WO2019103646A1

WO2019103646A1 - Method and device for separating components of a dispersion liquid

Info

Publication number: WO2019103646A1
Application number: PCT/RU2018/000347
Authority: WO
Inventors: Эдуард Фёдорович СЫРОВАТСКИЙ
Original assignee: Эдуард Фёдорович СЫРОВАТСКИЙ
Priority date: 2017-11-21
Filing date: 2018-05-29
Publication date: 2019-05-31
Also published as: RU2017140405A

Abstract

The invention relates to technology for gravitational and (or) flotation extraction of dispersed inclusions from liquids. The fields of application include waste liquid purification for the removal of fats and oils, starch extraction, yeast production, mineral processing, mineral separation of complex ores and salts, as well as the chemical industry. The invention is novel in that a device is used which has a bent channel (1), an overflow and a sludge collector (8), through the front wall (14 or 17) of which floated inclusions are removed. The difference in heights between the edge of the overflow and the rim of the sludge collector (8) provides constancy of surface levels of the separated phases. In addition, the thickness of a layer of continuously unloaded floated inclusions (or froth) is reduced to a minimum. The effectiveness of component separation is increased. The dimensions and material consumption of the equipment is reduced while maintaining the maximum possible throughput capacity thereof. Profitability of enterprises is increased. A number of local, regional and international ecological problems are addressed.

Description

Name of the group of inventions

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS OF DISPERSE LIQUID

Technical field

The invention relates to a technique used in the gravitational and / or flotation extraction of dispersed inclusions from multicomponent liquid systems. Scopes: cleaning of drains from fats and oils, starch trapping, yeast production, mineral processing, separation of salts and minerals of complex ores, as well as the chemical industry.

Prior art

A gravitational method for separating components of effluent is known, in which industrial grease trap is used [1] with continuous unloading of pop-up fats. This device has the appearance of a vertically mounted cylindrical tank buried in the ground with a conical bottom. On the edge of the bottom, holes are provided, communicating the cavity of the tank with a sludge collector under it, which is made in the form of a funnel with a central discharge pipe. The drain supply tray is connected to the receiving pipe located along the axis of the tank. By two concentric partitions not reaching the bottom, the internal space of the grease trap is divided into three annular chambers. A tray for discharging purified water is attached to an annular gutter surrounding the upper part of the extreme flow chamber. The edge of the outermost chamber, located below the level of the windows of the annular gutter that receives fats, is used as a spillway. On the partition, located between the inner chambers, there is an annular groove, made with windows for the passage of pop-up fats. This chute, through the nozzles, communicates with a collection of fats that has a discharge tray and is located inside the pipe that receives the drain. Attention should be paid to the fact that the grease catcher has a too complicated system of drainage of the emerged fats - it is difficult to clean it of impurities.

When the grease trap is in steady state, the method in question is as follows.

The drain is fed through a tray into the receiving tube, from which it flows to the upper part of the conical bottom of the tank, and then spreads towards the extreme chamber. Ring-shaped partitions overlapping the upper part of the flow create two circular ledges of the drain. Above the ledges of the drain is a column of still water — the upper parts of both are filled with it. internal chambers of the tank. Drain components that differ in density are dispersed in the gravitational field over the height of the flow. Heavy particles are displaced downwards, and the fats are pushed into the water of the inner chambers, lifted to its surface, transferred by gravity to the receiving channel, then to the collection, and from there to the storage. Purified water from the extreme annular chamber through the overflow is poured into the annular chute, from which it is removed along the outlet tray. By means of spillway, they ensure the constancy of the water level in the annular chambers of the reservoir, which prevents water from flowing into the fat unloading system. Heavy particles deposited on the bottom of the conical bottom of the tank are moved to its windows, then to the sediment collector, and the sediment is periodically discharged through the discharge pipe.

