WO2019144842A1 - 噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2019144842A1
WO2019144842A1 PCT/CN2019/072273 CN2019072273W WO2019144842A1 WO 2019144842 A1 WO2019144842 A1 WO 2019144842A1 CN 2019072273 W CN2019072273 W CN 2019072273W WO 2019144842 A1 WO2019144842 A1 WO 2019144842A1
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group
thiazole
carboxylic acid
acid derivative
uric acid
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PCT/CN2019/072273
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王海勇
孙明杰
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湘北威尔曼制药股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201980005928.XA priority Critical patent/CN111417632B/zh
Priority to EP19743215.6A priority patent/EP3744720A4/en
Priority to US16/963,083 priority patent/US11401247B2/en
Priority to JP2020538899A priority patent/JP7154471B2/ja
Publication of WO2019144842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019144842A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/06—Antigout agents, e.g. antihyperuricemic or uricosuric agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D277/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D277/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D277/56—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
    • C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
    • C07H13/10—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to heterocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/26—Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
    • C07H5/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to nitrogen
    • C07H5/06—Aminosugars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular to a thiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivative and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Gout is a group of syndromes caused by abnormal metabolism of the human body.
  • Hyperuricemia is a stage in the development of its lesions. According to the progression of the disease, the primary gout can be divided into the following four stages: asymptomatic hyperuricemia, acute attack, asymptomatic intermittent, and chronic phase.
  • the main clinical manifestations are as follows: (1) None Symptomatic hyperuricemia. The occurrence of asymptomatic hyperuricemia is very insidious, and the initial stage is intermittent and gradually persistent. (2) Acute gouty arthritis. This is the most characteristic and common symptom of gout. The onset is rapid. The affected joints can appear obvious redness and heat pain within a few hours. It often occurs at night, and wakes up due to severe joint pain.
  • Gout intermittent period refers to the interval between two episodes of acute gouty arthritis, which is as short as several weeks and as long as several decades. There may still be hyperuricemia, which is affected by diet and treatment, and blood uric acid level is unstable.
  • Chronic grit gout Long-term hyperuricemia can not be corrected, urate crystals can be widely deposited in articular cartilage, synovium, ligament, subcutaneous, kidney, gradually forming urate stones, and affect the physiological functions of sedimentary tissues.
  • Subcutaneous gout stone nodules Subcutaneous gout stone nodules.
  • the subcutaneous tophus nodule is formed by the deposition of urate crystals under the skin, which occurs in the periphery of the ear wheel and joint.
  • Chronic gouty arthritis Repeated multiple arthritis episodes cause joint tissue fibrosis and deposition of tophi in the articular cartilage, synovium, and ligament, causing the diseased joint to gradually deform and lose its motor function.
  • Chronic gouty nephropathy and urinary calcification of kidney stones There are two forms of deposition in the kidney, including extrarenal urate deposition caused by insufficient uric acid excretion and uric acid deposition in the renal tubules that are not discharged in time due to excessive uric acid concentration in the renal tubules. Chronic uric acid nephropathy can occur on the basis of both forms of uric acid intrarenal deposition.
  • the clinical manifestations of secondary gout are clinical features of secondary morbidity before hyperuricemia occurs.
  • more onset is more urgent.
  • Acute renal failure caused by hyperuricemia and massive urate deposition in the renal tubules is common.
  • the concentration of blood uric acid can be >1mmol/L, uric acid is obviously increased, and a large amount of urate crystals can be seen in the urine sediment.
  • Microscopic or gross hematuria Patients may have symptoms of dysuria, low back pain, nausea, vomiting, oliguria or anuria.
  • the treatment of gout includes two aspects, namely, anti-inflammatory and pain relief and lowering blood uric acid.
  • the former is the standard
  • the latter is the standard
  • the emergency is the palliative, achieving the purpose of treating both the symptoms and the root causes.
  • the corresponding drugs include the following two categories: Classes, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, mainly including: (1) colchicine.
  • Colchicine has the effect of preventing cell mitosis, inhibits the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and reduces the release of inflammatory factors, and has a unique anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect for acute episodes of gout arthritis.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mainly including: (1) colchicine. Colchicine has the effect of preventing cell mitosis, inhibits the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells and reduces the release of inflammatory factors, and has a unique anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effect for acute episodes of gout arthritis.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
  • hypoxanthine produces jaundice under the action of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and further produces uric acid, inhibiting
  • XOR xanthine oxidoreductase
  • the activity of the enzyme can effectively reduce the production of uric acid.
  • the uric acid-lowering drug mainly exerts the effect of reducing uric acid by inhibiting the formation of uric acid in the body and promoting the discharge of uric acid in the blood.
  • the main drugs are as follows: (1) probenecid.
  • the drug can inhibit the reabsorption of urate by the renal tubules, thereby increasing the discharge of uric acid from the kidney, and is suitable for gout patients with high blood uric acid and uric acid output ⁇ 3.6 mmol/d ( ⁇ 600 mg/d).
  • benzbromarone (gout) The drug promotes the excretion of uric acid by inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid by the proximal tubules and does not obstruct the metabolism of purine nucleotides. It is mainly discharged through the gastrointestinal tract (intrahepatic metabolism, bile excretion), and is suitable for gout patients with uric acid uric acid output ⁇ 3.6mmol/d.
  • Allopurinol The drug is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, which can inhibit the conversion of hypoxanthine to jaundice and then to uric acid, thereby reducing the synthesis of uric acid. It is suitable for patients with primary or secondary gout with excessive uric acid production.
  • Febuxostat Febuxotan has a significant inhibitory effect on both oxidized and reduced XOR, and thus its role in reducing uric acid is stronger and longer, so it can be used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricemia of gout.
  • colchicine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have significant gastrointestinal side effects.
  • Long-term use of adrenal glucocorticoids can lead to metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalances.
  • Probenecid can cause digestive ulcers and kidney stones.
  • Benzolamin can cause severe liver damage.
  • Allopurinol can cause a serious drug rash.
  • Febuxostat can cause abnormal liver function, tubular nephritis and increase cardiovascular adverse reactions. Therefore, the development of a safer and more effective treatment for gout or uric acid-lowering drugs is of great clinical significance.
  • the thiazole-5-carboxylic acid derivative of the present invention means a compound represented by the formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • X is selected from oxygen or nitrogen; Y and Z are all carbon.
  • X is selected from oxygen means X is X is selected from nitrogen and refers to X as or That is, it may be a secondary amino group or a tertiary amino group.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen, an oxo group, and a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, an alkylamino group, an aldehyde group, an alkyl group, an aminoalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, A hydroxy group, an alkyloxy group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, a carboxyl group, an alkylcarbonyl group or an alkyloxycarbonyl group; provided that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen atoms.
  • one or more of the groups R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 may further form a saturated five-membered ring together with one or more of X, Y, and Z atoms.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 or R 4 groups may be independently further independently halogen, hydroxy, alkyloxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, aldehyde, Carboxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylaminoalkyloxycarbonyl, amino, alkylamino, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, aminoalkyl or alkylaminoalkyl.
  • the present invention further optimizes each group in the above formula (I). in particular:
  • the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom (H-), a halogen (X-), a hydroxyl group (HO-), and an oxo group.
