WO2019142626A1 - テトラフルオロメタンの製造方法 - Google Patents
テトラフルオロメタンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019142626A1 WO2019142626A1 PCT/JP2018/047653 JP2018047653W WO2019142626A1 WO 2019142626 A1 WO2019142626 A1 WO 2019142626A1 JP 2018047653 W JP2018047653 W JP 2018047653W WO 2019142626 A1 WO2019142626 A1 WO 2019142626A1
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- reaction
- fluorine gas
- gas
- tetrafluoromethane
- fluorinated hydrocarbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/361—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving a decrease in the number of carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/361—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving a decrease in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C17/367—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving a decrease in the number of carbon atoms by depolymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C19/00—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
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- the present invention relates to a process for the production of tetrafluoromethane.
- a method of reacting fluorine gas with solid carbon As a production method of tetrafluoromethane, a method of reacting fluorine gas with solid carbon, a method of reacting fluorine gas with gaseous hydrocarbon, and a mixture of a carbon material with a metal, metal fluoride or molten alumina and fluorine Methods of reacting with gas (see Patent Documents 1 and 2), and the like are known.
- the method of reacting fluorine gas with solid carbon is a combustion reaction accompanied by a flame, and a very large reaction heat is generated, so the material itself of the fluorine gas injection port or the reaction vessel reacts with the fluorine gas to cause erosion. There was a risk of If the reaction is performed so as not to generate a flame, the reaction heat may be insufficient and the yield of tetrafluoromethane may be low.
- the method of reacting fluorine gas with gaseous hydrocarbon is also a combustion reaction involving a flame, and a very large reaction heat is generated, so the material itself of the fluorine gas injection port or the reaction vessel reacts with the fluorine gas And there was a risk of erosion.
- a means is taken to dilute the fluorine gas with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas to reduce the heat of reaction, but separate and refine the obtained tetrafluoroethane and the inert gas. Since the process is required, there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is increased.
- a method of mixing a metal, metal fluoride, or molten alumina with a carbon material and then reacting it with fluorine gas is a method of moderating the reaction between the carbon material and the fluorine gas so as to break the carbon-carbon bond. It was not suitable for the synthesis of tetrafluoromethane because it was not suitable reaction conditions.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing tetrafluoromethane which is less likely to damage a reactor and can stably produce tetrafluoromethane safely and inexpensively.
- one aspect of the present invention is as follows [1] to [3].
- a fluorine gas into the raw material liquid represented by the following integer, and containing a fluorinated hydrocarbon having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, and introducing a reaction inducer in a gaseous state
- the reaction inducer induces a reaction of forming tetrafluoromethane from the fluorinated hydrocarbon and the fluorine gas by reacting with the fluorine gas, and a hydrocarbon which is a gas at normal temperature and pressure.
- a method for producing tetrafluoromethane which is at least one selected from hydrogen gas.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon is at least one fluorine-containing substance selected from perfluorocarbons, fluorohydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers, and perfluoropolyethers [3] The manufacturing method of the tetrafluoromethane as described in 1] or [2].
- the reactor is not easily damaged, and tetrafluoromethane can be produced safely and inexpensively and stably.
- the present embodiment shows an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
- various changes or improvements can be added to this embodiment, and a form added with such changes or improvements can be included in the present invention.
- the reaction heat is removed from the reaction site as a path through the gas in the atmosphere heated by the reaction heat
- a path through which heat is discharged to the outside There is a path through which heat is discharged to the outside, and a path through which heat is discharged to the outside through a reaction apparatus (for example, a fluorine gas blowing port or a reaction vessel) heated by the reaction heat.
- a reaction apparatus for example, a fluorine gas blowing port or a reaction vessel
- the reaction site temperature is lowered by carrying out a reaction of producing tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas in the liquid phase, and further, from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas, tetra
- a reaction inducer to induce a reaction to form fluoromethane
- occurrence of carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction of fluorinated hydrocarbon occurs only in a low temperature liquid phase, which does not occur unless the temperature is very high. I found that I could do it.
- the mechanism can be considered as follows. When fluorine gas and a gaseous reaction inducer are blown into the liquid fluorinated hydrocarbon from the blowout port, bubbles containing the fluorine gas and the reaction inducer are formed in the periphery of the fluorine gas blowout port. A reaction between the fluorine gas and the reaction initiator occurs in the bubble, and the reaction heat of the reaction raises the temperature of the bubble. Reaction inducers are used only at the beginning of the reaction to raise the temperature of the bubbles.
