WO2019148751A1 - 用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置 - Google Patents

用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019148751A1
WO2019148751A1 PCT/CN2018/092744 CN2018092744W WO2019148751A1 WO 2019148751 A1 WO2019148751 A1 WO 2019148751A1 CN 2018092744 W CN2018092744 W CN 2018092744W WO 2019148751 A1 WO2019148751 A1 WO 2019148751A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
precast concrete
retaining wall
steel
concrete retaining
steel strand
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/092744
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯和涛
李明俊
颜雪雪
王文豪
曲冰
陈城
Original Assignee
山东大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201810113427.0A external-priority patent/CN108086319B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201820192975.2U external-priority patent/CN208533528U/zh
Application filed by 山东大学 filed Critical 山东大学
Priority to US16/489,615 priority Critical patent/US10900191B2/en
Publication of WO2019148751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148751A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
    • E02D9/02—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof by withdrawing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/20—Bulkheads or similar walls made of prefabricated parts and concrete, including reinforced concrete, in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
    • E04G15/04—Cores for anchor holes or the like around anchors embedded in the concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of concrete support structures, in particular to an extraction device for precast concrete support walls.
  • the foundation pit support structure is to protect the construction of the underground main structure and the safety of the surrounding environment of the foundation pit.
  • the temporary support, reinforcement, protection and groundwater control measures for the foundation pit are often used for foundation pit protection, slope protection engineering, etc. .
  • the foundation pit support structure should be pulled out from the foundation pit for the next cycle.
  • the existing concrete support is strong.
  • the head of the concrete support wall is clamped by the chuck of the pile driver, and the vibration is used together with the vibration machine.
  • the hook is tightened, so that the concrete support wall is slowly raised.
  • the vibrating body stops vibrating until the crane can directly lift the concrete retaining wall.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pull-out device for a precast concrete support wall which can effectively prevent concrete damage and extend the service life of the concrete support wall when the concrete support wall is pulled out.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An unplugging device for prefabricated concrete retaining walls wherein the prefabricated concrete retaining wall is pre-embedded with a vertical hollow tube, and the pulling device comprises a pulling mechanism disposed in the hollow tube.
  • a lower end of the extraction mechanism is fixedly disposed inside the precast concrete support wall and located at a lower end of the hollow tube, and an upper end of the extraction mechanism is provided with a first fixing device for pulling out the pulling mechanism, the first There is no connection between the fixture and the precast concrete retaining wall.
  • the pulling mechanism is a first steel strand
  • the first fixing device comprises a lifting beam, a first steel strand clamp, and an upper end surface disposed on the lifting beam and the first steel strand clamp a first anchor pad between the upper end of the first steel strand passing through the lifting beam and fixed to the upper end of the lifting beam by the first steel strand clamp, the lifting beam being first
  • the steel wire is in contact with the upper end surface of the precast concrete retaining wall.
  • the lower end of the lifting beam is provided with a first U-shaped protective plate, and the precast concrete supporting wall is locked in the U-shaped groove of the first U-shaped protective plate, the first U-shaped protective plate A through hole for passing through the first steel strand is disposed thereon.
  • a side surface of the U-shaped groove of the first U-shaped protective plate is a circular arc surface, and a center of the circular arc surface is located outside the first U-shaped protective plate, and the first U-shaped protective plate is Stiffeners are provided on the outside.
  • the pulling mechanism is a second steel strand
  • the upper end of the precast concrete retaining wall is provided with a groove
  • the second U-shaped protective plate is disposed in the groove
  • the first fixing device comprises a rectangular steel and a second steel strand clamp disposed on the upper end surface of the second U-shaped shield and located in the groove
  • the upper end of the rectangular steel is open
  • the side wall of the rectangular steel is provided with lifting a second steel strand clamp disposed in the rectangular steel, the upper end of the second steel strand passing through the second U-shield and the rectangular steel and being fixed by the second steel strand clamp
  • the rectangular steel is in contact with the end surface of the groove under the action of the second steel strand.
  • a second fixing device for fixing the first steel strand or the second steel strand is embedded in the lower end of the hollow tube in the precast concrete supporting wall, and the second fixing device is located at a second anchor plate at a lower end of the hollow tube, and a third steel strand clamp disposed below the second anchor plate.
  • the bottom end of the precast concrete retaining wall is provided with a protective steel plate, and the second fixing device is weldedly connected with the protective steel plate.
  • the protective steel plate is detachably connected to the bottom end of the precast concrete retaining wall, and the inner side of the protective steel plate is provided with a stiffener extending to the inside of the precast concrete retaining wall, or the inner side of the protective steel plate Concrete is cast which extends into the interior of the precast concrete retaining wall.
  • the pulling mechanism is a steel hanger
  • the upper end of the steel hanger is provided with an external thread
  • the first fixing device comprises a sleeve provided with an internal thread, the lower end of the sleeve and the steel The upper end of the boom is screwed, and the upper end of the sleeve is screwed with a lifting eye.
  • the upper end surface of the precast concrete retaining wall is provided with a reserved hole coaxially and communicating with the hollow tube, and the diameter of the reserved hole is larger than the diameter of the hollow tube.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the extracting device for the precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention when preparing the precast concrete retaining wall, passes the vertical hollow tube in the precast concrete retaining wall, and the pulling mechanism is passed through the hollow tube and pulled out
  • the lower end of the outlet mechanism is fixed inside the precast concrete support wall, and the upper end of the extraction mechanism can be freely placed in the hollow tube and extended to the upper part of the precast concrete support wall.
