WO2019128015A1

WO2019128015A1 - In-situ micro-observation apparatus and method for engineering rock mass microcosmic

Info

Publication number: WO2019128015A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/085299
Authority: WO
Inventors: 陆银龙; 王凯; 王连国; 孟星宇
Original assignee: 中国矿业大学
Priority date: 2017-12-29
Filing date: 2018-05-02
Publication date: 2019-07-04
Also published as: CN108195759A; CN108195759B; AU2018338596A1; AU2018338596B2

Abstract

An in-situ micro-observation apparatus and method for a surrounding rock microcosmic fracture of an engineering rock mass. When the observation apparatus is operating, a microscopic probe (6) is driven by a rotary motor (1) circumferential rotation in a drilled hole (9); after each circle of rotation, a control box (5) controls a forwarding mechanism (4) to move forward along a guide rail (3), the microscopic probe (6) moves forward by a sight distance long with the forwarding mechanism (4) in an axial direction of the drilled hole (9), and the steps are repeated till observation of the whole drilled hole (9) is accomplished. The microscopic probe (6) is used for replacing a conventional observation probe, so that microcosmic fracture observation in roadway in-situ rock mass is realized, defects of laboratory observation are effectively avoided, and the real distribution condition of the surrounding rock microcosmic cracks is obtained. A multi-module combined control method is adopted, so that the microscopic probe (6) can be controlled to realize automatic rotation and propulsion, severe manual operation conditions caused by a narrow observation area of the microscopic probe are effectively solved, and manpower and operation complexity are effectively reduced.

Description

In-situ microscopic observation device and method for meso-fracture of engineering rock mass

Technical field

The invention relates to an engineering rock mass fissure observation device and method, in particular to an in-situ microscopic observation device and method for a microscopic fissure of an engineering rock mass, belonging to the field of engineering rock mass control.

Background technique

In underground engineering such as underground coal mining and tunnel construction, in-situ fissure observation is widely used as an important technical means. It can obtain the development of fractures of engineering rock mass, especially the development of meso-fractures of engineering rock mass. It provides a basis for obtaining initial damage of rock mass and meso-fracture evolution after loading, providing real and reliable technical support for surrounding rock stability control and disaster prevention, and has very strong techniques for grouting reinforcement and water blocking at the construction site. Important role.

However, in situ observation of surrounding rock fractures has the following problems:

1. The downhole in-situ fracture observation device mainly uses the traditional borehole peeping device, but the peeping probe used in the traditional borehole peeping device can only capture the distribution of macroscopic cracks larger than 1mm in size, and the size of 0.01mm cannot be observed. The distribution of meso-fractures, such as the observation device shown in Chinese patent CN106437680A, can realize the in-situ observation of cracks, but the device used can only capture the macroscopic cracks that can be observed by the naked eye, but can not capture smaller sizes. Mesoscopic fissures, so conventional in-situ observation devices are unable to obtain the distribution of meso-fractures in the surrounding rock.

2. The existing meso-fracture observations are mostly laboratory indoor observations, such as the device and technology shown in Chinese patent CN103163134A. The samples are taken back to the laboratory for observation, so that the microscopic fractures of the rock can be obtained. Distribution, but this method caused the re-destruction of the rock, and the true distribution of the in-situ fissures of the surrounding rock could not be obtained.

3. Obtaining meso-fractures requires the use of high-magnification microscopy probes, but microscopy probes have only a small viewing field due to their high magnification. However, the original crack observation device mostly uses a manual push probe for observation, which is obviously not applicable to the microscopic probe.

Therefore, we need a device and method that can be used for in-situ observation of the surrounding rock meso-fractures, which not only can obtain the meso-fractures of the surrounding rock, but also enable the device to operate automatically to achieve the effect of automatic observation.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies in the conventional technology, the present invention proposes an apparatus and method for in-situ observation of meso-fractures of surrounding rock, which is reasonable in design and convenient to use, and can accurately obtain meso-fractures in the in-situ rock mass, and can Realize automatic observation.