The material consumption of the device in question is too high. This is due, firstly, to the irrational use of most of the volume of its reservoir. The drain does not flow into the upper space of the two inner annular chambers of the grease trap - the fixed water that fills them is essentially ballast. Secondly, in the central part of the reservoir there is a sharp change in the direction of flow of the flow. Here the flow has a turbulent character, and this excludes the possibility of separating the components of the flow. Of course, in this place a laminar flow regime can be organized, but then the throughput of the grease trap will be negligible.

The gravitational method of separating the components of industrial effluents, carried out during the operation of grease traps, made in the form of vertical (or horizontal) cylindrical vessels is known [2 - 5]. The vertical grease trap [2, 3] has a partition with an overflow window that divides its cavity into two compartments. The inlet and outlet pipes placed in the respective compartments are made with recessed sockets. Cylindrical grease traps with two partitions are also used [4, 5] —the first overlaps the top and the second overlaps the lower part of the tank. The inlet opening of the OTB [5] outlet is located in the flow compartment closed at the top, the front wall of which does not reach the bottom of the tank. A collection of fats is attached to the partition, which overlaps the upper part of the tank, and also to its cylindrical wall, which is V-shaped with the edges of the side walls inclined inward. The level of the upper mark of the inlet of the outlet nozzle is below the level of the elevations of the edges of the V-shaped walls. Water does not flow into the fat collector, however, the thickness of the fat layer on the surface of the drain in the device is not constant: it changes when its consumption changes. The boundaries within which the surface of the drain can rise or fall are the upper and lower marks of the diameter of the inlet of the outlet branch pipe.

Using cylindrical grease traps, the drain components are divided as follows.

The flow regime of flow in the immediate vicinity of the outlet of the bell of the inlet pipe has a turbulent character. Here the stream of flow expands, the flow captures the surrounding still water, and its speed decreases. The steady-state laminar flow in the form of a relatively narrow underwater jet is fed to the overflow window in tank partition (or into the channel between two partitions). Gravitational separation of the components of the drain is carried out in the laminar part of the flow. Heavy particles are sent to the sediment, pop-up fats raise to the surface of the still water, and partially cleaned the drain through the overflow window is released into the second compartment. From the underwater jet that entered the second compartment, fats continue to be removed, and the drain containing their residues is discharged into the sewage system through the discharge pipe. Fats emerging in both compartments of tanks of grease traps accumulate on the surface of the water, and in the OTB device [5], part of them from the surface of the water is poured into the V-shaped tray of the collection of fats. Fats, as well as sediment from the first compartment, the grease traps are periodically removed by pumps or sewage collection machines.

Vertical grease traps of various capacities contain from 0.5 to 3.0 cubic meters of water. The volume of the treated effluent, at any given moment located in the tanks of these devices, constitutes an insignificant share of the volume of still water that fills them. A large amount of ballast water greatly increases the consumption of materials of the considered devices. The length of the laminar flow in the tanks of vertical grease traps is less than their diameter, that is, 0.5–1.5, and in tanks of horizontal devices it is about 5.0 meters. The residence time of the flow through them differs by more than three times, and the degree of fat removal is the same (70 ... 80%). Apparently, one of the reasons for the low efficiency of wastewater treatment is that the selected fats are too long on the surface of the water, and their bottom layer is immersed in water. Most likely, a part of the floating inclusions coagulates, absorbs water with the formation of high-density particles that sink, contaminating the purified runoff.