  • One or more hydrogen atoms in the R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 groups of the formula (I) may be optionally each independently halogen (X-), hydroxyl (HO-), aldehyde group (-CHO), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (H 2 N-), alkyl (R n -), alkyloxy (R n -O-), alkylcarbonyl Alkylcarbonyloxy Alkyloxycarbonyl Mono or dialkyl substituted amino (R n -NH- or , a mono or dialkyl substituted aminoalkyl group (R n -NH-R m - or ), alkylaminoalkyloxycarbonyl (R n -NH-R m -O-CO- or ), hydroxyalkyl (HO-R n -), carboxyalkyl Or substituted with aminoalkyl (H 2 NR n -).
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a hydroxyl group, an oxo group, an aldehyde group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, and an amino alkane.
  • aminoalkylamino group H 2 NR n -NH- or ), alkyloxy, alkyloxyalkyl (R n -OR m -), alkyloxyalkyloxy (R n -OR m -O-), alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy , alkyloxycarbonyl, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, hydroxyalkylamino (HO-R n -NH- or ), hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl (HO-R n -NH-R m or , alkylaminoalkyloxycarbonyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyloxy (HO-R n -O-), carboxyalkyl or aminoalkyl, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 Not all of them are hydrogen atoms.
  • each of the above substituents is described by using a terminal group as a starting group.
  • the above alkyl group, R n , R m or R o each independently represents a monovalent or divalent saturated C 1 -C 4 hydrocarbon group. More specifically, the group means methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, methylene, ethylene, propylene, isopropylidene, Butylene, isobutylene, tert-butyl.
  • the halogen is preferably fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • the Y and Z together with R 1 or R 3 , and R 2 or R 4 constitute a saturated six-membered ring structure or a derivative structure thereof.
  • the X, Y and Z together with R 2 or R 4 constitute a saturated five-membered ring structure or a derivative structure thereof.
  • the saturated five-membered ring structure, the derivatized structure of the saturated six-membered ring structure mainly refers to its tautomer, such as Ring-chain tautomerism.
  • the saturated six-membered ring structure or a derivative thereof is a pyranose ring or a tautomer thereof
  • the saturated five-membered ring structure or a derivative thereof is preferably a pyrrole ring or a derivative thereof.
  • X is oxygen
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group.
  • One or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl group may each be independently substituted with a hydroxyl group or a halogen; provided that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen atoms.
  • the above alkyl group is preferably a C 1 - C 4 alkyl group.
  • At least one of the above R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • X is nitrogen
  • R 1 and R 3 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a carboxyl group
  • R 2 and R 4 are an oxo group and a hydroxyl group, respectively.
  • each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a carboxyl group one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group, carboxyl group or hydroxyl group may be independently substituted by a carboxyl group or an alkyl group; provided that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen atoms.
  • R 2 and R 4 is an alkyl group
  • a saturated five-membered ring structure or a derivative structure thereof may be formed together with X, Y and Z.
  • the above alkyl group is preferably a C 1 - C 4 alkyl group.
  • At least one of the above R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • X is oxygen
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an aminoalkyl group, an alkylamino group, a hydroxy alkane. a group, an amino group or an alkyl group; one or more hydrogen atoms of the aminoalkyl group, alkylamino group, hydroxyalkyl group, amino group or alkyl group may be independently alkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, hydroxyalkane Substituent, hydroxy substitution; provided that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen atoms.
  • the above alkyl group is preferably a C 1 - C 4 alkyl group.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • X is nitrogen
  • R 1 and R 3 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group, an aldehyde group or a hydroxyalkyl group
  • R 2 , R 4 are each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an oxo group, an alkyl group, an alkyloxy group
  • one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group, the aldehyde group, the alkyl group, and the alkyloxy group may be independently
  • the ground is substituted with a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group or an alkyloxy group; provided that R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are not all hydrogen atoms.
  • R 1 or R 3 , R 2 or R 4 may together with Y and Z constitute a saturated six-membered ring structure or a derivative structure thereof.
  • the above alkyl group is preferably a C 1 - C 4 alkyl group.
  • At least one of the above R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is a hydrogen atom.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is selected from one or more of the following structures:
  • the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention can exist in stereoisomeric forms, including all geometric isomers, optical isomers, conformational isomers or mixtures thereof.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention may also contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may therefore exhibit optical isomerism and/or diastereoisomerism.
  • the present invention can be used to separate enantiomers using conventional techniques such as chromatography or fractional crystallization; the desired optical isomers can also be passed through suitable optically active starting materials without causing racemization or diversification.
  • stereo reaction under isomerization conditions ie “chiral cell” method
  • selecting the appropriate starting material and the reaction of "chiral auxiliaries” by derivatization (ie, splitting, including dynamic resolution)
  • derivatization ie, splitting, including dynamic resolution
  • the enantiomeric derivative is isolated by conventional separation means such as chromatography, or by reacting with a suitable chiral reagent or chiral catalyst under conditions known to those skilled in the art to obtain or react to separate the corresponding isomer.
  • All stereoisomers of the compounds of formula (I) and/or mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.
  • the compounds of the invention may also exhibit tautomerism, and all tautomeric forms and/or mixtures thereof are also included within the scope of the invention.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the formula (I) according to the invention include the usual pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the formula (I) with acids or bases.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the present invention is not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that, for example, examples of pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include inorganic acid salts including, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, and carbonic acid.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt include inorganic base salts, and preferred inorganic bases are selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the present invention also provides a process for producing a compound represented by the formula (I) and/or a stereoisomer thereof.
  • 2-[3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid is used as a raw material, and contains The compound of the group is subjected to a substitution reaction with a carboxyhydroxy group, that is, it is obtained.
  • the specific groups referred to by X, Y, Z, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are as described above.
  • the compound represented by the formula (I) of the present invention and/or its stereoisomer can also be obtained by other production methods.
  • the corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be obtained by a conventional salt-forming method in the art.
  • the present invention also provides the use of a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof or a stereoisomer thereof for the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating hyperuricemia and/or gout.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preventing or treating hyperuricemia and/or gout using a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof or a stereoisomer thereof.
  • the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof or a stereoisomer thereof of the present invention can be used in the form of a preparation for various administration routes, including an emulsion, a solution, a suspension, an aerosol, and a dry powder preparation.
  • Administration eg to the skin or to the lungs and/or airways; or systemic administration in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders or granules, for example, or parenteral in the form of a solution or suspension Or subcutaneous administration; or rectal administration in the form of a suppository; or transdermal administration.
  • the compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a stereoisomer thereof of the present invention has better tolerance and safety, and has excellent uric acid-lowering activity.
  • the structure and characterization information of the tautomer F-4B of the compound F-4A is as follows:
  • the present examples provide oral acute toxicity experiments, and a comparative study of existing drugs for treating gout or uric acid lowering is used.
  • Test sample F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B prepared in the above Examples 1 to 10, F-4A, and febuxostat; preparation method: each test sample and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were ground and formulated into a suspension of sodium carboxymethylcellulose at a concentration of 0.2%.
  • Test animals ICR mice; body weight: 18-22 g.
  • mice were intragastrically administered at a dose of 1600 mg/kg to observe the toxicity.
  • Pre-tests showed that the compounds F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B, F-4A were very toxic, 1600mg/kg At the dose, the mice showed no obvious toxicity symptoms and no animal death.
  • Pre-tests showed that febuxostat had some toxicity, and a dose of 1600 mg/kg could cause death in some mice.
  • abnormal reaction mouse ig administration F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B, F-4A,
  • F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B, F-4A were not seen in each dose group.
  • Animals died and some of the high-dose groups of febuxostat died. After the 8th day of administration, there were no deaths in the surviving animals in each group. The surviving animals only saw reduced activity and weight loss, and no other obvious abnormalities were observed.