The technical solution adopted by the invention is: a device capable of performing in-situ observation of the surrounding cracks of the surrounding rock, comprising: a rotating electric machine, a turntable, a guide rail, a forward mechanism, a control box, a micro probe, a device casing, a computer; The outer casing has a transparent cylindrical structure, and the innermost end of the device casing is fixed with a rotating electric motor; the rotating plate is rotatably connected with the device casing, and the rotating electric machine is connected to the rotating carousel; one end of the guiding rail is fixed on the turntable, and the advancing mechanism, the control box and the display are mounted on the guide rail. The micro probes are all mounted on the advancement mechanism, and the micro probe and the advancement mechanism are connected to the control box by wires, and the control box is wirelessly connected with the computer; the lens center axis of the micro probe is perpendicular to the central axis of the equipment casing When the observation device is in operation, the microprobe rotates in the circumferential direction of the borehole driven by the rotary motor; after each rotation, the control box controls the advancement mechanism to advance along the guide rail, and the microprobe follows the advancement mechanism along the axial direction of the borehole. Advance one line of sight distance, and repeat the above steps until the entire borehole is observed.

The rotating electric machine rotates through the gear set control dial. The gear set includes a first gear mounted on the output shaft of the rotating electric machine and a second gear sleeved on the rotating disc. The first gear meshes with the second gear, and the rotating electric machine rotates with the rotating disc. transmission. The rotary motor adopts a stepping motor, which can precisely control the rotation angle to ensure that the microprobe can rotate one year along the equipment casing. The center of the turntable is equipped with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to the end surface of the device casing through the bearing housing.

One end of the rail is fixed to the turntable and the other end is close to the port of the device housing. The guide rail is provided with a track groove and a limit groove for providing a traveling track for the advancement mechanism, and the limit groove is used for limiting and guiding the advancement mechanism.

The advancing mechanism includes a forward motor and a forward gear set; the forward gear set includes a gear of the forward motor output end, a connecting rod gear, a connecting rod and two forward gears; the connecting rod gear is connected to the two forward gears through the connecting rod, The connecting rod gear meshes with the output gear of the motor. The forward motor uses a stepper motor to precisely control the forward distance and ensure that the microprobe advances a line of sight along the guide rail.

The control box is composed of a main control module, a rotation module, a forward module, a focusing module, an image processing module, a power module, and a wireless transmission module, wherein: the main control module receives the commands issued by the computer and performs each module Control; Rotate the module, control the rotating motor to rotate, set the required rotation angle through the computer to complete the rotation of the microprobe; advance module controls the advancement mechanism to advance, set the required advance distance through the computer, complete the advancement of the microprobe The focusing module accurately controls the focusing of the microprobe to obtain good observation results; the image processing module processes the image information collected by the microprobe for transmission; the power module, with the battery, for the entire control The box and the microscopic probe provide power; the wireless transmission module is used for wireless connection of each module and the computer and information transmission, so that the computer wirelessly operates the control box and transmits the image information collected by the microscopic probe to the computer.

The microscopic probe is mounted on one side of the control box, the lens of which is close to the inner wall of the equipment casing, and the path of one rotation is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the equipment casing. The microprobe uses a focusable microscopy probe that requires a sufficiently large magnification and pixels. The microscope with model Dino-Lite AM4113T has 8 LED lights with a working distance of 9mm and a field of view of 10mm*8mm. .

The equipment casing is made of high-hardness tempered glass, which not only ensures the safe observation of the microscopic probe, but also ensures the observation effect required by the microscopic probe. The diameter of the equipment casing is slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the length is greater than the depth of the borehole, ensuring that the axis of the equipment casing substantially coincides with the axis of the borehole.

The computer realizes remote operation of each module in the control box through the main control module, and transmits the image information collected by the microscopic probe to the computer for storage through the wireless transmission module for later analysis.