Known gravitational method of separating the components of dispersed liquids, carried out in devices that have the form of straight-through channels. In this way, oil fats, wastewater of car washes and filling stations, public catering facilities, enterprises processing food raw materials are purified from fats. The channel of channels of such zhirolovok, having the form of parallelepipeds, is divided by partitions into two [6 - 8], three [9] or four [10] compartments. Partitions can be attached to the bottom and the walls of the channels, in which case they are the boundaries of the compartments in which settling solid inclusions are collected. Neighboring compartments of such channels communicate through the mesh part of one partition [1 1], through the overflow window in it [12], or through the vertical gap between the two partitions [13]. In some devices that have one partition, the outlet nozzles end with sockets - their inlets are at the bottom of the channels. Near these sockets the flow has a turbulent character, which reduces the length of the zone of effective action of gravitational forces. This disadvantage is devoid of devices in which the inlet openings of the outlet nozzles are fenced off by the flow compartments closed from above (for example, [11], [14]). The purified water enters the partitioning compartments through the gaps between their front walls and the bottom of the channels. And from the fencing off compartments it leaves through the inlet openings of the outlet nozzles, which are located in the upper part of their rear walls. Of most channel devices small Performance pop-up fats are removed manually — they are periodically scooped out with a bucket. The design of the SZh 05-004 F Optima grease trap [15] is more perfect. This device is equipped with a removable filter bag - pop-up fats with the drain flow into the bag, after filling it is replaced with a new one. Automatic devices are known [16 - 18], from which fats that float to the surface of a drain are removed by rotating wheels. From the video [18], which demonstrates the work of such a system, it is clear that the rotating wheel is twisted by a layer of surfaced fat, and stagnant zones appear in the corners of the channel. From an industrial duct grease cleaner with a capacity of 5–15 m ³ / h [19], fats are removed by a scraper conveyor mechanism. The efficiency of direct-flow channel grease traps depends on the length of the flow of the flow flowing in them: in the ideal case, all fats (of course, except for emulsified ones) should have time to emerge. This condition is possible only with a significant length of channels, which makes grease traps too bulky. Manufacturers find a compromise solution - they shorten the device, but so that the degree of sewage treatment reaches at least 70% [20]. Known flow trap fats "Retroceptor" [21] is a rectangular tank with internal partitions, dividing its cavity into two channels. Compared to single-stage grease traps that have the same performance, the duration of the flow in this trap is doubled. Patent US76882509 protected channel grease traps with partitions (including spiral ones), which provide two zigzag streams. The proposed vertical cylindrical zhirolovka with single spiral channel (patent US 4425239).

There is a method of separating the components of dispersed liquids, carried out in round and duct pressure and pneumatic flotation machines. By means of flotators, they remove fats from wastewater, enrich minerals, separate complex ores and salts; They are used in yeast production, as well as in the chemical industry. In flotation machines, the forces of Archimedes are used, pushing air bubbles along the liquid surface together with the extracted particles attached to them. Pressure floaters are equipped with saturators - in them water is saturated with air pumped under high pressure. In the saturated water entering the flotation cell through the ejector (or through the collector pipe), the pressure drops sharply. Dissolved air is released in the form of bubbles, emerging on the surface of particles suspended in the volume of the fluid being floated. Air is supplied to pneumatic flotators through perforated devices or through dispersants that create microbubbles. Air bubbles and the particles they raise form a foam, the stability of which is enhanced by chemical reagents. Foam from round floaters is removed by collections moving in a circle, and from rectangular devices made with dividing partitions by air flow or a scraper mechanism. The scraper mechanism is used, for example, in a multi-chamber flotation unit [21] equipped with a spillway — through its crest, purified water is poured into the flow through open at the top. compartment. In float collectors, foam is precipitated by fan air, mechanical or chemical dampers. In round flotation machines, depending on where the flow entry is located, the flow velocity in the radial directions drops linearly or, on the contrary, increases. Obviously, due to the uneven flow rate of the flow, efficient operation of round flotators cannot be ensured. In the channels of rectangular flotators the flow rate is constant, but such devices are material-intensive, bulky, the area of the outer surface of their walls is too large. The floatator-grease catcher has another drawback: air bubbles on the surface of the stream raise not only fats, but also a significant amount of particles having a high density. Together with air bubbles, fatty inclusions of all sizes float, whereas the action of gravitational forces is sufficient to lift the largest of them.