  • Table 2 LD 50 values of mouse ig test samples (calculated by Bliss method)
  • the present embodiment provides a pharmacodynamic screening test for a rat model in which exogenous uric acid is administered while inhibiting uric acid decomposition, and a positive drug is used as a control.
  • Experimental animals SD rats, free access to water and feeding. The feed is irradiated and sterilized, and the water is sterilized pure water, which is adapted for one week.
  • Test drugs 1.0 g each of F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B, F-4A; 1.0 g of sotan; 1.0 g of febuxotane ethyl ester (2-[3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester).
  • F-1A, F-1B, F-1C, F-2A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, F-3A, F-3B, F-4A preparation take 100mg, respectively 0.5 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose was ground and then diluted to 100 ml.
  • febuxostat and febuxostat ethyl ester 140 mg of febuxostat or febuxostat ethyl ester were added, respectively, and then added with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (20 ml), and then diluted to 100 ml.
  • the other rats were tested for serum uric acid content for 15 days, and were averaged according to the detection value of uric acid content of each rat.
  • Blank group No drugs are given, and the number of animals is 10.
  • Model control group 2 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, QD, and 10 animals.
  • Group F-1A to F-4A 10 compounds were orally administered 10 mg/kg, QD, and the number of animals in each group was 10.
  • the febuxostat group received 14 mg/kg orally, QD, and 10 animals.
  • the febuxostat ethyl ester group was orally administered with 14 mg/kg, QD, and the number of animals was 10.
  • the dose was mg/kg; compared with the model control group, a3:p ⁇ 0.001; compared with 13 days in each group, b3:p ⁇ 0.001; compared with the blank group, c1:p ⁇ 0.05, c2: p ⁇ 0.01, c3: p ⁇ 0.001.
  • the uric acid levels of the test group were significantly lower than those of the model group (a3, p ⁇ 0.001), indicating that all the test drugs had the effect of reducing uric acid, but the specific effects of uric acid reduction in each group were between There are still differences. Among them, F-1B, F-1C, F-3A and F-3B were not significantly different from the blank control group. The uric acid level of the animals after administration was very close to the normal value, and the effect of reducing uric acid was very obvious.
  • F-1A, F-2B, F-2C, F-2D, and F-4A were significantly different from the blank control group (c1, p ⁇ 0.05), and F-2A was significantly different from the blank control group (c2, p ⁇ 0.01), indicating that the uric acid level of the animal after administration was different from the normal value, but the uric acid lowering effect was still excellent.
  • the positive drug, febuxostat had a better uric acid-lowering effect, but there was a significant difference compared with the blank control group after administration (c3, p ⁇ 0.001), indicating that the animal's uric acid level was significantly different from the normal value. Inferior to the compounds of the invention.
  • this example selects a portion of the compounds of the present invention for dose-response studies in a rat model of administration of exogenous uric acid while inhibiting uric acid breakdown. And a control was performed with a positive drug.
  • mice male SPF grade SD rats weighing 110-150 grams. The animals were conditioned for 1 week, and the signs of body surface were observed, free to drink and eat. All cages were sterilized at 121 ° C, the feed was sterilized by irradiation, and the water was sterilized pure water.
  • Test drugs 1.0 g each of F-1C, F-2C and F-3A.
  • Febuxotan (positive drug) 1.0 g
  • febuxostat ethyl ester (2-[3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester) 1.0 g
  • febuxostat ethyl ester (2-[3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl]-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
  • Automatic biochemical analyzer Japan Olympus Co., Ltd. automatic biochemical analyzer AU480.
  • the other rats were tested for serum uric acid content for 15 days, and were averaged according to the detection value of uric acid content of each rat.
  • Blank group No drugs are given, and the number of animals is 10.
  • Model control group 2 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, QD, and 10 animals.
  • F-1C group, F-2C group, F-3A group Each compound was orally administered with three doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, QD, and the number of animals per dose group was 10.
  • the febuxostat group received 10 mg/kg orally, QD, and the number of animals was 10.
  • the febuxostat ethyl ester group was orally administered with 10 mg/kg, QD, and the number of animals was 10.
  • the blank group does not give any drugs
  • the other groups daily oral administration of potassium oxonate 1g / kg and uric acid 0.3g / kg + intraperitoneal injection of 0.1g / kg uric acid (dissolved in 0.5% carboxymethyl fiber Sodium), administered once a day for a total of 15 days.
  • 0.5 ml of blood was taken from the eyelids before the experiment and 13 days after the modeling, and the serum was separated to determine the serum uric acid content.
  • the serum uric acid value of each rat was grouped on average, and the test drug was administered by gavage.
  • Three hours after the first administration 0.5 ml of rat orbital venous blood was taken, centrifuged at 3000 RPM for 15 min, serum was taken, and each rat was tested. Serum uric acid content.
  • a3 p ⁇ 0.001 compared with the blank group
  • b3 p ⁇ 0.001 compared with the model control group
  • c3 p ⁇ 0.001 compared with febuxostat.
  • the rats were given a continuous intragastric administration of potassium oxonate 1g / kg + uric acid 0.3g / kg suspension + intraperitoneal injection of 0.1g / kg uric acid (dissolved in 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) for 15 days,
  • the serum uric acid content of the model rats was significantly different (p ⁇ 0.001).
  • the rat model of uric acidemia in which the exogenous uric acid was administered while inhibiting uric acid decomposition was successful.
  • the uric acid value of each test drug group decreased compared with the model group, indicating that each test drug group had a certain uric acid-lowering effect. It was found by comparison of each dose group that the compound of the present invention showed a better dose-effect relationship, and the higher the dose, the better the uric acid lowering effect; in addition, the effect of the compound of the present invention on uric acid lowering was significantly better than that of the positive drug at the same dose (p ⁇ 0.001).

