WO2019148990A1 - 双极性铅酸蓄电池 - Google Patents

双极性铅酸蓄电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019148990A1
WO2019148990A1 PCT/CN2018/122326 CN2018122326W WO2019148990A1 WO 2019148990 A1 WO2019148990 A1 WO 2019148990A1 CN 2018122326 W CN2018122326 W CN 2018122326W WO 2019148990 A1 WO2019148990 A1 WO 2019148990A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
battery
cover
common pressure
bipolar lead
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/122326
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林子进
Original Assignee
林子进
陈双应
陈欢平
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 林子进, 陈双应, 陈欢平 filed Critical 林子进
Priority to JP2020562812A priority Critical patent/JP7064119B2/ja
Priority to EP18903670.0A priority patent/EP3748761A4/en
Priority to US16/963,341 priority patent/US11522228B2/en
Priority to RU2020125817A priority patent/RU2741534C1/ru
Publication of WO2019148990A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148990A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/18—Lead-acid accumulators with bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/14—Assembling a group of electrodes or separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/184—Sealing members characterised by their shape or structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/19—Sealing members characterised by the material
    • H01M50/193—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/367—Internal gas exhaust passages forming part of the battery cover or case; Double cover vent systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
    • H01M50/618—Pressure control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of batteries, and relates to a bipolar lead-acid storage battery, in particular to a bipolar lead-acid storage battery with a common pressure in a gas separation chamber.
  • the structure of the bipolar lead-acid battery includes a positive electrode end plate, a plurality of bipolar plates, a negative electrode end plate, a separator, an electrolyte, a battery well, and a battery cover.
  • the bipolar plate is formed by coating the positive electrode paste and the negative electrode paste on both sides of the bipolar substrate, and the design of the bipolar plate improves the utilization of the lead paste and the specific energy of the battery.
  • the applicant has designed a bipolar lead-acid battery and applied for a Chinese patent (application number: 201710179695.8; publication number: CN106876804A), the bipolar lead-acid battery includes a housing having an upper opening and Connected to a top cover having a cavity above the housing, the housing is provided with parallel arranged bipolar plates and the housing inner cavity is divided into a plurality of flat rectangular compartments through the bipolar plates, and a flat battery sheet is arranged in the compartment a cover plate is disposed on the upper opening of the casing, the lower side of the cover plate is sealingly connected with the bipolar plate, and the upper side of the cover plate is sealingly connected with the top cover, and the cavity of the top cover is divided into the same number and the number of the compartments
  • the air chambers are independent of each other, and the plurality of air chambers are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of compartments and communicate with the through holes formed in the cover plates, and each of the air chambers is connected with a one-way
  • the lead-acid battery connects each compartment to separate air chambers, so that each compartment has an independent exhaust passage to avoid micro-short circuit and self-discharge caused by electrolyte mutual enthalpy. It ensures the normal use of the battery and improves the performance of the battery.
  • the battery cells in each compartment are respectively vented through a gas chamber and a one-way valve connected to the gas chamber, that is, the battery cells in each compartment are completely
  • the separation is such that the internal cavity of each battery cell is filled with electrolyte and the internal pressure is inconsistent after charging, and the inconsistent internal pressure will damage the structure of the battery, resulting in a decrease in battery performance and ultimately affecting the service life.
  • the bipolar battery that automatically balances the internal pressure of the single cell and shares the safety valve (application number: 03133542.X; its announcement number: CN1220289C), the bipolar battery is in the middle
  • the unit cell, the side unit battery, the safety valve, the diaphragm and the like are composed of the structure, the middle unit battery is composed of a frame, a bipolar substrate, a positive plate and a negative plate, the bipolar substrate is fixed in the frame, and the positive plate is fixed at On one side of the bipolar substrate, the negative plate is fixed on the other side of the bipolar substrate, and a through hole is formed in the upper portion of the bipolar substrate, and the through hole connects all the cells of the intermediate cell and the side cell.
  • a through hole is formed in the pressure plate on the outer side of the side unit battery and a safety valve is arranged, so that the inner cavity of the single battery in the battery is connected to the safety valve at the side of the battery through several through holes, sharing a safety The valve ensures that the internal pressure of each individual battery in the battery can be kept consistent to ensure the service life of the battery.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bipolar lead-acid battery for the above problems existing in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved is how to improve the service life of the lead-acid battery under the premise that the lead-acid battery can be successfully produced.
  • a bipolar lead-acid battery comprising a housing having a battery chamber therein and a plurality of unit cells disposed in the battery chamber, the unit cells each having an inner cavity for injecting the electrolyte and the inside of the unit battery
  • the chambers are independent of each other, and the housing is located above the battery chamber and further has a plurality of gas distribution chambers in one-to-one correspondence with the inner chambers of the single cells, wherein the housing further has a common pressure chamber, all of which are The gas distribution chamber is in communication with the common pressure chamber through a vent hole.
  • the inner cavity of each single cell can be connected to the same common pressure chamber through the gas distribution chamber and the exhaust hole in sequence, that is, the inner cavity of several single cells is connected, thereby avoiding the cause.
  • the internal pressure of each unit cell is inconsistent and the structure inside the battery is destroyed, which ensures the normal use of the battery.
  • the inner cavities of the individual cells in the bipolar lead-acid battery are independent of each other, and in the process of internalization, filling the inner cavity of each unit cell can maintain the electrolysis of each unit cell. The liquid does not cross each other and causes a short circuit.
  • the bipolar lead-acid battery achieves the technical purpose of the common pressure in the gas separation chamber.
  • the common pressure chamber is located above the gas separation chamber, and the exhaust holes are respectively connected to the bottom of the common pressure chamber.
  • the gas generated in the single cell is naturally rising, and the common pressure chamber is disposed above each of the gas separation chambers, so that the gas can be smoothly transported to the common pressure chamber to achieve the common pressure of each single cell, thereby avoiding the individual monomers.
  • the internal pressure of the battery is inconsistent and the structure inside the battery is destroyed, which ensures the normal use of the battery.
