chemothermomechanical pulp
- D21H11/04—Kraft or sulfate pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0015—Heat and mass exchangers, e.g. with permeable walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/003—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials for domestic or space-heating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a base paper for elements of a total heat exchanger.
- heat exchanger heat exchange ventilator
- a heat exchange ventilator that exchanges heat between supply air and exhaust during ventilation
- a heat exchanger what has a total heat exchanger element (henceforth an element) is widely employ
- a plurality of partition plates (liners) are stacked via a spacer to partition an air supply path for introducing outdoor air into the room and an exhaust path for discharging indoor air to the outdoor.
- the liner part of the total heat exchanger element that performs heat exchange of latent heat (humidity) simultaneously with sensible heat (temperature) needs to have both heat transfer and moisture permeability. Paper is used.
- the base paper used for the total heat exchanger element particularly the base paper used for the liner portion, in addition to heat transfer and moisture permeability, high heat resistance (flame resistance) and air supply through the liner Gas barrier properties (mainly CO 2 barrier properties) are required so that exhaust gases do not mix.
- high heat resistance flame resistance
- air supply through the liner Gas barrier properties mainly CO 2 barrier properties
- Patent Document 1 describes that moisture absorbing / releasing powder (for example, silica gel, alumina, etc.) is blended to improve moisture absorbing / releasing properties.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a raw paper having excellent gas shielding properties is obtained by using a raw material having a high beating degree.
- Patent Document 3 describes a base paper for a total heat exchanger element having a high flameproof property, a high gas barrier property, and a high CO 2 barrier property by containing a predetermined amount of calcium chloride in a paper base material. Yes.
- the base paper for the total heat exchanger element is required to have a structure having both flameproofing properties and high heat exchange efficiency.
- various moisture absorbents and moisture absorbent powders are used.
- Body formulation has been studied. However, it has been impossible to establish a blended formulation that has an excellent balance between flameproofing and heat exchange efficiency, has a good balance of productivity, cost, etc., and has high moisture permeability.
- Patent Document 2 a technique for obtaining an element base paper having excellent gas barrier properties by advancing beating of the base paper is disclosed.
- setting the base paper to a high beating rate not only reduces the production efficiency during papermaking, but also makes the obtained base paper brittle, which may cause problems during element production.
- Patent Document 3 a technique for obtaining flameproofness and high gas barrier properties by applying calcium chloride is described, but a base paper having a moisture permeability exceeding 2500 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr has not been obtained.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a base paper for a total heat exchanger element that has a low basis weight, has a high moisture permeability, has an appropriate moisture absorption rate, and is excellent in flame resistance and gas barrier properties. To do.
- the present inventors set the freeness of the paper base to a specific range and manage the content of calcium chloride within a predetermined range while having a low basis weight.
- the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention has the following configuration.
- Total heat exchanger element base paper containing calcium chloride in a paper base material wherein the paper base material is measured according to JIS P 8121, except that the amount of pulp collected is 0.3 g / L
- the free base contains 200 to 600 ml of pulp, the absolute dry basis weight of the paper substrate is 17 g / m 2 or more and less than 23 g / m 2 , and the calcium chloride content is 6 g / m 2 or more,
- the anti-blocking agent containing a wax selected from polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, polyethylene wax emulsion, oxidized polyethylene wax and paraffin wax, containing 0.0001 g / m 2 or more (1) to The base paper for a total heat exchanger element according to any one of (5).
- the base paper for a total heat exchanger element of the present invention has a low moisture permeation, a high moisture permeability, an appropriate moisture absorption rate, and an excellent flameproofing and gas barrier property.
- the base paper for a total heat exchanger element of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “element base paper”) is a paper base containing a predetermined amount of calcium chloride.
- element base paper a paper base containing a predetermined amount of calcium chloride.
- the paper base of the present invention is mainly composed of pulp.
- the types of pulp used as the raw material for the paper base include, for example, softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP), softwood kraft pulp (NKP), hardwood bleached kraft pulp (LBKP), hardwood kraft pulp (LKP), groundwood pulp ( GP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP), deinked pulp (DIP), and other wood pulps. These pulps can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the pulp cooking method and bleaching method are not particularly limited.