Disclosure of inventions

The claimed inventions solve two technical problems related by a single intention. The first of these is to improve the well-known gravity and flotation methods for separating the components of dispersed liquids. The second task is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known channel devices used in the implementation of these methods.

When implementing the inventive method using a channel device containing a sludge trap. Pop-up inclusions in the channel (or foam containing inclusions) are transferred to the sludge collector through the edge of its wall. Front, back or side of the sludge trap is adjacent to the flow compartment, receiving the purified liquid.

New is the use of spillway, located in the compartment, which is the entrance to the discharge pipe. As a spillway, use the edge of the funnel attached to the outlet nozzle, or the edge of the partition installed in front of the entrance to the outlet nozzle. The level of the crest of the spillway through which the purified liquid is poured into the discharge pipe is below the height mark of the edge of the sludge trap wall.

New is also the fact that they use a channel device, in the front of which gravitational is carried out, and in the rear part - flotation separation of components.

In addition, the new is that the contents of the sludge trap is heated to 35 ... 55 ° C

heated with water, heated, and in another embodiment - electric fuel elements.

In this case, the floating inclusions from the channel of the device into the sludge trap can be unloaded by the screw. For the implementation of the claimed method proposed a special device. The device includes a channel with a sludge tank receiving floating surface inclusions (or foam with surface inclusions) flowing over its edge. At the tail end of the device channel, there is a flow through compartment, within which there is an entrance to the branch pipe discharging the purified liquid.

New is the fact that the compartment of the channel, within which there is an entrance to the outlet nozzle, is placed in front, behind or to the side of the sludge trap adjacent to it. In this compartment there is a funnel of the outlet nozzle, and in another variant - a partition installed in front of its inlet. The elevations of the edges of these funnels and partitions are below the edge of the front wall of the sludge trap.

New is also the fact that in the bottom of the compartment, within which there is an entrance to the outlet nozzle, there is an inlet of an additional nozzle. An additional pipe is designed to drain the fluid used in flushing the inner surfaces of the walls and bottom of the channel.

The device includes a partition mounted at the end of the zone of selection of inclusions having a high density.

The head of the device has a pit that serves as a collection of heavy inclusions.

The channel of the device can be in the form of a round or flat three-dimensional spiral from the sides, a variant of the channel with straight and at least one curved sections is possible.

A screw can be installed along the tail section of the channel in front of the sludge trap.

The technical result achieved with the use of inventions is to increase the efficiency of separation of components of the dispersed liquid, to reduce the material consumption of the devices used, to reduce their size and outer surface area, to ensure high performance of the equipment with a minimum occupied area.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows the appearance of the proposed device with a channel having the shape of a flattened three-dimensional spiral from the sides; in fig. 2 is a top view of the device shown in FIG. one; in fig. 3, FIG. 4 shows sections along A-A and B-B of the device shown in FIG. 1, fig. 2; in fig. 5 - section of the second variant of the tail part of the channel; in fig. 6 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the canal tail; in fig. 7 - section of the fourth version of the tail of the channel; in fig. 8 is a top view of a device having the form of a round three-dimensional spiral; in fig. 9 is a top view of the channel with two straight and rounded sections; in fig. 10 is a functional diagram of a combined device with straight or curved weir; in fig. 11 is a functional diagram of a combination device with a funnel-shaped weir.

