WO2019148694A1 - 一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器 - Google Patents

一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器 Download PDF

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WO2019148694A1
WO2019148694A1 PCT/CN2018/087432 CN2018087432W WO2019148694A1 WO 2019148694 A1 WO2019148694 A1 WO 2019148694A1 CN 2018087432 W CN2018087432 W CN 2018087432W WO 2019148694 A1 WO2019148694 A1 WO 2019148694A1
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biogas
dry fermentation
fermentation chamber
chamber
integrated
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French (fr)
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郑明霞
苏婧
席北斗
郝鑫
孙源媛
林茂
李娟�
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中国环境科学研究院
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Priority to US16/632,352 priority Critical patent/US11618871B2/en
Publication of WO2019148694A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019148694A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
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    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/06—Nozzles; Sprayers; Spargers; Diffusers
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    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
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    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/14—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus with filters, sieves or membranes
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    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/22—Settling tanks; Sedimentation by gravity
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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
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    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/14—Incubators; Climatic chambers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/26—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of anaerobic fermentation of organic solid wastes such as livestock manure, crop straw, kitchen utensils and dewatered sludge, and particularly relates to an integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor based on the rumen bionic principle.
  • Organic matter anaerobic fermentation is a common microbial degradation organic matter technology. It is divided into wet fermentation and dry fermentation according to the dry matter content of raw materials. In general, the dry matter content of the wet fermentation is below 8-12%, and the dry fermentation refers to the process of producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of the feedstock having a dry matter content of 20%-40%.
  • Anaerobic dry fermentation technology is an effective way to deal with organic waste such as livestock manure, crop straw, kitchen utensils and dewatered sludge. Compared with wet fermentation, dry anaerobic fermentation has less water consumption, less secondary pollution, and energy consumption. Low energy and high energy efficiency have made it a hot topic at home and abroad in recent years. For some waste materials, such as livestock and poultry dry manure, domestic garbage, urban dewatered sludge and straw, the self-water content is low, and it is more advantageous to use dry fermentation technology.
  • the present invention develops an integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor, in order to solve the problems existing in the existing dry fermentation technology.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a rumen biomimetic integrated two-phase capable of avoiding acid inhibition and ammonia inhibition and high fermentation efficiency in anaerobic dry fermentation of livestock solids such as livestock manure, crop straw, kitchen, dehydrated sludge, and the like. Anaerobic dry fermentation reactor.
  • an integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor based on the rumen bionic principle which comprises: a reactor main body, a gas collecting device, a stirring system, and a pH monitoring system. , temperature control system, heat preservation device, biogas storage tank, biogas liquid reflux spray device, biogas residue storage tank;
  • the reactor body comprises a dry fermentation chamber, a secondary fermentation chamber, and a liquid storage chamber.
  • the dry fermentation chamber is disposed at an upper portion of the reactor body, and a top cover provided at the top is provided with a biogas outlet, a temperature measuring hole, and a pH.
  • the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber is a perforated plate structure covering a flexible filter having a pore size of not more than 2 mm;
  • the lower side wall of the dry fermentation chamber is provided with a feed port, and the upper side wall is provided with a discharge port;
  • the liquid storage chamber is disposed at a bottom of the reactor body, and a biogas liquid outlet port is defined on a sidewall of the bottom portion;
  • the secondary fermentation chamber is disposed in the dry fermentation chamber and the liquid storage chamber in the reactor body Between the bottom of the secondary fermentation chamber, a porous bottom plate having an inclined angle of not more than 15 degrees is disposed, and the bottom plate is covered with an ultrafiltration membrane, and a bottom of the secondary fermentation chamber is provided with a biogas residue outlet, and the biogas residue is disposed Set the valve at the place;
  • the gas collection device is connected to the dry fermentation chamber through the biogas outlet;
  • the stirring system comprises a double-blade stirring slurry and a motor installed in the middle of the main reactor top cover for intermittent stirring;
  • the pH monitoring system penetrates into the dry fermentation chamber through the top of the main reactor;
  • the temperature control system measures the temperature in the dry fermentation chamber through the temperature measuring hole, and the heat preservation device adjusts the temperature in the dry fermentation chamber in real time through feedback of the temperature control system;
  • the biogas liquid storage tank is connected to the biogas liquid outlet, and the biogas liquid reflux device is connected to the biogas liquid storage tank through the biogas liquid inlet; the biogas residue storage tank and the upper side of the dry fermentation chamber respectively
  • the discharge opening of the wall is connected to the biogas residue outlet at the bottom side wall of the secondary fermentation chamber.