  • the upper end of the pulling mechanism is fixed on the first fixing device, and then the first fixing device is fixed on the crane or the driving, and the crane or the driving to the precast concrete supporting wall is started. Lift it.
  • the pulling device for the precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention is fixed in the process of lifting the precast concrete retaining wall, because the first fixing device is only fixedly connected with the upper end of the pulling mechanism, and is not combined with the precast concrete supporting wall The actual fixed connection is made.
  • the first fixing device drives the pulling mechanism to rise, and the mechanism does not apply the bottom-up to the precast concrete supporting wall at the bottom of the precast concrete supporting wall.
  • the pressure makes the precast concrete retaining wall under pressure when it is pulled out, and the force is reasonable. It can fully utilize the compressive capacity of the concrete, effectively avoid the damage of the concrete, and improve the service life and recycling rate of the precast concrete retaining wall. .
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention for a pre-cast concrete retaining wall
  • Figure 2 is a front elevational view showing the first fixing device in the first embodiment of the extracting device for a precast concrete retaining wall;
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the first fixing device of the first embodiment of the extracting device for a precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a partial front elevational view of a second embodiment of the present invention for a precast concrete retaining wall
  • Figure 6 is a partial side elevational view of Embodiment 2 of the extraction device for a precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a partial front elevational view of a third embodiment of the present invention for extracting a precast concrete retaining wall
  • Figure 8 is a partial side elevational view of Embodiment 3 of the extraction device for a precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a partial side elevational view of the upper portion of the third embodiment of the extraction device for a precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a partial side elevational view of the lower portion of Embodiment 3 of the extraction device for a precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first fixing device of the first embodiment and the second fixing device for the precast concrete retaining wall;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the detachable protective steel plate in the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the present invention for the pre-cast concrete retaining wall;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the reserved holes in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 4 of the unplugging device for precast concrete retaining walls of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the end portion of the first embodiment of the present invention for the pre-cast concrete retaining wall.
  • the invention provides a pulling device for precast concrete retaining wall.
  • a vertical hollow pipe 1-1 is pre-buried in the precast concrete retaining wall 1 , and the pulling device includes wearing
  • the pull-out mechanism is disposed in the hollow tube 1-1, and the lower end of the pull-out mechanism is fixedly disposed inside the precast concrete support wall 1 and located at the lower end of the hollow tube 1-1, and the upper end of the pull-out mechanism is provided with a pull-out mechanism
  • the first fixing device 4 is not connected between the first fixing device and the precast concrete supporting wall.
  • the extracting device for the precast concrete retaining wall of the present invention when the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is made, passes through the vertical hollow tube 1-1 in the precast concrete retaining wall 1 to pass the pulling mechanism through
  • the hollow tube 1-1 and the lower end of the extraction mechanism are fixed inside the precast concrete support wall 1, and the upper end of the extraction mechanism can be freely placed in the hollow tube 1-1 and extended to the upper portion of the precast concrete support wall 1.
  • the upper end of the pulling mechanism is first fixed on the first fixing device 4, and then the first fixing device 4 is fixed on the crane or the driving, and the crane or the driving pair is prefabricated.
  • the concrete retaining wall 1 is lifted.
  • the first fixing device 4 In the process of lifting the precast concrete retaining wall 1 of the present invention, the first fixing device 4 is only fixedly connected with the upper end of the pulling mechanism, and is not combined with the precast concrete branch.
  • the retaining wall 1 is actually fixedly connected.
  • the first fixing device 4 drives the pulling mechanism to rise, and the pulling mechanism pushes the precast concrete supporting wall at the bottom of the precast concrete supporting wall 1 1
  • Applying the pressure from bottom to top the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is pressed under the overall force, and the force is reasonable, which can fully utilize the compressive capacity of the concrete, effectively avoid the damage of the concrete, and improve the precast concrete support. Wall 1 life and recycling rate.
  • the pulling mechanism can be in the form of a steel strand or a steel hanger.
  • Several embodiments of the pulling mechanism are given:
  • the pulling mechanism may be the first steel strand 2
  • the first fixing device 4 preferably includes a lifting beam 4-2 and a first steel strand clamp 4-1, and the upper end of the steel strand 2 is worn.
  • the lifting beam 4-2 is lifted and fixed to the upper end of the lifting beam 4-2 by the first steel strand clamp 4-1, and the lifting beam 4-2 is under the action of the first steel strand 2 and the precast concrete supporting wall 1 The upper end is in contact.
  • the structure is such that the lifting beam 4-2 is brought into contact with the upper end surface of the precast concrete supporting wall 1 by the lifting beam 4-2 between the first steel strand clamp 4-1 and the precast concrete supporting wall 1, the crane or The driving of the first steel strand 2 is carried out by the lifting beam 4-2, and the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is pulled out from the bottom.
  • the first steel strand clamp 4-1 is in contact with the upper end surface of the precast concrete support wall 1 by the lifting beam 4-2, and does not directly contact the upper end surface of the precast concrete support wall 1, thereby increasing the first The contact area between the strand clamp 4-1 and the precast concrete retaining wall 1 prevents local damage to the concrete at the lifting point.