The best options for the implementation of inventions

The device used in the implementation of the proposed method of separating the components of dispersed liquids may have channels 1 with walls 2 of various shapes. Thus, the wall 2 of the channel 1 can be made in the form of a flattened laterally (Fig. 2 - Fig. 7) or circular (Fig. 8) three-dimensional spiral, the channel of the channel 1 can have straight and curvilinear sections (Fig. 9). The sections of the spiral channels 1 from the neighboring areas are fenced off by the shared long wall 2 (FIG. 2, FIG. 8), and in the device shown in FIG. 9, the common part of the wall 2 is short. The curved shape of the proposed devices allows to reduce their dimensions and material consumption, reduce the area of the outer surface of the channels and lengthen them. In the gravitational separation of the components of a dispersed fluid, one of the devices shown in FIG. 2 - FIG. 9. The bottom 3 of channel 1 is made with a slope in the direction of the tail, but it can be located horizontally (in the drawings, a device with a horizontal bottom is not shown). FIG. 1 - FIG. 8 shows the devices, the inlet nozzles 4 of which, ending with the recessed sockets, are installed in the center, and the nozzles 5 that discharge the purified liquid - on the periphery. However, their location may be opposite. Channel 1 has a zone of accumulation of precipitated sediment - it is located between the socket of the nozzle 4 and the partition 6 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 8, Fig. 9). Before the partition 6 (Fig. 3) in the bottom 3 of the channel 1, a hole is made to which the nozzle 7 is attached, designed to discharge the sediment. In the tail part of the channel 1 there is a sludge tank 8 (Fig. 4, Fig. 6), having a pipe 9, a discharge sludge, and the flow compartment 10, located on top of it (or lateral arrangement of the sludge tank on the drawings) not shown). FIG. 5 shows a variant of the device, the entrance to the outlet nozzle 5 of which is located in the flow compartment 10, fencing off it both from the sludge collector 8 and from the upper part of channel 1. The front wall 1 1 of compartment 10 does not reach the bottom 3 of channel 1, the slot 12 between them informs the lower part of channel 1 with the flow-through compartment 10, and through it with the outlet nozzle 5. The outlet nozzle 5 is made with a funnel 13 used as a spillway, the edge of which is below the elevation of the edge of the front wall 14 of the sludge collector 8. The edge of the funnel 13 and the front wall 14 sludge ornika 8 represent gravitational low pressure thresholds. Gravitational thresholds provide a constant level of the surface of the fluid flowing in channel 1, and the surface of floating inclusions. The difference between the elevations of these thresholds should be minimal, in this case, the layer of floating inclusions transported from the surface of the liquid to the sludge trap 8 will have the smallest thickness. The flow-through compartment 10 is made with an additional discharge pipe 15, intended for use when sanitizing the device. The front wall 14 (Fig. 4, Fig. 6) of the sludge collector 8 (it is also the back wall of the flow compartment 10) is used as the bottom of the tray, through which the floating inclusions are unloaded from the channel 1. The floating particles can be transferred to the sludge collector 8 by gravity, besides , they can be discharged by air flow or rotating wheels. It is possible to use an unloading mechanism having the form of a screw installed along the tail of channel 1. The device with a channel having the shape of a circular three-dimensional spiral (Fig. 6) can be equipped with a scraper mechanism acting periodically. The scraper of such a mechanism in the tail part of channel 1 moves along a spiral trajectory, then rises and returns back (the mechanisms unloading the pop-up inclusions are not shown in the drawings).

Another embodiment of the device (Fig. 5) is possible - in this case, the top of the flow-through compartment 10, fencing in the funnel 13 of the outlet nozzle 5, is located behind the sludge trap 8. In addition, the flow-through compartment 10 may be located on the side of the sludge trap 8 not shown). The front wall 1 1 of the flow compartment 10 (it is the back wall of the sludge trap 8) separates the sludge trap 8 from the compartment 10. A narrow passage 16 is provided between the sludge trap 8 and the bottom 3, which communicates the lower part of the channel 1 with the compartment 10, and through it the funnel 13 discharge pipe 5. The elevation of the edge of the funnel 13 is below the edge of the front wall 17 of the sludge trap 8 of the considered variant of the proposed device. The height difference between their edges is minimal, which ensures the smallest (for example, 0.5 millimeter) thickness of the layer of inclusions flowing from channel 1 to the sludge collector 8.

One more variant of the proposed device is possible when the compartment 10 is open at the top; In this case, the edge of its front wall 1 1 (Fig. 5, Fig. 6) must be located above the edge of the front wall 17 of the sludge trap 8.