  • a venting cap made of an insulating material is connected to the vent hole of the gas distribution chamber. Since the battery will self-discharge when not in use, the air hole umbrella cap can be used to insulate the individual cells when the battery is not in use, so as to avoid self-discharge between adjacent cells. The mutual influence leads to an increase in the current of self-discharge, and the ventilating umbrella cap is used for better insulation between the single cell and the single cell, and avoids the monomer caused by the connection of each single cell to the common pressure chamber. The self-discharge current between the batteries is too large to ensure the service life of the battery.
  • the ventilating canopy includes a cylindrical connecting portion, and an upper end of the connecting portion is folded outward to form an annular umbrella portion, and the casing is located in the vent hole
  • the upper end has an exhaust portion that protrudes upward in a cylindrical shape, and the connecting portion is inserted or sleeved on the exhaust portion.
  • the inner cavity, the gas distribution chamber and the common pressure chamber of the single cell are in a connected state, and after the electrolyte in the single cell vaporizes into the common pressure chamber, the small water droplet formed by the cold will drip on the outer surface of the air hole umbrella cap. Since the bottom surface of the common pressure chamber is used, the self-discharge current is likely to be excessive between the individual cells.
  • the upper end of the vent hole has an exhaust portion protruding upward in a cylindrical shape, and the exhaust portion extends into the common pressure chamber and is higher than the bottom surface of the common pressure chamber to further prevent the electrolyte from flowing into the common pressure chamber, thereby avoiding each The electrolyte of the single cells is paralyzed to cause a short circuit.
  • the unit cell includes a ring-shaped sealing apron and a positive electrode plate, a separator, and a negative electrode plate, which are disposed opposite to the other side of the separator
  • Each has a substrate, the sealing apron is connected between the outer edges of the two substrates and a seal is formed between the three, the inner cavity of the single cell is located in the sealing rubber ring, and the sealing rubber ring is further A through hole for communicating the inner cavity with the gas separation chamber is opened. It is ensured that the individual cells are independent of each other, and it is better to avoid short circuit during formation.
  • the unit cell further includes a separator made of an insulating material disposed between the two substrates. Providing a diaphragm made of an insulating material in each unit cell can effectively prevent micro-short circuit phenomenon occurring during charging and discharging of the battery, thereby ensuring the service life of the battery.
  • the separator has a square ring shape, the substrate and the separator are square, the length of the outer side of the separator is not less than the length of the substrate, and the width of the outer side of the separator is not less than that of the substrate. Width, the inner length of the diaphragm is smaller than the length of the partition, and the width of the inner side of the diaphragm is smaller than the width of the partition.
  • the four peripheral edges of the substrate protrude from the electrode, and a diaphragm is disposed between the outer edges of the substrate to avoid electron exchange between the edges of the substrate during charging and discharging, thereby causing short-circuit between the electrodes in the middle portion of the substrate.
  • the length and width of the inside of the diaphragm are smaller than the length and width of the separator, so that each of the cells is ion-exchanged through the separator during the reaction.
  • the middle portion of the separator has a plurality of ribs.
  • the arrangement of the ribs ensures that the diaphragm itself is not easily deformed.
  • the housing includes a battery case connected from bottom to top, a gas chamber cover, a gas chamber middle cover, and a common pressure chamber cover, wherein the battery chamber is located in the battery case A plurality of the gas separation chambers are formed between the gas chamber cover and the gas chamber middle cover, and the common pressure chamber is formed between the gas chamber middle cover and the common pressure chamber cover.
  • the upper part of the casing is connected in a three-layer structure, so that when the battery is produced, the gas chamber cover and the gas chamber middle cover are first installed, the electrolyte is filled, and the battery is formed into a battery. After the completion of the formation, the acid is extracted, and the air hole umbrella cap is added. The battery is completed by reinstalling a common pressure chamber cover and a safety valve that can connect the common pressure chamber to the outside of the housing.
  • the gas chamber cover includes a bottom plate and a plurality of partition plates vertically fixed to the upper side of the bottom plate, the partition plates are staggered and the gas separation chambers are separated between the partition plates
  • the lower side of the inner cover of the air chamber abuts against a plurality of the upper ends of the spacer and forms a seal, and the exhaust hole is opened on the inner cover of the air chamber.
  • a plurality of gas distribution chambers are separated by vertically arranged partitions, so that each gas distribution chamber has a corresponding single battery.
  • the bipolar lead acid battery has the following advantages:
  • the setting of the common pressure chamber of the battery keeps the internal pressure of several single cells in the battery consistent, which ensures the structure and reaction balance between the individual cells in the battery, and ensures the normal use of the battery. .
  • the arrangement of the diaphragm effectively prevents the positive and negative plates in the single cell from ion exchange.
  • the electrolyte does not pass through the separator, resulting in micro-short circuit of the battery, further ensuring the successful production and normal use of the battery.
  • Each unit cell is sealed by a ring-shaped sealing rubber ring to form a single unit, which can ensure the independence between each unit cell and facilitate the installation of the housing.
  • the air hole umbrella cap made of insulating material is provided at the communication chamber between the gas distribution chamber and the common pressure chamber, which can effectively avoid the phenomenon of self-discharge of the battery.
  • 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Fig. 1 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic exploded view of the housing of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the bipolar lead-acid battery opening the common pressure chamber cover.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gas chamber cover of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure in which a plurality of single cells in the bipolar lead-acid battery are stacked in sequence.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view showing a plurality of single cells in the bipolar lead-acid battery stacked in sequence.
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional structural view showing a single cell in the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 9 is a partial enlarged view of the portion B of Figure 8 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of the portion C of Figure 7 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a sealing apron in the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the portion D of Figure 11 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the separator of the first embodiment of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view showing the structure of Figure 13 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the A-A of Figure 13 in the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the separator of the second embodiment of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • 17 is a schematic structural view of a separator of the third embodiment of the present bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of the ventilated umbrella cap of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the four-hole umbrella cap of the bipolar lead-acid battery embodiment.