  • the first anchor plate may be disposed between the upper end surface of the lifting beam 4-2 and the first steel wire clamp 4-1. 4-4 to increase the contact area between the first steel strand clamp 4-1 and the lifting beam 4-2.
  • the lifting beam 4- is preferably provided with a first U-shaped protective plate 4-3, and the precast concrete supporting wall 1 is clamped in the U-shaped groove of the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3, and the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3 A through hole 4-3-1 for passing through the first steel strand 2 is provided.
  • the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3 is used to be stuck in the width direction of the precast concrete retaining wall 1.
  • the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3 can also be connected with the side of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 by bolts to further prevent the lifting beam 4-2 from rotating, wherein the side of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is pre-buried for bolting.
  • the inner wire sleeve 1-3, the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3 is provided with a long circular hole 4-3-2 in the vertical direction, and the long round hole prevents the lifting beam 4-2 from being detached.
  • lifting lugs 4-2 can also be welded with lifting lugs 4-7 for lifting.
  • the side surface of the U-shaped groove of the first U-shaped protection plate 4-3 may be a circular arc surface 4-3-2, and the center of the circular arc surface is located at the first U.
  • the outer side of the first U-shaped fender 4-3 is provided with stiffeners 4-6 for reinforcing the strength of the connection between the first U-shield 4-3 and the hoisting beam 4-2.
  • the side surface of the U-shaped groove of the first U-shaped protective plate 4-3 is formed into a circular arc surface to prevent the precast concrete support wall 1 from damaging the concrete on the side of the precast concrete support wall 1 during the pulling out process.
  • the pulling mechanism may be a second steel strand 2'.
  • the upper end of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is provided with a groove 5, and the second U-shaped protective plate 6 is disposed in the groove 5.
  • the first fixing device 4 includes a first rectangular steel 4-1' and a second steel strand clamp 4-2' disposed on the upper end surface of the second U-shaped protective plate 6 and located in the groove 5, the first rectangular steel 4 -1' upper end opening, the side wall of the first rectangular steel 4-1' is provided with lifting holes 4-3', and the second steel stranding fixture 4-2' is disposed in the rectangular steel 4-1', second The upper end of the steel strand 2' passes through the second U-protective plate 6 and the first rectangular steel 4-1' and is fixed to the first rectangular steel 4-1' by the second steel strand clamp 2', the first rectangle The steel 4-1' is in contact with the end surface of the groove 5 by the second steel strand 2'.
  • the groove 5 is long in the width direction of the precast concrete retaining wall 1, and the second U-shaped protective plate 6 can be pre-buried in the position where the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is located in the recess 5.
  • the steel rod is pierced in the lifting hole 4-3', and the crane or the trolley drives the first rectangular steel 4-1' to rise by lifting the steel rod, and then the precast concrete supporting wall 1 is removed from Pull out at the bottom.
  • the top surface of the second U-shaped protective plate 6 and the top surface of the rectangular steel 4-1' are lower than the top surface of the precast concrete support wall 1 to prevent the precast concrete support wall 1 from being hammered when the second U is installed
  • the top surface of the type fender 6 and the rectangular steel 4-1' are damaged.
  • the first fixing device 4 uses a U-shaped steel plate 4-1" instead of the first rectangular steel 4-1' in the second embodiment, and the rest of the structure is the same as that of the embodiment 2. Further, in order to reduce U The deformation of the profiled steel plate 4-1" during lifting can be detachably connected to the steel plate or the second rectangular steel 4-4 at the position corresponding to the lifting hole 4-3" on the inner side wall of the U-shaped steel plate 4-1" ".
  • the extraction mechanism may be a steel hanger 2"', the upper end of the steel hanger 2"' is provided with external threads, and the first fixture 4 includes a sleeve 4-1 provided with internal threads. ', the lower end of the sleeve 4-1"' is screwed to the upper end of the steel boom 2"' or the steel boom 2"' is welded directly to the sleeve 4-1"', the upper end of the sleeve 4-1"' The threaded connection has a lifting ring 4-2"'.
  • the sleeve 4-1"' is directly threaded on the steel hanger 2"', which is not connected or in contact with the precast concrete retaining wall 1, and the crane or the hoisting precast concrete branch
  • the steel boom 2'' is lifted by connecting the lifting ring 4-2"' to the crane or the vehicle, and the precast concrete wall 1 is pulled out from the bottom.
  • the precast concrete retaining wall 1 in order to strengthen the connection strength between the first steel strand 2 or the second steel strand 2' and the precast concrete retaining wall 1, is located in the hollow tube 1-1.
  • the lower end of the lower end is preferably embedded with a second fixing device 3 for fixing the first steel strand 2 or the second steel strand 2', and the second fixing device 3 comprises a second anchor plate 3 at the lower end of the hollow tube 1-1.
  • a third steel strand clamp 3-2 is disposed below the second anchor pad 3-1.
  • the second fixing device 3 can also select other steel wire end fixing devices that meet the above principles, such as pre-embeding the lifting ring in the precast concrete supporting wall 1, the first steel wire The lower end of the wire 2 or the second steel strand 2' is fixed on the lifting ring, and does not affect the realization of the technical solution of the present invention.