- the method for producing tetrafluoromethane according to the present embodiment is a fluorinated hydrocarbon represented by the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s and having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond (herein, simply referred to as “fluorinated hydrocarbon”.
- fluorinated hydrocarbon represented by the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s and having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond
- Introducing a fluorine gas into a raw material liquid containing “hydrocarbon” also referred to as “hydrocarbon”
- This reaction inducer induces a reaction to generate tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas by reacting with fluorine gas, and from hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas which are gases at normal temperature and pressure. It is at least one type selected.
- p in the chemical formula is an integer of 3 to 18, q is an integer of 0 to 3, r is an integer of 0 to 9, and s is an integer of 5 to 30.
- a reactor using an expensive material (for example, nickel alloy, Hastelloy (registered trademark), Monel (registered trademark)) having corrosion resistance to fluorine gas, and reaction is performed with a general steel such as stainless steel.
- the reactor is inexpensive because the device can be manufactured.
- the obtained tetrafluoromethane is useful, for example, as an etchant for a substrate and a cleaning agent for a chamber in a semiconductor manufacturing process.
- Fluorinated Hydrocarbon is a saturated hydrocarbon represented by a chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s and having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon may be any of linear hydrocarbons, branched hydrocarbons and cyclic hydrocarbons, and may be a compound containing no hydrogen atom or chlorine atom.
- fluorinated hydrocarbon examples include at least one fluorine-containing substance selected from perfluorocarbons, fluorohydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorohydrocarbons, chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers, and perfluoropolyethers.
- chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers include Diflon oil (registered trademark), and specific examples of perfluoropolyethers include fomblin oil (registered trademark).
- Diflon oil is polychlorotrifluoroethylene having a molecular weight of about 1000 or less and having fluidity (pouring point: 5 to 15 ° C.) at normal temperature.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon may be any of gas, liquid and solid at normal temperature and pressure, but is preferably liquid. In the present invention, normal temperature means 25 ° C., and normal pressure means 101.325 kPa (1 atm).
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon When the fluorinated hydrocarbon is a liquid, the fluorinated hydrocarbon may be used as the raw material liquid, or it may be mixed with a solvent to use a mixture of the fluorinated hydrocarbon and the solvent as the raw material liquid.
- the fluorinated hydrocarbon is a gas or a solid, it is necessary to use a solvent for the reaction, and it is necessary to mix the fluorinated hydrocarbon with this solvent to prepare a raw material liquid.
- the solid fluorinated hydrocarbon may be dissolved in the raw material liquid, or may be dispersed in the form of powder. Alternatively, bulk fluorinated hydrocarbons may be disposed in the feed liquid.
- the gaseous fluorinated hydrocarbon may be dissolved in the raw material liquid or may be dispersed in the form of foam. That is, in the method for producing tetrafluoromethane according to the present embodiment, the synthesis reaction of tetrafluoromethane may be performed without a solvent or may be performed in a solvent.
- the above-mentioned fluorinated hydrocarbon is an organic compound which hardly reacts with fluorine gas even when 100% by volume of fluorine gas is blown at 40 ° C. and 101.325 kPa.
- the reaction equation between fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas is described as follows.
- q and r in the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s have small values in order to effectively utilize the supplied fluorine gas for the formation of tetrafluoromethane. .
- p is an integer of 3 or more and 18 or less, preferably an integer of 3 or more and 10 or less, more preferably an integer of 3 or more and 5 or less, and the smaller one is necessary to obtain 1 mole of tetrafluoromethane. It is economical because the amount of fluorine gas can be small.
- q in the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s is 3 or less, the hydrogen atom reacts with fluorine gas to reduce the ratio of by-production of hydrogen fluoride, thereby obtaining 1 mole of tetrafluoromethane. It is economical because only a small amount of fluorine gas is required.
- q is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, preferably an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, more preferably 0 or 1.
- r in the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s is 0 or more and 9 or less, the fluorinated hydrocarbon often does not become solid at normal temperature and pressure (in many cases, it becomes gas or liquid), solid There is no need to heat in order to make it a liquid, which is economical.
- the reaction rate of chlorine atoms and fluorine gas reduces the rate of by-production of fluorine chloride, the amount of fluorine gas required to obtain one mole of tetrafluoromethane can be reduced, which is economical.
