WO2019149104A1 - 一种功率模块冗余取能电路及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种功率模块冗余取能电路及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019149104A1
WO2019149104A1 PCT/CN2019/072533 CN2019072533W WO2019149104A1 WO 2019149104 A1 WO2019149104 A1 WO 2019149104A1 CN 2019072533 W CN2019072533 W CN 2019072533W WO 2019149104 A1 WO2019149104 A1 WO 2019149104A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
power
capacitor
power module
switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/072533
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢晔源
李海英
姜田贵
朱铭炼
曹冬明
张中锋
Original Assignee
南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 南京南瑞继保工程技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司
Priority to CA3089494A priority Critical patent/CA3089494A1/en
Priority to US16/966,459 priority patent/US11264891B2/en
Priority to EP19747889.4A priority patent/EP3731392B1/en
Priority to KR1020207025038A priority patent/KR102379353B1/ko
Priority to JP2020542011A priority patent/JP6999043B2/ja
Priority to DK19747889.4T priority patent/DK3731392T3/da
Priority to RU2020127972A priority patent/RU2741338C1/ru
Publication of WO2019149104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019149104A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006—Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Definitions

  • the voltage source converter technology is a new commutation technology based on IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology.
  • IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • two-level converters consisting of IGBTs have been widely used to solve the high-frequency transition of their converter output voltage, resulting in high equipment stress, high system losses, high noise and harsh electromagnetic environment.
  • three-level voltage source converters have been proposed to extend the application of voltage source converters in voltage class and capacity.
  • MMC Modular Multilevel Converter
  • the voltage source converter is made up of a series of power modules connected in series. When the power module fails, the bypass switch is closed, the faulty unit is cut off, and the system is not stopped.
  • the invention patent CN201710228027.X proposes a multi-level converter sub-module bypass switch self-trigger circuit, which uses the voltage across the bypass switch to charge the capacitor of the bypass switch, thereby providing the closing energy of the bypass switch.
  • the circuit is essentially a bypass switch capacitor Cc series resistor R1 and parallel with the sub-module capacitor Csm, and the bypass switch capacitor capacity is generally hundreds of microfarads, the sub-module capacitor Csm is generally several millimeters to ten millifarads, so it is difficult Ensure that the bypass switch capacitor is charged to the rated value and the sub-module capacitor is not overwhelming.
  • the sub-module control board will not work, and the bypass switch closing command cannot be provided.
  • the bypass switch capacitor will be short-circuited and cannot be charged. Therefore, with this scheme, there is a risk that the submodule capacitor overvoltage damage and the bypass switch cannot be closed when the submodule is powered out.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a power module redundant power take-off circuit, where the power module includes at least one power semiconductor device, a first capacitor, and a first bypass switch, wherein the power module redundant power take-off circuit
  • the power board, the first charging circuit, the control board, and the discharging circuit, the power board acquiring energy from the first capacitor, and supplying power to the control board and charging the discharging circuit;
  • the first charging circuit One end is connected to the positive pole of the first capacitor, and the other end is connected to the discharge circuit, and when the power board is not working normally, the discharge circuit is charged;
  • the control board controls the discharge circuit to be closed;
  • the discharge circuit after the closing, discharges the first bypass switch to close.
  • the power module redundancy circuit also includes a second charging circuit, and the second charging circuit is connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and the second charging is performed when the control board is not working normally.
  • a circuit triggers the discharge circuit to close.
  • the second charging circuit includes a second Zener diode, a second resistor, a cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to a cathode of the first capacitor, and a second resistor is connected to the second resistor at one end.
  • the anode of the pressure tube is connected to the cathode of the first capacitor, and the discharge circuit is closed after the second voltage regulator is broken down.
  • the power module redundancy circuit also includes a fourth switch, and the fourth switch is connected in series with the negative pole of the discharge circuit and the first when the power card is an isolated power card Between the negative poles of the capacitor.
  • the discharge circuit includes a second capacitor, a second switch, a positive pole of the second capacitor is connected to the power board and the first charging circuit, and a cathode is connected to a power board, through the power board Or the first charging circuit charges the second capacitor; one end of the second switch is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor, and the other end is connected to the control end of the first bypass switch, the second switch The second capacitor discharge after closing causes the first bypass switch to close.
  • the first charging circuit includes a first voltage stabilizing tube, a first resistor, a cathode of the first voltage stabilizing tube is connected to a positive pole of the first capacitor; and one end of the first resistor is connected to the first
  • the anode of the Zener tube is connected to the anode of the second capacitor at the other end.
  • the first charging circuit further includes a third switch, the third switch being connected in series in the first charging circuit to control the opening of the first charging circuit.
  • the discharge circuit further includes a third resistor, the third resistor is connected in parallel with the second capacitor, the third resistor is adjustable, and the third resistor is divided by the first resistor The principle of adjusting the charging voltage,
  • the discharge circuit further includes a third voltage regulator tube, the third voltage regulator tube is connected in parallel with the second capacitor, and the third voltage regulator tube VD3 can stabilize the charging voltage.
  • the second switch, the third switch, and the fourth switch include one or more of a mechanical switch, a relay, a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO, and a MOSFET.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides a control method for a power module redundant power take-off circuit.
  • Charging the discharge circuit comprising the steps of: charging, when the power card is not working, the first charging circuit to the discharge circuit; the control board controlling the discharge circuit to be closed; the discharging The discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch after the circuit is closed.
  • the method further includes the step of: when the control board is not working properly, the second charging circuit triggers the discharge circuit to close.
  • the method further includes the following steps: when the power module malfunctions during normal operation, blocking all the power modules Drive commands.
  • charging the first charging circuit to the discharging circuit comprises: when the first capacitor is charged until the first capacitor voltage reaches a first threshold of the first voltage regulator, the first voltage regulator breaks down; The first capacitor charges the second capacitor through the first regulator and the first resistor.
  • controlling, by the second charging circuit, the discharging circuit to replace the control circuit card comprises: when the first capacitor continues to be charged until the first capacitor voltage reaches a second threshold of the second voltage regulator, the second stable The presser breaks down and triggers the second switch to close.
  • the redundant power-carrying circuit of the power module provided by the embodiment of the present application generates a power-off board fault in the power module, and the redundant energy-carrying circuit can store energy for the closing circuit of the bypass switch, ensuring that the bypass switch has sufficient joints. Brake energy; in the closing circuit energy storage of the bypass switch, the closing command trigger provides dual configuration, the reliability of the bypass is improved, and the switch module and capacitor are prevented from being damaged under overvoltage conditions. The forced shutdown of the inverter.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • 1D is a schematic structural diagram of a power module according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of application of a power module capability circuit according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant power take-off circuit provided in FIG. 7A of the present application;
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8B is a flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant energy-carrying circuit provided in FIG. 8A of the present application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • the power module comprises at least one power semiconductor device, a first capacitor C1, a first bypass switch K1, the power module comprises at least two power semiconductor devices, and the power module is in the form of a half bridge connection.