- softwood bleached kraft pulp NNKP
- the ratio of the softwood bleached kraft pulp in the pulp is preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 100% by mass.
- non-wood pulp such as hemp pulp, kenaf and bamboo
- materials other than pulp fibers such as rayon fibers, nylon fibers, and other heat fusion fibers, can be blended as auxiliary materials.
- the irregular freeness of the pulp constituting the paper base is set in the range of 200 to 600 ml.
- the irregular freeness means freeness measured according to JIS P 811-2: 2012 except that the amount of pulp collected is changed from 3 g / L to 0.3 g / L.
- the irregular freeness of the pulp constituting the paper base is more preferably in the range of 350 to 500 ml.
- the element base paper can be held at a high level of gas barrier properties and CO 2 barrier properties while having a low mechanical weight and a practical mechanical strength.
- the irregular freeness is less than 200 ml, it takes time for beating in actual machine operation, and the dewaterability during papermaking deteriorates, which may reduce the operation efficiency. Also, the paper itself may become brittle.
- the irregular freeness exceeds 600 ml, it may be difficult to develop the CO 2 barrier property while maintaining thinning.
- the beating method and the beating apparatus of the pulp to be used are not particularly limited, but a double disc refiner (DDR) having high beating efficiency is preferably used.
- DDR double disc refiner
- Various internal additives for papermaking can be added to the pulp slurry obtained by beating.
- Examples of internal additives include paper strength enhancers, wet paper strength enhancers, sulfate bands, cationized starch, and various fixing agents.
- the element base paper has high hygroscopicity, it is preferable to add a wet paper strength agent from the viewpoint of maintaining strength.
- the pulp slurry thus prepared is paper-made according to a conventional method, and the paper base of the element base paper of the present invention can be obtained.
- the absolute dry basis weight of the paper substrate is 17 g / m 2 or more and less than 23 g / m 2 , and preferably 19 to 22 g / m 2 .
- the absolute dry basis weight of the paper base is a basis weight after being dried by heating in an oven at 105 ° C. for 2 hours in accordance with JIS P 8127: 2010. By setting it as a low basic weight, the improvement of heat exchange efficiency can be aimed at and a water vapor transmission rate can be raised further.
- Element base paper can be obtained by including calcium chloride in a paper substrate.
- Calcium chloride functions not only as a hygroscopic agent but also as a flame retardant (flame retardant).
- Other examples of the hygroscopic agent include lithium chloride, urea, carrageenan, alginic acid, alginate, and the like, and can be used in combination with calcium chloride as necessary.
- the content of calcium chloride in the element base paper is 6 g / m 2 or more and less than 9 g / m 2 , and preferably 7 to 8 g / m 2 .
- the paper base material has a low basis weight, as described above, and has an appropriate moisture absorption rate, and can be used as an element base paper having excellent flameproofing properties. It becomes possible.
- the content of calcium chloride is less than 6 g / m 2 , not only the hygroscopicity is insufficient, but the flameproofing effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited.
- the content of calcium chloride in the element base paper is the mass X after drying the element base paper, and the mass after drying the element base paper after washing the element base paper with running water to remove calcium chloride.
- Y basis weight (g / m 2 ) of element base paper (mass after being heated and dried in an oven at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes)
- Y basis weight (g / m 2 ) of base paper for element after calcium chloride is washed away with water (mass after being heated and dried in an oven at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes)
- the element base paper contains an antiblocking agent.
- an antiblocking agent containing a wax selected from polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, polyethylene wax emulsion, oxidized polyethylene wax and paraffin wax is preferable.
- Other anti-blocking agents include metal soaps such as silicone resins and higher fatty acid calcium salts. These antiblocking agents can be used alone or in appropriate combination in consideration of the compatibility with calcium chloride and the antiblocking effect.
- the element base paper In order to make the element base paper exhibit an anti-blocking effect, it is preferable to contain 0.0001 g / m 2 or more of an anti-blocking agent in the element base paper. On the other hand, if an element containing base paper contains an anti-blocking agent excessively, dirt is generated in the drying step. Therefore, the content of the anti-blocking agent is preferably 0.01 g / m 2 or less.
- the gas barrier property can be further improved.