The invention simultaneously proposes a method, and the specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: Drill holes in the target surrounding rock observation area, observe the hole forming effect after forming the holes, check whether there are any holes or holes, and if necessary, drill holes in time;

Step 2: After the rotating motor, the turntable and the guide rail are fixed, the forward mechanism and the control box are mounted on the guide rail, and the microscopic probe is connected with the control box, and finally the lens center axis of the microprobe mounted on the guide rail is ensured. The central axis of the equipment casing 7 is perpendicularly intersected, and after the inspection is correct, the equipment is placed in the borehole.

Step 3: Remotely operate the control box through the computer. Firstly, after controlling the power module to turn on the power, adjust the focal length of the microprobe by controlling the focusing module, and start observing after achieving the best observation effect; by controlling the rotating module, rotating the motor After starting, the rotating disc rotates, so that the micro-probe rotates at a constant speed with the guide rail according to the set rotation angle; then the forward module is controlled, and the advancement mechanism is activated to make the micro-probe follow the control box along the guide rail according to the design advancement distance by one line of sight. Distance, complete an observation cycle, and then cycle.

Step 4: During the observation period, the image information captured by the microscopic probe is processed by the image processing module and transmitted to the computer hard disk for storage through the wireless transmission module, so as to perform further analysis later.

The advantages and benefits of the present invention are:

1. The present invention realizes meso-fracture observation in the in-situ rock mass of the roadway by using the micro-probe with high magnification effect instead of the traditional observation probe, effectively avoiding the defects of the laboratory observation, and obtaining the surrounding rock. The actual distribution of meso-fractures has great guiding significance for the study of grouting support in roadway.

2. The invention realizes the automatic control of observation by adopting the method of multi-module joint control, can control the micro-probe to realize automatic rotation and advancement, and effectively solves the severe manual operation condition caused by the narrow observation area of the micro-probe, and is effective The savings in manpower and complexity of use.

DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the operation of the gear mechanism of the forward mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the operation of the control box of the present invention.

In the figure: 1, rotating motor; 2, turntable; 3, guide rail; 4, forward mechanism; 5, control box; 6, microscopic probe; 7, equipment shell; 8, computer; 9, drilling; 41, output shaft Gear; 42, connecting rod gear; 43, connecting rod; 44, forward gear; 51, main control module; 52, rotating module; 53, forward module; 54, focusing module; 55, image processing module; 56, power module ; 57, wireless transmission module.

Detailed ways

The invention is further described in conjunction with the drawings:

The technical solution adopted by the invention is: a device capable of performing in situ observation of the meso-fracture of the surrounding rock, comprising: a rotating electrical machine 1, a turntable 2, a guide rail 3, an advancing mechanism 4, a control box 5, a microscopic probe 6, The device casing 7, the computer 8; the device casing 7 is a transparent cylindrical structure, the innermost end of the device casing 7 is fixed to the rotary electric machine 1; the turntable 2 is rotatably connected with the device casing 7, the rotary electric machine 1 is connected to the turntable 2; On the turntable 2, an advancement mechanism 4 is mounted on the guide rail 3, and both the control box 5 and the microscopic probe 6 are mounted on the advancement mechanism 4, and the microprobe 6 and the advancement mechanism 4 are connected to the control box 5 by wires. The control box 5 is also connected to the computer 8 by wires; the lens center axis of the microprobe 6 is perpendicularly intersected with the central axis of the equipment casing 7; when the observation device is in operation, the rotary motor 1 drives the turntable 2 and the guide rail 3 to rotate together. The microprobe 6 is rotated circumferentially within the borehole 6 by the rotary electric machine 1; after each revolution, the control box 5 controls the advancement mechanism 4 to advance along the guide rail 3, and the microprobe 6 follows the advancement mechanism 4 along the axis of the borehole 9. Go forward one line of sight distance So the cycle repeats the above steps until the completion of the entire observation borehole 9.

The microprobe 6 can rely on the rotation of the turntable 2 as the guide rail 3 achieves a circumferential rotation in the borehole 9; the microprobe 6 relies on the advancement mechanism 4 to effect axial advancement on the guide rail 3 with the control box 5.