  • the power module contains at least four power semiconductor devices, and the power module is in the form of a full bridge connection.
  • the power module can also be in the form of other circuits including the first capacitor C1 and the first bypass switch K1.
  • FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, FIG. 1C, and FIG. 1D are schematic diagrams showing the composition of a power module according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1A, the power module is in a half bridge connection form. As shown in FIG. 1B, the power module is in the form of a full bridge connection. As shown in FIG.
  • the power module is in the form of other circuits including the first capacitor C1 and the first bypass switch K1.
  • the first bypass switch K1 has a mechanical holding function after closing, and the first bypass switch K1 can be kept in a closed state after the power is turned off, and the closing signal of the first bypass switch K1 is discharged from the second capacitor C2.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of application of the power module energy-carrying module provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, the power modules are connected in series to form a commutation chain of the voltage source type inverter.
  • the power module redundant power take-off circuit is used as a redundant power take-off circuit of a power module, including a power board 11 and control.
  • the power board 11 takes energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board 12 and charges the discharge circuit 14.
  • the first charging circuit 13 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 at one end and to the discharge circuit 14 at the other end, and charges the discharging circuit 14 when the power card 11 is not operating normally.
  • the control board 12 controls the discharge circuit 14 to close. After the discharge circuit 14 is closed, the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the first charging circuit 13 includes a first Zener diode VD1 and a first resistor R1.
  • the cathode of the first Zener diode VD1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode VD1, and the other end is connected to the anode of the second capacitor C2.
  • the discharge circuit 14 includes a second capacitor C2 and a second switch K2.
  • the anode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the power card 11 and the first charging circuit 13, and the cathode is connected to the ground of the power board 11, and the second capacitor C2 is charged by the power card 11 or the first charging circuit 13.
  • One end of the second switch K2 is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor C2, and the other end is connected to the control end of the first bypass switch K1. After the second switch K2 is closed, the second capacitor C2 is discharged to trigger the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the second switch includes, but is not limited to, one of a mechanical switch, a relay, a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO, and a MOSFET. That is, the second switch K2 may be a mechanical switch or a relay, or may be an electronic switch such as a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO or a MOSFET, wherein the trigger signal of the second switch K2 is from a power board or a control board.
  • the redundant power-carrying circuit of the power module provided by the embodiment of the present application generates a power-off board fault in the power module, and the redundant energy-carrying circuit can store energy for the closing circuit of the bypass switch, ensuring that the bypass switch has sufficient joints. Brake energy; in the closing circuit energy storage of the bypass switch, the closing command trigger provides dual configuration, the reliability of the bypass is improved, and the switch module and capacitor are prevented from being damaged under overvoltage conditions. The forced shutdown of the inverter.
  • the power module redundant power take-off circuit is used as a redundant power take-off circuit of a power module, and the power module includes at least one power.
  • the semiconductor device, the first capacitor C1, the first bypass switch K1, and the power module redundant capability circuit include a power board 11, a control board 12, a first charging circuit 23, and a discharging circuit 24.
  • the power board 11 takes energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board 12 and charges the discharge circuit 24.
  • the first charging circuit 23 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 at one end and to the discharge circuit 24 at the other end. When the power supply card 11 is not operating normally, the discharging circuit 24 is charged.
  • the control board 12 controls the discharge circuit 24 to close. After the discharge circuit 24 is closed, the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the first charging circuit 23 includes a first Zener diode VD1, a first resistor R1, and a third switch K3.
  • the cathode of the first Zener diode VD1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the third switch K3, the other end of the K3 is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode VD1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the second capacitor C2.
  • the third switch K3 is for controlling the opening of the first charging circuit 23.
  • the discharge circuit 24 includes a second capacitor C2, a second switch K2, and a third resistor R3.
  • the positive pole of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the power card 11 and the first charging circuit 23, and the negative pole is connected to the ground of the power card 11, and the second capacitor C2 is charged by the power card 11 or the first charging circuit 23.
  • One end of the second switch K2 is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor C2, and the other end is connected to the control end of the first bypass switch K1. After the second switch K2 is closed, the second capacitor C2 is discharged to trigger the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the third resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor, and the resistance of the resistor R3 is adjustable, and the charging voltage is adjusted by the principle that the third resistor R3 is divided by the first resistor R1.
  • the second switch and the third switch include, but are not limited to, one or more of a mechanical switch, a relay, a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO, and a MOSFET. That is, the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 may be mechanical switches or relays, or may be electronic switches such as thyristors, IGBTs, IGCTs, GTOs or MOSFETs, wherein the second switch K2 and the third switch K3 The trigger signal comes from the power board or control board.
  • the first charging circuit further includes a third switch K3 having one end connected to the anode of the first Zener diode VD1 and the other end connected to the first resistor R1.
  • the third switch K3 is in a closed state when the power board is not working, and is in a disconnected state when the power board is working normally.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the power module redundant power take-off circuit is used as a redundant power take-off circuit of a power module, and the power module includes at least one power.
  • the semiconductor device, the first capacitor C1, the first bypass switch K1, and the power module redundant capability circuit include a power board 11, a control board 12, a first charging circuit 23, a discharging circuit 34, and a second charging circuit 35.
  • the power board 11 takes energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board 12 and charges the discharge circuit 34.
  • the first charging circuit 23 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 at one end, and is connected to the discharging circuit 34 at the other end. When the power card 11 is not operating normally, the discharging circuit 34 is charged.
  • the control board 12 controls the discharge circuit 34 to close. After the discharge circuit 34 is closed, the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the second charging circuit 35 triggers the discharge circuit 34 to close when the control board 12 is not operating normally.
  • the first charging circuit 23 includes a first Zener diode VD1, a first resistor R1, and a third switch K3.
  • the cathode of the first Zener diode VD1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the third switch K3, the other end of the K3 is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode VD1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the second capacitor C2.
  • the third switch K3 is for controlling the opening of the first charging circuit 23.
  • the discharge circuit 34 includes a second capacitor C2, a second switch K2, a third resistor R3, and a third Zener diode VD3.
  • the positive pole of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the power card 11 and the first charging circuit 23, and the negative pole is connected to the ground of the power card 11, and the second capacitor C2 is charged by the power card 11 or the first charging circuit 23.