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其立体异构体和可药用的盐，所述噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物的结构如通式(I)所示。本发明所述通式(I)化合物、其立体异构体和/或其可药用的盐可以用于制备预防或治疗高尿酸血症和/或痛风的药物，且可制备成各种给药途径的剂型。本发明提供的化合物具有良好的耐受性、安全性和优异的降尿酸活性。

Description

噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域，具体涉及一种噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
痛风是人体嘌呤代谢异常所致的一组综合征，高尿酸血症是其病变发展中的一个阶段。原发性痛风根据病情进展特征，病程可分为以下4期：无症状高尿酸血症期、急性发作期、无症状的间歇期、慢性期，主要临床表现有以下几方面：(1)无症状性高尿酸血症。无症状性高尿酸血症的发生十分隐袭，初期为间断出现，逐渐呈持续性。(2)急性痛风性关节炎。此为痛风最具有特征且多见的症状，起病急骤，在数小时之内受累关节即可出现明显的红肿、热痛，常于夜间发作，因关节剧痛而醒，关节局部因疼痛不能触摸，甚至不能盖床单，活动受限。(3)痛风间歇期。痛风间歇期是指两次急性痛风性关节炎发作的间期，短则数周，长则数十年。仍可有高尿酸血症，受饮食及治疗情况影响，血尿酸水平不稳定。(4)慢性砂砾性痛风。长期高尿酸血症未能纠正，尿酸盐结晶可广泛沉积于关节软骨、滑膜、韧带、皮下、肾脏，逐渐形成尿酸盐结石，重则影响沉积组织的生理功能。(5)皮下痛风石结节。皮下痛风石结节由尿酸盐结晶沉积于皮下形成，好发于耳轮、关节周边。(6)慢性痛风性关节炎。反复多次急性关节炎发作引起关节组织纤维化及痛风石在关节软骨、滑膜、韧带的沉积，使病变关节逐渐破坏变形，失去运动功能。(7)慢性痛风性肾病和肾结石尿酸盐结晶。在肾脏的沉积有两种形式，包括尿酸分泌排泄不足引起的肾小管外尿酸盐沉积及肾小管内尿酸浓度过高不能及时排出而滞留的肾小管内尿酸盐沉积。慢性尿酸性肾病可在这两种尿酸肾内沉积形式的基础上发生。
继发性痛风的临床表现为在发生高尿酸血症前多为继发病的临床特征。除因先天性肾小管功能异常和慢性肾功能衰竭所致继发性痛风起病缓慢外，多起病较急。以高尿酸血症和大量尿酸盐在肾小管内沉积引起急性肾功能衰竭为多见，血尿酸浓度可＞1mmol/L，尿尿酸明显增多，尿沉渣中可见大量尿酸盐结晶，偶可见镜下或肉眼血尿。患者可有尿痛、腰背痛、恶心、呕吐、少尿或无尿等症状。
痛风的治疗包括两个方面，即消炎止痛和降低血尿酸两个方面，前者为标，后者为本，急则治标，达到标本兼治的目的，因此，相应的药物包括以下两类：第一类、消炎止痛类药物，主要包括：(1)秋水仙碱。秋水仙碱有阻止细胞有丝分裂的作用，可抑制炎性细胞的趋化和减少炎症因子释放，对于急性发作的 痛风关节炎具有独特的抗炎消肿效用。(2)非甾体抗炎药。该类药物品种较多，主要通过抑制组织对尿酸沉积的炎性反应减轻痛风急性关节炎发作时的局部软组织红肿、热痛及全身反应，对血清尿酸水平多无影响。(3)肾上腺糖皮质激素。在急性痛风关节炎发作症状特别严重，或对秋水仙碱不耐受者，可用中小剂量泼尼松、地塞米松，以减轻组织的炎性反应。第二类、降尿酸药物，体内尿酸的生成与嘌呤代谢有关，在嘌呤代谢的最后步骤中，次黄嘌呤在黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(XOR)的作用下生成黄嘌呤，再进一步生成尿酸，抑制该酶的活性可以有效的减少尿酸的生成。降尿酸药物主要通过抑制体内尿酸生成和促进血液中尿酸的排出发挥降尿酸效果，主要药物有以下几种：(1)丙磺舒。该药可抑制肾小管对尿酸盐的再吸收，从而增加尿酸从肾脏的排出，适用于血尿酸高，尿尿酸排量＜3.6mmol/d(＜600mg/d)的痛风患者。(2)苯溴马隆(痛风利仙)。该药通过抑制近端肾小管对尿酸的重吸收而促进尿酸的排泄，不阻挠嘌呤核苷酸的代谢。主要通过胃肠道排出(肝内代谢，胆汁排出)，适用于尿尿酸排量＜3.6mmol/d的痛风患者，也可用于肌苷轻度升高的早期肾功能不全的痛风患者。(3)别嘌醇。该药为黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂，可抑制次黄嘌呤转变为黄嘌呤再转为尿酸，从而减少了尿酸的合成。适用于自身尿酸生成过多的原发或继发痛风患者。(4)非布索坦。非布索坦对氧化型和还原型的XOR均有显著的抑制作用，因而其降低尿酸的作用更强大、持久，因此可用于治疗痛风的慢性高尿酸血症。
然而，现有治疗痛风或降尿酸的药物仍然存在较大的副作用从而耐受性差。例如秋水仙碱和非甾体抗炎药具有明显的胃肠道不良反应。肾上腺糖皮质激素类药物长期使用会导致代谢紊乱和激素失调。丙磺舒可引起消化道溃疡和肾结石。苯溴马隆可引起严重的肝损伤。别嘌醇可引起严重的药物性皮疹。非布索坦可引起肝功能异常、肾小管肾炎以及增加心血管不良反应等。因而，开发安全性更佳、疗效优异的治疗痛风或降尿酸的药物在临床上具有非常重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类耐受性更好、安全性更佳、疗效优异的治疗痛风或降低尿酸的化合物，即噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物。
具体而言，本发明所述噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物是指通式(I)所示的化合物、其立体异构体和/或可药用的盐：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000001
所述通式(I)中：
X选自氧或氮；Y、Z均为碳。
其中，X选自氧是指X为
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000002
X选自氮是指X为
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000003
或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000004
即可以是仲氨基或叔氨基。
R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素、氧代，以及取代或未取代的氨基、烷基氨基、醛基、烷基、氨基烷基、羟基烷基、羟基、烷基氧基、烷基羰基氧基、羧基、烷基羰基或烷基氧基羰基；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。
通式(I)中，所述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4中的一个或多个基团还可以与X、Y和Z中的一个或多个原子一起组成饱和五元环状结构、饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构；条件是不包括R 3或R 4与X、Y和Z组成的饱和六元环状结构。
或者，上述R 1、R 2、R 3或R 4基团中的一个或多个氢原子可以任选各自独立地进一步被卤素、羟基、烷基氧基、烷基羰基氧基、醛基、羧基、烷基羰基、烷基氧基羰基、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基、氨基、烷基氨基、烷基、羟基烷基、羧基烷基、氨基烷基或烷基氨基烷基所取代。
本发明进一步对所述通式(I)中各基团进行优选。具体而言：
通式(1)中，所述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地选自如下基团：氢原子(H-)、卤素(X-)、羟基(HO-)、氧代(O＝)、醛基(-CHO)、羧基(-COOH)、氨基(H 2N-)、烷基(R n-)、卤代烷基(X-R n-)、氨基烷基(H 2N-R n-)、烷氧基(R n-O-)、烷基羰基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000005
烷基羰基氧基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000006
烷基氧基羰基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000007
单或双烷基取代的氨基(R n-NH-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000008
)、烷基氨基烷基(R n-NH-R m-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000009
)、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基(R n-NH-R m-O-CO-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000010
)、羟基烷基(HO-R n-)、羧基烷基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000011
氨基烷基(H 2N-R n-)；并且R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。
所述通式(I)中R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4基团中的一个或多个氢原子可以任选各自独立地被卤素(X-)、羟基(HO-)、醛基(-CHO)、羧基(-COOH)、氨基(H 2N-)、烷基(R n-)、烷基氧基(R n-O-)、烷基羰基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000012
烷基羰基氧基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000013
烷基氧基羰基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000014
单或双烷基取代的氨基(R n-NH-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000015
)、单或双烷基取代的氨基烷基(R n-NH-R m-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000016
)、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基(R n-NH-R m-O-CO-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000017
)、羟基烷基(HO-R n-)、羧基烷基
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000018
或氨基烷基(H 2N-R n-)所取代。
本发明进一步优选，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地选自如下基团：氢原子、卤素、羟基、氧代、醛基、羧基、氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、氨基烷基、氨基烷基氨基(H 2N-R n-NH-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000019