When performing the device according to other variants (Fig. 4 - Fig.7, Fig. 1 1), the inlet opening of the discharge pipe 5 is provided in the bottom 3 of the channel 1.

An overflow window 18 is provided in the front wall 1 1 of the compartment 10 (FIG. 6), and the inlet of the additional outlet nozzle 15 is located in front of the compartment 10. A straight or curvilinear partition 19 is installed behind the front wall 11 of the compartment 10, the edge of which is used as a weir. The spillway ridge is below the level of the edge of the front wall 14 of the sludge trap 8. The height difference between them is selected from the condition that ensures the minimum thickness of the layer of 1 inclusions emerging in the channel 1, flowing by gravity into the sludge collector 8.

According to another embodiment of the device (FIG. 7), the sludge collector 8 is located in front of the flow-through compartment 10, in which a partition 19 is installed, the edge of which serves as a weir.

Slag collectors 8 devices designed to trap pork, beef and (or) lamb fat are equipped with systems for heating their contents to 35 ... 55 ° C. Can be radiators with hot water flowing through them were used, and alternatively electric heat-generating elements.

On the section C of channel 1 of the combined devices (Fig. 10, Fig. 1 1), gravity forces are used, and the rest of channel 1 is a pressure flotation cell with recirculation. Along the middle part of the bottom of channel 1, a collector pipe 20 is laid, connected to a saturator 21 connected to mixer 22, into which circulating fluid and compressed air flow. On the section C of the bottom 3 of channel 1, a pit 23 of the sludge collector is provided - it is equipped with a discharge pipe 24 with a submersible pump (the pump is not shown in the drawings). Channel 1 is covered with a lid 25 of the appropriate form, to which are attached nozzles 26, 27, intended for the supply and discharge of fan air. In the sludge collector 8 can be installed mechanical damper flotation foam (not shown); in addition, a chemical quencher can be used. In devices whose functional diagrams are shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, the arrangement of the flow compartments 10 and the sludge trap 8 corresponds to that shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 6. However, other options are possible when the sludge collectors 8 are located in front of the compartments 10 (Fig. 5, Fig. 7) or to the side of them (such variants are not shown in the drawings).

The claimed gravitational method of separating components of inhomogeneous liquid systems is disclosed by the example of using the devices shown in FIG. 1 - FIG. 7, as grease traps.

The stock containing fats, cleared of the main mass of solid impurities, is fed to the channel 1 through the pipe 4, in the vicinity of the socket of which the laminar flow regime is established. The runoff components, differing in density, under the action of gravitational forces, are divided along the entire length of the channel 1 channel. of this area, as well as fats that had time to float on its surface, are sent to the middle part of channel 1 - they are poured over the edge of partition 6. In the middle part of channel 1, the fats remaining in the drain are lifted to its surface, and in the sludge collector 8 they are second wall 14, both on the tray is moved by gravity. From the sludge collector 8, fats are periodically or continuously removed through the outlet nozzle 9. When using the device, the tail of the channel 1 of which is shown in FIG. 4, the purified water into the compartment 10 is passed through the slot 12 located under the front wall 1 1. The purified water entering the compartment 10 is drained through the weir (i.e., through the crest of the funnel 13) into the outlet pipe 5. If a device is used, the tail part of which is made as shown in FIG. 5, the floating fats in the sludge collector 8 are moved over the edge of its front wall 17. The refractory fats in the sludge collector 8 are heated to 35 ... 55 ° C with hot water supplied to the radiator or by electric fuel elements. Purified water from the bottom of channel 1 to compartment 10 (FIG. 7) can be guided along passage 16 under the sludge collector 8, and in compartment 10 it is poured over the weir (that is, through the crest of the partition 19). Water in The sludge collector 8 does not flow in any position relative to the flow-through compartment 10. From the compartment 10, the purified water is directed to the inlet of the outlet nozzle 5. If the tail section of the device is configured as shown in FIG. 6, the purified water from the lower part of the channel 1 into the compartment 10 is directed through the overflow window 18 in its front wall 1 1. The water used to clean the channel 1, along with the washed-off contaminants is released through an additional discharge pipe 15. The possibility of coagulation of fat particles and their subsequent return to purified water is minimized. This is achieved due to the fact that on the surface of the drain layer of the emerged fats always has a minimum thickness, and in the sludge collector 8 they are removed in a continuous stream.