  • One end of the second switch K2 is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor C2, and the other end is connected to the control end of the first bypass switch K1. After the second switch K2 is closed, the second capacitor C2 is discharged to trigger the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the third resistor R3 is connected in parallel with the second voltage regulator VD3 and the second capacitor, and the resistance value of the R3 is adjustable. The charging voltage is adjusted by the principle of dividing the third resistor R3 and the first resistor R1, and the third voltage regulator VD3 can be stably charged. Voltage.
  • the second charging circuit 35 includes a second Zener diode VD2 and a second resistor R2.
  • the cathode of the second Zener diode VD2 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1.
  • One end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the second Zener diode VD2, the other end is connected to the cathode of the first capacitor C1, and the second regulator KD2 is broken after the second Zener diode VD2 is broken.
  • the second voltage regulator VD2 can be replaced by a diode, and the diode can prevent the power supply card output power from being recharged to the sub-module capacitor.
  • the second switch K2 includes, but is not limited to, one of a mechanical switch, a relay, a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO, and a MOSFET. That is, the second switch K2 may be a mechanical switch or a relay, or may be an electronic switch such as a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO or a MOSFET, wherein the trigger signal of the second switch K2 is from a power board or a control board.
  • the power module redundant energy-carrying circuit comprises a first voltage regulator VD1, a second voltage regulator VD2, a second switch K2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a second capacitor C2, a power board and a control board.
  • the cathode of the first voltage regulator VD1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1
  • the anode is connected to the anode of the second capacitor C2 after being connected to the first resistor R1
  • the cathode of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the cathode of the first capacitor C1.
  • the cathode of the second voltage regulator VD2 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1, the anode is connected to the second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the cathode of the first capacitor C1, and the first bypass switch K1 is connected in parallel with the power module.
  • the power board obtains energy from the first capacitor C1, and supplies power to the control board and charges the second capacitor C2, and the control board controls the first side by triggering the second switch K2. The closing of the switch K1.
  • the power module redundant power-carrying circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application, when the control board is faulty, the second charging circuit breaks through the second voltage-stabilizing tube to trigger the closing command of the bypass switch by increasing the capacitance voltage;
  • the second Zener diode is replaced by a diode, which prevents the power supply card output power from being recharged to the sub-module capacitor.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • the power module redundant power take-off circuit is used as a redundant power take-off circuit of a power module, and the power module includes at least one power.
  • the semiconductor device, the first capacitor C1, the first bypass switch K1, and the power module redundancy circuit include a power board 41, a control board 12, a first charging circuit 23, a discharging circuit 14, a second charging circuit 35, and a Four switches 46.
  • the power card 41 is an isolated power card, including an isolation transformer.
  • the primary and secondary circuits of the isolation transformer are not common, and the power card 41 obtains energy from the first capacitor C1 and controls the power.
  • the card 12 is powered and charges the discharge circuit 14.
  • the first charging circuit 23 is connected to the positive electrode of the first capacitor C1 at one end and to the discharge circuit 14 at the other end, and charges the discharge circuit 14 when the power card 41 is not operating normally.
  • the control board 12 controls the discharge circuit 14 to close. After the discharge circuit 14 is closed, the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the fourth switch 46 is connected in series between the ground of the power module and the ground of the power board 41 when the power module and the power board 41 are not in common, and turns on the ground of the power module and the ground of the power board 41.
  • the first charging circuit 23 includes a first Zener diode VD1, a first resistor R1, and a third switch K3.
  • the cathode of the first Zener diode VD1 is connected to the anode of the first capacitor C1.
  • One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the third switch K3, the other end of the K3 is connected to the anode of the first Zener diode VD1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the anode of the second capacitor C2.
  • the third switch K3 is for controlling the opening of the first charging circuit 23.
  • the discharge circuit 14 includes a second capacitor C2 and a second switch K2.
  • the positive pole of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the power card 41 and the first charging circuit 23, and the negative pole is connected to the ground of the power card 41, and the second capacitor C2 is charged by the power card 41 or the first charging circuit 23.
  • One end of the second switch K2 is connected to the positive pole of the second capacitor C2, and the other end is connected to the control end of the first bypass switch K1. After the second switch K2 is closed, the second capacitor C2 is discharged to trigger the closing of the first bypass switch K1.
  • the second switch K2 and the fourth switch K4 include, but are not limited to, one or more of a mechanical switch, a relay, a thyristor, an IGBT, an IGCT, a GTO, and a MOSFET. That is, the second switch K2 and the fourth switch K4 may be mechanical switches or relays, or may be electronic switches such as thyristors, IGBTs, IGCTs, GTOs or MOSFETs, wherein the trigger signals of the second switch and the fourth switch From the power board or control board.
  • the power board in the redundant module of the power module can be an isolated power board.
  • the isolated power board includes an isolation transformer.
  • the original and secondary circuits of the transformer are not common.
  • the redundant circuit of the power module also includes the The fourth switch K4, the fourth switch K4 is connected in series between the negative pole of the second capacitor C2 and the cathode of the first capacitor C1, is in a closed state when the power board is not working, and is in a disconnected state when the power board is in normal operation.
  • the power module redundant energy-carrying circuit provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to non-isolated and isolated energy-receiving boards, and has the same functions, improves the reliability of the original system, and has engineering practical value.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, including the following steps.
  • step S710 the first charging circuit charges the discharging circuit when the power board is not operating normally.
  • the first capacitor C1 in the power module starts to charge. If the power module fails, bypass is required. If the power card works normally, the power card takes energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board and charges the second capacitor C2 of the discharge circuit.
  • the first capacitor C1 When the power card is not working normally, the first capacitor C1 is charged, and when the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the first threshold of the first regulator VD1, the first regulator VD1 breaks down. The first capacitor C1 charges the second capacitor C2 through the first regulator VD1 and the first resistor R1.
  • step S720 the control board controls the discharge circuit to be closed.
  • the control board controls the discharge circuit to close, that is to say the control board issues an instruction to close the second switch K2. If the control board does not issue an instruction to close the second switch K2, the failed power module continues to operate.
  • step S730 the discharge triggers the first bypass switch to close after the discharge circuit is closed.
  • the discharge circuit is closed, and the second capacitor C2 is discharged, triggering the first bypass switch K1 to be closed, and the bypass is completed.
  • FIG. 7B is a flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant energy-carrying circuit provided in FIG. 7A of the present application, and the specific steps are as shown in FIG. 7B.
  • the initial state is that the first bypass switch K1 is disconnected, the second switch K2 is disconnected, and the first capacitor C1 in the power module starts to be charged. It is judged whether the power board is working normally. If the power board works normally, the control board issues an instruction of the second switch K2, and the second capacitor C2 discharges, triggering the first bypass switch K1 to close. If the power card is not working properly, the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged. When the capacitor voltage reaches the first threshold V c1 of the first power device VD1, the first power device VD1 breaks down; the first capacitor C1 passes through the first power device. VD1, the third switch K3, and the first resistor R1 charge the second capacitor C2. The control board triggers the second switch K2 to close, the second capacitor C2 discharges, triggers the first bypass switch K1 to close, and the bypass is completed.
