RU2163565C2 - Reservoir for water purification and conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of drinking water; applicable in purification and conditioning of tap and natural waters. SUBSTANCE: reservoir includes coaxial vertical tower provided with horizontal load-carrying perforated diaphragm with a layer of filtering fill for purification and conditioning of initial water. Working flow of water through layer of filtering fill is directed from top downward. Tower is separated by additional horizontal load-carrying stiffening diaphragm into two parts: water intake pit for purified water in which immersion pumps or intake funnel with pipeline is installed, and receiving section to which initial water is supplied through pipeline. Inside the receiving section, directly on tower bottom or above it, on said perforated diaphragm one or several layers of said filtering fill are located. Ports for overflow of purified water from tower receiving section to reservoir are located in group uniformly arranged over perimeter of tower walls at some elevation directly above reservoir bottom, and additional second group of ports designed for overflow of purified water from reservoir to water intake pit is arranged in reservoir walls at elevation on maximum water level in reservoir. EFFECT: higher efficiency of water purification, lower cost price of purification, possible correction of composition of purified water with respect to macro- and microelements. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of drinking water and can be used for purification and conditioning of tap and natural waters.

 The problem of obtaining high-quality drinking water is now more acute than ever, not only in Russia but throughout the world. Tap water in large and small cities, although it complies with GOST 284-82, is still harmful to human health, since the water treatment technology of urban water stations was designed for once clean lake, river and underground (borehole) water intakes, which over the past 30 -40 years have been contaminated with industrial waste.

 At city water stations, water chlorination (for disinfection) and aluminum sulphate treatment (for coagulation) are used. Chlorine, reacting with organic substances of water intakes, forms extremely toxic organochlorine substances, and aluminum salts are neurotoxic. Poor quality water pipes supplying water to homes corrode under the influence of chlorine and add iron salts to drinking water, much higher than the maximum permissible concentrations.

 The situation is not better with drinking water in suburban and suburban villages. For example, according to Lenkomekologiya, out of 12 borehole intakes of the Karelian Isthmus, 10 do not comply with sanitary standards, since high concentrations of phenols and salts of heavy metals are found in them (1).

 Conclusion: an effective and inexpensive technology is needed for the tertiary treatment of tap water and the purification of surface natural waters to drinking condition near the place of its consumption.

 A large number of various devices designed for water purification are known. For example, a device (2), in which a tank filled with water is closed on top with a pyramidal casing made of glass or transparent synthetic resin. A cylinder is connected to the central part of the tank, filled with a filler for water treatment containing mineral components, mainly silica and alumina. A pipe for supplying water with upper and side outlet openings passes through an open cylinder at the top and bottom, comprising ~ 2/3 of the height of the casing. Pipelines are connected to the tank with electric pumps for supplying and withdrawing water.

 Another known device (3) of a more simplified design (without drive mechanisms) is intended for deferrization of drinking water. This device contains a water tower with a barrel and a tank with a roof, pipelines for supplying raw and pure water, an aerator sump and a filtering granular load. The raw water supply pipe running inside the body of the water tank is led out through its roof and has perforated walls.

 The water purification device (4) comprises a vertical casing, divided by mesh partitions into sections filled with a loading of various fractional composition, a chamber for source water with a supply pipe located in the lower part of the casing and located in the upper part of the casing for collecting purified water. To purify water from heavy metals, it is equipped with a separator (in the form of pipes with nozzles) located in the chamber for the source water, made in the form of “tulip petals”.

 A device is known - a contact reservoir (5), hydraulically connected to a chamber for mixing reagents and an aeration column, equipped with an aerator suspended with the possibility of vertical movement to form an air-air solution in the volume of untreated water and a flexible hose connected to it for supplying compressed air. The normal operation of the device is ensured by passing in gravity flow the entire volume of purified water and distributing in it part of the raw water saturated with air, providing a flotation effect.

 A known method of water purification (6), in which the water is first subjected to sedimentation, then filtered through a sand filter and treated with oxygen and an ion-exchange mixture containing 40-70% clinoptilolate, 30-15% anion exchange material and 30-15% cation exchange material (two the latter - type of cellulose).

Known is the material - petrified shells (7), containing components of various nekton, plankton, algae or seaweed and consisting of limestone substances or silicate. They are crushed to a state of coarse sand, dried with hot air at 120-150 ^o C in a rotary kiln and cooled in the refrigerator. Next, the material is ground into powder in a ball mill and isolated in a cyclone in the form of particles with a size of 0.10-50.0 microns. With this treatment, a material is obtained that is optimal for improving water quality.

 In recent years, many different water purifying devices for the purification of tap and natural water have appeared on sale. These devices use a variety of technologies: sorption on activated carbon, ion-exchange resins; ion exchange membranes; electrodialysis; osmosis, etc.