  • the biogas liquid reflux device comprises a biogas liquid infusion pump, a biogas liquid pipeline and a spray device, wherein the biogas liquid infusion pump is disposed outside the biogas liquid storage tank, and the inlet of the biogas liquid infusion pump passes the biogas slurry a pipeline and the biogas inlet to spray the biogas slurry into the fermentation chamber;
  • the sprinkling device comprises a communication tube and a plurality of nozzles, one end of the communication tube is connected with the biogas slurry pipeline, and the other ends and the nozzles Connected, each nozzle sprays the biogas slurry into the dry fermentation chamber through the corresponding biogas slurry inlet.
  • the invention has a reactor main body, a gas collecting device, a stirring system, a pH monitoring system, a temperature control system, a heat preservation device, a biogas storage tank, and a biogas liquid reflux spray device.
  • a biogas residue storage tank, a dry fermentation chamber, a secondary fermentation chamber and a liquid storage chamber are respectively arranged in the upper middle portion and the lower portion of the reactor main body, and a flexible filter screen covering the pores of not more than 2 mm is disposed at the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber, and the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber is provided.
  • the side wall is provided with a feeding port and a top side wall is provided with a discharging port, and a bottom plate is arranged at a bottom of the secondary fermentation chamber with a tilting angle of not more than 15 degrees, and the bottom plate is covered with an ultrafiltration membrane to filter the biogas slurry;
  • the liquid reflux spray device is connected to the dry fermentation chamber and the liquid storage tank through the biogas liquid outlet and the biogas liquid inlet respectively; the invention performs dry fermentation through the dry fermentation chamber, and draws on the function of the stomach wall filtration digestive juice and the rumen ruminant in the rumen bionic principle.
  • a filter screen is arranged at the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber to separate the main body of the reactor into a solid phase acid producing phase in the dry fermentation chamber and a liquid phase methanogenic phase in the secondary reaction chamber, and the fermentation liquid produced in the dry fermentation chamber is filtered to
  • the secondary fermentation chamber the fermentation broth and some small particles which are not completely degraded are subjected to secondary wet fermentation in the secondary fermentation chamber to produce methane, thereby further improving the material degradation rate and methane production;
  • the biogas slurry is filtered through the ultrafiltration membrane and then subjected to reflux spraying.
  • the filtrate is clearer, it is not easy to block the nozzle, and the biogas slurry can be almost completely reused.
  • the invention can be widely applied to the treatment of solid organic wastes with high dry matter content such as livestock manure, crop straw, kitchen utensils, and dewatered sludge.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor based on the rumen bionic principle of the present invention.
  • the integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor based on the rumen bionic principle comprises a reactor main body, a gas collecting device, a stirring system, a pH monitoring system, a temperature control system, a heat preservation device, and a biogas storage tank. , biogas liquid reflux spray device, biogas residue storage tank.
  • the reactor main body includes a dry fermentation chamber 1, a secondary fermentation chamber 2, and a liquid storage chamber 3.
  • the dry fermentation chamber 1 is disposed at the upper part of the reactor main body, and the movable top cover 21 disposed at the top thereof is provided with a biogas outlet 23, a temperature measuring hole 24, a pH measuring hole 25 and a plurality of biogas inlets 26; the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber 1 is a perforated plate
  • the structure 10 covers a flexible filter screen having a pore size of not more than 2 mm, so that the fermentation liquid and a part of small particles can enter the secondary fermentation chamber; the lower side wall of the dry fermentation chamber 1 is provided with a feed port 19, and the upper side wall is provided with a discharge port 7
  • the liquid storage chamber 3 is disposed at the bottom of the main reactor, and the biogas liquid outlet port 15 is opened on the sidewall of the bottom portion; the secondary fermentation chamber 2 is disposed between the dry fermentation chamber 1 and the liquid storage chamber 3 in the reactor main body.