)、烷基氧基、烷基氧基烷基(R n-O-R m-)、烷基氧基烷基氧基(R n-O-R m-O-)、烷基羰基、烷基羰基氧基、烷基氧基羰基、烷基氨基、烷基氨基烷基、羟基烷基氨基(HO-R n-NH-或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000020
)、羟基烷基氨基烷基(HO-R n-NH-R m或
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000021
)、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基、羟基烷基、羟基烷基氧基(HO-R n-O-)、羧基烷基或氨基烷基，并且R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。
上述各取代基均采用以端基为起始基团的方式记载。本发明进一步优选上述烷基、R n、R m或R o各自独立地代表一价或二价的饱和C 1～C 4烃基。更具体的，所述基团表示甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚异丙基、亚丁基、亚异丁基、亚叔丁基。
所述卤素优选为氟、氯、溴或碘。
所述R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4定义中的“氧代”是指R 1与R 3一起，或者R 2与R 4一起形成的二价基团O＝，或者R 1、R 3、R 2、R 4本身可以为二价基团O＝。
通式(I)的一种优选方式，所述Y和Z与R 1或R 3，以及R 2或R 4一起组成饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构。
通式(I)的一种优选方式，所述X、Y和Z与R 2或R 4一起组成饱和五元环状结构或其衍生结构。
根据本发明，所述饱和五元环状结构、饱和六元环状结构的衍生结构主要是指其互变异构体，例如环-链互变异构体(Ring-chain tautomerism)。
例如，本发明的一种优选方案中，所述饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构为吡喃糖环或其互变异构体
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000022
本发明的另一种优选方案中，所述的饱和五元环状结构或其衍生结构优选为吡咯环或其衍生结构。
作为本发明的第一种具体的优选方案，通式(I)中：X为氧，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素、羟基或烷基，所述烷基上的一个或多个氢原子可各自独立地被羟基或卤素取代；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。
优选地，上述烷基优选为C 1～C 4的烷基。
优选地，上述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4中至少有一个基团为氢原子。
进一步优选地，通式(I)所示化合物选自如下结构中的一种或多种：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000024
作为本发明的第二种优选方案，通式(I)中，X为氮，R 1、R 3各自独立地选自氢原子、烷基或羧基；R 2、R 4分别为氧代和羟基，或各自独立地选自氢原子、烷基或羧基；所述烷基、羧基或羟基中的一个或多个氢原子可独立地被羧基或烷基取代；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。其中，当R 2、R 4之一为烷基时，可以与X、Y和Z一起组成饱和五元环结构或其衍生结构。
优选地，上述烷基优选为C 1～C 4的烷基。
优选地，上述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4中至少有一个基团为氢原子。
进一步优选地，通式(I)所示化合物选自如下结构中的一种或多种：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000025
作为本发明的第三种优选方案，通式(I)中，X为氧，R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4各自独立地选自氢原子、氨基烷基、烷基氨基、羟基烷基、氨基或烷基；所述氨基烷基、烷基氨基、羟基烷基、氨基或烷基中的一个或 多个氢原子可独立地被烷基、氨基烷基、烷基氨基、羟基烷基、羟基取代；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。
优选地，上述烷基优选为C 1～C 4的烷基。
优选地，上述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4中至少有一个基团为氢原子。进一步优选地，通式(I)所示化合物选自如下结构中的一种或多种：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000026
作为本发明的第四种优选方案，通式(I)中，X为氮，R 1、R 3各自独立地选自氢原子、烷基、烷基氧基、醛基或羟基烷基，R 2、R 4各自独立地选自氢原子、羟基、氧代、烷基、烷基氧基；所述烷基、醛基、烷基、烷基氧基中的一个或多个氢原子可独立地被羟基、烷基或烷基氧基取代；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子。其中，所述R 1或R 3、R 2或R 4可以与Y和Z一起组成饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构。
优选地，上述烷基优选为C 1～C 4的烷基。
优选地，上述R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4中至少有一个基团为氢原子。
进一步优选地，通式(I)所示化合物选自如下结构中的一种或多种：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000027
本发明通式(I)化合物能以立体异构体的形式存在，包括所有的几何异构体、光学异构体、构象异构体或其混合物。本发明通式(I)化合物也可以含有一个或多个不对称碳原子，并且因此可以显示出光学异构和/或非对映异构现象。本发明可以使用常规技术，例如色谱或分步结晶等分离对映异构体；所需要的光 学异构体也可以通过合适的光学活性的起始原料，在不会造成外消旋或差向(立体)异构化的条件下的反应(即“手性池”方法)，选择合适的起始原料与“手性助剂”的反应，通过衍生化(即拆分，包括动态拆分)，以及常规分离方式例如色谱分离出对映衍生物，或通过在对本领域人员已知的条件下与合适的手性试剂或手性催化剂反应，得到或者反应后分离出对应异构体。通式(I)化合物所有的立体异构体和/或其混合物都被包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明的化合物也可显示出互变异构现象，所有的互变异构形式和/或其混合物也被包括在本发明的范围内。
本发明所述的通式(I)化合物的可药用盐包括通式(I)化合物与酸、或碱所形成的常用可药用盐。本发明对可药用盐无特殊限定，本领域技术人员可以理解，例如药学上可接受的酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸盐，所述无机酸包括例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、碳酸，碳酸氢根，磷酸、磷酸一氢根、磷酸二氢根、硫酸、硫酸氢根、氢碘酸、亚磷酸等；以及有机酸盐，所述有机酸包括如乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、反丁烯二酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和甲磺酸等类似的酸；还包括氨基酸(如精氨酸等)的盐，以及如葡糖醛酸等有机酸的盐。所述药学上可接受的碱加成盐的实例包括无机碱盐，较佳的无机碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、碳酸钠或碳酸氢钾等。
本发明同时提供了通式(I)所示的化合物和/或其立体异构体的一种制备方法。具体为：以2-[3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基]-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸为原料，采用含有
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000028
基团的化合物对羧羟基进行取代反应，即得。其中，所述X、Y、Z、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4所指代的具体基团如前文所述。
本发明的通式(I)所示的化合物和/或其立体异构体也可以通过其他制备方法得到。在获得通式(I)所示的化合物和/或其立体异构体的基础上，采用本领域的常规成盐方法可获得相应的可药用的盐。
本发明还提供了通式(I)化合物或其盐或其立体异构体在制备预防或治疗高尿酸血症和/或痛风药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种预防或治疗高尿酸血症和/或痛风的方法，该方法中使用通式(I)化合物或其盐或其立体异构体。
本发明所述通式(I)化合物或其盐或其立体异构体可以用于制备各种给药途径的剂型，包括乳剂、溶液、混悬剂、气雾剂以及干粉制剂的形式进行局部给药(如对皮肤或对肺和/或气道)；或以片剂、胶囊、 糖浆、散剂或颗粒如经口服进行全身给药；或以溶液或混悬液的形式进行肠胃外给药；或进行皮下给药；或以栓剂的形式经直肠给药；或透皮给药。
本发明所述通式(I)化合物或其药学上的盐或其立体异构体，具有更好的耐受性和安全性，并且具有优异的降尿酸活性。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
以下各实施例中涉及的原料均市售可得；其中，原料2-[3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基]-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸，下文均简称为化合物F。
实施例1：F-1A的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000029
称取1g化合物F置于圆底瓶内，加入100mL二氯甲烷，搅拌2min得不溶的悬液，再依次加入386mg DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)、1.3g DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺)、3.5mL乙二醇，室温反应24小时后滤除产生的白色固体，滤液再分别用水洗、饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥后浓缩得粗品，以柱层析纯化得640mg固体，产率56.1％，HPLC纯度96.2％。
所得化合物F-1A的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ8.17(s，1H)，8.08-8.11(d，1H)，6.99-7.02(d，1H)，5.34(s，1H)，4.43-4.45(t，2H)，3.94-3.96(d，2H)，3.89-3.90(t，2H)，2.77(s，3H)，2.15-2.21(m，1H)，1.07-1.09(d，6H)；