 For a deeper purification and conditioning of drinking water, there are a number of special installations, but the installation created on the basis of modeling of natural self-cleaning processes is especially interesting in its novelty and originality. This device partially solves the problem of water purification from organic, mineral and bacterial contaminants (8), in which, for purification and conditioning of water, the loads are placed in containers in successive layers. The loading layer for primary processing is made of shungite with a total content of silica and aluminosilicates of 30-70%, and the next one is made of dolomite containing organic components of not more than 0.1% by weight, including: sulfur 1.5-2% , nitrogen 0.3 - 0.6% by weight of organic matter. It is possible to use a device with a loading layer for subsequent water treatment. The device can be made in a submersible version. The capacity of such a device is made of two detachable parts for primary and subsequent water treatment, and at least part of the surface of each is made of material with a pore size of 1-100 microns. The disadvantages of this device is the inability to effectively purify water from heavy metals, organic and bacterial contaminants, as well as the simultaneous conditioning of its trace elements.

 Closest to this device is a device for water purification and conditioning (9), including a coaxial circulating vertical tank - a tower equipped with windows for overflowing purified water into the tank, a tube - a pipe - for supplying purified water, and a horizontal supporting perforated diaphragm located on a layer of filtering backfill for cleaning and conditioning the source of purified water. The first layer of treated water is a layer of shungite, and the second is a carbonate-containing rock. The device can be made with the supply of cleaning water from top to bottom and from bottom to top. An outlet pipe is placed in the wall of the tank — the tower — to divert the treated water to the consumer. Water can be pre-filtered for purification from suspended contaminants, as well as reagent treatment, for example, chlorine.

 The disadvantages of the above devices include the fact that most water purifiers, although to one degree or another, delay the toxicants present in water, while removing components that are beneficial to humans - magnesium and calcium salts and, most importantly, a complex of trace elements inherent in natural water. This deprives water of biological activity, and the consumer has, although clean, but "artificial" water.

 The practical use of the device according to the closest analogue (9) for creating a large volume tank for purification and conditioning of drinking water becomes impossible for several reasons. Firstly, when supplying water, taking into account the proposed scheme of movement of water flows (through a tube - a supply pipeline - 2) in the lower part of the tank - in the receiving compartment - 5 (at the places where its walls adjoin the bottom) and in the device remote from the tap water from the reservoir - 4 places in the reservoir - the tower - stagnant zones of water will inevitably form, as a result of which the quality of the treated water will deteriorate. Secondly, the feed of the source water to be purified takes place directly into the filter backfill material under pressure, which leads to its local erosion by turbulent water flows from the tube - supply pipe - 2 and the removal of particles of the backfill material into the purified water.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device that would have the following advantages over other devices for water treatment:
a) would make it possible not only to effectively purify water from a wide variety of harmful substances, but also to adjust its composition according to macro- (magnesium and calcium salts) and microelements;
b) would allow the use of cheaper materials for backfilling - natural minerals and rocks, on the basis of which natural processes of self-purification of water would be simulated;
c) the proposed device would be effective when used in tanks of large volumes that are part of the drinking water supply systems;
d) the possibility of replacing the filter bed with a new one or its regeneration (without disassembling) would be allowed;
e) the possibility of using the invention for water purification in networks of not only cold but also hot water supply, as well as for wastewater treatment of various industries;
f) the possibility of formation of stagnant zones of water inside the tank and inside the filtering bed would be excluded, which would adversely affect the microbiological and organoleptic indicators of water quality.

 This problem is solved by the fact that in the tank for purification and conditioning of drinking water, including a coaxial vertical tower equipped with windows for overflowing purified water into the tank and a horizontal supporting perforated diaphragm with a layer of filtering filling for cleaning and conditioning the source of purified water, working movement through which it is provided from top to bottom, the tower is divided by an additional horizontal supporting stiffness diaphragm into two parts: a water intake pit for cleaned water in which submersible pumps or a water intake funnel with a pipeline are installed, and a receiving compartment, where the source purified water is supplied through the pipeline, and inside of which one or several layers of the specified filling are located directly on the tower bottom or above the perforated diaphragm, windows for overflow of purified water from the receiving compartment into the tank are arranged in a group evenly around the perimeter of the tower walls at the same elevation directly above the bottom of the tank, and an additional second I am a group of windows designed for overflowing purified water from a reservoir into a water intake pit, located in its walls at the mark of the upper maximum water level in the reservoir.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a vertical section (1-1) of a tank for cleaning and conditioning drinking water with a working movement of the source water in the direction from top to bottom through a filtering filling; in FIG. 2 - horizontal section of the tank (aa); in FIG. 3 - the same (bb); in FIG. 4 - the same (on in-in); in FIG. 5 - the same (according to yy).