  • the bottom end of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is preferably provided with a protective steel plate 1-2, wherein, in the embodiments 1 and 2, as shown in FIG. 11, the second fixing device 3 and the protective steel plate 1 -2 welded connection.
  • the steel hanger 2" is directly welded to the protective steel plate 1-2.
  • the protective steel plate 1-2 can prevent the precast concrete retaining wall 1 from being loaded into the foundation pit and pulled out from the foundation pit. When it is damaged, it can also reduce the frictional resistance of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 when it enters and unearths, and increase the local compressive strength of the concrete, and the second fixing device 3 and the protective steel plate 1-2 are welded and further increased the second.
  • the protective steel plate 1-2 is preferably detachably attached to the bottom end of the precast concrete retaining wall 1. As shown in FIG. 12, the protective steel plate 1-2 is fixed to the outer side of the precast concrete support wall 1 by the countersunk screw 7, and the position of the protective steel plate 1-2 for mounting the countersunk screw 5 is provided with a recessed head screw 7 screwed into the inner wire sleeve 1-4 of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 and flush with the surface of the protective steel plate 1-2.
  • the protective steel plate 1-2 By designing the protective steel plate 1-2 into a detachable structure, it is convenient to replace the steel strand which is severely damaged by the repeated anchoring into a new steel strand, and the replacement method is as follows: first remove the protective steel plate 1-2, Then, the first steel strand clamp 3-2 is disassembled to fix one end of the new steel strand with the lower end of the original steel strand, and then the old steel strand is pulled out from the upper end of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 while pulling The new steel strand is in place, the new steel strand is cut off after the position is placed, and the bottom end of the new steel strand is anchored with the first steel strand clamp 3-2, and finally the protective steel plate 1-2 is fixed with the countersunk screw 7. The replacement is completed on the precast concrete retaining wall 1.
  • the protective steel plate 1-2 When the prefabricated concrete retaining wall 1 is hammered into the soil, the protective steel plate 1-2 is mainly pressed against the precast concrete retaining wall 1 and the friction and countersunk screws 7 are used.
  • the stiffening rib can be set in the protective steel plate 1-2. Or fill concrete to prevent damage.
  • the protective steel plate 1-2 can be divided into two parts, wherein the detachable part is only disposed on the precast concrete support wall 1 corresponding to the first steel strand clamp 3-2, and the non-removable part is located on the precast concrete support wall 1 In other positions on the bottom, the joint between the detachable part and the non-detachable part is provided with the tongue and groove so that the surfaces of both are flush.
  • the upper end surface of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 may be provided with a reserved hole 1-5 coaxial with and communicating with the hollow tube 1-1, and a reserved hole The diameter of 1-5 is larger than the diameter of the hollow tube 1-1.
  • the end 8 in order to prevent the first steel strand 2 from being retracted into the hollow tube 1-1 during use, the end 8 may be disposed at the top end of the first strand 2, and the end 8 is placed. In the reserved holes 1-5, when the precast concrete retaining wall 1 is pulled out using the first steel strand 2, the steel strand 2 can be pulled out through the end 8 and the end 8 is removed from the strand 2 The steel strand 2 is fixed to the second steel strand clamp 4-1.
  • the end 8 may be composed of a sleeve 8-1 and a nut 8-2, and the inner diameter of the sleeve 8-1 gradually decreases from bottom to top.
  • the first steel strand 2 is passed through the inner diameter of the sleeve 8-1, and then the nut 8-2 is tightened upward, and the first steel strand 2 can be pulled out by the upper portion of the sleeve 8-1.
  • a thread or a groove may be provided inside the upper portion of the sleeve 8-1 to further clamp the first strand 2 .
  • the lower end of the sleeve 4-1" can be inserted into the reserved hole 1-5 and screwed to the steel hanger 2", and the upper end of the sleeve 4-1" is extended by the reserved hole 1-5.
  • the lifting eye 4-2" is such that the lifting eye 4-2" is located above the precast concrete retaining wall 1 to facilitate the connection of the lifting eye 4-2" to the crane or the vehicle.
  • the first steel strand clamp 4-1, the second steel strand clamp 4-2" and the third steel strand clamp 3-2 can be used for fixing steel in the prior art.
  • the special fixture for the stranded wire, the lifting beam 4-2 can be designed according to actual needs.
  • the hollow tube 1-1 pre-buried in the upper part of the precast concrete support wall 1 is preferably a steel pipe, which is embedded in
  • the hollow tube 1-1 at other positions of the precast concrete retaining wall 1 may be a plastic tube such as PVC.
  • the surface of the strand 2 may be coated with a lubricant to reduce the friction between the first strand 2, the second strand 2' and the steel hanger 2" and the hollow tube 1-1.