  • 20 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the fifth safety valve of the bipolar lead-acid battery.
  • the present bipolar lead-acid battery includes a housing 1 having a battery chamber 11a therein, a plurality of unit cells 2 disposed in the battery chamber 11a, and a safety valve connected to the outside of the housing 1. 3.
  • the reaction processes of the plurality of single cells 2 in the battery chamber 11a are independent, each of the single cells 2 has a cavity 21 for injecting the electrolyte, and the inner chambers 21 of the plurality of cells 2 are independent of each other.
  • the housing 1 is located above the battery chamber 11a and has a plurality of mutually independent gas distribution chambers 12a.
  • the number of the gas distribution chambers 12a and the single cells 2 are the same and the inner chambers of the plurality of gas distribution chambers 12a and the plurality of single cells 2 are provided. 21-one corresponding communication, the housing 1 is located above the gas distribution chamber 12a and has a common pressure chamber 14a. The plurality of gas distribution chambers 12a are respectively communicated to the bottom of the common pressure chamber 14a through the exhaust hole 13a, and the safety valve 3 is connected thereto. The exhaust port 14b of the common pressure chamber 14a is described.
  • the casing 1 includes a battery can 11 connected in this order from the bottom to the top, a plenum cover 12, a plenum cover 13, and a common pressure chamber cover 14.
  • the upper side of the battery can 11 is recessed to form the above-described battery chamber 11a, and the plenum cover 12 is hermetically sealed at the opening of the upper end of the battery can 11.
  • the battery can 11 is formed by splicing a plurality of end plates.
  • the air chamber cover 12 includes a bottom plate 12b and a plurality of partition plates 12c vertically fixed to the upper side of the bottom plate 12b.
  • the plurality of partition plates 12c are staggered in the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction and are disposed between the partition plates 12c.
  • a plurality of air separation chambers 12a having a rectangular parallelepiped shape are partitioned, and a plurality of air separation chambers 12a are open on the upper side. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • the ventilating umbrella cap 6 includes a cylindrical connecting portion 61, and the upper end of the connecting portion 61 is folded outward to form an annular umbrella portion 62, an umbrella portion.
  • a concave annular groove 63 is formed between the 62 and the connecting portion 61.
  • the groove bottom surface 63a of the annular groove 63 is a flat surface and is located above the umbrella edge 62a.
  • the housing 1 is located at the upper end of the vent hole 13a and has an exhaust portion 13b protruding upwardly in a cylindrical shape.
  • the exhaust portion 13b is integrally connected with the inner cover 13 of the air chamber, and the connecting portion 61 of the air vent cap 6 is inserted or sleeved. It is connected to the exhaust portion 13b, and the two can be fixed by glue or tight fitting.
  • the upper surface of the inner cover 13 of the air chamber is provided with a positioning groove 13c.
  • the lower end of the common pressure chamber cover 14 is inserted into the positioning groove 13c and is sealed and sealed on the upper side of the air chamber cover 13 by a sealant, and the air chamber middle cover 13 and the common pressure
  • the common pressure chamber 14a is formed between the chamber cover 14 and the top of the common pressure chamber 14a, that is, the common pressure chamber cover 14 is provided with an exhaust port 14b, and the safety valve 3 is sealed and connected to the exhaust port 14b.
  • the safety valve in this embodiment is a conventional safety valve on the market.
  • the unit cells 2 in the battery chamber 11a are sequentially arranged in parallel, and the unit cells include a positive electrode plate 22 and a separator 23 which are each stacked in a square plate shape.
  • the negative electrode plate 24 the positive electrode plate 22 has a substrate with respect to the other side of the separator 23 and the other side of the negative electrode plate 24 with respect to the separator 23.
  • the partition 23 is an AGM separator paper, and two or more AGM separator sheets may be disposed between the positive electrode plate 22 and the negative electrode plate 24.
  • a diaphragm 5 made of an insulating acid-proof material is further disposed between the two substrates, and the separator 23 is two pieces, and the positive electrode plate 22 and the negative electrode plate 24 are respectively located outside the two plate separators 23, and the diaphragm 5 is disposed. Between the two partitions 23.
  • the length and width dimensions of the substrate are greater than the length and width of the positive and negative plates 22, 24, and the edges of the substrate extend beyond the outer edges of the positive and negative plates 22.
  • the diaphragm 5 has a square ring shape, and includes a fixing plate 52 and a positioning plate 53 arranged in parallel.
  • the fixing plate 52 and the positioning plate 53 are integrally connected by the connecting plate 54, and the positioning plate
  • the through hole 53a through which the electrolyte is passed is opened, the fixing plate 52 is disposed between the outer edges of the two substrates, and the positioning plate 53 is disposed between the two partition plates 23.
  • the outer dimension of the diaphragm 5 is the same as the outer dimension of the substrate, and may be larger than the outer dimension of the substrate, that is, the outer dimension of the fixing plate 52 is substantially the same as the base dimension, and the diaphragm 5 is disposed between the outer edges of the substrate to avoid the process of charging and discharging. In the middle, electron exchange occurs between the edges of the substrate, causing short circuits between the electrodes in the middle of the substrate.
  • the inner dimension of the diaphragm 5 is smaller than that of the separator 23, that is, the inner dimension of the positioning plate 53 is smaller than the outer dimension of the separator, so that each of the unit cells 2 is ion-exchanged through the separator 23 during the reaction.
  • a square annular sealing rubber ring 4 as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 is also sealed and sealed between the outer edges of the two substrates.
  • the sealing rubber ring 4 is a one-piece structure, and between the two substrates and the sealing rubber ring 4
  • the inner cavity 21 is formed, that is, each of the unit cells 2 has a seal rubber ring 4.
  • the single cell 2 arranged on the outermost side is shown, the substrate on the side of the negative electrode plate 24 is the electrode substrate 26, and the substrate on the side of the positive electrode plate 22 is bipolar.
  • the other side of the bipolar substrate 25 is a negative electrode plate 24, and the positive electrode plate 22, the bipolar substrate 25, and the negative electrode plate 24 form a bipolar plate.