  • FIG. 8A is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant power take-off circuit according to another embodiment of the present application, including the following steps.
  • step S810 when the power board is not operating normally, the first charging circuit charges the discharging circuit.
  • the first capacitor C1 in the power module starts to charge. If the power board works normally, the power board obtains energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board. The second capacitor C2 of the discharge circuit is charged.
  • the first capacitor C1 is charged until the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the first threshold V c1 of the first regulator VD1, and the first regulator VD1 breaks down.
  • the first capacitor C1 charges the second capacitor C2 through the first regulator VD1 and the first resistor R1.
  • step S821 when the control board is not operating normally, the second charging circuit triggers the discharge circuit to close.
  • the instruction to close the second switch K2 or the instruction to close the second switch K2 may be issued but the first The bypass switch K1 is not closed successfully.
  • the control board issues an instruction to close the second switch K2
  • the first bypass switch K1 is not closed.
  • the second charging circuit triggers the second switch K2 to close.
  • the second charging circuit includes a second regulator VD2 and a second resistor R2.
  • the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged until the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the second threshold V c2 of the second regulator VD2, the second regulator VD2 breaks down and triggers the second switch K2 to close.
  • step S830 after the discharge circuit is closed, the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch.
  • the discharge circuit is closed, and the second capacitor C2 is discharged, triggering the first bypass switch K1 to be closed, and the bypass is completed.
  • the first charging circuit replaces the power board to charge the discharging circuit
  • the second charging circuit replaces the control board to trigger the discharging circuit to be closed, Can be combined as needed.
  • FIG. 8B is a flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant energy-carrying circuit provided in FIG. 8A of the present application, and the specific steps are as follows.
  • the initial state is that the first bypass switch K1 is disconnected, the second switch K2 is disconnected, and the third switch K3 is disconnected.
  • the control board works normally, the control board issues a second switch K2 command to trigger the first bypass switch K1 to close. If the closing is successful, the process is terminated; if the closing is unsuccessful, the following process is performed.
  • the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged, and it is determined whether the power board is working normally.
  • the second regulator VD2 breaks down. Triggering the second switch K2 to close, the second capacitor C2 is discharged, triggering the first bypass switch K1 to close;
  • the third switch K3 is closed, and the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged.
  • the capacitor voltage reaches the first threshold V c1 of the first Zener diode VD1, the first power device VD1 breaks down.
  • the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged, and when the capacitor voltage reaches the second threshold value V c2 of the second Zener diode VD2, the second Zener diode VD2 breaks down.
  • the second charging circuit triggers the second switch K2 to close, the second capacitor C2 discharges, triggers the first bypass switch K1 to close, and the bypass is completed.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a power module redundant energy-taking circuit according to another embodiment of the present application, including the following steps.
  • step S901 when a fault occurs in the normal operation of the power module, the drive commands of all the power modules are blocked.
  • step S910 when the power board is not working normally, the first charging circuit charges the discharging circuit.
  • the first capacitor C1 in the power module is charged. If the power card works normally, the power card takes energy from the first capacitor C1 and supplies power to the control board and charges the discharge circuit. When the power card is not working normally, when the first capacitor C1 is charged until the voltage of the first capacitor C1 reaches the first threshold of the first regulator VD1, the first regulator VD1 breaks down. The first capacitor C1 charges the second capacitor C2 through the first regulator VD1 and the first resistor R1.