- the polymer resin used for improving the gas barrier property include water-soluble resins such as PVA and starch, latexes such as SBR, and acrylic resins.
- a coating method such as a coating method, an impregnation method, and a spraying method for adding a polymer resin to the element base paper, which can be appropriately selected and used.
- a method of performing a size press by an on-machine of a paper machine is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity, as in the method of adding calcium chloride described later. That is, a method in which a polymer resin is further added to a calcium chloride aqueous solution described later and added simultaneously is preferable.
- the element base paper is preferably as thin as possible from the viewpoints of heat exchange efficiency and thermal conductivity. Specifically, the element base paper is more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less in thickness.
- the element base paper has a higher density because heat exchange efficiency is generally higher.
- the density of the element base paper is preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.2 g / cm 3 from the viewpoint of heat exchange efficiency and gas barrier properties, and 1.05 to 1.15 g / cm 3. A range of 3 is more preferable.
- the basis weight is preferably 40 g / m 2 or less, and more preferably 37 g / m 2 or less.
- the element base paper has a low basis weight, it is possible to reduce the weight of the element, and it is possible to increase the number of stacked layers of elements in the total heat exchanger. Increasing the number of stacked layers of elements is effective for improving heat exchange efficiency.
- Moisture permeability is effective as an index of moisture absorption / release properties and heat exchange efficiency of the element base paper.
- the moisture permeability is measured according to JIS Z 0208: 1976. The specific measurement conditions of moisture permeability are described in the measurement method of the Example mentioned later.
- a larger value of moisture permeability means that heat exchange efficiency is better, which is preferable.
- a moisture permeability at a relative humidity of 65% is preferably 2600g / m 2 ⁇ 24hr or more, more preferably 3000g / m 2 ⁇ 24hr or more.
- the temperature 20 ° C., moisture permeability 2600g / m 2 ⁇ 24hr or more at a relative humidity of 65% still it is possible to achieve the above 3000g / m 2 ⁇ 24hr.
- the moisture absorption rate of the element base paper is preferably controlled within a range of 31% to 40%. If the moisture absorption rate of the element base paper is less than 31%, the moisture permeability is lowered, and the heat exchange efficiency may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the moisture absorption rate of the element base paper exceeds 40%, there is a risk of condensation or dripping.
- Element base paper must have sufficient gas barrier properties in order not to mix intake and exhaust.
- the gas barrier properties the CO 2 barrier property is particularly important.
- the gas barrier property correlates with the air permeability (J. TAPPI-5's Oken air permeability method). If the element base paper has an air permeability of 50 sec or more, it has sufficient gas barrier properties and CO 2 barrier properties, and can be suitably used as element base paper without the need for separate coating processing. It is.
- the method for incorporating calcium chloride into the paper substrate is not particularly limited.
- calcium chloride can be contained in a paper base material by using an aqueous calcium chloride solution instead of water in an on-machine size press device or a spray device of a paper machine. Further, it is possible to immerse the calcium chloride aqueous solution in the paper substrate by an off-machine impregnation machine and dry it. In consideration of operability and productivity, a method of impregnating an aqueous calcium chloride solution in an on-machine size press apparatus is preferable.
- the type of the paper machine is not particularly limited, such as a long paper machine, a short paper machine, etc., but it is preferable to use an on-machine size press machine or an impregnation machine. .
- rust may be generated by calcium chloride. Therefore, it is preferable to add a water-soluble rust preventive to the calcium chloride aqueous solution.
- a water-soluble rust preventive agent it is preferable to select a non-nitrite type in consideration of environmental safety.
- the amount of the rust inhibitor added to the aqueous calcium chloride solution is not particularly limited, but the aqueous solution concentration is preferably within the range of 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the base paper for element becomes dense and at the same time the thickness decreases.
- the gas barrier property is improved by the high density.
- the effect that heat conductivity rises and heat exchange efficiency rises by thickness reducing is also acquired.
- Example 1 100% of softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) was beaten with an actual machine DDR so that the irregular freeness (pulp collection amount 0.3 g / L) was 450 ml.
- the polyacrylamide type paper strength agent Polystron 117, manufactured by Arakawa Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin type wet paper strength agent Arafix 255, Arakawa
- sulfuric acid band were added.