Abstract

一种用于预制混凝土支护墙(1)的拔出装置，预制混凝土支护墙(1)内预埋有竖向的空心管(1-1)，拔出装置包括穿设于空心管(1-1)内的拔出机构，拔出机构的下端固定设置于预制混凝土支护墙(1)内部并位于空心管(1-1)下端，拔出机构的上端设置有用于张拉拔出机构的第一固定装置(4)，第一固定装置(4)与预制混凝土支护墙(1)之间不连接。

Description

用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置 技术领域
本发明涉及混凝土支护结构领域，特别是指一种用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置。
背景技术
基坑支护结构，是为了保护地下主体结构施工和基坑周边环境的安全，对基坑采用的临时性支挡、加固、保护与地下水控制等措施，常用于基坑围护、护坡工程等。
基坑支护结构在使用完毕后，需将基坑支护结构从基坑中拔出以供下次循环使用，对于基坑中采用混凝土支护墙的情况，现有的混凝土支护强在拔出时均是使用拔桩机的卡头卡住混凝土支护墙的头部，并配合使用振动机进行振动，随着振动机的振幅加大拉紧吊钩使得混凝土支护墙缓慢提升，直到吊车能够直接将混凝土支护墙吊起时，振动机体停止振动。这种拔出方式使得混凝土支护墙的顶部在反复锤击与拔出作用下易发生破坏，并且在拔出时混凝土支护墙整体受拉，混凝土抗拉性能差，易发生破坏。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种在拔出混凝土支护墙时能够有效避免混凝土发生破坏，延长混凝土支护墙的使用寿命的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供技术方案如下：
一种用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，所述预制混凝土支护墙内预埋有竖向的空心管，所述拔出装置包括穿设于所述空心管内的拔出机构，所述拔出机构的下端固定设置于所述预制混凝土支护墙内部并位于所述空心管下端，所述拔出机构的上端设置有用于张拉拔出机构的第一固定装置，所述第 一固定装置与预制混凝土支护墙之间不连接。
进一步的，所述拔出机构为第一钢绞线，所述第一固定装置包括起吊梁、第一钢绞线夹具和设置于所述起吊梁的上端面与所述第一钢绞线夹具之间的第一锚垫板，所述第一钢绞线的上端穿过所述起吊梁并通过所述第一钢绞线夹具固定在所述起吊梁的上端，所述起吊梁在第一钢绞线的作用下与所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端面接触。
进一步的，所述起吊梁的下端设置有第一U型防护板，所述预制混凝土支护墙卡设在所述第一U型防护板的U型槽内，所述第一U型防护板上设置有用于穿过所述第一钢绞线的通孔。
进一步的，所述第一U型防护板的U型槽的侧面为圆弧面，所述圆弧面的圆心位于所述第一U型防护板的外侧，所述第一U型防护板的外侧设置有加劲肋。
进一步的，所述拔出机构为第二钢绞线，所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端设置有凹槽，所述凹槽内设置有第二U型防护板，所述第一固定装置包括设置于所述第二U型防护板的上端面并位于所述凹槽内的矩形钢和第二钢绞线夹具，所述矩形钢的上端开口，所述矩形钢的侧壁上设置有起吊孔，所述第二钢绞线夹具设置于矩形钢内，所述第二钢绞线的上端穿过所述第二U性防护板和矩形钢并通过所述第二钢绞线夹具固定在所述矩形钢上，所述矩形钢在第二钢绞线的作用下与所述凹槽的端面接触。
进一步的，所述预制混凝土支护墙内位于所述空心管的下端预埋有用于固定所述第一钢绞线或第二钢绞线的第二固定装置，所述第二固定装置包括位于所述空心管下端的第二锚垫板，所述第二锚垫板的下方设置有第三钢绞线夹具。
进一步的，所述预制混凝土支护墙的底端设置有防护钢板，所述第二固定装置与防护钢板焊接连接。
进一步的，所述防护钢板可拆卸地连接在所述预制混凝土支护墙的底端，所述防护钢板内侧设置有延伸至所述预制混凝土支护墙内部的加劲肋，或者所述防护钢板内侧浇注有延伸至所述预制混凝土支护墙内部的混凝土。
进一步的，所述拔出机构为钢吊杆，所述钢吊杆的上端设置有外螺纹，所述第一固定装置包括设置有内螺纹的套筒，所述套筒的下端与所述钢吊杆的上端螺纹连接，所述套筒的上端螺纹连接有吊环。
进一步的，所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端面设置有与所述空心管同轴且连通的预留孔，所述预留孔的直径大于所述空心管的直径。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置在制作预制混凝土支护墙时，通过在预制混凝土支护墙内预埋竖向的空心管，将拔出机构穿过空心管并将拔出机构的下端固定在预制混凝土支护墙内部，拔出机构的上端可以自由放置在空心管内并延伸到预制混凝土支护墙的上部。当预制混凝土支护墙使用完毕需要拔出时，将拔出机构的上端固定在第一固定装置上，之后将第一固定装置固定在吊车或行车上，启动吊车或行车对预制混凝土支护墙进行起吊。
本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置在对预制混凝土支护墙进行起吊的过程中，由于第一固定装置只与拔出机构的上端固定连接，并不与预制混凝土支护墙进行实际固定连接，当吊车或行车带动第一固定装置上升时，第一固定装置带动拔出机构上升，不出机构在预制混凝土支护墙的底部对预制混凝土支护墙施加由下往上的压力，使得预制混凝土支护墙在拔出时整体受压，受力合理，能够充分利用混凝土的抗压能力，有效避免了混凝土发生破坏，提高了预制混凝土支护墙的使用寿命和循环使用率。
