SU1758011A1 - Sewage treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The device comprises a housing, a preliminary cleaning chamber for mechanical impurities, coalescing filters with vertical fluid movement in a layer of granular filler, settling chambers with overflow partitions and floating oil trays. Thin-layer blocks are installed in the pre-cleaning chamber. The number of thin-layer blocks is equal to the number of filters and settling chambers. The proposed device allows for flexibility in the management of sewage treatment plants — only the required number of modules are put into operation, which is essential in conditions of a constant or cyclic load. J il

Description

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The invention relates to a technique for cleaning oil-containing waste water from petroleum products and mechanical impurities and can be used in any branch of the national economy, for example, in the oil refining industry, at railway steaming stations, etc.

A thin lagoon is known, in which precipitation elements are used in the form of inclined plates arranged in sections around the perimeter of the casing. In the specified septic tank it is impossible to obtain a high degree of purification by mechanical impurities, since the precipitation proceeds only through thin layer settling. The possibility of separating petroleum products, especially fine ones, is not envisaged at all.

A septic tank for wastewater treatment is known, containing

included in the cleaning cycle thin-layer blocks and coalescing filter.

This sump has the following disadvantages.

In the horizontal direction of filtration of the liquid, a film of coalesced oil products flows through the pore channels to the upper part of the filter through the volume of the coalescing filter, as a result of which the velocity of water in the lower part increases above the average, which leads to a decrease in the coalescence effect and, therefore, and reduce the cleaning capacity of the device as a whole.

The efficiency of operation of thin-layer blocks with a side tilt adopted in the prototype is lower than that of thin-layer elements with countercurrent movement of the creeping sediment and the liquid being cleaned.

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The performance of the device is negatively affected by the need to periodically replace the coalescing nozzle or clean it, associated with the use of nexalifing manual labor when the pores are soiled with mechanical mixtures and viscous oil components.

The need for frequent stops for replacing code nozzles eliminates the possible use of a single device in continuous cycles of wastewater treatment.

A clarifier of light liquids is also known, comprising a housing, a chamber for pre-cleaning of mechanical impurities, a coalescing filter with a vertical movement of fluid in the grain of the granular filler, supply and discharge chutes.

This clarifier has a number of significant drawbacks.

The efficiency of sedimentation and retention of mechanical impurities due to preliminary sedimentation is lower than in the presence of a thin layer block.

The output of the cobalanced oil product after the filter charge is not provided.

There is no possibility of regeneration of the filter load.

There is no possibility of adjusting the load on the performance.

There is no provision for a continuous cycle of operation.

The aim of the invention is to increase the cleaning efficiency and provide conditions for continuous cleaning.

This goal is achieved in that the device is equipped with pre-cleaning devices installed in the chamber.

thin-layer blocks with opposite movement of sediment and cleaned fluid, made in the form of parallel sections, having means for regulating the discharge, additional filters, placed after the filters, settling chambers with overflow partitions and floating oil collecting trays, and means for regenerating filters, while the number of thin-layer blocks equal to the number of filters and settling chamber.

FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a general view; in fig. 2 - a variant of the location of the modules crosswise; in fig. 3 shows a variant of the arrangement of the modules in parallel in two opposite directions.

The device contains two modules consisting of thin-layer settling sections.

1, installed at an angle of 60 ° to the horizon on opposite walls of the pyramidal pre-cleaning chamber 2, coalescing filters 3 with granular nozzle filling material 4 and septic tanks 5 with cascade partitions 6 and 7. For even distribution of the treated water in the pre-treatment chamber and coalescing filters 3, gutters 8 and 9 are installed. Partitions 10 are adjacent to the upper corners of the thin-layer settling sections 1. A layer of coalescing filler 4 rests on a drainage partition 11, made of porous material. limerbetona. To discharge the purified water after the partition 12, a discharge chute 13 is installed. To increase the washing efficiency, the coalescing filler is divided into sections by partitions 14. At the bottom of each section there are collectors of perforated pipes 15 for water-flushing. The suction nozzle of the pump 16 is connected to the intakes of the sludge 17, the floating oil collection trays 18 and the receivers of flushing water 19. The pump output is connected to the hydrocyclone 20 and to the oil reservoir tank 21. Depending on the operating conditions, the sections of the thin-layer sumps 1 are connected with coalescing filters 3 and the flow rate liquids can be either through distribution perforated pipes 22 and valve 23, or with the help of a gate valve 24 installed in the slots 25 and connected by cables or chains 26 to the shaft 27 fixed in bearings 28. The shaft 27 communicates with the motor 29 via a gear 30.