  • the other unit cells 2 arranged in the middle are located on both sides of the positive electrode plate 22 and the negative electrode plate 24 as bipolar substrates 25, as shown in Figs.
  • the bottom plate 12b of the air chamber cover 12 is provided with a plurality of insertion holes 12d at the top of each of the unit cells 2, and the insertion holes 12d can separate the battery chamber 11a and the air.
  • the top of the sealing rubber ring 4 is connected to the insertion hole 12d and is sealingly connected to the bottom plate 12b, and the insertion portion 41 is opened.
  • the inner chamber 21 of each unit cell 2 can be sequentially connected to the same common pressure chamber 14a through the through hole 41a, the air separation chamber 12a, and the exhaust hole 13a of the sealing rubber ring 4. That is, the inner chambers 21 of the plurality of unit cells 2 are connected to each other, and the internal structure of the battery due to the inconsistent internal pressure of the respective unit cells 2 is prevented from being broken. At the same time, the inner chambers 21 of the respective unit cells 2 in the bipolar lead-acid battery are independent of each other.
  • the inner cells of the individual cells 2 are filled with electrolyte to maintain the individual cells 2
  • electrolyte is ascended due to the expansion and contraction of the plates, and the electrolyte in each of the cells 2 is separated in each of the gas separation chambers 12a, A short circuit will occur.
  • the sealing rubber ring 4 can adopt a split structure and is integrally joined by gluing or the like; as shown in FIG. 14, the middle portion of the diaphragm 5 has a plurality of laterally disposed ribs 51 for increasing the strength of the diaphragm 5 itself. It is not easily deformed, ensuring its isolation between the two bipolar substrates 25.
  • the middle portion of the diaphragm 5 has a plurality of ribs 51 staggered in the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction for increasing the strength of the diaphragm 5 itself, so that it is not easily deformed, and the counter electrode substrate 26 and the bipolar substrate 25 are ensured. Inter-isolation between the two bipolar substrates 25.
  • the ventilating canopy 6 includes a cylindrical connecting portion 61.
  • the upper end of the connecting portion 61 is folded outward to form an annular umbrella portion 62, and the umbrella portion 62 and the connecting portion 61 are formed therebetween.
  • the concave annular groove 63, the annular groove 63 in this embodiment is a V-shaped groove 64. After the air hole umbrella cap 6 is mounted to the exhaust portion 13b, the umbrella edge 62a is lower than the groove bottom of the V-shaped groove 64.
  • the small water droplets which are cold-dropped by the electrolyte vaporization can be prevented from entering the V-shaped groove 64, so that the small water droplets on the outer surface of the air-hole umbrella cap and the small water droplets at the bottom of the common pressure chamber 14a are blocked by the V-shaped groove 64, so that the ring is passed through the ring.
  • the umbrella portion can well realize electrical shielding between the two adjacent exhaust holes 13a, avoiding the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery, and does not affect the normal exhaust at the exhaust hole 13a.
  • the safety valve in this embodiment includes a fixing seat 14c which is disposed in a cylindrical shape on the common pressure chamber cover 14, a connecting post 14d disposed in the fixing seat 14c, and is connected to the connecting post 14d.
  • the bonnet 7 and the valve cover 8 fixedly connected to the common pressure chamber cover 14.
  • the fixing seat 14c protrudes from the lower surface of the common pressure chamber cover 14, and the fixing seat 14c has a positioning surface 14e lower than the upper surface of the common pressure chamber cover 14; the connecting post 14d is disposed in the fixing seat 14c, and protrudes from the fixing seat 14c
  • the inner bottom surface, the exhaust port 14b penetrates the connecting post 14d in the axial direction; the height of the connecting post 14d is lower than the height of the fixing seat 14c, and the exhaust port 14b can communicate with the inner cavity of the fixing seat 14c; the connecting post 14d in this embodiment
  • the fixing seat 14c and the common pressure chamber cover 14 are integrated.
  • the bonnet 7 is made of a rubber material having elasticity, the bonnet 7 has a single-head opening in a cylindrical shape, and the bonnet 7 is sleeved at the upper end of the connecting post 14d and tightly fitted with the connecting post 14d; the valve cover 8 is plate-shaped, The air valve cover 8 is provided with two air outlet holes 81.
  • the air valve cover 8 is fixedly connected to the common pressure chamber cover 14, and the lower surface of the air valve cover 8 abuts against the positioning surface 14e of the fixed seat 14c.
  • the top surface of the gas valve cover 8 is flush with the upper surface of the common pressure chamber cover 14 or lower than the upper surface of the common pressure chamber cover 14; one end of the two air outlet holes 81 on the gas valve cover 8 and the fixed seat 14c
  • the inner chambers are connected and the other end is connected to the outside.
  • the pressure in the common pressure chamber 14a is too large, the gas in the common pressure chamber 14a presses the bonnet 7 through the exhaust port 14b, and the bonnet 7 expands to form a gap with the connecting post 14d, and the gas enters the fixed seat 14c through the gap.
  • the chamber is discharged through the air outlet 81 on the air valve cover 8, so that the pressure in the common pressure chamber 14a is in a safe state.