The rotary electric machine 1 rotates through a gear set control dial 2, the gear set includes a first gear mounted on an output shaft of the rotary electric machine 1 and a second gear sleeved on the turntable 2, the diameter of the first gear being smaller than the second gear The diameter of the rotary motor 1 is connected to the reduction gear of the turntable 2. After the rotating electric machine 1 is energized, the first gear connected to the output shaft rotates, thereby driving the second gear that meshes with the first gear to rotate, and the second gear rotates to rotate the turntable 2 connected thereto, thereby being fixed on the turntable. The guide rail 3 on the 2 rotates. The rotary electric machine 1 adopts a stepping motor, which can precisely control the rotation angle, ensures that the microprobe 6 can be rotated one year along the equipment casing 7, and the rotary electric machine 1 is controlled by the computer 8 through the rotation module 52 of the control box 5.

A rotating shaft is mounted at the center of the turntable 2, and the rotating shaft is connected to an end surface of the device casing 7 through a bearing housing.

The guide rail 3 has one end on the inner side fixed to the turntable 2. The guide rail 3 is mounted with an advancement mechanism 4 and a control box 5 to provide a track for the advancement of the microprobe 6. The guide rail 3 can be rotated by the turntable 2, and the micro-probe 6 is rotated with the guide rail 3 by the turntable 2. Through the advancement mechanism 4, the microprobe 6 can be advanced along the guide rail 3 with the control box 5.

The guide rail 3 is provided with a track groove and a limit groove for providing a traveling track for the advancement mechanism, and the limit groove is used for limiting and guiding the advancement mechanism.

The limiting slot is disposed on two sides of the advancing mechanism, and is open to one side of the advancing mechanism.

A lateral connecting plate is connected to both sides of the advancing mechanism, and a roller is mounted on the connecting plate, and the connecting plate and the roller extend into the limiting slot and move along the limiting slot.

The advancing mechanism 4 includes a forward motor and a forward gear set to which the control box 5 is fixed, so that the advancing mechanism 4 can be advanced along the guide rail 3, thereby implementing the microprobe 6 mounted on the control box 5 along the guide rail 3 forward. The forward motor is advanced by connecting a forward gear set including a gear 41 of the forward motor output, a connecting rod gear 42, a connecting rod 43, and two forward gears 44. After the forward motor is energized, the gear 41 connected to the output shaft is rotated to drive the connecting rod gear 42 meshed with the connecting rod gear 42 to be connected to the two forward gears 44 through the connecting rod 43. Therefore, the forward gear 44 is connected to the connecting rod. The gear 42 is rotated downward to complete the advancement. The forward motor adopts a stepping motor, which can precisely control the forward distance, ensure that the microprobe 6 advances along the guide rail 3 by a line of sight distance, and the advancing mechanism 4 is controlled by the computer 8 through the advancing module 53 of the control box 5. A toothed track is disposed in the track groove, and the tooth track is meshed with the forward gear 44.

The control box 5 is fixed to the advancement mechanism 4, on which the microscopic probe 6 is mounted, which can be advanced with the advancement mechanism 4 on the guide rail 3. The main control module 51, the rotation module 52, the forward module 53, the focus module 54, the image processing module 55, the power module 56, the wireless transmission module 57, wherein: the main control module 51, receives the instructions issued by the computer 8 And controlling each module; the rotation module 52 can control the rotary motor 1 to rotate, set the required rotation angle by the computer 8 to complete the rotation of the microprobe 6; the forward module 53 can control the advancement mechanism 4 to advance, through the computer 8 setting the required advance distance to complete the advancement of the microprobe 6; the focusing module 54 can accurately control the focusing of the microprobe 6 to obtain a good observation effect; the image processing module 55 collects the microprobe 6 The image information is processed for transmission; the power module 56, with a battery, supplies power to the entire control box 5 and the micro-probe 6; the wireless transmission module 57 is used for wireless connection and information transmission between the modules and the computer 8, The computer 8 can be caused to wirelessly operate the control box 5 and transmit the image information collected by the microscopic probe 6 to the computer 8.