- r is an integer of 0 to 9, but is preferably an integer of 0 to 4. More preferably, the fluorinated hydrocarbon is a perfluorocarbon in which q and r are both 0.
- reaction inducer is a compound that easily reacts with fluorine gas. Then, the reaction inducer induces a reaction of forming tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas by reacting with fluorine gas, and hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas which are gases at normal temperature and pressure. Or at least one selected from although the reaction inducer is introduced into the raw material liquid in a gaseous state, it may be dissolved in the raw material liquid or may be dispersed in a foamy state.
- reaction inducer examples include saturated hydrocarbons having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which are gases such as methane, ethane and ethylene at normal temperature and pressure, and hydrogen gas.
- gases such as methane, ethane and ethylene at normal temperature and pressure
- hydrogen gas is more preferable because the use of hydrocarbon increases the rate at which fluorine gas reacts with the reaction inducer and reduces the economic efficiency.
- tetrafluoromethane may be produced
- the introduction amount of the reaction inducer is not particularly limited as long as it can induce a reaction to generate tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas, but 15 volumes of the introduction amount of fluorine gas It is preferable to set it as% or less.
- the reaction inducer is able to induce a reaction to form tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas
- the reaction between fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas is then carried out even if the introduction of reaction inducer is stopped. continue. Therefore, after inducing the reaction to generate tetrafluoromethane from fluorinated hydrocarbon and fluorine gas by the reaction inducing agent, the introduction of the reaction inducing agent to the raw material liquid may be stopped.
- the blowout port for introducing the gaseous reaction inducer into the raw material liquid be disposed in the vicinity of the blowout port for introducing fluorine gas into the raw material liquid.
- the aspect of the piping which introduces fluorine gas and the reaction inducer into the raw material liquid in the reaction container is not particularly limited, for example, the pipe which introduces the gas into the raw material liquid is a double pipe, fluorine gas and reaction induction One of the agents may be introduced from the inner tube and the other from the outer tube.
- a pipe for introducing a fluorine gas into the raw material liquid and a pipe for introducing a reaction inducing agent into the raw material liquid may be installed in the reaction vessel, and both injection ports of these pipes may be adjacent to each other.
- the reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a metal reaction vessel 11 in which a reaction for producing tetrafluoromethane is performed, and a fluorinated carbon represented by the chemical formula C p H q Cl r F s and having no carbon-carbon unsaturated bond.
- Piping for reaction inducing agent having at the tip thereof a blowing port 27a for introducing in gaseous form at least one reaction inducing agent selected from hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas which are gases at normal temperature and pressure into the raw material liquid 1 in the reaction vessel 11 27 and an exhaust pipe 25 for discharging the gas phase part in the reaction vessel 11 to the outside.
- hydrocarbon and hydrogen gas which are gases at normal temperature and pressure into the raw material liquid 1 in the reaction vessel 11 27
- an exhaust pipe 25 for discharging the gas phase part in the reaction vessel 11 to the outside.
- lifted for example.
- the reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a circulation facility for extracting a part of the raw material liquid 1 in the reaction vessel 11 during reaction to the outside of the reaction vessel 11 and returning it into the reaction vessel 11. More specifically, both ends of the annular circulation pipe 28 are connected to the reaction vessel 11, and the raw material liquid 1 is fed by the liquid circulation pump 15 installed on the circulation pipe 28 and removed from the reaction vessel 11. The raw material liquid 1 can be returned to the inside of the reaction vessel 11 via the circulation pipe 28.
- a heat exchanger 19 is installed in the middle of the circulation pipe 28 and on the downstream side of the liquid circulation pump 15 so that the extracted raw material liquid 1 can be cooled.
- the raw material liquid 1 cooled by the heat exchanger 19 is returned into the reaction vessel 11. That is, the reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can perform a reaction while performing an operation of extracting and cooling a part of the raw material liquid 1 in the reaction vessel 11 and returning the cooled raw material liquid 1 to the reaction vessel 11 It has become.
- the product gas containing tetrafluoromethane generated by the reaction can be taken out of the reaction vessel 11 through the exhaust pipe 25.
- a heat exchanger 17 is installed downstream of the exhaust pipe 25 so that the generated gas discharged from the reaction container 11 can be cooled. Even if the raw material fluorinated hydrocarbon is vaporized and contained in the product gas by cooling the product gas with the heat exchanger 17, the fluorinated hydrocarbon is liquefied and returned to the reaction vessel 11. It can be done. Therefore, it can prevent that an unreacted fluorinated hydrocarbon leaves the reaction container 11 outside, and is lost.
