RU2574053C1 - Waste water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: waste water treatment apparatus is divided into two units: an upper unit and a lower unit. The upper unit includes a primary treatment unit, which includes a sand box 2, an oil trap-settling tank 3 and a floatation unit-settling tank 4. The lower unit includes a filtering unit which is separated from the primary treatment unit and consists of two filters: a filter with a granular bed 5 and a sorption filter 6.

EFFECT: designing a compact, combined, efficient and easy-to-use apparatus, that enables performing fine purification of waste water, and reducing the occupied area when using the apparatus.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for wastewater treatment and can be used to purify water from oil products, fats and suspended solids.

A device for treating wastewater is known, which comprises a housing, a flotation chamber placed therein, a coalescing charge and a quick filter with a granular charge. The flotation chamber is equipped with vertical partitions - electrodes to relieve flow turbulence and to neutralize the surface charge of oil product droplets. The distribution system for draining the filtrate and supplying washing water is located in the lower part of the filter in the thickness of the load and is made in the form of two coaxial slotted pipelines, the inside of which has openings in its upper part, and the outer one in the lower part. The device includes a surface washing system for granular filter loading with a water-air mixture. For the removal of pop-up oil products in the upper part of the housing there is a V-shaped guide screen and floating oil collecting trays. The source water is cleaned by passing it through the flotation chamber, the loading chamber and the quick filter with after-treatment on a polyurethane foam filter / A.s. SU No. 1381074, M. cl. C02F 1/24. Device for wastewater treatment / M.V. Kravtsov et al. Publ. 03/15/1988 Bull. No. 10 / [1].

The disadvantage of this device is the high energy consumption due to the use of partitions - electrodes.

A device for wastewater treatment is known, including a housing with a flotation chamber and a filter, nodes for supplying an air-water mixture and removal of purified water, collecting and removing foam, and equipped with a conical septum with nozzles, while the lower part of the flotation chamber is placed in the cavity of the conical septum. The device allows for the separate withdrawal of foam and suspended particles / A.s. SU No. 887468, M. cl. C02F 1/24. Device for wastewater treatment / V.V. Naidenko, Yu.F. Kolesov, V.Z. Klochikhin. Publ. 12/07/81, Bull. No. 45 / [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the presence above the filter column of the cleaned liquid, increasing from the axis of the device to the periphery, which negatively affects the filter, since the dirt capacity of the latter under such conditions differs significantly in area and depth of the filter load.

A device for cleaning liquid, comprising a housing placed along its axis, a cylindrical flotation chamber, the walls of which are perforated in height, a filter, a clarified liquid collector and shelf units, which are made in the form of sections mounted one above the other around the flotation chamber and separated by a solid partition and the filter is concentrically located outside the shelf units / A.s. SU No. 1446113, M. cl. C02F 1/24, 1/00. Device for cleaning liquids / E.M. Fondorko. Publ. 12/23/1988, Bull. No. 47 / [3].

The disadvantage of this device is that in the flotation zone there is no foam separation zone, which significantly reduces the flotation process time, thereby impairing its effectiveness. At the same time, the entrance of purified water to the shelf unit directly from the flotation zone leads to the leakage of large air bubbles into the settling zone, which violates the normal mode of operation of the device. Also, the device limits the ability to perform high-quality backwash of the filter load, since it is inevitable that the latter will be ejected from the annular space of the filter and the loading material will enter the zone of thin-layer settling, which leads to re-contamination.