ESI-MS：361.1(M+1)。
实施例2：F-1B的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000030
称取1g化合物F置于圆底瓶内，加入100mL二氯甲烷，搅拌2分钟得不溶的悬液，再依次加入386mg DMAP(4-二甲氨基吡啶)、1.3g DCC(二环己基碳二亚胺)、5mL丙三醇，室温反应，TLC监测，反应结束后滤 除产生的白色固体，滤液再分别用水洗、饱和食盐水洗，无水硫酸钠干燥浓缩得粗品，以柱层析纯化得510mg固体，产率43.0％，HPLC纯度98.4％。
所得化合物F-1B的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ8.15(s，1H)，8.06-8.12(d，1H)，6.98-7.01(d，1H)，5.02(s，2H)，4.48-4.51(m，1H)，4.26-4.29(m，1H)，3.96-3.98(d，2H)，3.80-3.87(m，1H)，3.54-3.57(m，2H)，2.75(s，3H)，2.17-2.23(m，1H)，1.07-1.09(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：391.1(M+1)。
实施例3：F-1C的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000031
称取20g化合物F于圆底烧瓶内，加入200mL二氯甲烷，1滴DMF(N，N-二甲基甲酰胺)，搅拌2分钟得不溶的悬液，再于冰浴下滴加入15.8mL草酰氯，25℃反应，4.5小时后反应体系为淡黄色，蒸干溶剂得淡黄色固体。以氮气置换该反应瓶中的空气5分钟，然后加入300mL无水二氯甲烷，再次充氮气置换空气后于冰浴下滴加15ml乙醛和32ml 1mol/L氯化锌溶液，氯化锌加入后，体系出现絮状物。加毕，室温反应5小时后结束反应，以5％的碳酸氢钠溶液反复洗，出现大量絮状物，过滤、水洗、饱和食盐水洗，再干燥、浓缩，纯化得21.1g无色固体，产率88.3％，HPLC纯度98.5％。
所得化合物F-1C的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d6DMSO)：δ8.19(s，1H)，8.09-8.12(dd，1H)，7.0-7.03(d，1H)，6.69-6.74(d，1H)，3.89-3.90(d，2H)，2.78(s，3H)，2.17-2.25(m，1H)，1.90-1.91(d，3H)，1.07-1.09(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 378.9，380.9(M+1)。
实施例4：化合物F-2A的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000032
称取3.16g化合物F置于圆底烧瓶内，加入25mL二甲基甲酰胺，0.75g甘氨酸，5.7gHATU[2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N，N，N′，N′-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯]及1ml DIPA(二异丙基苯胺)，室温搅拌反应，TLC监测反应，反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂，然后向体系中加入100ml乙酸乙酯、1ml冰醋酸，体系反复振摇后，然后以饱和食 盐水洗涤，然后以柱层析纯化得2.29g，产率61.3％，HPLC纯度98.9％。
所得化合物F-2A的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ12.78(broad，1H)，8.55-8.57(d，1H)，8.27(s，1H)，8.20-8.23(d，1H)，7.39-7.41(d，1H)，4.03-4.04(d，2H)，3.89-3.90(d，2H)，2.76(s，3H)，2.20-2.26(m，1H)，1.11-1.13(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 372.1(M-1)。
实施例5：化合物F-2B的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000033
称取3.16g化合物F置于圆底烧瓶内，加入25mL二甲基甲酰胺，0.89g甘氨酸，5.7gHATU及1.5ml DIPA，室温搅拌反应，TLC监测反应，反应结束后减压蒸出溶剂，然后向体系中加入100ml乙酸乙酯、1ml冰醋酸，体系反复振摇后，然后以饱和食盐水洗涤，然后以柱层析纯化得2.21g，产率57.1％，HPLC纯度98.7％。
所得化合物F-2B的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ12.71(broad，1H)，8.53-8.55(d，1H)，8.27(s，1H)，8.19-8.22(d，1H)，7.37-7.40(d，1H)，4.64-4.66(m，1H)，4.01-4.02(d，2H)，2.79(s，3H)，2.19-2.25(m，1H)，1.44(d，3H)，1.11-1.13(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 386.1(M-1)。
实施例6：化合物F-2C的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000034
称取3.16g化合物F置于圆底烧瓶内，加入25mL二甲基甲酰胺，1.33g天门冬氨酸，5.7gHATU及3ml DIPA，室温搅拌反应，TLC监测反应，反应结束后向体系中加入200ml乙酸乙酯，然后加入4ml冰醋酸，体系反复振摇后，然后以饱和食盐水洗涤，然后以柱层析纯化得2.08g，产率48.2％，HPLC纯度98.6％。
所得化合物F-2C的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ12.74(broad，2H)，8.56-8.58(d，1H)，8.28(s，1H)，8.20-8.23 (d，1H)，7.39-7.41(d，1H)，4.69-4.74(m，1H)，4.02-4.03(d，2H)，2.61-2.74(m，2H)，2.52(s，3H)，2.08-2.14(m，1H)，1.03-1.04(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 430.1、431.1(M-1)。
实施例7：化合物F-2D的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000035
按照上述反应式，参照实施例6中所述的方法，制备得到3.13g白色粉末状固体，产率75.8％，HPLC纯度97.6％。
所得化合物F-2D的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ12.68(broad，1H)，8.28(s，1H)，8.20-8.23(d，1H)，7.39-7.41(d，1H)，4.67-4.71(m，1H)，4.0-4.01(d，2H)，2.71(s，3H)，2.01-2.08(m，1H)，1.87-1.90(m，1H)，1.67-1.70(m，1H)，1.63-1.66(m，2H)，1.43-1.46(m，2H)，1.0-1.01(d，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 412.1(M-1)。
实施例8：化合物F-3A的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000036
按照上述反应式，参照实施例6中所述的方法，制备得到F3A的白色粉末状固体2.84g，产率68.1％。然后回流条件下将该白色固体以15ml异丙醇溶解，再滴加1ml浓盐酸，继续搅拌10分钟后，室温静置过夜析出白色固体，过滤，以冷异丙醇洗涤得1.58g。HPLC纯度99.1％。
所得化合物F-3A的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ10.26(broad，1H)，8.29-8.30(d，1H)，8.21-8.24(s，1H)，7.36-7.38(m，1H)，5.37((broad，1H)，4.60((broad，2H)，3.97-3.99(d，2H)，3.75-3.76(d，2H)，3.49-3.58(broad，2H)，3.20(broad，2H)，2.84(s，3H)，2.67(s，3H)，2.02-2.11(m，1H)，0.97-0.99(s，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 418.2(游离碱分子量M+1)，834.9(2M+1)。
实施例9：化合物F-3B的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000037
按照上述反应式，参照实施例6所述的方法，制备得到F3B的白色固体2.91g，产率65.2％，HPLC纯度98.7％。
所得化合物F-3B的结构表征信息如下：
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ10.19(broad，1H)，8.23-8.24(d，1H)，8.17-8.20(s，1H)，7.30-7.32(m，1H)，5.30((broad，1H)，4.52((broad，2H)，3.91-3.93(d，2H)，3.70-3.71(d，2H)，3.42-3.51(broad，2H)，3.15(broad，2H)，2.80(s，3H)，2.61(s，3H)，1.98-2.07(m，1H)，1.80-1.84(m，2H)，1.51-1.54(m，2H)，0.96-0.98(s，6H)。
ESI-MS：m/z 446.2(游离碱分子量+1)。
实施例10：化合物F-4A、F-4B的制备
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000038
称取3.16g化合物F置于圆底烧瓶内，加入15mL二甲基甲酰胺及15ml的二甲基亚砜，2.16g盐酸氨基葡萄糖，5.7gHATU及3ml DIPA，室温搅拌反应24小时后向体系中加入60ml乙醚，析出的固体再以柱层析纯化得2.15g，产率45.2％，HPLC纯度98.1％。
其中，所得化合物F-4A的结构及表征信息如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000039
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO)：δ8.26-8.28(d，1H)，8.20-8.23(dd，1H)，7.88-8.10(m，1H)，7.40-7.42(d，1H)，6.60-6.70(m，1H)，5.11-5.13(t，1H)，5.01-5.05(m，1H)，4.87-4.88(d，1H)，4.59-4.64(m，1H)，4.49-4.52(t，1H)，4.03-4.04(d，2H)，3.36-3.75(m，5H)，2.56(s，3H)，2.04-2.15(m，1H)，1.09-1.10(d，6H).