- the shape of the blowing port 23a of the fluorine gas pipe 23 is not particularly limited, but the circular through hole formed in the fluorine gas pipe 23 can be used as the blowing port 23a, and the diameter of the through hole For example, it can be 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less.
- the number of the blowing ports 23a provided in the fluorine gas pipe 23 may be one or plural.
- a temperature measurement device such as a thermocouple may be attached near the blowout port 23a to measure the temperature near the blowout port 23a. The same applies to the blowing port 27 a of the reaction inducing agent pipe 27.
- the above-mentioned high temperature reaction area is formed in the vicinity of the fluorine gas blowing port 23a, and this high temperature reaction area is a member of the reaction apparatus, for example, a tank wall of the reaction vessel 11, a thermocouple, a stirring blade, a baffle plate, etc. It is preferable to avoid contact. Since the temperature of the portion where the high temperature reaction region contacts is high, corrosion of the reactor components may proceed.
- the temperature and pressure are converted to 0 ° C, 0 MPaG, and the blow linear velocity of fluorine gas is LV (m / s), the length of the high temperature reaction zone to be generated (fluorine gas
- ln in the formula is a natural logarithm
- a is a constant, and a value of 1.2 or more and 1.4 or less can be used as a. Since the length of the high temperature reaction zone assumed can be calculated from this equation, the high temperature reaction zone can be designed so as not to contact the members of the reactor.
- the direction in which the long axis of the high temperature reaction zone (axis along the ejection direction of the fluorine gas) is directed is not particularly limited, but 0 ° vertically downward so that the high temperature reaction zone is maintained as stably as possible. Assuming that the upper side in the vertical direction is 180 °, it is preferable to eject the fluorine gas from the blowing port 23a at an angle of 90 ° (horizontal direction) to 180 °.
- the reaction apparatus is provided with a temperature measuring device (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the raw material liquid 1 and a circulation facility having the heat exchanger 19. Therefore, the reaction is performed while controlling the temperature of the raw material liquid 1 by cooling the raw material liquid 1 It can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress abnormal temperature rise of the reaction site and damage to the reactor.
- the temperature of the raw material liquid 1 can be, for example, 0 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- the reaction pressure can be, for example, 0.01 MPaA (absolute pressure) or more and 1.0 MPaA (absolute pressure) or less, and preferably normal pressure or more and 0.9 MPaG or less.
- the reactor may be equipped with a device for measuring the liquid level of the raw material liquid 1.
- a device for measuring the liquid level of the raw material liquid 1 For example, an apparatus for measuring the liquid level from the pressure difference between the liquid phase and the gas phase in the reaction vessel 11 or an apparatus for measuring the liquid level by float can be used.
- the liquid level of the raw material liquid 1 decreases with the progress of the synthesis reaction of tetrafluoromethane, if the liquid level can be measured, the supply of the raw material liquid 1 into the reaction vessel 11 is continuously or intermittently performed. As it can be performed while monitoring the liquid level, continuous synthesis of tetrafluoromethane is possible.
- the concentration of fluorine gas used in the reaction is not particularly limited, and may be 100% fluorine gas, but may be fluorine gas diluted with an inert gas such as nitrogen gas or argon.
- Example 1 The tetrafluoromethane was synthesized using a reactor substantially similar to the reactor of FIG. 1 except that the heat exchanger 19, the circulation pipe 28 and the liquid circulation pump 15 were not provided.
- a 1 L capacity reaction container made of SUS 600 mL (1030 g) of perfluoro-n-octane having a boiling point of 103 ° C. at normal pressure was placed as a raw material liquid.
- Fluorine gas was introduced into the raw material solution from a 1 mm-diameter injection port provided at the end of the fluorine gas pipe. Simultaneously with the introduction of the fluorine gas, hydrogen gas was introduced into the raw material liquid from a 1 mm-diameter injection port provided at one end of the reaction inducing agent pipe.
- the blowout port of the reaction inducing agent pipe is disposed in the vicinity of the blowout port of the fluorine gas pipe (at a position at a distance of 2 mm).
- the flow rate of the fluorine gas was 400 mL / min at a temperature and pressure converted as 0 ° C. and 0 MPaG, and the injection linear velocity was 2.1 m / s.