The device works as follows.

Sewage water flows by gravity through the chute 8 into the pre-treatment chamber 2, where the deposition of large suspended solids and the separation of film oil. From the pre-treatment chamber, 2 drains flow in parallel to the sections of the thin-layer settling tank 1, on the shelves of which most of the fine mechanical impurities are retained, which form sediment, which gradually slips into the pre-cleaning chamber 2. Then, through the distributive perforated pipes 22 or the slide valve 24, water enters the distribution chute 9, after which it is filtered through a layer of coalescing granular filler 4. When water moves in the pores of the filler, a coarse aggregation occurs kersey particles

oil droplets of 3-5 mm in size, which, after passing through the drainage partition 11, are carried with the water flow into the sump 5. Large oil product droplets float, accumulating in a layer in the upper part of the sump, and the purified water, passing under the cascade partition 7, is drained into the discharge chute 13 Sediment and oil products removed from the surface in the pre-cleaning chamber are carried out by the pump 16 through the sludge inlets 17 or floating collection logs respectively. 18 The sediment from the pump is discharged through the hydraulic system. slope 20 for its dehydration

The washing of the coalescing filler A of the filters 3 is carried out alternately, switching off one of the modules for a short time from operation. For this, the valve 23 is closed or the gate valve 1L is raised. Through the collectors of the air-and-water washing, section-by-section air is fed in an amount of 11–14 l / m for 1 min, and then - wash water 18–20 l / m for 2 min. These operations are repeated 5–8 times depending on the degree contamination of the coalescing filler. Wash water through receiver 19 is pumped out by pump 16 through hydrocyclone 20 for separating sludge and drained into pre-treatment chamber 2. Well-organized and spent washing of the filler takes no more than 20-30 minutes, during this time of significant changes in the cleaning capacity of the operating module due to some increase in load, i.e. fluid flow will not occur. First, the water level in the filters 3 does not increase instantaneously, but will gradually rise, the pressure and, accordingly, the filtration rate increase smoothly. Secondly, wastewater treatment devices usually operate with variable load and the washing cycles can be combined with a decrease in liquid consumption. - STI to sewage treatment plants.

The presented free-flow device is intended primarily for wastewater treatment at a flow rate of 20 m / h or more. Moreover, modules can be placed crosswise or parallel in two opposite directions,

Modules, based on design considerations, the conditions of effective operation and washing of the coalescing filler,

it is advisable to choose the capacity of 15-20 m3 / h.

A preliminary calculation of a two-modular device (as in Fig. 1) with a capacity of 36 m / h, a degree of purification for petroleum products up to 5 mg / l, and for a mechanical example with m - up to 20 mg / l, at a filtration rate through a coalescing filler of 3 m3 / h the following device dimensions are determined: length 12 m, width 3 m, maximum depth 3 m.

For comparison, the standard treatment facilities according to the standard design for the same capacity using a horizontal sump and after-break filters are twice as large - 22 x 3.5 m. Moreover, the filter loading must be periodically changed, for which purpose the treatment plants stop long time

Along with such advantages as compactness, high cleaning ability and performance, the proposed modular device allows to save a lot of resources, materials, as well as provide flexibility in the management of wastewater treatment plants, commissioning only the required number of modules, which is especially significant conditions of constantly varying or cyclic load

Claims (1)

Invention Formula A sewage treatment device containing a housing, a mechanical pre-cleaning chamber is brought in, a coalescing filter with vertical fluid movement in the layer of granular filler, supply and discharge chutes, characterized in that, in order to increase the cleaning efficiency and environment conditions continuous cleaning, it is equipped with thin-layer blocks installed in the pre-cleaning chamber with opposite movement of the sludge and the liquid being cleaned, made in the form of parallel sections having CTBA for flow control, additional kolestsiruyuschimi filters arranged after the filter with the settling chamber and floating weir neftesbor- GOVERNMENTAL trays, and means for regenerating the filter, the number of blocks equals the number of thin-CoA lestsiruyuschih filters and settling chambers, / S / 23 V 2 / K /// L ///// X / LG /// t S5 }) hl is 2 13 X / 24 6 7 12 2 V 2 / 2h / 7 / 12 but.