A device for treating wastewater containing oil products, oils and suspended solids, including a housing with a flotation chamber, a filter, a container for collecting purified water, nodes for supplying an air-water mixture and for removing purified water, collecting and removing foam. The flotation and filter chambers are located in a horizontal plane, in the form of separate containers formed by sequentially placing a single body along the axis of symmetry in the direction from the wall of the latter to the center of the dividing wall, made in the form of a ring with an element cut out along the entire height of the ring; a restriction cylinder, which together with the sectional walls forms a cavity of the flotation zones and a cavity for collecting foam product made with the possibility of overflow of swotted water from the second zone of the flotation chamber into the transitional technological zone due to the presence of holes in the lower part of the restriction cylinder, a separation-overflow partition separating flotation chamber from the filter chamber and made in the form of a cylindrical pipe with half-openings on the upper end, and having vertically inside flax mounted plate separating the tube cavity in small and large area / Patent RU №2254297, IPC C02F 1/24. Installation for flotation and filtration water treatment. Lugovkin A.N., Kuznetsov A.D. Publ. January 10, 2005 / [4].

The disadvantage of this device is the use of additional equipment necessary for the operation of the installation, such as pumps, which requires large amounts of electricity.

Another disadvantage of this device is the use of reagent water treatment, which leads to secondary water pollution. Also, reagent water treatment requires the use and application of a reagent farm, which requires additional space for equipment.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for wastewater treatment, comprising a granular loading filter chamber placed on top of each other and a flotation chamber equipped with devices for introducing air and removing foam. The device is equipped with an annular chute equipped with a tangential pipe for supplying wastewater for preliminary clarification of effluents, and the device for introducing air is located above the filter chamber / A.с. SU No. 485075, M. cl. C02C 1/26. Device for wastewater treatment / B.A. Mitin, A.L. Rabinovich. Publ. 01/16/1976 Bull. No. 35 / [5], taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this device is the low dirt capacity of the filter, due to the fact that coarsely dispersed substances form a film on the surface of the filter that impedes the filtering and penetration of finely dispersed substances deep into the filter, which reduces the filtering speed. Another disadvantage of the device is that air bubbles trapped by the flow of water moving downward block the pores of the filter charge, which also worsens the working conditions of the filter and leads to a decrease in the quality of water treatment and a decrease in the filtering speed.

The task to which the invention is directed is to improve the quality of wastewater treatment, expand the functionality of the equipment, save space during its operation.

The essence of the invention is the creation of a compact, combined, efficient and easy-to-use installation that allows for deep wastewater treatment.

The technical result is an increase in the quality, speed and efficiency of wastewater treatment, as well as a reduction in the occupied area during operation of the wastewater treatment plant.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known installation for wastewater treatment, consisting of two blocks located one above the other: a primary treatment unit containing a flotator with devices for supplying wastewater, air inlet and foam removal, equipped with a sand trap, oil trap-sump and sedimentation tray, and a filter unit containing a filter chamber with a granular charge, the feature is that the filter unit is additionally equipped with a filter with sorption th loading and is divided into two parts: in one of which there is a filter with granular loading with water moving from top to bottom, and in the other - a filter with sorption loading, with water moving from bottom to top, with two partitions between them, forming a pocket for the flow of purified water from the granular filter to the sorption through the overflow hole, while in the lower part of the conical bottom, with the cone pointing upward, the filter unit has two nozzles for removing sediment from the filters: granular and sorption, and in its upper part, adsorption filter, there is a branch pipe for the removal of purified water, and above the granular one there is a pipe for drainage of washing water, while the primary cleaning unit is equipped with a pipe for removing sediment, which is connected to the cone bottom of the flotator, with the cone pointing downward, having cylindrical partitions dividing it into zones flotation and sedimentation; the settling zone is equipped with a chamber for settling the flotated water, and the air inlet device is made in the form of a disk and connected to the compressor; the sand trap combines in its design elements of the tangential and vertical sand traps, and the bottom of the oil trap-settler has a slope from the center to the periphery. Crushed expanded clay was used as a grain filter load, and activated carbon was used as a sorption filter load.