- the blowing flow rate of hydrogen gas was 20 mL / min at a temperature and pressure converted into values of 0 ° C. and 0 MPaG, and the blowing linear velocity was 0.1 m / s.
- the amount of hydrogen gas introduced at this time is 5% by volume with respect to the amount of fluorine gas introduced.
- the value of a in the formula (1) is 1.27, it can be expected that a high-temperature reaction area of 1.8 mm in length will be formed in each of the blow ports, so a high-temperature reaction area is formed. In the range, no reactor components other than one thermocouple were placed.
- the produced gas was collected and analyzed. As a result, 95% by volume of the produced gas was tetrafluoromethane and 5% by volume was hexafluoroethane. Since 95 mole% of the reacted perfluoro-n-octane was converted to tetrafluoromethane, the yield of tetrafluoromethane was 95%. Unreacted fluorine gas was not detected from the product gas. After completion of the reaction, the blowout port of the fluorine gas pipe was confirmed. As a result, no corrosion or the like occurred at all, and the same shape as the shape before the reaction was maintained. In addition, no corrosion or the like occurred in the thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the raw material liquid or the inlet of the fluorine gas and the reaction container.
- Comparative Example 1 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction inducer (hydrogen gas) was not introduced.
- the introduction of fluorine gas was continued for 5 hours, but there was no change in the temperature of the fluorine gas injection port, and the entire amount of introduced fluorine gas was discharged from the exhaust pipe for discharging the gas phase portion in the reaction vessel to the outside It was discharged unreacted. Then, tetrafluoromethane was not detected in the discharged fluorine gas, and the yield of tetrafluoromethane was 0%.
- Example 2 The tetrafluoromethane was synthesized using a reactor substantially similar to the reactor of FIG. 1 except that the heat exchanger 19, the circulation pipe 28 and the liquid circulation pump 15 were not provided.
- a 1 L volume reaction container made of SUS 600 mL (1000 g) of a chlorofluorobutane mixture having the following composition was placed as a raw material liquid.
- the chlorofluorobutane mixture is a mixture of 20% by mass of trichloroheptafluorobutane, 5% by mass of dichlorooctafluorobutane, 70% by mass of pentachloropentafluorobutane, and 5% by mass of tetrachloropentafluorobutane.
- the chlorofluorobutane mixture is a by-product generated when tetrachlorohexafluorobutane is synthesized by the reaction of tetrachlorobutane with fluorine gas.
- Fluorine gas was introduced into the raw material solution from a 1 mm-diameter injection port provided at the end of the fluorine gas pipe. Simultaneously with the introduction of the fluorine gas, hydrogen gas was introduced into the raw material liquid from a 1 mm-diameter injection port provided at one end of the reaction inducing agent pipe.
- the blowout port of the reaction inducing agent pipe is disposed in the vicinity of the blowout port of the fluorine gas pipe (at a position at a distance of 2 mm).
- the flow rate of the fluorine gas was set to 600 mL / min at a temperature and pressure converted as 0 ° C. and 0 MPaG, and the injection linear velocity was 3.2 m / s.
- the flow rate of hydrogen gas injected was 60 mL / min at a temperature and pressure converted as 0 ° C. and 0 MPaG, and the injection linear velocity was 0.32 m / s.
- the amount of hydrogen gas introduced at this time is 10% by volume with respect to the amount of fluorine gas introduced.
- the produced gas was collected and analyzed. It was found that 80% by volume of the produced gas was tetrafluoromethane and 20% by volume was chlorotrifluoromethane. Unreacted fluorine gas was not detected from the product gas, but chlorine fluoride and hydrogen fluoride were detected. After completion of the reaction, the blowout port of the fluorine gas pipe was confirmed. As a result, no corrosion or the like occurred at all, and the same shape as the shape before the reaction was maintained. In addition, no corrosion or the like occurred in the thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the raw material liquid or the inlet of the fluorine gas and the reaction container.
- Comparative Example 2 The reaction was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the reaction inducer (hydrogen gas) was not introduced.
- the introduction of fluorine gas was continued for 5 hours, but there was no change in the temperature of the fluorine gas injection port, and the entire amount of introduced fluorine gas was discharged from the exhaust pipe for discharging the gas phase portion in the reaction vessel to the outside It was discharged unreacted. Then, tetrafluoromethane was not detected in the discharged fluorine gas, and the yield of tetrafluoromethane was 0%.