- the raw material obtained above is paper-made with a long paper machine, impregnated and dried with a size press liquid 1 containing calcium chloride by an on-machine size press, and dried.
- An element base paper was obtained by calendering.
- the basis weight of the obtained paper substrate was 20 g / m 2 when it was absolutely dry, and the adhesion amount of calcium chloride was 6.5 g / m 2 .
- Example 2 An element base paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the size press solution 2 prepared as described below was used and the amount of calcium chloride deposited was 8 g / m 2 .
- Example 3 Element base paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the basis weight of the base paper was 22 g / m 2 by absolutely drying.
- Example 4 Element base paper was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100% of softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) was changed to 30% of softwood bleached kraft pulp (NBKP) and 70% of hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP).
- NNKP softwood bleached kraft pulp
- LKP hardwood kraft pulp
- the rust inhibitor used in the above examples and comparative examples is Metallex ANK (manufactured by Yuka Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a non-nitrite rust inhibitor, and the used anti-blocking agent is a polyethylene wax emulsion PEM- 18 (manufactured by San Nopco).
- Density The basis weight of the element base paper was measured according to JIS P8124: 2011 (23 ° C. ⁇ 50% condition), and the density was calculated from the thickness of the element base paper according to JIS P8118: 2014.
- Flameproofing property Measured according to JIS Z 2150 (flameproofing 1 to 3). When the flameproofness was 1st grade or 2nd grade, it was judged that the flameproofness was excellent.
- Air permeability J.M. Measured according to the TAPPI-5 Oken air permeability method.
- CO 2 barrier property Using a 12 cm square element base paper as a partition plate, a measuring apparatus including a container A for testing high concentration CO 2 and a container B for measuring CO 2 concentration was used. Under normal temperature and normal pressure conditions, 2000 ppm of CO 2 was sealed in the container A and left for 15 minutes, and then the CO 2 concentration in the container B was measured using a CO 2 analyzer. The amount of CO 2 permeated through the element base paper for 15 minutes is determined as the CO 2 concentration in the container B. When the CO 2 concentration in the container B was 26 ppm or less, it was determined that the CO 2 barrier property of the element base paper was good.
- the base paper for elements of Examples 1 to 4 uses a paper base material made of a predetermined pulp, the absolute dry basis weight of the paper base material is set to a predetermined value, and the content of calcium chloride. Is a predetermined range.