The installation diagram is presented in the drawings:

in FIG. 1 is a side view; The following designations are accepted: 1 - device body; 2 - sand trap; 3 - oil trap sump; 4 - flotator settler; 5 - granular filter; 6 - sorption filter; 7 - pipe outlet of purified water; 8 - overflow pipeline; 9 - flotation chamber; 10 - zone of clarified water; 11 - settling zone; 12 - a cylindrical partition; 13 - pipe discharge sediment oil trap-sump; 14 - pipeline discharge of floating sediment; 15 - pipeline supplying water to the filter unit; 16 - a partition separating the filters; 17 - sedimentation tray; 18 - tray for collecting foam; 19 - pipe discharge foam; 20 - partitions for fluid flow; 21 - overflow hole; 22 - pipe discharge sediment granular filter; 23 - pipe outlet sludge sorption filter; 24 - pocket; 25 - disk aerator; 26 - compressor; 28 - pipe outlet sediment sand trap; 29 - pipe outlet wash water granular filter;

in FIG. 2 is a top view (section AA); The following designations are accepted: 2 - sand trap; 3 - oil trap sump; 4 - flotator settler; 8 - overflow pipeline; 9 - flotation chamber; 10 - zone of clarified water; 11 - settling zone; 12 - a cylindrical partition; 18 - tray for collecting foam; 19 - pipe discharge foam; 25 - disk aerator; 26 - compressor; 27 - pipeline supply of source waste water;

in FIG. 3 shows a filter unit (section BB); The following designations are accepted: 5 - granular filter; 6 - sorption filter; 16 - a partition separating the filters; 20 - partitions for fluid flow; 22 - pipe discharge sediment granular filter; 23 - pipe outlet sludge sorption filter; 24 - pocket.

Case 1 includes two blocks. The upper primary cleaning unit has a larger radius than the rest of the installation, and contains a sand trap 2, oil trap-sump 3, flotator-sump 4. The lower filter block consists of a granular filter 5 and a sorption filter 6.

In the primary cleaning unit, a sand trap 2, equipped with a sediment discharge pipe 28, and an oil trap settler 3 are sequentially installed. Through the overflow pipe 8 located in the primary purification unit, the purified water flows from the oil trap settler 3 to the flotator settler 4; in the oil trap-settler 3 there is a nozzle for removing the sediment of the oil trap-settler 13. In the central part of the flotator-settler 4 there is a flotation chamber 9 made in the form of a cylinder, in which a disk aerator 25 is connected to the compressor 26. The flotator-settler 4 is equipped with a cylindrical partition 12, which forms the settling zone 11 and separates it from the clarified water zone 10. In the upper part of the flotation tank-settler 4 there are installed trays for collecting foam 18 and pipes for dumping foam 19 for removing foam. In the lower part there is a pipeline for discharging floating sludge 14. Sediment and foam formed during the operation of the installation are removed through the corresponding nozzles into a sedimentation tray 17. In the zone of clarified water 10, a pipeline for supplying water 15 to the filter unit is provided. The filter block is in the form of a cylinder with a partition separating the filters 16 into two parts. One of the parts contains: a granular filter 5, and the other contains a sorption filter 6. In parallel with the partition separating the filters 16, two baffles are arranged for the flow of liquid 20, which form a pocket 24 for the purified water to flow from the granular filter to the sorption through the overflow hole 21. In the lower part of the filtering unit there are pipes for removing sediment from granular and sorption filters, and above the sorption filter 6 there is a pipe for removing purified water 7. The filtering unit is flushed by flushing water through the nozzle 7 and the drain through the nozzle for draining the washing water of the granular filter 29. Precipitated precipitates after washing the granular and sorption filters are discharged respectively through the nozzle for removing the sediment of the granular filter 22 and the nozzle for removing the sediment of the sorption filter 23.

Installation works as follows.