  • step S920 the control board controls the discharge circuit to be closed.
  • the control board controls the discharge circuit to close, that is to say the control board issues an instruction to close the second switch K2. If the control board does not issue an instruction to close the second switch K2, the failed power module continues to operate.
  • step S930 the discharge triggers the closing of the first bypass switch after the discharge circuit is closed.
  • the discharge circuit is closed, and the second capacitor C2 is discharged, triggering the first bypass switch K1 to be closed, and the bypass is completed.
  • the first capacitor C1 charges the second capacitor C2 through the first Zener diode VD1, the third switch K3, and the first resistor R1.
  • the first capacitor C1 continues to be charged.
  • the second Zener diode VD2 breaks down.
  • the second switch K2 is triggered to be closed, and the second capacitor C2 is discharged to trigger the closing of the first bypass switch K1.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种功率模块冗余取能电路及其控制方法。所述功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容、第一旁路开关，其特征在于，所述功率模块冗余取能电路包括：电源板卡，从所述第一电容上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电；第一充电电路，一端连接所述第一电容的正极，另一端连接所述放电电路，在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，向所述放电电路充电；所述控制板卡，控制所述放电电路闭合；所述放电电路，闭合后放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。

Description

一种功率模块冗余取能电路及其控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域，具体涉及一种功率模块冗余取能电路及其控制方法。
背景技术
电压源型换流器技术是一种以可关断器件IGBT(绝缘栅双极晶体管)和脉宽调制(PWM)技术为基础的新型换流技术。在低压应用场合，由IGBT构成的两电平换流器得到了广泛的应用，为解决其换流器输出电压高频跃变，由此带来设备应力大、系统损耗大、噪声高和电磁环境严酷等问题，三电平电压源换流器被提出，在电压等级和容量上扩展了电压源型换流器的应用场合。
随着模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter，MMC)的出现，多电平换流器在柔性直流输电领域也得到了成功的应用，电压等级达到数百千伏，容量达到数千兆。
电压源型换流器由大量功率模块串联而成，当功率模块发生故障时闭合旁路开关，将故障单元切除，系统不停运。
发明人发现，功率模块内部的取能板卡如果出现故障，则控制板卡无法正常工作，且旁路开关的触发回路不能工作，因此功率模块无法成功旁路，致使系统停运。因此，如何提高功率模块的取能可靠性，保证旁路开关的可靠合闸，成为提高电压源型换流器成套设备可靠性的关键技术因素。
发明专利CN201710228027.X提出了一种多电平换流器子模块旁路开关自触发电路，利用旁路开关两端电压给旁路开关的电容充电，从而提供旁路开关的合闸能量。其电路实质是旁路开关电容Cc串联电阻R1后与子模块电容Csm并联，而旁路开关电容容值一般为数百微法，子模块电容Csm一般为数毫法至十几毫法，因此难以保证旁路开关电容充电至额定值和子模块电容不过压两者兼顾。并且，如果子模块取能电源发生故障，则子模块控制板也不能工作，无法提供旁路开关合闸命令。在该种情况下如果采用常闭点开关串入旁路开关电容与触点控制端回路，则会造成旁路开关电容被短路，无法 充电。因此采用该方案，在子模块取能电源故障时存在子模块电容过压损坏和旁路开关无法合闸的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的，在于提供一种功率模块冗余取能电路及控制方法。本发明用于电压源型换流器，可以在换流器功率模块取能板卡发生故障时，提供另外一条取能路径，并确保功率模块的旁路开关可靠合闸，减小系统停运的概率，在经济性和技术性上均有较好表现。
本申请实施例提供了一种功率模块冗余取能电路，所述功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容、第一旁路开关，其特征在于，所述功率模块冗余取能电路包括电源板卡、第一充电电路、控制板卡、放电电路，所述电源板卡从所述第一电容上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电；所述第一充电电路一端连接所述第一电容的正极，另一端连接所述放电电路，在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，向所述放电电路充电；所述控制板卡控制所述放电电路闭合；所述放电电路，闭合后放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
进一步地，所述功率模块冗余取能电路还包括第二充电电路，所述第二充电电路与所述第一电容并联连接，在所述控制板卡不正常工作时，所述第二充电电路触发所述放电电路闭合。
进一步地，所述第二充电电路包括第二稳压管、第二电阻，所述第二稳压管的阴极连接所述第一电容的正极；所述第二电阻一端连接所述第二稳压管的阳极，另一端连接所述第一电容的负极，所述第二稳压管击穿后所述放电电路闭合。
进一步地，所述功率模块冗余取能电路还包括第四开关，所述第四开关在所述电源板卡为隔离型电源板卡时，串联在所述放电电路的负极与所述第一电容的负极之间。
进一步地，所述放电电路包括第二电容、第二开关，所述第二电容的正极连接所述电源板卡和所述第一充电电路，负极连接电源板卡地，通过所述电源板卡或所述第一充电电路给所述第二电容充电；所述第二开关的一端连接所述第二电容的正极，另一端连接所述第一旁路开关的控制端，所述第二开关闭合后所述第二电容放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
进一步地，所述第一充电电路包括第一稳压管、第一电阻，所述第一稳 压管的阴极连接所述第一电容的正极；所述第一电阻的一端连接所述第一稳压管的阳极，另一端连接所述第二电容的正极。
进一步地，所述第一充电电路还包括第三开关，所述第三开关串联在所述第一充电电路中，控制所述第一充电电路的开断。
进一步地，所述放电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻与所述第二电容并联，所述第三电阻阻值可调节，通过所述第三电阻与所述第一电阻分压的原理调节充电电压，
进一步地，所述放电电路还包括第三稳压管，所述第三稳压管与所述第二电容并联，所述第三稳压管VD3可稳定充电电压。
进一步地，所述第二开关、第三开关、第四开关包括机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET的一种或几种。
本发明实施例还提供一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，用于功率模块发生故障需要旁路时，电源板卡从所述第一电容上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电；所述控制板卡控制所述放电电路闭合；所述放电电路闭合后放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
进一步地，所述方法还包括以下步骤：在所述控制板卡不正常工作时，第二充电电路触发所述放电电路闭合。
进一步地，在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电之前，还包括以下步骤：当所述功率模块正常工作时发生故障，则闭锁所有所述功率模块的驱动命令。
进一步地，所述第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电包括：第一电容充电至所述第一电容电压达到第一稳压器的第一阈值时，所述第一稳压器击穿；所述第一电容通过所述第一稳压器、第一电阻为第二电容充电。
进一步地，所述第二充电电路代替控制板卡控制所述放电电路闭合包括：第一电容继续充电至所述第一电容电压达到第二稳压器的第二阈值时，所述第二稳压器击穿并触发第二开关合闸。