ESI-MS：m/z：478.1(M+1)。
化合物F-4A的互变异构体F-4B的结构及表征信息如下：
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000040
1H-NMR(400MHz，d 6DMSO+D 2O)：δ8.17(s，1H)，8.11-8.13(d，1H)，7.27-7.29(d，1H)，5.11-5.13(d，0.67H)，4.63-4.65(d，034H)，3.94-3.95(d，2H)，3.23-3.84(m，6H)，2.53(s，3H)，2.03-2.06(m，1H)，0.97-0.98(d，6H).
ESI-MS：m/z：478.1(M+1)。
实施例11
为验证本发明化合物的耐受性和安全性，本实施例提供了口服急性毒性实验，并选用现有治疗痛风或降尿酸的药物进行对比研究。
1、受试样品：
受试样品：上述实施例1～10制备得到的F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A，以及非布索坦；配制方法：取各受试样品和羧甲基纤维素钠，研磨配成浓度为0.2％的羧甲基纤维素钠混悬液。
2、受试动物：ICR小鼠；体重：18-22g。
3、剂量设置：
首先进行预试验。将各受试样品按1600mg/kg剂量对小鼠进行灌胃，观察毒性反应情况。预试验显示化合物F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A毒性很小，1600mg/kg剂量下小鼠未见明显毒性症状，亦无动物死亡。预试验显示非布索坦有一定毒性，1600mg/kg剂量可引起部分小鼠死亡。
在预实验基础上，对各受试样品进行正式试验的剂量进行设置，如表1所示。
表1：毒性试验中各受试样品剂量设置情况
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000041
*最大配药浓度。
4、给药途径：灌胃给药(ig)。
5、试验方法：
试验室环境：室温24±2℃，相对湿度60～70％。
观察指标：将各受试样品按上述剂量根据给药容积按等比稀释法配成相应浓度的药物溶液，等容ig给药1次，记录小鼠各种中毒症状及死亡情况，死亡动物进行尸检。
观察期：14天。
6、试验结果
6.1、异常反应：小鼠ig给药F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A、非布索坦后12h之内，各剂量组中仅非布索坦高剂量组中部分动物出现活动减少，未见组其他异常。给药24h之内，F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A各剂量组未见动物死亡，非布索坦部分高剂量组动物死亡。给药第8天后各组存活动物未见死亡，存活动物仅见活动减少及消瘦，未见其他明显异常。
6.2、尸检结果：高剂量组死亡动物尸检均可见双侧肾脏颜色变浅，尿潴留，其他脏器未见明显异常，观察完毕存活动物尸检显示各脏器正常，而F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A化合物组存活动物尸检均未见明显脏器异常改变。
6.3、死亡原因：小鼠给药非布索坦后，可能由于泌尿系统的毒性，导致最终全身衰竭而亡。
6.4、小鼠ig受试样品的死亡情况及LD 50值如表2所示。
表2：小鼠ig受试样品的LD 50值(用Bliss法计算)
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000042
小结：本发明的化合物F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A的耐受性和安全性非常好，LD 50达到3000mg/kg以上，并且显著优于现有药物。
实施例12
为验证本发明化合物的药理活性，本实施例提供了针对给予外源性尿酸同时抑制尿酸分解的大鼠模型 的药效筛选实验，并选用阳性药物进行对照。
1、实验动物：SD大鼠，自由饮水和采食。饲料为经辐照灭菌处理的饲料，水为灭菌处理的纯净水，适应性饲养一周。
2、试验药品：F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A各1.0克；非布索坦1.0克；非布索坦乙酯(2-[3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基]-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯)1.0克。
3、药物配制：
3.1、F-1A、F-1B、F-1C、F-2A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-3A、F-3B、F-4A的配制：分别取100mg，分别加0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20ml研磨，然后分别稀释至100ml。
3.2、非布索坦、非布索坦乙酯的配制：分别取非布索坦或非布索坦乙酯140mg，分别加0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20ml研磨，然后分别稀释至100ml。
4、试验用试剂、药品、仪器：
氧嗪酸钾(Oxonic acid)、尿酸(Uric)、羧甲基纤维素钠、尿酸(UA)测定试剂盒。美国Multiskan MK3酶标仪。芬兰Thermo Labsystems Multiskan Ascent V1酶标仪。
5、分组与给药：
除空白组外，其余大鼠造模15天检测血清尿酸含量，根据每只大鼠尿酸含量检测值进行平均分组。
空白组：不给任何药物，动物数量10只。模型对照组：口服2ml 0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠，QD，动物数量10只。F-1A组～F-4A组：10个化合物均口服10mg/kg，QD，每组动物数量10只。非布索坦组口服14mg/kg，QD，动物数量10只。非布索坦乙酯组口服14mg/kg，QD，动物数量10只。
6、实验方法及操作步骤：空白组不给任何药物，其余各组每天口服给予氧嗪酸钾1.5g/kg+尿酸0.3g/kg(溶于0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠)，每日按时按量灌服1次，共计15天。在实验前和造模13天眼眶取血0.5ml，分离血清，测定血清尿酸含量。造模成功后，按每只大鼠血清尿酸值平均分组。分组后再继续给造模药氧嗪酸钾1.5g/kg+尿酸0.3g/kg 2天，于最后一次造模给药后1小时，开始灌胃给予试验药品，首次给药后3小时采取大鼠眼眶静脉血0.5ml，3000RPM离心15min，取血清，采用尿酸(UA)测定试剂盒，用美国Multiskan MK3酶标仪，芬兰Thermo Labsystems Multiskan Ascent V1酶标仪检测每只鼠血清尿酸的含量。
7、统计学处理及实验结果：数据用均数土标准差(`x士SD)表示，应用Excel 7.0和SPPS 13.0 for windows软件进行分析，组间比较用q检验，用药前后比较用自身配对t检验，P＜0.05表示差异有显著意义。整理 后的主要实验结果见表3。
表3：本发明化合物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸含量的影响
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000043
注：给药剂量为mg/kg；与模型对照组比，a3∶p＜0.001；与各组造模13天比，b3∶p＜0.001；与空白组比，c1∶p＜0.05，c2∶p＜0.01，c3∶p＜0.001。
从表3结果可见，本实验给予外源性尿酸同时抑制尿酸分解的大鼠高尿酸血症模型是成功的。大鼠连续灌胃给予氧嗪酸钾1.5g/kg+尿酸0.3g/kg混悬液15天，造模大鼠血清尿酸含量与造模前相比差异非常显著(p＜0.001)，表明高尿酸血症模型是成功的。
给药后3小时，各试验药物组较模型组动物尿酸水平均有极其显著的下降(a3，p＜0.001)，表明所有试验药物均有降尿酸效果，但各组降尿酸的具体效果之间还是存在差异。其中，F-1B、F-1C、F-3A和F-3B与空白对照组相比没有显著差异，给药后动物的尿酸水平已经非常接近正常值，降尿酸效果非常明显。F-1A、F-2B、F-2C、F-2D、F-4A与空白对照组相比有显著差异(c1，p＜0.05)，F-2A与空白对照组有很显 著差异(c2，p＜0.01)，表明给药后动物尿酸水平与正常值有一定差距，但降尿酸效果仍然非常优异。阳性药物非布索坦有较好的降尿酸作用，但给药后与空白对照组相比有极其显著的差异(c3，p＜0.001)，显示动物尿酸水平与正常值差异较大，药效劣于本发明的化合物。非布索坦的中间体非布索坦乙酯的效果劣于非布索坦。该研究表明本发明的化合物具有优异的降尿酸作用，且效果优于现有的降尿酸药物。