  • the fermentation broth and part of the solid particles entering the secondary fermentation chamber are again fermented to produce methane, and the methane yield is increased.
  • the bottom of the secondary fermentation chamber 2 is set to a porous inclined plate 13 having an inclination angle of not more than 15 degrees, and the bottom plate is covered with an ultrafiltration layer.
  • Membrane 12 the biogas slurry is filtered through the membrane and enters the liquid storage chamber 3, and the biogas residue outlet 11 is disposed on the bottom side wall of the secondary fermentation chamber 2, and the porous bottom plate 13 is disposed obliquely to facilitate the biogas residue to slide down to the slag discharge port 11 by gravity;
  • the gases generated in the dry fermentation chamber 1 and the secondary fermentation chamber 2 are collected to the biogas storage tank 14 through the biogas outlet 23.
  • the biogas liquid reflux device includes a biogas liquid infusion pump 17, a biogas liquid delivery pipe 9, and a shower device 22.
  • the biogas liquid reflux device is connected to the biogas liquid outlet 15 and the biogas liquid inlet 26 through the infusion pump 17.
  • the infusion pump 17 is disposed between the biogas outlet 15 and the outlet of the biogas storage tank 16.
  • the biogas slurry is transported to the spraying device at the biogas slurry inlet 26 through the biogas liquid conveying pipe 9, and the sprinkling device is connected by a plurality of perforated pipes 22 and a plurality of nozzles 27, and each of the nozzles 27 sprays the biogas slurry into the dry fermentation chamber 1. .
  • the pH monitoring system places the pH probe 18 into the dry fermentation chamber 1 through the pH measuring port 25, and reads the pH value from the data display 4.
  • the temperature measuring device measures the temperature in the dry fermentation chamber 1 through the temperature measuring hole 24, and the heat preservation device adjusts the temperature in the reactor main body in real time according to the measured temperature.
  • the working process of the integrated two-phase anaerobic dry fermentation reactor based on the rumen bionic concept is as follows: the reactor can be operated in two modes: one for batch operation and one for semi-continuous operation.
  • the batch operation mode is: mixing the pretreated raw materials with an appropriate amount of water and an appropriate amount of inoculum at a time and uniformly adding them into the dry fermentation chamber 1 through the feeding port 19, and maintaining the solid content rate in the dry fermentation chamber 1 by 20%-40%. .
  • a large amount of the volatile organic acid-rich fermentation broth and a small amount of biogas a are generated, and the fermentation broth enters the secondary fermentation chamber 2 through the perforated plate at the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber 1 and the flexible filter.
  • the fine particles passing through the sieve also enter the secondary fermentation chamber 2 for re-fermentation to generate a large amount of biogas b, and the biogas b passes through the filter net at the bottom of the dry fermentation chamber 1, and the biogas a collects through the biogas outlet 23 to enter the biogas storage tank 14.
  • the biogas slurry in the secondary fermentation chamber 2 passes through the porous inclined plate 13 of the solid-liquid separation device and the ultrafiltration membrane 12 covering the liquid to enter the liquid storage chamber 3. If the biogas slurry in the liquid storage chamber 3 needs to be extracted, the marsh is closed.
  • the liquid storage tank 16 valve, the biogas liquid infusion pump 17 pumps the biogas slurry to the nozzle in the biogas liquid spraying device 22 to spray the biogas slurry into the dry fermentation chamber 1 to adjust the solid content in the dry fermentation chamber 1, and To a certain agitation action; if no spraying is required, the biogas slurry flows into the biogas storage tank.
  • the remaining biogas residue in the secondary fermentation chamber 2 is deposited on the inclined plate 13 of the hole, and gradually descends to the biogas residue outlet 11 by gravity, and enters the biogas residue storage tank 8, and the biogas residue can be used as an organic fertilizer.
  • the residue in the dry fermentation chamber 1 and the secondary reaction chamber 2 is once cleaned to the biogas storage tank 8 and waits for the next batch of reaction to start.