本申请实施例提供的功率模块冗余取能电路，在功率模块发生取能板卡故障，通过冗余取能电路可以为旁路开关的合闸回路储能，保证旁路开关有足够的合闸能量；在旁路开关的合闸回路储能，合闸命令触发两方面均提供了双重化的配置，旁路成功的可靠性提升，避免了开关模块、电容在过电压条件下损坏，避免了换流器的受迫停运。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1A是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块的组成示意图；
图1B是本申请另一实施例提供的一种功率模块的组成示意图；
图1C是本申请又一实施例提供的一种功率模块的组成示意图；
图1D是本申请再一实施例提供的一种功率模块的组成示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块取能电路的应用示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图；
图4是本申请另一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图；
图5是本申请又一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图；
图6是本申请再一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图；
图7A是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程示意图；
图7B是本申请图7A提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程图；
图8A是本申请另一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程示意图；
图8B是本申请图8A提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程图；
图9是本申请又一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程示意图；
图10是本申请再一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法 流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，以下将结合附图和实施例，对本申请技术方案的具体实施方式进行更加详细、清楚的说明。然而，以下描述的具体实施方式和实施例仅是说明的目的，而不是对本申请的限制。其只是包含了本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，本领域技术人员对于本申请的各种变化获得的其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应该理解的是，虽然第一、第二、第三等用语可使用于本文中用来描述各种元件或组件，但这些元件或组件不应被这些用语所限制。这些用语仅用以区分一个元件或组件与另一元件或组件。因此，下述讨论之第一元件或组件，在不脱离本申请之内容下，可被称为第二元件或第二组件。
功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容C1、第一旁路开关K1，功率模块包含至少两个功率半导体器件，功率模块为半桥连接形式。功率模块包含至少四个功率半导体器件，功率模块为全桥连接形式。功率模块也可以为含第一电容C1及第一旁路开关K1的其他电路形式。图1A、图1B、图1C、图1D是本申请实施例提供的功率模块的组成示意图，如图1A所示，功率模块为半桥连接形式。如图1B所示，功率模块为全桥连接形式。如图1C、图1D所示，功率模块为含第一电容C1及第一旁路开关K1的其他电路形式。第一旁路开关K1具有合闸后机械保持功能，在断电后第一旁路开关K1能够保持合闸状态，第一旁路开关K1的合闸信号来自第二电容C2的放电。
图2是本申请实施例提供的功率模块取能模块的应用示意图，如图2所示，功率模块首尾串联构成电压源型换流器的一个换流链。
图3是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图，该功率模块冗余取能电路用于作为功率模块的冗余取能电路，包括电源板卡11、控制板卡12、第一充电电路13、放电电路14。
电源板卡11从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡12供电以及向放电电路14充电。第一充电电路13一端连接第一电容C1的正极，另一端连接放电电路14，在电源板卡11不正常工作时，向放电电路14充电。控制板卡12控制放电电路14闭合。放电电路14闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。
第一充电电路13包括第一稳压管VD1、第一电阻R1。
第一稳压管VD1的阴极连接第一电容C1的正极。第一电阻R1的一端连接第一稳压管VD1的阳极，另一端连接第二电容C2的正极。
放电电路14包括第二电容C2、第二开关K2。
第二电容C2的正极连接电源板卡11和第一充电电路13，负极连接电源板卡11的地，通过电源板卡11或第一充电电路13给第二电容C2充电。第二开关K2一端连接第二电容C2的正极，另一端连接第一旁路开关K1的控制端，第二开关K2闭合后第二电容C2放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。
第二开关包括但不限于机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET的一种。也就是说，第二开关K2可以是机械开关或继电器，也可以是电子开关，如晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET，其中，第二开关K2的触发信号来自电源板卡或控制板卡。
本申请实施例提供的功率模块冗余取能电路，在功率模块发生取能板卡故障，通过冗余取能电路可以为旁路开关的合闸回路储能，保证旁路开关有足够的合闸能量；在旁路开关的合闸回路储能，合闸命令触发两方面均提供了双重化的配置，旁路成功的可靠性提升，避免了开关模块、电容在过电压条件下损坏，避免了换流器的受迫停运。
图4是本申请又一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图，该功率模块冗余取能电路用于作为功率模块的冗余取能电路，功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容C1、第一旁路开关K1，功率模块冗余取能电路包括电源板卡11、控制板卡12、第一充电电路23、放电电路24。
电源板卡11从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡12供电以及向放电电路24充电。第一充电电路23一端连接第一电容C1的正极，另一端连接放电电路24，在电源板卡11不正常工作时，向放电电路24充电。控制板卡12控制放电电路24闭合。放电电路24闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。
第一充电电路23包括第一稳压管VD1、第一电阻R1、第三开关K3。
第一稳压管VD1的阴极连接第一电容C1的正极。第一电阻R1的一端连接第三开关K3的一端，K3的另一端连接第一稳压管VD1的阳极，第一电阻R1的另一端连接第二电容C2的正极。第三开关K3用于，控制第一充电电路23的开断。
放电电路24包括第二电容C2、第二开关K2、第三电阻R3。
第二电容C2的正极连接电源板卡11和第一充电电路23，负极连接电源板卡11的地，通过电源板卡11或第一充电电路23给第二电容C2充电。第二开关K2一端连接第二电容C2的正极，另一端连接第一旁路开关K1的控制端，第二开关K2闭合后第二电容C2放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。第三电阻R3与第二电容并联，R3阻值可调节，通过第三电阻R3与第一电阻R1分压的原理调节充电电压。
第二开关、第三开关包括但不限于机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET.3的一种或几种。也就是说，第二开关K2、第三开关K3，可以是机械开关或继电器，也可以是电子开关，如晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET，其中，第二开关K2、第三开关K3的触发信号来自电源板卡或控制板卡。
第一充电电路还包括第三开关K3，其一端与第一稳压管VD1的阳极相连，另一端与第一电阻R1相连。第三开关K3在电源板卡不工作时处于闭合状态，在电源板卡正常工作时处于分断状态。
图5是本申请另一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图，该功率模块冗余取能电路用于作为功率模块的冗余取能电路，功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容C1、第一旁路开关K1，功率模块冗余取能电路包括电源板卡11、控制板卡12、第一充电电路23、放电电路34、第二充电电路35。
电源板卡11从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡12供电以及向放电电路34充电。第一充电电路23一端连接第一电容C1的正极，另一端连接放电电路34，在电源板卡11不正常工作时，向放电电路34充电。控制板卡12控制放电电路34闭合。放电电路34闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。第二充电电路35在控制板卡12不正常工作时触发放电电路34闭合。
第一充电电路23包括第一稳压管VD1、第一电阻R1、第三开关K3。
第一稳压管VD1的阴极连接第一电容C1的正极。第一电阻R1的一端连接第三开关K3的一端，K3的另一端连接第一稳压管VD1的阳极，第一电阻R1的另一端连接第二电容C2的正极。第三开关K3用于，控制第一充电电路23的开断。
放电电路34包括第二电容C2、第二开关K2、第三电阻R3、第三稳压管VD3。