The microprobe 6 is a focus-adjustable microscopy probe that requires a sufficiently large magnification and pixels. The microscope with model Dino-Lite AM4113T has 8 LED lights with a working distance of 9mm and a field of view of 10mm*8mm. The microprobe 6 is directly connected to the control box 5, and can be jointly controlled by multiple modules in the control box 5. The microscopic probe 6 is mounted on one side of the control box 5, the lens of which is close to the inner wall of the equipment casing 7, and the path of one rotation is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the equipment casing 7.

The computer 8 realizes remote operation of each module in the control box 5 through the main control module 51, and transmits the image information collected by the micro probe 6 to the computer 8 through the wireless transmission module 57 for storage for later analysis. .

The equipment casing 7 is a transparent casing, and the material is made of high-hardness tempered glass, which not only ensures the safe observation of the microprobe 6, but also ensures the observation effect required by the microprobe 6. The outer casing 7 has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole, ensuring that the outer casing 7 can be placed just in the borehole 9. The device housing 7 includes a cylindrical body and an end surface attached to one end of the body, and the end surface and the body are fixed by bolts. When assembling the device, first connect the rotating electric machine 1 and the turntable 2 to the end surface, then connect the guide rail 3 with the turntable 2, and then install the advancing mechanism 4, the control box 5, and the microscopic probe 6; after installation, the above device is taken from the main body One end of the device protrudes into the outer casing 7, and the end surface is fixed to the main body.

In order to improve the stability of the device, the turntable 2 is connected to the device housing 7 via a slewing bearing; or the movable end of the rail 3 is connected to the device housing 7 via a bearing.

Step 1: Drill holes in the target surrounding rock observation area, observe the hole forming effect after forming the holes, check whether there are any holes or holes, and if necessary, drill the holes in time.

Step 2: After the rotating electric machine 1, the turntable 2 and the guide rail 3 are fixed, the advancing mechanism 4 and the control box 5 are mounted on the guide rail 3, the microprobe 6 is connected with the control box 5, and finally, the guide rail 3 is mounted. The lens center axis of the microprobe 6 is perpendicularly intersected with the central axis of the equipment casing 7, and the device is placed in the borehole 9 after the inspection is correct.

Step 3: The control box 5 is remotely operated by the computer 8. First, after the power module 56 is turned on, the focal length adjustment of the microprobe 6 is performed by controlling the focusing module 54, and the observation is started after the optimal observation effect is achieved. By controlling the rotation module 52, after the rotary electric machine 1 is started, the rotary disk 2 is rotated, so that the microprobe 6 rotates at a constant speed with the guide rail 3 according to the set rotation angle, and then the forward module 53 is controlled, and the advancement mechanism 4 is activated to make the microscopy. The probe 3 advances along the guide rail 5 along the guide rail 3 by a line-of-sight distance according to the design advance distance, completes an observation period, and then cycles.

Step 4: During the observation period, the image information captured by the microprobe 6 is processed by the image processing module 55 and transmitted to the computer 8 via the wireless transmission module 57 for storage for later analysis.