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Abstract
Description
固体の炭素にフッ素ガスを反応させる方法は、火炎を伴う燃焼反応であり、非常に大きな反応熱が発生するため、フッ素ガスの吹込み口や反応容器の材質自体がフッ素ガスと反応して浸食されるおそれがあった。火炎が発生しないように反応させると、反応熱が不十分となりテトラフルオロメタンの収率が低くなる場合があった。
炭素材料に金属、金属フッ化物、又は溶融アルミナを混合した上でフッ素ガスと反応させる方法は、炭素材料とフッ素ガスとの反応を穏やかにする方法であり、炭素-炭素間結合を切断するような反応条件ではないため、テトラフルオロメタンの合成には適していなかった。
本発明は、反応装置が損傷しにくく、テトラフルオロメタンを安全且つ安価に安定して製造することができるテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
[1] 化学式CpHqClrFs(前記化学式中のpは3以上18以下の整数、qは0以上3以下の整数、rは0以上9以下の整数、sは5以上30以下の整数である)で表され且つ炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有しないフッ素化炭化水素を含有する原料液に、フッ素ガスを導入するとともに、反応誘発剤を気体状で導入することを含み、
前記反応誘発剤は、前記フッ素ガスと反応することにより、前記フッ素化炭化水素と前記フッ素ガスからテトラフルオロメタンを生成する反応を誘発するものであり、且つ常温常圧で気体である炭化水素及び水素ガスから選ばれる少なくとも一種であるテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法。
[3] 前記フッ素化炭化水素が、パーフルオロカーボン、フルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロフルオロカーボン、クロロフルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン重合物、及びパーフルオロポリエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のフッ素含有物質である[1]又は[2]に記載のテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法。
得られたテトラフルオロメタンは、例えば、半導体製造工程において基板のエッチング剤、チャンバーのクリーニング剤として有用である。
(1)フッ素化炭化水素
フッ素化炭化水素は、化学式CpHqClrFsで表され且つ炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有しない飽和炭化水素である。このフッ素化炭化水素は、直鎖状炭化水素、分岐鎖状炭化水素、環状炭化水素のいずれでもよく、また水素原子や塩素原子を含まない化合物でもよい。フッ素化炭化水素の例としては、パーフルオロカーボン、フルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロフルオロカーボン、クロロフルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン重合物、及びパーフルオロポリエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のフッ素含有物質があげられる。
フッ素化炭化水素は、常温常圧で気体、液体、固体のいずれであってもよいが、液体であることが好ましい。なお、本発明においては、常温とは25℃を意味し、常圧とは101.325kPa(1気圧)を意味する。
CpHqClrFs+(4p+q+r-s)/2F2 → pCF4+rClF+qHF
この反応式から考えて、供給するフッ素ガスをテトラフルオロメタンの生成に有効に活用するためには、化学式CpHqClrFs中のq及びrが小さな値であることが好ましいと言える。
反応誘発剤は、フッ素ガスと反応しやすい化合物である。そして、反応誘発剤は、フッ素ガスと反応することにより、フッ素化炭化水素とフッ素ガスからテトラフルオロメタンを生成する反応を誘発するものであり、且つ常温常圧で気体である炭化水素及び水素ガスから選ばれる少なくとも一種である。なお、反応誘発剤は、気体状で原料液に導入されるが、原料液に溶解するものでもよいし、泡状で分散するものでもよい。
本実施形態に係るテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法を実施してテトラフルオロメタンを製造する反応装置の一例について、図1を参照しながら説明する。
図1の反応装置は、テトラフルオロメタンを生成する反応が行われる金属製の反応容器11と、化学式CpHqClrFsで表され且つ炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有しないフッ素化炭化水素を含有する原料液1を反応容器11に導入する原料液仕込み用配管21と、反応容器11内の原料液1にフッ素ガスを導入する吹込み口23aを先端に有するフッ素ガス用配管23と、反応容器11内の原料液1に常温常圧で気体である炭化水素及び水素ガスから選ばれる少なくとも一種の反応誘発剤を気体状で導入する吹込み口27aを先端に有する反応誘発剤用配管27と、反応容器11内の気相部分を外部に排出する排気用配管25と、を備えている。なお、反応容器11を形成する金属としては、例えばステンレス鋼があげられる。