- the moisture permeability was 2600 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 hr or more, the moisture absorption rate was appropriate, the flame resistance was second grade, and excellent gas barrier properties and CO 2 barrier properties could be achieved.
- the base paper for element of Comparative Example 1 had a large absolute dry basis weight of the paper base and a slightly large thickness, so that the moisture absorption rate was smaller than the preferred range and the moisture permeability was small. Since the element base paper of Comparative Example 2 has a low calcium chloride content, the flameproof property is inferior, and the moisture absorption rate is smaller than the preferred range and the moisture permeability is also small. Since the element base paper of Comparative Example 3 has a high calcium chloride content, the moisture absorption rate is high, and there is a concern that condensation and rust are generated. The base paper for element of Comparative Example 4 had a low absolute basis weight of the paper substrate and was inferior in flameproofing.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2には、高叩解度の原料を使用することで、気体遮蔽性の優れた原紙を得ることが記載されている。
特許文献3には、紙基材に対して塩化カルシウムを所定量含有させることにより、高い防炎性、高ガスバリア性、高CO2バリア性を有した全熱交換器エレメント用原紙が記載されている。
本発明の紙基材は、主としてパルプから構成されている。紙基材の原料として使用されるパルプの種類としては、例えば、針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)、針葉樹クラフトパルプ(NKP)、広葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(LBKP)、広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LKP)、砕木パルプ(GP)、サーモメカニカルパルプ(TMP)、ケミサーモメカニカルパルプ(CTMP)、脱墨パルプ(DIP)等の木材パルプが挙げられる。これらのパルプは、1種単独、または2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。パルプの蒸解方法や漂白方法は特に限定されない。これらのパルプの中でも、原紙の強度を向上させ、CO2バリア性等の発現効果を向上させるため、針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)を含有することが好ましい。パルプに占める針葉樹晒クラフトパルプの割合は、80質量%以上が好ましく、100質量%であることがより好ましい。
エレメント用原紙は、紙基材に塩化カルシウムを含有させることにより得ることができる。塩化カルシウムは、吸湿剤としてだけでなく、防炎剤(難燃剤)としても機能する。吸湿剤としては他にも、塩化リチウム、尿素、カラギーナン、アルギン酸、アルギン酸塩等が挙げられ、必要に応じて、塩化カルシウムと併用することもできる。
塩化カルシウムの含有量(g/m2)=X-Y
ここで、
X=エレメント用原紙の坪量(g/m2)(120℃のオーブンで10分間加熱乾燥後の質量)
Y=塩化カルシウムを水洗除去した後のエレメント用原紙の坪量(g/m2)(120℃のオーブンで10分間加熱乾燥後の質量)
紙基材に塩化カルシウムを添加することにより、紙基材の保水性が高くなる。そうすると、ブロッキングが発生し易くなり、製造時の各工程においてロールからの剥離が問題となることがある。そのため、ブロッキングの発生を防止して、製造時の各工程におけるロールの剥離性を改善するために、エレメント用原紙には、ブロッキング防止剤を含有させることが好ましい。
エレメント用原紙に、高分子樹脂を含有させることによって、更にガスバリア性の向上を図ることができる。ガスバリア性を向上させるために使用される高分子樹脂としては、PVA、デンプン等の水溶性樹脂、SBRなどのラテックス類、アクリル系樹脂等を挙げることができる。
(厚さ)
エレメント用原紙は、熱交換効率や熱伝導率の観点から、厚さが薄いものほど好ましい。具体的には、エレメント用原紙は、厚さを40μm以下とすることがより好ましい。
エレメント用原紙は、密度が高い方が、概して熱交換効率が高くなり好ましい。具体的には、エレメント用原紙の密度は、熱交換効率やガスバリア性の観点からは、0.9~1.2g/cm3の範囲であることが好ましく、1.05~1.15g/cm3の範囲であることがより好ましい。
エレメント用原紙は、所定のガスバリア性を有する前提であれば、低坪量であるほど好ましい。具体的には坪量40g/m2以下であることが好ましく、37g/m2以下であることがより好ましい。エレメント用原紙が低坪量であると、エレメントの軽量化を図ることができ、さらに全熱交換器内においてエレメントの積層段数を増加させることが可能となる。エレメントの積層段数を増加させることは、熱交換効率の向上に有効である。
エレメント用原紙の吸放湿性、熱交換効率の指標としては、透湿度が有効である。透湿度は、JIS Z 0208:1976に準じて測定される。透湿度の具体的な測定条件は、後記する実施例の測定方法に記載されている。エレメント用原紙は、透湿度の数値が大きい方が熱交換効率に優れていることを意味しており、好ましい。透湿度の目安として、温度20℃、相対湿度65%における透湿度が2600g/m2・24hr以上であることが好ましく、3000g/m2・24hr以上であることがより好ましい。