第二电容C2的正极连接电源板卡11和第一充电电路23，负极连接电源板卡11的地，通过电源板卡11或第一充电电路23给第二电容C2充电。第二开关K2一端连接第二电容C2的正极，另一端连接第一旁路开关K1的控制端，第二开关K2闭合后第二电容C2放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。第三电阻R3与第三稳压管VD3与第二电容并联，R3阻值可调节，通过第三电阻R3与第一电阻R1分压的原理调节充电电压，第三稳压管VD3可稳定充电电压。
第二充电电路35包括第二稳压管VD2、第二电阻R2。
第二稳压管VD2的阴极连接第一电容C1的正极。第二电阻R2的一端连接第二稳压管VD2的阳极，另一端连接第一电容C1的负极，第二稳压管VD2击穿后第二开关K2闭合。其中，还可以将第二稳压管VD2替换为二极管，二极管可避免电源板卡输出电源向子模块电容回灌。
第二开关K2包括但不限于机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET的一种。也就是说，第二开关K2可以是机械开关或继电器，也可以是电子开关，如晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET，其中，第二开关K2的触发信号来自电源板卡或控制板卡。
功率模块冗余取能电路包括第一稳压管VD1、第二稳压管VD2、第二开关K2、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第二电容C2、电源板卡和控制板卡。第一稳压管VD1的阴极与第一电容C1的正极相连，阳极串入第一电阻R1后与第二电容C2的正极相连，第二电容C2的负极与第一电容C1的负极相连，第二稳压管VD2的阴极与第一电容C1的正极相连，阳极与第二电阻R2相连，第二电阻R2的另一端与第一电容C1的负极相连，第一旁路开关K1并联在功率模块的x1端子和x2端子之间，电源板卡从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡提供电源以及向第二电容C2充电，控制板卡通过触发第二开关K2来控制第一旁路开关K1的合闸。
本申请实施例提供的功率模块冗余取能电路，在控制板卡故障时，第二充电电路通过电容电压的升高击穿第二稳压管触发旁路开关的合闸命令；还可以将第二稳压管替换为二极管，二极管可避免电源板卡输出电源向子模块电容回灌。
图6是本申请再一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的组成示意图，该功率模块冗余取能电路用于作为功率模块的冗余取能电路，功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容C1、第一旁路开关K1，功率模块冗余取能电路包括电源板卡41、控制板卡12、第一充电电路23、放电电路 14、第二充电电路35、第四开关46。
在本实施例中，电源板卡41为隔离型电源板卡，包括隔离变压器，隔离变压器的原边和副边电路不共地，电源板卡41从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡12供电以及向放电电路14充电。第一充电电路23一端连接第一电容C1的正极，另一端连接放电电路14，在电源板卡41不正常工作时，向放电电路14充电。控制板卡12控制放电电路14闭合。放电电路14闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。第四开关46在功率模块与电源板卡41不共地时，串联在功率模块的地和电源板卡41的地之间，接通功率模块的地与电源板卡41的地。
第一充电电路23包括第一稳压管VD1、第一电阻R1、第三开关K3。
第一稳压管VD1的阴极连接第一电容C1的正极。第一电阻R1的一端连接第三开关K3的一端，K3的另一端连接第一稳压管VD1的阳极，第一电阻R1的另一端连接第二电容C2的正极。第三开关K3用于，控制第一充电电路23的开断。
放电电路14包括第二电容C2、第二开关K2。
第二电容C2的正极连接电源板卡41和第一充电电路23，负极连接电源板卡41的地，通过电源板卡41或第一充电电路23给第二电容C2充电。第二开关K2一端连接第二电容C2的正极，另一端连接第一旁路开关K1的控制端，第二开关K2闭合后第二电容C2放电触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。
第二开关K2、第四开关K4包括但不限于机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET的一种或几种。也就是说，第二开关K2、第四开关K4，可以是机械开关或继电器，也可以是电子开关，如晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO或MOSFET，其中，第二开关、第四开关的触发信号来自电源板卡或控制板卡。
功率模块冗余取能电路中的电源板卡可以为隔离型电源板卡，隔离型电源板卡包含隔离变压器，变压器的原、副边电路不共地，功率模块冗余取能电路还包括第四开关K4，第四开关K4串联在第二电容C2负极与第一电容C1的负极之间，在电源板卡不工作时处于闭合状态，在电源板卡正常工作时处于分断状态。
本申请实施例提供的功率模块冗余取能电路，可适用于非隔离和隔离型取能板卡，所实现功能一致，提升原有系统的可靠性，具有工程实用价值。
图7A是本申请一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法 流程示意图，包括以下步骤。
在步骤S710中，在电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向放电电路充电。
功率模块启动时，功率模块中的第一电容C1开始充电。功率模块发生故障，需要旁路，如果电源板卡工作正常，则电源板卡从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路的第二电容C2充电。
而电源板卡不正常工作时，第一电容C1充电，至第一电容C1电压达到第一稳压器VD1的第一阈值时，第一稳压器VD1击穿。第一电容C1通过第一稳压器VD1、第一电阻R1为第二电容C2充电。
在步骤S720中，控制板卡控制放电电路闭合。
控制板卡控制放电回路闭合，也就是说控制板卡发出闭合第二开关K2的指令。如果控制板卡不发出闭合第二开关K2的指令，则发生故障的功率模块继续运行。
在步骤S730中，放电电路闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关合闸。
第二开关K2闭合后，放电电路闭合，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸，旁路完成。
图7B是本申请图7A提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程图，具体步骤如图7B所示。
在功率模块启动时，发生故障需要旁路时，初始状态为第一旁路开关K1分断，第二开关K2分断，功率模块中的第一电容C1开始充电。判断电源板卡是否工作正常，如电源板卡工作正常，则控制板卡发出合第二开关K2的指令，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。如电源板卡工作不正常，则第一电容C1继续充电，当电容电压达到第一功率器件VD1的第一阈值V c1时，第一功率器件VD1击穿；第一电容C1通过第一功率器件VD1、第三开关K3、第一电阻R1为第二电容C2充电。控制板卡触发第二开关K2合闸，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸，旁路完成。
图8A是本申请另一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程示意图，包括以下步骤。
在步骤S810中，电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向放电电路充电。
功率模块启动时发生故障，需要旁路，功率模块中的第一电容C1开始充电，如果电源板卡工作正常，则电源板卡从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控 制板卡供电以及向放电电路的第二电容C2充电。
如果电源板卡不正常工作时，第一电容C1充电至第一电容C1电压达到第一稳压器VD1的第一阈值V c1时，第一稳压器VD1击穿。第一电容C1通过第一稳压器VD1、第一电阻R1为第二电容C2充电。
在步骤S821中，在控制板卡不正常工作时，第二充电电路触发放电电路闭合。
控制板卡不正常工作的情况，包括电源板卡故障造成的控制板卡故障或者控制板卡本身故障，不能发出第二开关K2闭合的指令或者虽然发出了第二开关K2闭合的指令但是第一旁路开关K1合闸不成功的情况。在本实施例中，为控制板卡虽然发出了第二开关K2闭合的指令但是第一旁路开关K1合闸不成功的情况。
在控制板卡不正常工作时，第二充电电路触发第二开关K2闭合。其中，第二充电电路包括第二稳压器VD2、第二电阻R2。第一电容C1继续充电至第一电容C1电压达到第二稳压器VD2的第二阈值V c2时，第二稳压器VD2击穿并触发第二开关K2合闸。
在步骤S830中，放电电路闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关合闸。
第二开关K2闭合后，放电电路闭合，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸，旁路完成。
在本实施例中，电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路代替电源板卡向放电电路充电，控制板卡不正常工作时，第二充电电路代替控制板卡触发放电电路闭合，二者可以根据需要组合。
图8B是本申请图8A提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程图，具体步骤如下。
如图8B所示，当功率模块正常工作，初始状态为第一旁路开关K1分断，第二开关K2分断，第三开关K3分断。检测到功率模块故障需要旁路时，闭锁所有开关模块的驱动命令。如果控制板卡工作正常，控制板卡发出合第二开关K2指令，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。如合闸成功，则流程终止；若合闸不成功，则执行以下流程。
第一电容C1继续充电，判断电源板卡工作是否正常。
如果电源板卡正常，当电容电压达到第二稳压管VD2的第二阈值Vc2时，第二稳压管VD2击穿。触发第二开关K2合闸，第二电容C2放电，触发第一 旁路开关K1合闸；