实施例13
为了进一步研究本发明化合物的药理活性，以及活性和剂量之间的关系，本实施例选取了部分本发明的化合物进行了针对给予外源性尿酸同时抑制尿酸分解的大鼠模型的量效关系研究，并且用阳性药物进行了对照。
1、实验动物：体重110～150克的雄性SPF级SD大鼠。动物适应性饲养1周，观察体表体征，自由饮水和采食。所有笼具经过121℃灭菌处理，饲料经辐照灭菌处理，水为灭菌处理的纯净水。
2、试验药品：F-1C、F-2C、F-3A各1.0克。非布索坦(阳性药物)1.0克；非布索坦乙酯(2-[3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基]-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯)1.0克；
3、药物配制：
3.1、F-1C、F-2C、F-3A的配制：分别取100mg，分别加0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20ml研磨，然后分别稀释至100ml。
3.2、取非布索坦100mg，加0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠20ml研磨，然后稀释至100ml。
4、试验用试剂、药品、仪器：
氧嗪酸钾(Oxonic acid)、尿酸(Uric)、羧甲基纤维素钠、尿酸(UA)测定试剂盒。自动生化仪：日本奥林巴斯株式会社全自动生化仪AU480。
5、分组与给药：
除空白组外，其余大鼠造模15天检测血清尿酸含量，根据每只大鼠尿酸含量检测值进行平均分组。
空白组：不给任何药物，动物数量10只。模型对照组：口服2ml 0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠，QD，动物数量10只。F-1C组、F-2C组、F-3A组：每个化合物分别口服3个剂量，为2.5、5及10mg/kg，QD，每剂量组动物数量10只。非布索坦组口服10mg/kg，QD，动物数量10只。非布索坦乙酯组口服10mg/kg，QD，动物数量10只。
6、实验方法及操作步骤：空白组不给任何药物，其余各组每天口服给予氧嗪酸钾1g/kg和尿酸0.3g/kg+腹腔注射0.1g/kg尿酸(溶于0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠)，每日按时给药1次，共计15天。在实验前和造模13 天眼眶取血0.5ml，分离血清，测定血清尿酸含量。造模成功后，按每只大鼠血清尿酸值平均分组，开始灌胃给予试验药品，首次给药后3小时，采取大鼠眼眶静脉血0.5ml，3000RPM离心15min，取血清，检测每只鼠血清尿酸的含量。
7、统计学处理和实验结果：数据用均数土标准差(`x士SD)表示，应用Excel 7.0和SPPS 13.0 for windows软件进行分析，组间比较用q检验，用药前后比较用自身配对t检验，P＜0.05表示差异有显著意义。整理后的主要实验结果见表4。
表4：不同剂量的本发明化合物对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸含量的影响
Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-000044
注：与空白组比，a3∶p＜0.001；与模型对照组比，b3∶p＜0.001；与非布索坦比，c3∶p＜0.001。
从表4结果可见，大鼠连续灌胃给予氧嗪酸钾1g/kg+尿酸0.3g/kg混悬液+腹腔注射0.1g/kg尿酸(溶于0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠)15天，造模大鼠血清尿酸含量比造模前差异非常显著(p＜0.001)，本实验给予外源性尿酸同时抑制尿酸分解的大鼠尿酸血症模型是成功的。
在给予试验药品后3小时，各试验药品组尿酸值较模型组均有所下降，显示各试验药品组均有一定的降尿酸作用。通过各剂量组对比发现，本发明的化合物显示出较好的量效关系，剂量越高，降尿酸效果越佳；另外，同等剂量下本发明化合物降尿酸的效果明显优于阳性药物(p＜0.001)。
以上的实施例仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变型和改进，均应落入本发明的权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物其立体异构体和可药用的盐，其特征在于，所述噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物的结构如通式(I)所示：
    Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-100001
    所述通式(I)中：
    X选自氧或氮；Y、Z均为碳；
    R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4各自独立地选自氢原子、卤素、氧代，以及取代或未取代的氨基、烷基氨基、醛基、烷基、氨基烷基、羟基烷基、羟基、烷氧基、烷基羰基氧基、羧基、烷基羰基或烷基氧基羰基；条件是R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4不全部为氢原子；
    或者，所述R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4中的一个或多个基团任选可以与X、Y和Z中的一个或多个原子一起组成饱和五元环状结构、饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构；条件是不包括R 3或R 4与X、Y和Z组成饱和六元环状结构的情形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4基团中的一个或多个氢原子各自独立地被卤素、羟基、烷基氧基、烷基羰基氧基、醛基、羧基、烷基羰基、烷基氧基羰基、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基、氨基、烷基氨基、烷基、羟基烷基、羧基烷基、氨基烷基或烷基氨基烷基所取代。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述R 1、R 2、R 3和R 4各自独立地选自如下基团：氢原子、卤素、羟基、氧代、醛基、羧基、氨基、烷基、卤代烷基、氨基烷基、氨基烷基氨基、烷基氧基、烷基氧基烷基、烷基氧基烷基氧基、烷基羰基、烷基羰基氧基、烷基氧基羰基、烷基氨基、烷基氨基烷基、羟基烷基氨基、羟基烷基氨基烷基、烷基氨基烷基氧基羰基、羟基烷基、羟基烷基氧基、羧基烷基或氨基烷基。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述烷基为C 1～C 4的烷基。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述Y和Z与R 1或R 3，以及R 2或R 4一起组成饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述X、Y和Z与R 2或R 4一起组成饱和 五元环状结构或其衍生结构。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，所述饱和六元环状结构或其衍生结构为吡喃糖环或其衍生结构；所述饱和五元环状结构或其衍生结构为吡咯环或其衍生结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物，其特征在于，通式(I)所示化合物选自如下结构中的一种或多种：
    Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-100003
  9. 权利要求1～8任意一项所述噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物的制备方法，其特征在于，以2-[3-氰基-4-异丁氧基苯基]-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸为原料，采用含有
    Figure PCTCN2019072273-appb-100004
    基团的化合物对羧羟基进行取代反应，即得；
    其中，所述X、Y、Z、R 1、R 2、R 3、R 4所指代的具体基团相应如权利要求1～8任意一项所述。
  10. 一种预防或治疗高尿酸血症和/或痛风的方法，其特征是，使用权利要求1～8任意一项所述噻唑-5-甲酸衍生物、其立体异构体和/或其可药用的盐。
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