附图说明
图1为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1的主视图；
图2为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1中第一固定装置的主视图；
图3为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1中第一固定装置的侧视图；
图4为图2中A部分的局部放大示意图；
图5为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例2的局部主视图；
图6为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例2的局部侧视图；
图7为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例3的局部主视图；
图8为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例3的局部侧视图；
图9为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例3的上部分局部侧视图；
图10为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例3的下部分局部侧视图；
图11为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1和实施例2中的第二固定装置的结构示意图；
图12为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1和实施例2中的可拆卸的防护钢板的结构示意图；
图13为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1和实施例4中预留孔的结构示意图；
图14为本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置的实施例1中端头的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
本发明提供一种用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，如图1至图14所示，预制混凝土支护墙1内预埋有竖向的空心管1-1，拔出装置包括穿设于空心管1-1内的拔出机构，拔出机构的下端固定设置于预制混凝土支护墙1内部并位于空心管1-1下端，拔出机构的上端设置有用于张拉拔出机构的第一固定装置 4，第一固定装置与预制混凝土支护墙之间不连接。
本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置在制作预制混凝土支护墙1时，通过在预制混凝土支护墙1内预埋竖向的空心管1-1，将拔出机构穿过空心管1-1并将拔出机构的下端固定在预制混凝土支护墙1内部，拔出机构的上端可以自由放置在空心管1-1内并延伸到预制混凝土支护墙1的上部。当预制混凝土支护墙1使用完毕需要拔出时，先将拔出机构的上端固定在第一固定装置4上，之后将第一固定装置4固定在吊车或行车上，启动吊车或行车对预制混凝土支护墙1进行起吊。
本发明的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置在对预制混凝土支护墙1进行起吊的过程中，由于第一固定装置4只与拔出机构的上端固定连接，并不与预制混凝土支护墙1进行实际固定连接，当吊车或行车带动第一固定装置4上升时，第一固定装置4带动拔出机构上升，拔出机构在预制混凝土支护墙1的底部对预制混凝土支护墙1施加由下往上的压力，使得预制混凝土支护墙1在拔出时整体受压，受力合理，能够充分利用混凝土的抗压能力，有效避免了混凝土发生破坏，提高了预制混凝土支护墙1的使用寿命和循环使用率。
本发明中，拔出机构可以采用钢绞线或钢吊杆的结构形式，现给出几个拔出机构的实施例：
实施例1：
如图1至4所示，拔出机构可以为第一钢绞线2，第一固定装置4优选包括起吊梁4-2和第一钢绞线夹具4-1，钢绞线2的上端穿过起吊梁4-2并通过第一钢绞线夹具4-1固定在起吊梁4-2的上端，起吊梁4-2在第一钢绞线2的作用下与预制混凝土支护墙1的上端面接触。这种结构通过在第一钢绞线夹具4-1与预制混凝土支护墙1之间设置起吊梁4-2，使起吊梁4-2与预制混凝土支护墙1的上端面接触，吊车或行车通过起吊梁4-2来带动第一钢绞线2上升，进而将预制混凝土支护墙1从底部拔出。此外，第一钢绞线夹具4-1通过起吊梁4-2与预制混凝土支护墙1的上端面接触，不直接与预制混凝土支护墙1的上端面接触，由此增大了第一钢绞线夹具4-1与预制混凝土支护墙1之间的接触面积，能够防止起吊点处的混凝土发生局部破坏。
上述实施例1中，为了进一步防止起吊点处起吊梁4-2发生局部破坏，起吊梁4-2的上端面与第一钢绞线夹具4-1之间还可以设置有第一锚垫板4-4以增加第一钢绞线夹具4-1与起吊梁4-2之间的接触面积。