本実施形態のエレメント用原紙は、温度20℃、相対湿度65%における透湿度2600g/m2・24hr以上、さらには3000g/m2・24hr以上を達成することが可能である。
エレメント用原紙の吸湿率は、31%以上、40%以下の範囲内でコントロールすることが好ましい。エレメント用原紙の吸湿率が31%未満では、透湿度が低下して、熱交換効率が不十分となるおそれがある。一方、エレメント用原紙の吸湿率が40%を超えると、結露や液ダレのおそれがある。
吸湿率は、下記式で算出される。
吸湿率(%)={(A-B)/B}×100
ここで、A=試料質量(20℃、65%RH条件下の質量)、
B=試料絶乾質量(105℃のオーブンで2時間加熱乾燥後の質量)
エレメント用原紙においては、吸気と排気を混合させないため、十分なガスバリア性を有する必要がある。ガスバリア性の中でも特にCO2バリア性が重要である。
ガスバリア性は、透気度(J.TAPPI―5の王研式透気度法)と相関性がある。透気度が50sec以上であるエレメント用原紙であれば、十分なガスバリア性、及びCO2バリア性を有し、別途塗工処理等の加工を行わなくても、エレメント用原紙として好適に使用可能である。
紙基材へ塩化カルシウムを含有させる方法は特に限定されない。例えば、抄紙機のオンマシンサイズプレス装置やスプレー装置等において、水の代わりに、塩化カルシウム水溶液を使用することにより、紙基材へ塩化カルシウムを含有させることができる。また、オフマシンの含浸機によって紙基材に塩化カルシウム水溶液を浸漬させ、乾燥する方法も可能である。操業性、生産性を考慮すれば、オンマシンのサイズプレス装置において塩化カルシウム水溶液を含浸させる方法が好ましい。
針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)100%を実機DDRにて、変則フリーネス(パルプ採取量0.3g/L)が450mlになるように叩解した。
内添薬品としては、パルプ質量に対し、絶乾でポリアクリルアミド系紙力剤(ポリストロン117、荒川化学工業社製)0.5%、ポリアミドポリアミンエピクロルヒドリン系湿潤紙力剤(アラフィックス255、荒川化学工業社製)0.5%、硫酸バンド0.5%を添加した。
得られた紙基材の坪量は絶乾で20g/m2、塩化カルシウムの付着量は6.5g/m2であった。
塩化カルシウム:30%
防錆剤:2%(固形分濃度)
ブロッキング防止剤:0.02%(固形分濃度)
下記のように調製したサイズプレス液2を使用して、塩化カルシウムの付着量を8g/m2とした以外、実施例1と同様にしてエレメント用原紙を得た。
塩化カルシウム:35%
防錆剤:2%(固形分濃度)
ブロッキング防止剤:0.02%(固形分濃度)
基材紙の坪量を絶乾で22g/m2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、エレメント用原紙を得た。
針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)100%を針葉樹晒クラフトパルプ(NBKP)30%、広葉樹クラフトパルプ(LBKP)70%とした以外は実施例1と同様にしてエレメント用原紙を得た。
基材紙の坪量を絶乾で35g/m2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、エレメント用原紙を得た。
下記のように調製したサイズプレス液3を使用して、塩化カルシウムの塗工量を2g/m2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエレメント用原紙を得た。
[サイズプレス液3]
塩化カルシウム:10%
防錆剤:2%(固形分濃度)
ブロッキング防止剤:0.02%(固形分濃度)
下記のように調製したサイズプレス液4を使用して、塩化カルシウムの塗工量を11g/m2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にしてエレメント用原紙を得た。
[サイズプレス液4]
塩化カルシウム:39%
防錆剤:2%(固形分濃度)
ブロッキング防止剤:0.02%(固形分濃度)
基材紙の坪量を絶乾で16g/m2とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、エレメント用原紙を得た。
その結果を表1に示す。
1.エレメント用原紙の厚さ:JIS P8118:2014に準拠して測定した。
透湿度=(a+b)/2
ここで、a=測定開始1時間後の質量増分
b=測定開始1時間後から測定開始2時間後の1時間の質量増分
吸湿率(%)={(A-B)/B}*100
ここで、A=試料質量(20℃×65%RH条件下の質量)
B=試料絶乾質量(105℃のオーブンで2時間加熱乾燥後の質量)
防炎性が1級または2級のとき防炎性に優れていると判定した。
Claims (6)
- 紙基材に塩化カルシウムを含有させた全熱交換器エレメント用原紙であって、
前記紙基材は、パルプ採取量を0.3g/Lとした以外はJIS P 8121に準じて測定したフリーネスが200~600mlのパルプを含有し、
前記紙基材の絶乾坪量が、17g/m2以上、23g/m2未満であり、
前記塩化カルシウムの含有量が6g/m2以上、9g/m2未満であることを特徴とする全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。 - 厚さが40μm以下である請求項1に記載の全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。
- 密度が0.9~1.2g/cm3である請求項1または請求項2に記載の全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。
- 温度20℃、相対湿度65%における透湿度が、2600g/m2・24hr以上である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。
- 前記パルプに占める針葉樹晒クラフトパルプの割合が80質量%以上である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。
- ポリエチレン系ワックス、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ポリエチレン系ワックス乳化物、酸化ポリエチレン系ワックスおよびパラフィンワックスから選ばれるワックスを含有するブロッキング防止剤を、0.0001g/m2以上含有する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の全熱交換器エレメント用原紙。
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