テトラフルオロメタンの合成反応の進行に伴い原料液1の液面レベルが低下するが、液面レベルを測定することができれば、原料液1の反応容器11内への供給を連続的又は断続的に液面レベルを監視しながら行うことができるので、テトラフルオロメタンの連続した合成が可能となる。
また、吹き込んだフッ素ガスと原料液1を均一に反応させるために、原料液1を撹拌するための撹拌翼を備える攪拌機を反応容器11に設置してもよい。
〔実施例1〕
熱交換器19と循環用配管28と液循環ポンプ15を備えていない点以外は図1の反応装置とほぼ同様の反応装置を用いて、テトラフルオロメタンの合成を行った。容量1LのSUS製の反応容器に、原料液として常圧での沸点が103℃のパーフルオロ-n-オクタン600mL(1030g)を入れた。
また、前記式(1)のaの値を1.27とした場合、各吹込み口には、長さ1.8mmの高温反応領域が形成されると予想できるので、高温反応領域が形成される範囲には1個の熱電対以外の反応装置の部材が配置されないようにした。
反応終了後に、フッ素ガス用配管の吹込み口を確認したところ、腐食等は全く発生しておらず、反応前の形状と同じ形状を保っていた。また、原料液やフッ素ガスの吹込み口の温度を測定する熱電対と、反応容器にも、腐食等は発生していなかった。
反応誘発剤(水素ガス)の導入を行わない点を除いては、実施例1と同様にして反応を行った。フッ素ガスの導入を5時間続けたが、フッ素ガスの吹込み口の温度には変化は生じず、導入したフッ素ガスの全量が、反応容器内の気相部分を外部に排出する排気用配管から未反応で排出された。そして、排出されたフッ素ガス中にテトラフルオロメタンは検出されず、テトラフルオロメタンの収率は0%であった。
熱交換器19と循環用配管28と液循環ポンプ15を備えていない点以外は図1の反応装置とほぼ同様の反応装置を用いて、テトラフルオロメタンの合成を行った。容量1LのSUS製の反応容器に、原料液として下記の組成のクロロフルオロブタン混合物600mL(1000g)を入れた。すなわち、クロロフルオロブタン混合物は、トリクロロへプタフルオロブタン20質量%と、ジクロロオクタフルオロブタン5質量%と、ペンタクロロペンタフルオロブタン70質量%と、テトラクロロペンタフルオロブタン5質量%との混合物である。なお、このクロロフルオロブタン混合物は、テトラクロロブタンとフッ素ガスとの反応でテトラクロロヘキサフルオロブタンを合成するときに生成する副生物である。
反応終了後に、フッ素ガス用配管の吹込み口を確認したところ、腐食等は全く発生しておらず、反応前の形状と同じ形状を保っていた。また、原料液やフッ素ガスの吹込み口の温度を測定する熱電対と、反応容器にも、腐食等は発生していなかった。
反応誘発剤(水素ガス)の導入を行わない点を除いては、実施例2と同様にして反応を行った。フッ素ガスの導入を5時間続けたが、フッ素ガスの吹込み口の温度には変化は生じず、導入したフッ素ガスの全量が、反応容器内の気相部分を外部に排出する排気用配管から未反応で排出された。そして、排出されたフッ素ガス中にテトラフルオロメタンは検出されず、テトラフルオロメタンの収率は0%であった。
11 反応容器
23 フッ素ガス用配管
23a 吹込み口
27 反応誘発剤用配管
27a 吹込み口
Claims (3)
- 化学式CpHqClrFs(前記化学式中のpは3以上18以下の整数、qは0以上3以下の整数、rは0以上9以下の整数、sは5以上30以下の整数である)で表され且つ炭素-炭素不飽和結合を有しないフッ素化炭化水素を含有する原料液に、フッ素ガスを導入するとともに、反応誘発剤を気体状で導入することを含み、
前記反応誘発剤は、前記フッ素ガスと反応することにより、前記フッ素化炭化水素と前記フッ素ガスからテトラフルオロメタンを生成する反応を誘発するものであり、且つ常温常圧で気体である炭化水素及び水素ガスから選ばれる少なくとも一種であるテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法。 - 前記反応誘発剤が水素ガスである請求項1に記載のテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法。
- 前記フッ素化炭化水素が、パーフルオロカーボン、フルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロフルオロカーボン、クロロフルオロハイドロカーボン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン重合物、及びパーフルオロポリエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種のフッ素含有物質である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のテトラフルオロメタンの製造方法。
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