上述实施例1中，在预制混凝土支护墙1拔出过程中，为了防止起吊梁4-2相对预制混凝土支护墙1转动，进而影响预制混凝土支护墙1的拔出，起吊梁4-2的下端优选设置有第一U型防护板4-3，预制混凝土支护墙1卡设在第一U型防护板4-3的U型槽内，第一U型防护板4-3上设置有用于穿过第一钢绞线2的通孔4-3-1。其中，如图2所示，第一U型防护板4-3是用于卡设在预制混凝土支护墙1的宽度方向上。
第一U型防护板4-3还可以采用螺栓与预制混凝土支护墙1的侧面进行连接以进一步防止起吊梁4-2旋转，其中，预制混凝土支护墙1的侧面预埋有用于螺栓连接的内丝套筒1-3，第一U型防护板4-3上设置竖向方向的长圆孔4-3-2，长圆孔防止起吊梁4-2起吊时受力。
此外，起吊梁4-2上还可以焊接有用于起吊的吊耳4-7。
优选的，上述实施例1中，如图4所示，第一U型防护板4-3的U型槽的侧面可以为圆弧面4-3-2，圆弧面的圆心位于第一U型防护板4-3的外侧，第一U型防护板4-3的外侧设置有用于加强第一U性防护板4-3与起吊梁4-2之间的连接强度的加劲肋4-6。第一U型防护板4-3的U型槽的侧面做成圆弧面可以防止预制混凝土支护墙1在拔出过程中对预制混凝土支护墙1侧面的混凝土产生破坏。
实施例2：
如图5和图6所示，拔出机构可以为第二钢绞线2’，预制混凝土支护墙1的上端设置有凹槽5，凹槽5内设置有第二U型防护板6，第一固定装置4包括设置于第二U型防护板6的上端面并位于凹槽5内的第一矩形钢4-1’和第二钢绞线夹具4-2’，第一矩形钢4-1’的上端开口，第一矩形钢4-1’的侧壁上设置有起吊孔4-3’，第二钢绞线夹具4-2’设置于矩形钢4-1’内，第二钢绞线2’的上端穿过第二U性防护板6和第一矩形钢4-1’并通过第二钢绞线夹具2’固定在第一矩形钢4-1’上，第一矩形钢4-1’在第二钢绞线2’的作用下与凹槽5 的端面接触。该实施例中，凹槽5在预制混凝土支护墙1的宽度方向是通长的，第二U型防护板6可以预埋在预制混凝土支护墙1位于凹槽5的位置。在起吊预制混凝土支护墙1时，在起吊孔4-3’穿设钢杆，吊车或行车通过起吊钢杆来带动第一矩形钢4-1’上升，进而将预制混凝土支护墙1从底部拔出。其中，第二U型防护板6的顶面和矩形钢4-1’的顶面低于预制混凝土支护墙1的顶面，可以防止预制混凝土支护墙1在安装锤击时第二U型防护板6的顶面和矩形钢4-1’遭到破坏。
实施例3：
如图7和8所示，第一固定装置4采用U型钢板4-1”代替实施例2中的第一矩形钢4-1’，其余结构与实施例2相同。此外，为了减小U型钢板4-1”在起吊时产生的变形，可以在U型钢板4-1”的内侧壁上与起吊孔4-3”相对应的位置可拆卸连接有钢板或第二矩形钢4-4”。
实施例4：
如图9和10所示，拔出机构可以为钢吊杆2”’，钢吊杆2”’的上端设置有外螺纹，第一固定装置4包括设置有内螺纹的套筒4-1”’，套筒4-1”’的下端与钢吊杆2”’的上端螺纹连接或直接将钢吊杆2”’与套筒4-1”’焊接，套筒4-1”’的上端螺纹连接有吊环4-2”’。套筒4-1”’直接螺纹连接在钢吊杆2”’上，其与预制混凝土支护墙1不连接也不接触，吊车或行车起吊预制混凝土支护墙1时，通过将吊环4-2”’连接在吊车或行车上带动钢吊杆2”’上升，进而将预制混凝土支护墙1从底部拔出。
上述实施例1和实施例2中，为了加强第一钢绞线2或第二钢绞线2’与预制混凝土支护墙1的连接强度，预制混凝土支护墙1内位于空心管1-1的下端优选预埋有用于固定第一钢绞线2或第二钢绞线2’的第二固定装置3，第二固定装置3包括位于空心管1-1下端的第二锚垫板3-1，第二锚垫板3-1的下方设置有第三钢绞线夹具3-2。
第二固定装置3除了采用可以采用上述结构以外，本领域技术人员还可以选择符合上述原则的其它钢绞线端部固定装置，如在预制混凝土支护墙1内预埋吊环，第一钢绞线2或第二钢绞线2’的下端固定在吊环上，均不影响 本发明的技术方案的实现。
上述实施例1至4中，预制混凝土支护墙1的底端优选设置有防护钢板1-2，其中，实施例1和2中，如图11所示，第二固定装置3与防护钢板1-2焊接连接。实施例3中，如图10所示，钢吊杆2”直接与防护钢板1-2焊接连接。防护钢板1-2不仅能够防止预制混凝土支护墙1在装入基坑和从基坑拔出时受到破坏，还能够减少预制混凝土支护墙1入土和出土时受到的摩擦阻力以及增加混凝土的局部抗压强度，并且第二固定装置3与防护钢板1-2焊接连接进一步增加了第二固定装置3在预制混凝土支护墙1底部的固定强度。
作为上述实施例1至3的一种改进，防护钢板1-2优选为可拆卸地连接在预制混凝土支护墙1的底端。如图12所示，防护钢板1-2通过沉头螺钉7固定在预制混凝土支护墙1的外侧，防护钢板1-2上用于安装沉头螺钉5的位置设置有凹槽是沉头螺钉7拧入预制混凝土支护墙1的内丝套筒1-4后与防护钢板1-2的表面平齐。通过将防护钢板1-2设计为可拆卸的结构方式能够便于将由于反复锚固使顶端磨损严重的钢绞线更换为新的钢绞线，更换方式如下：先将防护钢板1-2拆下，之后将第一钢绞线夹具3-2拆开将新钢绞线的一端与原钢绞线的下端固定在一起，之后将旧钢绞线从预制混凝土支护墙1的上端拉出同时牵引新钢绞线就位，新钢绞线就位后截断，并将新钢绞线的底端采用第一钢绞线夹具3-2锚固，最后将防护钢板1-2用沉头螺钉7固定在预制混凝土支护墙1上即完成更换。
防护钢板1-2在预制混凝土支护墙1锤击入土时主要靠与预制混凝土支护墙1挤压、摩擦和沉头螺钉7抗剪承力，可以在防护钢板1-2内设置加劲肋或内填混凝土防止其发生破坏。
防护钢板1-2可分为两部分，其中可拆卸部分只在预制混凝土支护墙1上与第一钢绞线夹具3-2相对应的位置设置，不可拆卸部分位于预制混凝土支护墙1底部的其他位置，可拆卸部分与不可拆卸部分的连接处设置企口使两者的表面平齐。