如果电源板卡工作不正常，闭合第三开关K3，第一电容C1继续充电，当电容电压达到第一稳压管VD1的第一阈值V c1时，第一功率器件VD1击穿。
第一电容C1继续充电，当电容电压达到第二稳压管VD2的第二阈值V c2时，第二稳压管VD2击穿。第二充电电路触发第二开关K2合闸，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸，旁路完成。
图9是本申请又一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程示意图，包括以下步骤。
在步骤S901中，当功率模块正常工作时发生故障，则闭锁所有功率模块的驱动命令。
功率模块正常工作发生故障，需要旁路时，首先要闭锁所有功率模块的驱动命令。
在步骤S910中，在电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向放电电路充电。
功率模块中的第一电容C1充电，如果电源板卡工作正常，则电源板卡从第一电容C1上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电。电源板卡不正常工作时，第一电容C1充电至第一电容C1电压达到第一稳压器VD1的第一阈值时，第一稳压器VD1击穿。第一电容C1通过第一稳压器VD1、第一电阻R1为第二电容C2充电。
在步骤S920中，控制板卡控制放电电路闭合。
控制板卡控制放电回路闭合，也就是说控制板卡发出闭合第二开关K2的指令。如果控制板卡不发出闭合第二开关K2的指令，则发生故障的功率模块继续运行。
在步骤S930中，放电电路闭合后放电触发第一旁路开关合闸。
第二开关K2闭合后，放电电路闭合，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸，旁路完成。
图10是本申请再一实施例提供的一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法流程图，包含如下步骤。
当功率模块启动时，初始状态为第一旁路开关K1分断，第二开关K2分断，第三开关K3闭合。功率模块发生故障需要旁路时，功率模块中的第一电容C1开始充电。判断电源板卡是否工作正常。如电源板卡工作正常，则控制 板卡发出合第二开关K2的指令，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。如电源板卡工作不正常，则第一电容C1继续充电。当电容电压达到第一稳压管VD1的第一阈值Vc1时，第一稳压管VD1击穿。第一电容C1通过第一稳压管VD1、第三开关K3、第一电阻R1为第二电容C2充电。第一电容C1继续充电，当第一电容C1上电容电压达到第二稳压管VD2的第二阈值Vc2时，第二稳压管VD2击穿。触发第二开关K2合闸，第二电容C2放电，触发第一旁路开关K1合闸。
本发明提供的功率模块冗余取能电路，在功率模块启动且发生取能板卡故障，通过冗余取能电路可以为旁路开关的合闸回路储能，保证旁路开关有足够的合闸能量。在控制板卡故障时，通过电容电压的升高击穿稳压管触发旁路开关的合闸命令；还可以将稳压管替换为二极管，二极管可避免电源板卡输出电源向子模块电容回灌。在旁路开关合闸失败后，仍然可以通过电容电压的升高，再次为旁路开关的合闸回路储能，随后触发旁路开关的合闸命令。在旁路开关的合闸回路储能，合闸命令触发两方面均提供了双重化的配置，旁路成功的可靠性提升，避免了开关模块、电容在过电压条件下损坏，避免了换流器的受迫停运。可适用于非隔离和隔离型取能板卡，所实现功能一致，提升原有系统的可靠性，具有工程实用价值。
需要说明的是，以上参照附图所描述的各个实施例仅用以说明本申请而非限制本申请的范围，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的前提下对本申请进行的修改或者等同替换，均应涵盖在本申请的范围之内。此外，除上下文另有所指外，以单数形式出现的词包括复数形式，反之亦然。另外，除非特别说明，那么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分来使用。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种功率模块冗余取能电路，所述功率模块包括至少一个功率半导体器件、第一电容、第一旁路开关，其特征在于，所述功率模块冗余取能电路包括：
    电源板卡，从所述第一电容上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电；
    第一充电电路，一端连接所述第一电容的正极，另一端连接所述放电电路，在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，向所述放电电路充电；
    所述控制板卡，控制所述放电电路闭合；
    所述放电电路，闭合后放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述功率模块冗余取能电路还包括：
    第二充电电路，与所述第一电容并联连接，在所述控制板卡不正常工作时，所述第二充电电路触发所述放电电路闭合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述第二充电电路包括：
    第二稳压管，阴极连接所述第一电容的正极；
    第二电阻，一端连接所述第二稳压管的阳极，另一端连接所述第一电容的负极，所述第二稳压管击穿后所述放电电路闭合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述功率模块冗余取能电路还包括：
    第四开关，在所述电源板卡为隔离型电源板卡时，串联在所述放电电路的负极与所述第一电容的负极之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述放电电路包括：
    第二电容，正极连接所述电源板卡和所述第一充电电路，负极连接电源板卡地，通过所述电源板卡或所述第一充电电路给所述第二电容充电；
    第二开关，一端连接所述第二电容的正极，另一端连接所述第一旁路开关的控制端，所述第二开关闭合后所述第二电容放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述第一充电电路包括：
    第一稳压管，阴极连接所述第一电容的正极；
    第一电阻，一端连接所述第一稳压管的阳极，另一端连接所述第二电容的正极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述第一充电电路还包括：
    第三开关，串联在所述第一充电电路中，控制所述第一充电电路的开断。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述放电电路还包括：
    第三电阻，与所述第二电容并联，所述第三电阻阻值可调节，通过所述第三电阻与所述第一电阻分压的原理调节充电电压，
  9. 根据权利要求6或7所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述放电电路还包括：
    第三稳压管，与所述第二电容并联，所述第三稳压管VD3可稳定充电电压。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的功率模块冗余取能电路，其特征在于，所述第二开关、第三开关、第四开关包括机械开关、继电器、晶闸管、IGBT、IGCT、GTO、MOSFET的一种或几种。
  11. 一种功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，用于功率模块发生故障需要旁路时，电源板卡从所述第一电容上获取能量，并向控制板卡供电以及向放电电路充电，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电；
    所述控制板卡控制所述放电电路闭合；
    所述放电电路闭合后放电触发所述第一旁路开关合闸。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
    在所述控制板卡不正常工作时，第二充电电路触发所述放电电路闭合。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，其特征在于，在所述电源板卡不正常工作时，第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电之前，还包括以下步骤：
    当所述功率模块正常工作时发生故障，则闭锁所有所述功率模块的驱动命令。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一充电电路向所述放电电路充电包括：
    第一电容充电至所述第一电容电压达到第一稳压器的第一阈值时，所述第一稳压器击穿；
    所述第一电容通过所述第一稳压器、第一电阻为第二电容充电。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的功率模块冗余取能电路的控制方法，其特征在于，所述第二充电电路代替控制板卡控制所述放电电路闭合包括：
    第一电容继续充电至所述第一电容电压达到第二稳压器的第二阈值时，所述第二稳压器击穿并触发第二开关合闸。
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JP6999043B2 (ja) 2022-01-18
KR102379353B1 (ko) 2022-03-28
CA3089494A1 (en) 2019-08-08
DK3731392T3 (da) 2021-12-06
EP3731392A4 (en) 2020-12-23
JP2021513317A (ja) 2021-05-20
EP3731392A1 (en) 2020-10-28
KR20200111800A (ko) 2020-09-29
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US11264891B2 (en) 2022-03-01
CN108111007B (zh) 2020-09-08
CN108111007A (zh) 2018-06-01

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