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Abstract

一种双极性铅酸蓄电池，属于蓄电池技术领域，包括内部具有电池腔（11a）的壳体（1）以及设置于电池腔（11a）内的数个单体电池（2），所述单体电池（2）均具有供电解液注入的内腔（21）且所述单体电池（2）的内腔（21）相互独立，所述壳体（1）内位于上述电池腔（11a）上方还具有数个与单体电池（2）的内腔（21）一一对应连通的分气室（12a），所述壳体（1）内还具有共压腔（14a），所有所述分气室（12a）分别通过排气孔（13a）与所述共压腔（14a）相连通。双极性铅酸蓄电池具有能成功制作且能正常使用的优点，解决了现有的蓄电池使用寿命短和制作不成功的问题。

Description

双极性铅酸蓄电池 技术领域
本发明属于蓄电池技术领域，涉及一种双极性铅酸蓄电池，尤其涉及一种分气室共压力的双极性铅酸蓄电池。
背景技术
双极性铅酸蓄电池的结构包括正极端板、若干个双极性极板、负极端板、隔板、电解液、电池槽以及电池盖等。其中，双极性极板是由双极性基板的两面分别涂上正极膏和负极膏形成的，通过该双极性极板的设计，使得铅膏利用率提高，电池的比能量高。
例如，申请人设计了一种双极性铅酸蓄电池并申请了中国专利(其申请号为：201710179695.8；其公布号为：CN106876804A)，该双极性铅酸蓄电池包括具有上开口的壳体和连接于壳体上方具有空腔的顶盖，壳体内设有平行排列的双极板且通过双极板将壳体内腔分隔成若干扁平状的矩形隔室，在隔室内设有扁平的电池单体，壳体的上开口上设有盖板，盖板的下侧面与双极板密封连接且盖板的上侧面与顶盖密封连接，顶盖的空腔分隔成数量与隔室数量相同且相互独立的气室，若干气室与若干隔室一一对应并通过开设在盖板上的通孔相连通，每个气室均连接有单向阀。该铅酸蓄电池将每个隔室分别连通至相互独立的气室中，使得每个隔室均具有一条独立的排气通路，避免出现电解液互窜而导致的微短路、自放电等现象，保证了电池正常使用，提高了蓄电池的性能。
但是，上述双极性铅酸蓄电池中，每个隔室中的电池单体分别通过一个气室以及与该气室连接的单向阀实现排气，即各个隔室中的电池单体完全被分隔开，使得各个电池单体的内腔中注满 电解液并充电后容易出现内压不一致的情况，而不一致的内压将破坏电池的结构导致电池性能下降，最终影响使用寿命。
为此，人们还设计了一种单体电池内压自动平衡并共用安全阀的双极性蓄电池(其申请号为：03133542.X；其公告号为：CN1220289C)，该双极性蓄电池由中间单体电池、侧边单体电池、安全阀、隔膜等结构组成，中间单体电池由边框、双极性基板、正极板和负极板组成，双极性基板固定在边框内，正极板固定在双极性基板一侧，负极板固定在双极性基板的另一侧，双极性基板上部开设有通孔，该通孔将中间单体电池、侧边单体电池的内腔全部连通，并在侧边单体电池外侧的压板上开设通孔并设置安全阀，使得蓄电池内的素有单体电池的内腔通过数个通孔均连通至蓄电池侧部的安全阀处，共用一个安全阀，使得蓄电池内部各个单体电池的内压能保持一致，保证蓄电池的使用寿命。
但是，蓄电池在内化成的过程中，需要在组装后的蓄电池内注满电解液并充电，上述双极性蓄电池中各个单体电池的内腔之间通过通孔完全连通，则在进行内化成时，容易造成内部短路而严重影响蓄电池内化成，最终导致蓄电池制作失败。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提出了一种双极性铅酸蓄电池，所要解决的技术问题是如何在铅酸蓄电池能成功制作的前提下提高铅酸蓄电池的使用寿命。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：
双极性铅酸蓄电池，包括内部具有电池腔的壳体以及设置于电池腔内的数个单体电池，所述单体电池均具有供电解液注入的内腔且所述单体电池的内腔相互独立，所述壳体内位于上述电池腔上方还具有数个与单体电池的内腔一一对应连通的分气室，其特征在于，所述壳体内还具有共压腔，所有所述分气室分别通过 排气孔与所述共压腔相连通。
本双极性铅酸蓄电池中，各个单体电池的内腔能依次通过分气室、排气孔连通至同一个共压腔内，即数个单体电池的内腔实现连通，避免了因各个单体电池的内压不一致而造成蓄电池内结构被破坏的情况，保证了蓄电池的正常使用。同时，本双极性铅酸蓄电池中的各个单体电池的内腔均相互独立，在内化成的过程中，往各个单体电池内腔中注满电解液也能保持各个单体电池的电解液不会互窜而造成短路，即便在充电过程中，因极板产生膨胀收缩而发生电解液上行的现象，各个单体电池内的电解液仍被分隔在各个分气室中，不会发生短路的情况，保证了电池的正常使用，并延长了电池的使用寿命。即本双极性铅酸蓄电池达到了分气室共压力的技术目的。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述共压腔位于所述分气室的上方，所述排气孔分别连通至所述共压腔的底部。单体电池内产生的气体在自然上行，将共压腔设置于各个分气室的上方，可保证气体顺利地输送至共压腔内实现各个单体电池的共压力，避免了因各个单体电池的内压不一致而造成蓄电池内结构被破坏的情况，保证了蓄电池的正常使用。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述分气室的排气孔处均连接有采用绝缘材料制成的气孔伞帽。由于蓄电池在不使用的情况下都会发生自放电的情况，通过气孔伞帽的设置可在蓄电池不使用时将各个单体电池之间绝缘，避免相邻的单体电池之间在自放电时发生相互影响进而导致自放电的电流增大，并且气孔伞帽用于使单体电池与单体电池之间的绝缘性能更好，避免因各个单体电池均连通至共压腔处而导致单体电池之间自放电电流过大的情况，保证蓄电池的使用寿命。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述气孔伞帽包括呈筒状的连接部，该连接部的上端向外翻折形成环状的伞状部，所述壳体 位于上述排气孔上端处具有向上凸出呈筒状的排气部，所述连接部插接或者套接在所述排气部上。
单体电池的内腔、分气室、共压腔处于连通状态，单体电池内的电解液汽化进入到共压腔后，遇冷形成的小水珠会滴附在气孔伞帽的外表面、共压腔的底面，因此各个单体电池之间容易出现自放电电流过大的情况。将气孔伞帽连接部上端向外翻折形成环状的伞状部，即伞状部与连接部之间具有内凹的环形槽，气孔伞帽外表面的小水珠与共压腔底部的小水珠被内凹的环形槽隔断，并且气孔伞帽本身又采用绝缘材料制成，因此通过环形的伞状部可很好的实现两个相邻排气孔之间的电屏蔽，避免蓄电池的自放电现象，且不影响排气孔处的正常排气。