  • the semi-continuous operation mode is: loading raw materials, water and inoculum into the dry fermentation chamber 1 according to a certain load, and maintaining the solid content rate in the dry fermentation chamber 1 by 20%-40%, according to the set residence time and organic load, daily A calculated amount of raw material is fed from the feed port 19 while the valve of the discharge port 7 is opened, and a corresponding amount of biogas residue is squeezed from the discharge port 7 into the biogas residue storage tank 8 by extrusion of the feed.
  • the other work processes are the same as the batch run mode described above.

Abstract

一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：包括反应器主体；所述反应器主体包括干发酵室（1）、二次发酵室（2）、储液室（3），所述干发酵室（1）设置在所述反应器主体上部；所述储液室（3）设置在所述反应器主体的底部；所述二次发酵室（2）设置在所述反应器主体内所述干发酵室（1）和储液室（3）之间；所述干发酵室（1）通过多孔结构与所述二次发酵室（2）连接。

Description

一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器 技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、餐厨、脱水污泥等有机物固体废物厌氧发酵领域，特别涉及一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器。
背景技术
有机物厌氧发酵是常见的微生物降解有机质技术，根据原料的干物质含量的不同，分为湿式发酵和干式发酵。一般来说，湿式发酵的干物质含量在8-12％以下，而干式发酵是指干物质含量为20％-40％的原料经厌氧发酵生成沼气的过程。
厌氧干发酵技术是处理畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、餐厨和脱水污泥等有机废物的有效途径，与湿式发酵相比较，干式厌氧发酵具备用水量少、二次污染小、能耗低和能源效率高等优点，因而近年来成为国内外研究的热点。对于一些废弃物料，如畜禽干清粪、生活垃圾、城市脱水污泥和秸秆等，自身含水率低，使用干式发酵技术更为有利。
由于干式发酵的干物质含量过高，缺乏流动性，传热传质条件差，加之产甲烷微生物对环境因素十分敏感，因此发酵过程中较易导致局部严重酸化，且畜禽粪便作为发酵底物时较易发生氨抑制，导致沼气产量大幅降低。
鉴于此，基于瘤胃仿生原理，本发明研制出一种一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，以期解决现有干发酵技术中存在的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、餐厨、脱水污泥等有机物固体废物进行厌氧干发酵时能够避免酸抑制和氨抑制且发酵效率高的瘤胃仿生一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：一种基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：它包括反应器主体、气体收集装置、搅拌系统、pH监测系统、温控系统、保温装置、沼液储罐、沼液回流喷淋装置、沼渣储罐；
所述反应器主体包括干发酵室、二次发酵室、储液室，所述干发酵室设置在所述反应器主体上部，其顶部设置的顶盖上设有沼气出口、测温孔、pH测量孔和若干沼液入口；干发酵室底部为多孔板结构，覆盖孔隙不大于2mm的柔性滤网；所述干发酵室的下部侧壁设置进料口，上部侧壁设置出料口；所述储液室设置在 所述反应器主体的底部，其底部的侧壁上开设沼液出液口；所述二次发酵室设置在所述反应器主体内所述干发酵室和储液室之间，所述二次发酵室底部设置倾斜角度不超过15度的多孔底板，底板上覆盖一层超滤膜，所述二次发酵室底部侧壁上设置沼渣出口，所述沼渣出口处设置阀门；