Claims

A device capable of performing in-situ observation of meso-fracture of surrounding rock, comprising: a rotating electrical machine, a turntable, a guide rail, an advancing mechanism, a control box, a microprobe, a device casing, a computer; the device casing is a transparent cylindrical structure The innermost end of the device casing is fixed to the rotating electric machine; the rotating plate is rotatably connected with the device casing, and the rotating electric machine is connected to the rotating carousel; one end of the guiding rail is fixed on the rotating plate, and the advancing mechanism is mounted on the guiding rail, and the control box and the microscopic probe are all mounted on the advancing mechanism And the microprobe and the advancement mechanism are connected to the control box by wires, and the control box is wirelessly connected with the computer; the lens central axis of the microprobe is perpendicularly intersected with the central axis of the equipment casing; when the observation device is working, The microprobe rotates in the circumferential direction of the borehole driven by the rotating electric machine; after each revolution, the microprobe advances along the axial direction of the borehole with the advancement mechanism by a line of sight distance, completes an observation period, and then cycles until The entire borehole is observed.
A device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the rotary electric machine rotates through a gear set control dial, and the gear set includes a first mounted on an output shaft of the rotary electric machine. The gear and the second gear sleeved on the turntable, the first gear meshes with the second gear, the rotating motor and the turntable reduce drive; the rotary motor adopts a stepping motor.
A device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein a center of the turntable is mounted with a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is connected to an end surface of the device casing through a bearing housing.
A device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein one end of the guide rail is fixed to the turntable, and the other end is close to the port of the device casing; a limiting slot for providing a walking track for the advancement mechanism, the limiting slot for limiting and guiding the advancement mechanism.
A device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the advancing mechanism comprises a forward motor and a forward gear set; and the forward gear set comprises a gear and a connection of the output of the forward motor. a lever gear, a connecting rod and two forward gears; the connecting rod gear is connected to the two forward gears through a connecting rod, and the connecting rod gear meshes with an output gear of the motor; the forward motor uses a stepping motor.
The device capable of performing in-situ observation of the meso-fracture of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the control box comprises a main control module, a rotation module, a forward module, a focusing module, an image processing module, The power module and the wireless transmission module are composed, wherein: the main control module receives the commands issued by the computer and controls each module; the rotation module controls the rotating motor to rotate, and sets the required rotation angle through the computer to complete the micro probe. The rotation module controls the advancement mechanism to advance, sets the required advance distance through the computer, completes the advancement of the microprobe; adjusts the focus module, accurately controls the focusing of the microprobe to obtain a good observation effect; the image processing module, The image information collected by the microscopic probe is processed for transmission; the power module has a battery to supply power to the entire control box and the micro probe; the wireless transmission module is used for wireless connection and information transmission between each module and the computer. To enable the computer to wirelessly operate the control box and transmit the image information collected by the microscopic probe Go to the computer.
A device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the micro-probe is mounted on one side of the control box 5, and the lens is close to the inner wall of the outer casing of the device, and is rotated one week. The path is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the equipment casing.
The device capable of performing in-situ observation of the meso-fracture of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the outer casing of the equipment is made of high-hardness tempered glass; the diameter of the outer casing is slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole, and the length is larger than the borehole. The depth ensures that the axis of the equipment casing substantially coincides with the axis of the borehole.
The device capable of performing in-situ observation of the meso-fracture of the surrounding rock according to claim 1, wherein the computer realizes remote operation of each module in the control box through the main control module, and the micro-probe The collected image information is transmitted to a computer through the wireless transmission module for storage for later analysis.
An observation method for a device capable of performing in-situ observation of a meso-fracture of a surrounding rock according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the specific steps are as follows:

Step 1: Drill holes in the target surrounding rock observation area, observe the hole forming effect after forming the holes, check whether there are any holes or holes, and if necessary, drill holes in time;

Step 2: After the rotating motor, the turntable and the guide rail are fixed, the forward mechanism and the control box are mounted on the guide rail, and the microscopic probe is connected with the control box, and finally the lens center axis of the microprobe mounted on the guide rail is ensured. The central axis of the equipment casing 7 is perpendicularly intersected, and after the inspection is correct, the equipment is placed in the borehole;

Step 3: Remotely operate the control box through the computer. Firstly, after controlling the power module to turn on the power, adjust the focal length of the microprobe by controlling the focusing module, and start observing after achieving the best observation effect; by controlling the rotating module, rotating the motor After starting, the rotating disc rotates, so that the micro-probe rotates at a constant speed with the guide rail according to the set rotation angle; then the forward module is controlled, and the advancement mechanism is activated to make the micro-probe follow the control box along the guide rail according to the design advancement distance by one line of sight. Distance, complete an observation cycle, and then cycle;

Step 4: During the observation period, the image information captured by the microscopic probe is processed by the image processing module and transmitted to the computer hard disk for storage through the wireless transmission module, so as to perform further analysis later.