排气孔上端处具有向上凸出呈筒状的排气部，该排气部伸入到共压腔内，并高于共压腔底面,进一步预防电解液涌入共压腔内，避免各个单体电池的电解液互窜而造成短路。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述单体电池包括呈环形的密封胶圈以及依次设置正极板、隔板和负极板，所述正极板和负极板相对于隔板的另一侧分别具有基板，所述密封胶圈连接在两个基板的外沿之间且三者之间形成密封，所述单体电池的内腔位于所述密封胶圈内，所述密封胶圈上还开设有用于将内腔与所述分气室相连通的通孔。保证各个单体电池之间的相互独立，能更好地避免化成时产生短路。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述单体电池还包括设置于两个基板之间的采用绝缘材料制成的隔膜。在每个单体电池内设置绝缘材料制成的隔膜可有效阻止蓄电池充放电的过程中出现的微短路现象，保证了蓄电池的使用寿命。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述隔膜呈方环状，所述的基板以及隔板均呈方形，所述隔膜外侧的长度不小于基板的长度，隔膜外侧的宽度不小于基板的宽度，所述隔膜内侧长度小于隔板 的长度，隔膜内侧的宽度小于隔板的宽度。基板的四周边沿凸出于电极，在基板的外沿之间设置隔膜，可避免充放电的过程中，基板的边沿之间发生电子交换，造成基板中部的电极之间被短路。隔膜内侧的长度和宽度都小于隔板的长度和宽度，使得每只单体电池在反应过程中，都要通过隔板进行离子交换。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述隔膜中部具有数根筋条。通过筋条的设置可保证隔膜自身不易变形。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述壳体包括自下而上连接的电池壳、气室盖板、气室中盖以及共压腔封盖，所述电池腔位于上述电池壳内，所述气室盖板和气室中盖之间形成数个上述分气室，所述气室中盖与所述共压腔封盖之间形成上述共压腔。将壳体上部分成三层结构连接，使得蓄电池在生产时，先装上气室盖板和气室中盖，注满电解液，进入电池化成，化成完后，抽酸，加气孔伞帽，再装上共压腔封盖以及能将共压腔与壳体外侧相连通的安全阀，电池完成。
在上述的双极性铅酸蓄电池中，所述气室盖板包括底板以及竖直固定于底板上侧的数个隔离板，所述隔离板交错设置且隔离板之间分隔出上述分气室，所述气室中盖的下侧与数个所述隔离板上端相抵靠并形成密封，所述排气孔开设于所述气室中盖上。通过竖直设立的隔板分隔出数个分气室，使每个分气室都有对应的单体电池。
与现有技术相比，本双极性铅酸蓄电池具有以下优点：
1、蓄电池通过共压腔的设置使得蓄电池内的数个单体电池的内压保持一致，很好地保证了蓄电池内各个单体电池之间的结构以及反应均衡性，保证了蓄电池的正常使用。
2、隔膜的设置有效阻止了单体电池内正、负极板离子交换时，电解液未通过隔板进行传递，造成电池微短路现象，进一步保证了蓄电池的成功制作以及正常使用。
3、通过呈环形的密封胶圈将每个单体电池密封形成单独的整体，既能保证每个单体电池之间的独立性，又能方便壳体的安装。
4、分气室与共压腔连通处设置绝缘材料制成的气孔伞帽，能有效避免蓄电池的自放电的现象。
附图说明
图1是本双极性铅酸蓄电池的剖视结构示意图。
图2是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图1中A处的局部放大图。
图3是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中壳体的分解结构示意图。
图4是本双极性铅酸蓄电池打开共压腔封盖的结构示意图。
图5是本双极性铅酸蓄电池装上气室盖板的结构示意图。
图6是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中数个单体电池依次叠放的结构示意图。
图7是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中数个单体电池依次叠放后的剖面结构示意图。
图8是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中单体电池的剖视结构示意图。
图9是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图8的B处局部放大图。
图10是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图7的C处局部放大图。
图11是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中密封胶圈的结构示意图。
图12是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图11的D处放大图。
图13是本双极性铅酸蓄电池实施例一的隔膜的结构示意图。
图14是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图13的立体结构示意图。
图15是本双极性铅酸蓄电池中图13的A—A剖面结构示意图。
图16是本双极性铅酸蓄电池实施例二的隔膜的结构示意图。
图17是本双极性铅酸蓄电池实施例三的隔膜的结构示意图。
图18是本双极性铅酸蓄电池气孔伞帽的结构示意图。
图19是本双极性铅酸蓄电池实施例四气孔伞帽的剖面结构 示意图。
图20是本双极性铅酸蓄电池实施例五安全阀的剖面结构示意图。
图中，1、壳体；11、电池壳；11a、电池腔；12、气室盖板；12a、分气室；12b、底板；12c、隔离板；12d、插接孔；13、气室中盖；13a、排气孔；13b、排气部；13c、定位槽；14、共压腔封盖；14a、共压腔；14b、排气口；14c、固定座；14d、连接柱；14e、定位面；2、单体电池；21、内腔；22、正极板；23、隔板；24、负极板；25、双极性基板；26、电极基板；3、安全阀；4、密封胶圈；41、插接部；41a、通孔；5、隔膜；51、筋条；52、固定板；53、定位板；53a、贯通孔；54、连接板；6、气孔伞帽；61、连接部；62、伞状部；62a、伞状部边缘；63、环形槽；63a、凹槽底面；64、V形槽；7、阀帽；8、气阀封盖；81、出气孔。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一