The combined method of separating the components of dispersed liquids is carried out in devices whose functional diagrams are shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11. In sections C of the channels 1 of these devices, the liquid system is divided into components under the action of gravitational forces. Here, heavy particles are lowered into the pit 23 of the sediment collector (they are removed through pipe 24), and the largest inclusions of low density lift to the surface of the fluid flow. Pop-up inclusions and partially purified liquid in the flotation zone are moved over the edge of the partition 6. Air bubbles form in the flotation part of channel 1, evolved from saturated water coming from the saturator 21 through the collector pipe 20. The foam that forms on the surface of the liquid is distilled into the sludge collector 8 with fan air coming in through pipe 26. In the narrow space between the top of the compartment 10 and the lid 25 of the channel 1 part of the foam is quenched with fan air, and its residue in the sludge collector 8 suppress chemical or mechanical quencher. The purified liquid is passed into the compartment 10 through the slit (Fig. 10) under its front wall 11 (or through the window in it - Fig. 11), and the main part of it from the compartment 10 is sent to the sewage treatment plant. The required amount of circulating fluid is pumped into the mixer 22.

Industrial Applicability

Nature is not wasteful: many organisms around us (or their parts) are twisted in spirals. This is the golden rule, and it applies to mechanical engineering. For example, teeth of gears, blades of cutter knives, branch pipes, which bring working bodies to the turbine blades, have a spiral shape. The spiral channels of the claimed technology of separating the components of dispersed liquids, as well as the proposed system for discharging inclusions, solve a number of long-standing technical problems. Thus, the cost of manufacturing equipment decreases, its sale price decreases, it pays off faster. Dramatically increases the efficiency of gravity and flotation devices. In particular, the degree of sewage treatment from fats and solid impurities in the gravitational field can be increased to the theoretically achievable value. The load on the subsequent steps of the treatment plant decreases. The claimed equipment is extremely compact, but has a high throughput. Production areas are used much more rationally. The surface area of the channel walls is reduced to a minimum. As a result, the cost of insulation will decrease. Reduced operating costs. Increases the profitability of enterprises using the claimed methods. A number of local, regional and international environmental problems are being addressed. The claimed invention expects rapid commercial success. The proposed devices can be unified and standardized.

List of quoted sources of information

1. Copyright certificate US 24502, priority from 09/14/1928, published 12/31/1931.

2. Http: //www.jirolovka.ru/verta.php.

3. Http://stroj-nn.narod.ru/ekozir.html.

4. http://aquaprom24.ru/catalog/promyshlennye-ochistnye/zhiroulovitel/.

5. http://www.vodtech.ru/catalog/zhirouloviteIi/

6. Http://septick.ru/zhirolovka/zhiroulovitel-pod-mojku.

7. Http: // iseptic .ru / statl / princzip-raboty i-zhirolovki .html.

8. Https://dinox.com.ua/catalog/product/zhirouloviteli-pod-moiku.

9. Http://bio.alta-region.com/magazin/product/termit-05-25.

10. Http // uk-ka.ru / catalog / oborudovanie-dlya-ochistki-zhirosoderzhaschih- stochnyh- vod / podmoyku .htm 1.

11. Http://canalizacia-vsem.com/kak-vybrat-zhiroulovitel.html.

12. Http://www.titan62.com/ochistnie_soorujeniya/production/jirouloviteli-pyatyy-element.

13. Http://www.allseptiks.ru/articles/raschet-zhuroulovitelya.

14. Http://www.pomo.ru/art/zhirouloviteli-barier-dlya-grjaznyh-stokov/.

15. Http: // xn— b 1 agbibqdtbr 1 ah8j .com .ua / zhiroulovitel-by itovoj-pod-mojku-separator-zhira-szh-05 - 004-f-quotoptimaquot-s-filtrom / p2.