所述气体收集装置通过所述沼气出口与所述干发酵室连接；
所述搅拌系统包括双叶搅拌浆、电机，安装在所述主体反应器顶盖中部，进行间歇搅拌；
所述pH监测系统通过所述主体反应器顶盖深入干发酵室中；
所述温控系统通过所述测温孔测量所述干发酵室内的温度，所述保温装置通过所述温控系统的反馈实时调节所述干发酵室内的温度；
所述沼液储罐与所述沼液出口连接，所述沼液回流装置通过所述沼液入口和所述沼液储罐连接；所述沼渣储罐分别与所述干发酵室上部侧壁的出料口和二次发酵室底部侧壁的沼渣出口相连接。
所述沼液回流装置包括沼液输液泵、沼液管道和喷淋装置，所述沼液输液泵设置在所述沼液储罐的外侧，所述沼液输液泵的进口通过所述沼液管道与所述沼液入口向所述发酵室中喷淋沼液；所述喷淋装置包括连通管和若干喷头，所述连通管的一端与所述沼液管道连接，其他各端与各喷头连接，各喷头通过相应所述沼液入口向所述干发酵室内喷淋沼液。
本发明由于采用以上技术方案，具有以下优点：本发明由于设置了反应器主体、气体收集装置、搅拌系统、pH监测系统、温控系统、保温装置、沼液储罐、沼液回流喷淋装置、沼渣储罐，反应器主体内的上中下部分别设置了干发酵室、二次发酵室和储液室，且在干发酵室底部设置覆盖孔隙不大于2mm柔性滤网，干发酵室底部侧壁设置进料口、顶部侧壁设置出料口，在二次发酵室的底部设置为倾斜角度不超过15度的多孔底板，底板上覆盖一层超滤膜，将沼液进行过滤；沼液回流喷淋装置通过沼液出口和沼液入口分别与干发酵室和储液罐相连；本发明通过干发酵室进行干发酵，借鉴瘤胃仿生原理中胃壁过滤消化液和瘤胃反刍的功能，在干发酵室底部设置滤网将反应器主体分隔为干发酵室固相产酸相和二次反应室液相产甲烷相，干发酵室产生的发酵液过滤至二次发酵室，发酵液及部分未完全降解的小颗粒物料在二次发酵室内进行二次湿式发酵产甲烷，进一步提高物料降解率和甲烷产量；沼液经超滤膜过滤后进行回流喷淋，滤液较清澈，不易堵 塞喷头，且沼液几乎可完全回用，部分未能完全回用的沼液也可达排放标准，避免对环境产生二次污染，回流液能促进干发酵室物料的降解和挥发性有机酸的产生，且能够加速挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮的洗脱和扩散，通过控制喷淋量和喷淋次数来控制挥发性脂肪酸和氨氮洗脱至二次发酵室的量，避免二次发酵发生酸抑制和氨氮抑制，且发酵效率高。基于以上优点，本发明可以广泛应用于畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆、餐厨、脱水污泥等干物质含量高的固体有机废物的处理中。
附图说明
图1是本发明基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
如图1所示，本发明基于瘤胃仿生原理的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器包括反应器主体、气体收集装置、搅拌系统、pH监测系统、温控系统、保温装置、沼液储罐、沼液回流喷淋装置、沼渣储罐。其中反应器主体包括干发酵室1、二次发酵室2和储液室3。干发酵室1设置在反应器主体上部，其顶部设置的活动顶盖21上设有沼气出口23、测温孔24、pH测量孔25和若干沼液入口26；干发酵室1底部为多孔板结构10，覆盖孔隙不大于2mm的柔性滤网，可使发酵液及部分小颗粒物质进入二次发酵室；干发酵室1的下部侧壁设置进料口19，上部侧壁设置出料口7；储液室3设置在主体反应器的底部，其底部的侧壁上开设沼液出液口15；二次发酵室2设置在反应器主体内干发酵室1和储液室3之间，进入二次发酵室的发酵液和部分固体颗粒再次进行发酵产甲烷，提高甲烷产率，二次发酵室2底部设置为倾斜角度不超过15度的多孔倾斜板13，底板上覆盖一层超滤膜12，沼液经膜过滤后进入储液室3，二次发酵室2底部侧壁上设置沼渣出口11，多孔底板13倾斜设置便于沼渣依靠重力自行滑落至出渣口11；
干发酵室1和二次发酵室2内产生的气体都通过沼气出口23收集至沼气储罐14。
沼液回流装置包括沼液输液泵17、沼液输送管道9和喷淋装置22。沼液回流装置通过输液泵17与沼液出口15和沼液入口26连接。输液泵17设置在沼液出口15和沼液储罐16的出口之间。沼液通过沼液输送管道9运送至沼液入口26处的喷淋装置，喷淋装置由若干根开孔的管道22和若干喷头27连接，各喷 头27向干发酵室1中喷淋沼液。
pH监测系统通过pH测量孔25将pH探头18放入干发酵室1内，从数据显示器4读取pH值。
测温装置通过测温孔24测量干发酵室1内的温度，保温装置根据测得的温度实时调控反应器主体内的温度。