如图1和图2所示，本双极性铅酸蓄电池包括内部具有电池腔11a的壳体1、设置于电池腔11a内的数个单体电池2以及连接在壳体1外侧的安全阀3。其中，电池腔11a内的数个单体电池2的反应过程各自独立，每个单体电池2内均具有供电解液注入的内腔21且数个单体电池2的内腔21相互独立，壳体1内位于电池腔11a上方还具有数个相互独立的分气室12a，分气室12a与单体电池2的数量相同且数个分气室12a与数个单体电池2的内腔21一一对应连通，壳体1内位于分气室12a上方还具有共压腔14a，数个分气室12a分别通过排气孔13a连通至共压腔14a的底部，安全阀3连接在所述共压腔14a的排气口14b处。
具体地说，如图1、2、3所示，壳体1包括自下而上依次连接的电池壳11、气室盖板12、气室中盖13以及共压腔封盖14。电池壳11上侧凹入形成上述电池腔11a，气室盖板12密封连接在电池壳11上端的开口处。这里，电池壳11由数块端板拼接形成。
如图2和图5所示，气室盖板12包括底板12b以及竖直固定于底板12b上侧的数个隔离板12c，数个隔离板12c沿横向以及纵向交错设置且隔离板12c之间分隔出数个呈长方体状的分气室12a，数个分气室12a上侧均开口。如图2和图4所示，气室中盖13的下侧与数个隔离板12c上端相抵靠并形成密封，各个分气室12a的排气孔13a均贯穿开设于气室中盖13上，且排气孔13a处均连接有采用绝缘耐酸材料制成的气孔伞帽6。如图1、图2、图4和图18所示，气孔伞帽6包括呈筒状的连接部61，该连接部61的上端向外翻折形成环状的伞状部62，伞状部62与连接部61之间形成内凹的环形槽63，环形槽63的凹槽底面63a为一平面，且位于伞状部边缘62a的上方。壳体1位于排气孔13a上端处具有向上凸出呈筒状的排气部13b，该排气部13b与气室中盖13连为一体，气孔伞帽6的连接部61插接或者套接在排气部13b上，且两者之间可通过胶水或紧配合等方式实现固定。气室中盖13上表面开设有定位槽13c,共压腔封盖14下端插接在定位槽13c内并通过密封胶密封连接在气室中盖13上侧，且气室中盖13与共压腔封盖14之间形成上述共压腔14a，共压腔14a的顶部，即共压腔封盖14上贯穿开设有排气口14b，该排气口14b处密封连接有上述安全阀3，本实施例中的安全阀为市场上常规的安全阀。
如图5、6、7、8、9、10所示，电池腔11a内的单体电池2依次平行排列，单体电池包括依次叠放的均呈方板状的正极板22、隔板23以及负极板24，正极板22相对于隔板23的另一侧以及负极板24相对于隔板23的另一侧分别具有基板。这里，隔 板23为AGM隔板纸，正极板22和负极板24之间可设置两张或两张以上的AGM隔板纸。本实施例中在两个基板之间还设置有采用绝缘耐酸材料制成的隔膜5，隔板23为两块，正极板22和负极板24分别位于两板隔板23的外侧，隔膜5设置在两隔板23之间。
在本实施例中，基板的长度和宽度尺寸均大于正极板22以及负极板24的长度和宽度，基板四周的边沿均伸出正极板22以及负极板24的外沿。
如图9、10、13、14、15所示，隔膜5呈方形环状，包括平行设置的固定板52和定位板53，固定板52和定位板53通过连接板54连为一体，定位板53上开有供电解液通过的贯通孔53a,固定板52设置在两基板外沿之间，定位板53设置在两隔板23之间。隔膜5的外尺寸与基板外尺寸大小相同，也可比基板外尺寸大，即固定板52的外侧尺寸与基尺寸大小基本相同，在基板的外沿之间设置隔膜5，可避免充放电的过程中，基板的边沿之间发生电子交换，造成基板中部的电极之间被短路。隔膜5的内尺寸比隔板23尺寸小，即定位板53内侧尺寸比隔板外侧的尺寸小，使得每只单体电池2在反应过程中，都要通过隔板23进行离子交换。
两个基板的外沿之间还密封连接有如图11和图12所示的呈方环形的密封胶圈4，该密封胶圈4为一体式结构，两个基板以及密封胶圈4之间即形成上述内腔21，即每个单体电池2上均具有密封胶圈4。如图8和图9所示，图中示出的为排列于最外侧的单体电池2，其位于负极板24一侧的基板为电极基板26，位于正极板22一侧的基板为双极性基板25，该双极性基板25的另一侧为负极板24，正极板22、双极性基板25和负极板24形成一双极性极板。其它排列于中间的单体电池2中位于正极板22和负极板24两侧均为双极性基板25，如图7和10所示。
如图3、5和图6所示，气室盖板12的底板12b上开设有若 干插接孔12d,位于各个单体电池2的顶部,且插接孔12d能将电池腔11a与分气室12a一一连通，密封胶圈4的顶部具有向上凸出的插接部41，该插接部41对应插接于插接孔12d内并与底板12b密封连接，插接部41内贯穿开设有能将单体电池2内腔21与分气室12a相连通的通孔41a。
在本双极性铅酸蓄电池中，各个单体电池2的内腔21能依次通过密封胶圈4上的通孔41a、分气室12a、排气孔13a连通至同一个共压腔14a内，即数个单体电池2的内腔21实现连通，避免了因各个单体电池2的内压不一致而造成的蓄电池内结构被破坏的情况。同时，本双极性铅酸蓄电池中的各个单体电池2的内腔21均相互独立，在化成时，往各个单体电池2内腔21中注满电解液也能保持各个单体电池2的电解液之间的相对分离，即便在充电过程中，因极板产生膨胀收缩而发生电解液上行的现象，各个单体电池2内的电解液仍被分隔在各个分气室12a中，不会发生短路的情况。
实施例二
本实施例的技术方案与实施例一大致相同，不同之处为：
密封胶圈4可采用分体式结构，并通过胶粘等方式连为一体；如图14所示，隔膜5中部具有数根横向设置的筋条51，用于增加隔膜5自身的强度，使其不易变形，保证其对两个双极性基板25之间的隔绝作用。
实施例三
本实施例的技术方案与实施例一大致相同，不同之处在于：
如图15所示，隔膜5中部具有数根沿横向以及纵向交错设置的筋条51，用于增加隔膜5自身的强度，使其不易变形，保证其对电极基板26与双极性基板25之间及两张双极性基板25之间的隔绝作用。
实施例四
本实施例的技术方案与实施例一大致相同，不同之处在于：