16. Http://www.hydrig.ru/index.php/zhiroulovitel-agt.

17. Http://www.grease-guardian.ru/images/docs/FM+manual+on+Russian+eco-potential.pdf.

18. Http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FZ5BhDGsMIs.

19. Https://prom-water.ru/catalog/ochistka_stochnyh_vod/zhirouloviteli/.

20. Https://www.wewees.ru/article/l 87/14 /.

21. Https: http://www.greenturtletech.com/mtroduction-to-retroceptor.php/.

22. Https.7 / me-system.ru / tehnologii / flotatsiya //. List of reference symbols and names of the elements to which they belong

1. Channel

2. Wall

3. bottom

4. Inlet nozzle

5. Pipe discharging purified water

6. The partition holding sediment

7. Sludge discharge nozzle

8. Slama tank

9. Sludge Discharge Pipe

10. Compartment, receiving the purified liquid

1 1. Front wall of compartment 10

12. The gap under the front wall of the compartment 10

13. Funnel outlet pipe that performs the functions of the weir.

14. The front wall of one of the variants of the sludge trap 8

15. Additional discharge pipe

16. Passage under the bottom of the sludge tank 8

17. The front wall of another version of the sludge collector 8

18. Overflow window in the front wall 1 1 compartment 10

19. The partition that performs the functions of the weir

20. Pipe collector water-air mixture

21. Saturator

22. Mixer

23. Pit of sediment collection

24. Pipe with submersible pump

25. Cover

26. Fan Air Supply

27. Removal of fan air

Claims

Claim

1. The method of gravitational and (or) flotation separation of the components of dispersed fluid passing through the channel (1) of the device containing a sludge trap (8) receiving pop-up inclusions (or foam with selected inclusions) that flow over the edge of its wall (14 or 17) and also a compartment (10) located in front, behind or side of the sludge trap (8), in which there is an entrance to the nozzle (5), discharging the purified liquid, characterized in that the purified liquid from the compartment (10) into the discharge nozzle (5) is poured over the edge of the funnel (13) or across Ai partitions (19), the elevations of which are below the level of the edge of the front wall (14 or 17) of the sludge collector (8).

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a channel device is used, in the front part of which gravitational is performed, and in the rear part - flotation separation of components.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating inclusions from the channel (1) into the sludge trap (8) are unloaded by the screw.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the contents of the sludge trap (8) are heated to 35 ... 55 ° C.

5. A device specifically designed to implement the method according to claim 1, comprising a channel (1) with a sludge trap (8) receiving pop-up inclusions flowing through the edge of its front wall (14 or 17), as well as a compartment (10) in which the entrance to the nozzle (5) discharging the purified liquid, characterized in that the compartment (10) is placed in front of, behind or behind the sludge collector adjacent to it (8), while the funnel (13) of the outlet nozzle (5) or a partition (19) installed in front of its inlet, edge elevations which are below the level of the front wall (14 or 17) of the sludge collector (8).

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that in the bottom (3) of the compartment (10) there is an inlet opening of an additional nozzle (15) intended for draining the washing liquid and the impurities that it is washing off.

7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that it includes a partition (6), in front of which there is a zone of selection of inclusions having a high density.

8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the head section provides a pit that serves as a collection of heavy inclusions.

9. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the channel (1) has the shape of a round or flat from the sides of the three-dimensional spiral.

10. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the channel (1) has straight sections and at least one curved section.

11. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that before the sludge collector (8) is installed auger, and in the sludge collector (8) there are electrical fuel elements or a radiator with hot water flowing through it.