本发明基于瘤胃仿生理念的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器的工作过程为：该反应器可进行两种运行模式：一种为批式运行，一种为半连续运行。批式运行模式为：一次性将经过预处理的原料与适量的水及适量的接种物混合均匀通过加料口19加入干发酵室1中，保持干发酵室1内含固率20％‐40％。原料在干发酵室1中发酵后产生大量富含挥发性有机酸的发酵液和少量沼气a，发酵液透过干发酵室1底部的多孔板和柔性滤网进入二次发酵室2，同时可通过滤网的细颗粒物也进入二次发酵室2进行再次发酵，生成大量沼气b，沼气b透过干发酵室1底部的滤网上溢，和沼气a汇集通过沼气出口23进入沼气储罐14。二次发酵室2中的沼液透过固液分离装置多孔倾斜板13及覆盖其上的超滤膜12进入储液室3，若需将储液室3中的沼液抽出，则关闭沼液储罐16阀门，沼液输液泵17将沼液泵至沼液喷淋装置22中的喷头向干发酵室1中喷淋沼液，以调节干发酵室1中的含固率，并起到一定的搅动作用；若无需喷淋，则沼液流入沼液储罐。二次发酵室2中经过滤后余下的沼渣堆积在孔倾斜板13上，依靠重力逐渐下滑至沼渣出口11，进入沼渣储罐8，沼渣可用作有机肥料。反应完全后，将干发酵室1和二次反应室2内的残余物一次性清理至沼渣储罐8，等待下一批次反应启动。
半连续运行模式为：按照一定的负荷将原料、水和接种物装载至干发酵室1，保持干发酵室1内含固率20％‐40％，依据设定的停留时间和有机负荷，每天从进料口19加入计算量的原料，同时将出料口7的阀门打开，通过进料的挤压，将相应量的沼渣从出料口7挤入沼渣储罐8。其他工作过程与上述批式运行模式相同。
上述说明中各部件的结构、连接方式和方法步骤等都是可以有所变化的，凡是在本发明技术方案的基础上进行的等同变换和改进，均不应排除在本发明的保护范围之外。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：包括反应器主体；所述反应器主体包括干发酵室、二次发酵室、储液室，所述干发酵室设置在所述反应器主体上部；所述储液室设置在所述反应器主体的底部；所述二次发酵室设置在所述干发酵室和储液室之间；所述干发酵室底部通过多孔结构与所述二次发酵室连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：还包括气体收集装置、搅拌系统、pH监测系统、温控系统、保温装置、沼液储罐、沼液回流喷淋装置、沼渣储罐。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述干发酵室顶部的顶盖上设有沼气出口、测温孔、pH测量孔和若干沼液入口；所述干发酵室的下部侧壁设置进料口，上部侧壁设置出料口；所述储液室底部的侧壁上开设沼液出液口。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述二次发酵室底部设置具有倾斜角度的多孔板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述多孔板的倾斜角度≤15°。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述多孔板上覆盖超滤膜。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述气体收集装置通过所述沼气出口与所述干发酵室连接；所述搅拌系统安装在所述反应器主体顶盖中部；所述pH监测系统通过所述主体反应器顶盖深入干发酵室中；所述温控系统通过所述测温孔测量所述干发酵室内的温度，所述保温装置通过所述温控系统的反馈实时调节所述干发酵室内的温度；所述沼液储罐与所述沼液出口连接，所述沼液回流喷淋装置通过所述沼液入口和所述沼液储罐连接；所述沼渣储罐分别与所述干发酵室上部侧壁的出料口和二次发酵室底部侧壁的沼渣出口相连接；所述一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器基于瘤胃仿生原理设计和工作。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述多孔结构是多孔板结构，所述多孔板结构上覆盖孔隙不大于2mm的柔性滤网。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器，其特征在于：所述搅拌系统包括双叶搅拌浆、电机；所述沼液回流喷淋装置包括沼液输液泵、沼液管道和喷淋装置。
  10. 使用权利要求1-9中任一项所述的一体式两相厌氧干发酵反应器处理有机固体废物的方法。
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