进一步的，上述实施例1和4中，如图13所示，预制混凝土支护墙1的上端面可以设置有与空心管1-1同轴且连通的预留孔1-5，预留孔1-5的直径 大于空心管1-1的直径。
实施例1中，为了防止预制混凝土支护墙1在使用时第一钢绞线2缩入空心管1-1中，可以在第一钢绞线2的顶端设置端头8，端头8放置在预留孔1-5内，使用第一钢绞线2拔出预制混凝土支护墙1时，可通过端头8将钢绞线2拉出之后将端头8从钢绞线2上拆下并将钢绞线2固定在第二钢绞线夹具4-1上。其中，如图14所示，端头8可以由套筒8-1和螺母8-2两部分组成，套筒8-1的内径由下至上逐渐减小。端头8在使用时，将第一钢绞线2穿过套筒8-1的内径，之后向上拧紧螺母8-2，第一钢绞线2即可被套筒8-1的上部卡出。此外，可以在套筒8-1的上部内侧设置螺纹或凹槽以进一步卡紧第一钢绞线2。
实施例3中，套筒4-1”的下端可以伸进预留孔1-5内与钢吊杆2”螺纹连接，套筒4-1”的上端伸出预留孔1-5螺纹连接吊环4-2”，使得吊环4-2”位于预制混凝土支护墙1的上方，以便于吊环4-2”与吊车或行车的连接。
需要说明的是，本发明中，第一钢绞线夹具4-1、第二钢绞线夹具4-2”和第三钢绞线夹具3-2可以采用现有技术中的用于固定钢绞线的专用夹具，起吊梁4-2可以根据实际需要进行设计。
预制混凝土支护墙1在拔出过程中，由于第一钢绞线2、第二钢绞线2’和钢吊杆2”的上端会均会来回摆动，为了防止第一钢绞线2、第二钢绞线2’和钢吊杆2”反复刮碰混凝土造成预制混凝土支护墙1局部破坏，预埋在预制混凝土支护墙1上部的空心管1-1优选为钢管，预埋在预制混凝土支护墙1其他位置的空心管1-1可以为PVC等塑料管。此外，钢绞线2的表面还可以涂抹润滑剂以减小第一钢绞线2、第二钢绞线2’和钢吊杆2”与空心管1-1之间的摩擦。
以上是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述预制混凝土支护墙内预埋有竖向的空心管，所述拔出装置包括穿设于所述空心管内的拔出机构，所述拔出机构的下端固定设置于所述预制混凝土支护墙内部并位于所述空心管下端，所述拔出机构的上端设置有用于张拉拔出机构的第一固定装置，所述第一固定装置与预制混凝土支护墙之间不连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述拔出机构为第一钢绞线，所述第一固定装置包括起吊梁、第一钢绞线夹具和设置于所述起吊梁的上端面与所述第一钢绞线夹具之间的第一锚垫板，所述第一钢绞线的上端穿过所述起吊梁并通过所述第一钢绞线夹具固定在所述起吊梁的上端，所述起吊梁在第一钢绞线的作用下与所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端面接触。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述起吊梁的下端设置有第一U型防护板，所述预制混凝土支护墙卡设在所述第一U型防护板的U型槽内，所述第一U型防护板上设置有用于穿过所述第一钢绞线的通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述第一U型防护板的U型槽的侧面为圆弧面，所述圆弧面的圆心位于所述第一U型防护板的外侧，所述第一U型防护板的外侧设置有加劲肋。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述拔出机构为第二钢绞线，所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端设置有凹槽，所述凹槽内设置有第二U型防护板，所述第一固定装置包括设置于所述第二U型防护板的上端面并位于所述凹槽内的矩形钢和第二钢绞线夹具，所述矩形钢的上端开口，所述矩形钢的侧壁上设置有起吊孔，所述第二钢绞线夹具设置于矩形钢内，所述第二钢绞线的上端穿过所述第二U性防护板和矩形钢并通过所述第二钢绞线夹具固定在所述矩形钢上，所述 矩形钢在第二钢绞线的作用下与所述凹槽的端面接触。
  6. 根据权利要求2-5中任一所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述预制混凝土支护墙内位于所述空心管的下端预埋有用于固定所述第一钢绞线或第二钢绞线的第二固定装置，所述第二固定装置包括位于所述空心管下端的第二锚垫板，所述第二锚垫板的下方设置有第三钢绞线夹具。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述预制混凝土支护墙的底端设置有防护钢板，所述第二固定装置与防护钢板焊接连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述防护钢板可拆卸地连接在所述预制混凝土支护墙的底端，所述防护钢板内侧设置有延伸至所述预制混凝土支护墙内部的加劲肋，或者所述防护钢板内侧浇注有延伸至所述预制混凝土支护墙内部的混凝土。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述拔出机构为钢吊杆，所述钢吊杆的上端设置有外螺纹，所述第一固定装置包括设置有内螺纹的套筒，所述套筒的下端与所述钢吊杆的上端螺纹连接，所述套筒的上端螺纹连接有吊环。
  10. 根据权利要求2或5或9所述的用于预制混凝土支护墙的拔出装置，其特征在于，所述预制混凝土支护墙的上端面设置有与所述空心管同轴且连通的预留孔，所述预留孔的直径大于所述空心管的直径。
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