如图19所示，气孔伞帽6包括呈筒状的连接部61，该连接部61的上端向外翻折形成环状的伞状部62，伞状部62与连接部61之间形成内凹的环形槽63，本实施例中的环形槽63为一V形槽64，气孔伞帽6安装到排气部13b后，伞状部边缘62a低于V形槽64的槽底,此设置能避免电解液汽化遇冷滴附的小水珠进入到V形槽64内，使气孔伞帽外表面的小水珠与共压腔14a底部的小水珠被V形槽64隔断，因此通过环形的伞状部可很好的实现两个相邻排气孔13a之间的电屏蔽，避免蓄电池的自放电现象，且不影响排气孔13a处的正常排气。
实施例五
本实施例的技术方案与实施例一大致相同，不同之处在于：
如图3和20所示，本实施例中的安全阀包括设置在共压腔封盖14上呈筒状的固定座14c、设置在固定座14c内的连接柱14d、连接在连接柱14d上的阀帽7和与共压腔封盖14固定连接的气阀封盖8。固定座14c突出共压腔封盖14的下表面，且固定座14c具有低于共压腔封盖14上表面的定位面14e；连接柱14d设置在固定座14c内，且突出固定座14c的内底面，排气口14b沿轴向贯穿连接柱14d；连接柱14d的高度低于固定座14c的高度，排气口14b能与固定座14c的内腔连通；本实施例中的连接柱14d、固定座14c与共压腔封盖14为一体结构。阀帽7由具有弹性的橡胶材料制成，阀帽7单头开口呈筒状，阀帽7套接在连接柱14d上端并与连接柱14d紧配合；气阀封盖8呈板状，在气阀封盖8上开设有两个出气孔81，气阀封盖8固连在共压腔封盖14内，且气阀封盖8的下表面与固定座14c的定位面14e相抵靠，气阀封盖8的顶面与共压腔封盖14的上表面相平齐或低于共压腔封盖14的上表面；气阀封盖8上的两个出气孔81一端与固定座14c的内腔相连通，另一端与外界相连通。共压腔14a内的压力过大 时,共压腔14a内的气体通过排气口14b顶压阀帽7，阀帽7膨胀与连接柱14d形成间隙，气体通过间隙进入到固定座14c的内腔并通过气阀封盖8上的出气孔81排出，从而共压腔14a内的压力处于安全状态。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 双极性铅酸蓄电池，包括内部具有电池腔(11a)的壳体(1)以及设置于电池腔(11a)内的数个单体电池(2)，所述单体电池(2)均具有供电解液注入的内腔(21)且所述单体电池(2)的内腔(21)相互独立，所述壳体(1)内位于上述电池腔(11a)上方还具有数个与单体电池(2)的内腔(21)一一对应连通的分气室(12a)，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)内还具有共压腔(14a)，所有所述分气室(12a)分别通过排气孔(13a)与所述共压腔(14a)相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述共压腔(14a)位于所述分气室(12a)的上方，所述排气孔(13a)分别连通至所述共压腔(14a)的底部。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述分气室(12a)的排气孔(13a)处均连接有采用绝缘材料制成的气孔伞帽(6)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述气孔伞帽(6)包括呈筒状的连接部(61)，该连接部(61)的上端向外翻折形成环状的伞状部(62)，所述壳体(1)位于上述排气孔(13a)上端处具有向上凸出呈筒状的排气部(13b)，所述连接部(61)插接或者套接在所述排气部(13b)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述单体电池(2)包括呈环形的密封胶圈(4)以及依次设置正极板(22)、隔板(23)和负极板(24)，所述正极板(22)和负极板(24)相对于隔板(23)的另一侧分别具有基板，所述密封胶圈(4)连接在两个基板的外沿之间且三者之间形成密封，所述单体电池(2)的内腔(21)位于所述密封胶圈(4)内，所述密封胶圈(4)上还开设有用于将内腔(21)与所述分气室(12a)相连通的通孔(41a)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于， 所述单体电池(2)还包括设置于两个基板之间的采用绝缘材料制成的隔膜(5)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜(5)呈方环状，所述的基板以及隔板(23)均呈方形，所述隔膜(5)外侧的长度不小于基板的长度，隔膜(5)外侧的宽度不小于基板的宽度，所述隔膜(5)内侧长度小于隔板(23)的长度，隔膜(5)内侧的宽度小于隔板(23)的宽度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述隔膜(5)中部具有数根筋条(51)。
  9. 根据权利要求1或2所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述壳体(1)包括自下而上连接的电池壳(11)、气室盖板(12)、气室中盖(13)以及共压腔封盖(14)，所述电池腔(11a)位于上述电池壳(11)内，所述气室盖板(12)和气室中盖(13)之间形成数个上述分气室(12a)，所述气室中盖(13)与所述共压腔封盖(14)之间形成上述共压腔(14a)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，所述气室盖板(12)包括底板(12b)以及竖直固定于底板(12b)上侧的数个隔离板(12c)，所述隔离板(12c)交错设置且隔离板(12c)之间分隔出上述分气室(12a)，所述气室中盖(13)的下侧与数个所述隔离板(12c)上端相抵靠并形成密封，所述排气孔(13a)开设于所述气室中盖(13)上。
  11. 根据权利要求1或2所述的双极性铅酸蓄电池，其特征在于，在所述共压腔(14a)的排气口(14b)处设有安全阀(3)，安全阀(3)包括设置在共压腔封盖(14)上呈筒状的固定座(14c)、设置在固定座(14c)内的连接柱(14d)、连接在连接柱上(14d)的阀帽(7)和与共压腔封盖(14)固定连接的气阀封盖(8)。
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