The purified water through the sewage supply pipe 27 by gravity enters the primary treatment unit, where it is sequentially cleaned on a sand trap 2, oil trap-sump 3 and through an overflow pipe 8 from the oil trap-sump, is fed into the flotation chamber 9, into which together with water through a disk aerator 25 air is supplied from compressor 26; coarse and finely dispersed substances dissolved in water are captured by air bubbles and carried to the surface of the water to be cleaned, where foam is formed, which is collected in the foam collecting tray 18 and is discharged through the branch pipes for the sedimentation of the oil trap-settler 13. The floated water from the flotation chamber 9 flows into a settling zone 11 equipped with a cylindrical partition 12. In the settling zone 11, air bubbles dispersed in water are completely released after flotation, after which the water flows into the clarified water zone 10 Through the drainage pipe for floating sludge 14, the sludge falling to the bottom of the flotation tank settles 4. The clarified water is discharged from the primary treatment unit through the water supply pipe 15 and fed to the lower filter unit. The purified water is supplied to the granular filter 5. The water, moving from top to bottom, passes through the granular filter 5, makes a 180 ° turn and, through the pocket 24 formed by the partition separating the filters 16 and the partition for the liquid flow 20, rises to the overflow hole 21 and lowers to the bottom of the structure, after which it again changes direction and undergoes post-treatment on the sorption filter 6 with an upward flow of water. The purified water is discharged through the branch pipe of the purified water 7.

The claimed invention, when used, will improve the speed, efficiency and quality of treatment due to the double filtration of the purified water: a granular filter and sorption.

The compactness of the proposed wastewater treatment plant can significantly reduce the production space it occupies, thereby expanding the possibilities for its use.

Information sources

1. A.S. SU No. 1381074, M. cl. C02F 1/24. A device for wastewater treatment. / M.V. Kravtsov et al. Publ. 03/15/1988 Bull. No. 10.

2. A.S. SU No. 887468, M. cl. C02F 1/24. Device for wastewater treatment / V.V. Naidenko, Yu.F. Kolesov, V.Z. Klochikhin. Publ. 12/07/81, Bull. No. 45.

3. A.S. SU No. 1446113, M. cl. C02F 1/24, 1/00. Device for cleaning liquids / E.M. Fondorko. Publ. 12/23/1988, Bull. No. 47.

4. Patent RU No. 2254297, IPC C02F 1/24. Installation for flotation-filtration water treatment / Lugovkin A.N., Kuznetsov A.D. Publ. 01/10/2005.

5. A.S. SU No. 485075, M. cl. C02C 1/26. Device for wastewater treatment / B.A. Mitin, A.L. Rabinovich. Publ. 01/16/1976 Bull. Number 35.

Claims (3)

1. Installation for wastewater treatment, consisting of two blocks located one above the other, a primary treatment unit containing a flotator with devices for supplying wastewater, air and foam, equipped with a sand trap, oil trap-sump and sedimentation tray, and a filter, containing a filter chamber with a granular charge, characterized in that the filter unit is additionally equipped with a filter with sorption loading and is divided into two parts, in one of which is a filter with grain net loading with water moving from top to bottom, and in the other, a filter with sorption loading with water moving from bottom to top, with two partitions between them, forming a pocket for the flow of purified water from the granular filter to sorption through the overflow hole, while in the lower part of the conical bottom with the cone pointing upwards of the filter block, there are two nozzles for removing sediment from the filters: granular and sorption, and in its upper part, above the sorption filter, there is a branch pipe for removing purified water, and above the grains stym - a pipe for draining the wash water, while the primary cleaning unit is equipped with a pipe for the removal of sediments, which is connected to the conical bottom of the flotator with the cone pointing downward, having cylindrical partitions dividing it into flotation and settling zones; the settling zone is equipped with a chamber for settling the flotated water, and the air inlet device is made in the form of a disk and connected to the compressor; the sand trap combines in its design elements of the tangential and vertical sand traps, and the bottom of the oil trap-settler has a slope from the center to the periphery. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that crushed expanded clay is used as a granular filter load. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that activated carbon is used as a sorption filter charge.

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