The positions in FIG. 1-5 indicate:
1 - tank for drinking water; 2 - coaxial circulating vertical tower; 3 - horizontal bearing diaphragm; 4 - reception department; 5 - water intake pit; 6 - pipeline for supplying the source of purified water; 7 - horizontal carrier perforated diaphragm; 8 - the bottom layer of backfill (crushed carbonic schungite rock containing aluminosilicates, quartz and amorphous carbon); 9 - the middle layer of backfill (carbonate-bearing rock - crushed and activated sedimentary rock - fossilized organic remains of ancient organisms that are close to modern corals in chemical and biochemical composition); 10 - top layer of backfill (clean coarse sand); 11 - horizontal porous gasket; 12 - windows for the overflow of water from a clean water tank into the intake pit; 13 - windows for the overflow of water from the receiving compartment of the tower into the clean water tank; 14 - water intake funnel; 15 - pipeline for water intake from the tank; 16 - horizontal bond stiffness between the walls of the tank and the tower; 17 - dual-use pipeline (overflow or for emergency overflow of water from the tank); 18 - a hatch for loading backfill materials into the front desk; 19 - filter for cleaning the air entering the tank; 20 - check valve.

 The tank for the purification and conditioning of drinking water (see Fig. 1) consists of a tank for drinking water 1 ground, in-ground or underground, made of metal, reinforced concrete or other known materials, mainly cylindrical in plan. Inside the tank there is a coaxial circulating vertical tower 2, divided by a horizontal supporting diaphragm 3 into a receiving compartment 4 (see Figs. 2, 3 and 4) and a water intake pit 5 (see Fig. 5). Priyamok 5 is located in the upper part of the tower 2 and is designed to fill with clean water. Through the outer wall of the tank and the wall of the tower, a supply pipe of the source water to be treated is connected to the receiving compartment 4. The intake pit 5 is located in the upper part of the tower 2 and is separated by a horizontal bearing diaphragm 3 from the receiving compartment 4. The subpipe 5 has submersible pumps or an intake funnel with an overflow pipeline 17. In the receiving compartment 4, the source water is supplied through pipeline 6. Inside the compartment, directly on the bottom of the tower (or above it, on a horizontal supporting perforated diaphragm 7), is located One or more layers of filtering backfill 8-10. The working movement of the source purified water is carried out through all layers of filtering backfill. The backfill may, for example, consist of three layers: the bottom layer is made of shungite rock 8; the middle layer is from carbonate-containing rock 9; the top layer is made of pure coarse sand 10. Each backfill layer can be laid directly on top of each other or on a horizontal porous pad 11.

 The first group of windows 13, designed to overflow purified water from the receiving compartment into the tank 1, is located evenly around the perimeter of the tower walls, at the same elevation, directly above the bottom of the tank. The second group of windows 12, designed for overflow of clean water from the tank into the intake pit 5, is located in its walls at the mark of the upper maximum water level in the tank. For complete emptying of the tank, a funnel 14 with a pipe 15 is provided. In addition, the structure provides for horizontal connections of stiffness 16, established evenly around the perimeter of the tank, between its outer walls and the tower. The pipeline 17 emergency overflow of water will prevent the tank from destruction in case of overflow. The tank is also equipped with a hatch 18 for loading backfill materials into the receiving compartment (except for ordinary hatches), filters 19 for cleaning the air entering the tank when it is emptied, and a check valve 20 that ensures normal emptying and functioning of the tank.

 The device (see Fig. 1) works as follows. The source of clean water is supplied to the clean water tank 1, or rather, to the receiving compartment 4 of the central tower 2, through the pipe 6. In the horizontal supporting diaphragm 3, dividing the tower 2 into the intake pit 5 and the receiving compartment 4, a water intake funnel and check valve 20 are pre-installed. For guaranteed passage of the entire volume of water through the backfill, water is supplied from top to bottom. Water penetrates through all layers of the filtering backfill, for example, layers 8, 9 and 10, after which it penetrates through a horizontal supporting perforated diaphragm 7. Purified and mineralized water from the receiving compartment of tower 2 through overflow windows 13 by gravity overflows into the clean water tank 1. Completely filling to its maximum mark, pure water through the overflow openings 12 fills the sump 5, from which it flows by gravity through the intake funnel through the pipe 17 to the consumer (or to another tank).

 The funnel 14 and the pipe 15 are designed to drain water from the tank 1 (for example, if it is necessary to repair or clean the tank).

Unlike the prototype, the proposed invention eliminates the above disadvantages, because:
1) it allows in large volumes to effectively purify water from a wide variety of harmful substances and adjust its composition according to macro- and microelements, choosing for this the appropriate composition of the filtering backfill (depending on the specific requirements for water treatment); water acquires the biological activity characteristic of natural spring water;
2) allows you to use cheaper natural minerals and rocks as a filtering bed, on the basis of which you can simulate the natural processes of water self-purification (it is possible to select the thickness of individual layers of the bed about the same as that found in natural conditions);
3) the proposed scheme of the movement of water flows and the presence of a circulation tower inside the tank eliminates the possibility of the formation of stagnant zones of water inside the structure.

 Economic indicators of the filtering bed recommended for use in the tank according to the invention: the main component - crushed schungite rock (shungite III) is mined in Karelia JSC "Carbon-shungite", the selling price is 250 US dollars per ton. For comparison, the price of 1 ton of activated carbon, the cheapest and widely used material for water treatment, is $ 3,000 per ton.

 Explored in Russia reserves of schungite rocks suitable for water treatment amount to about 300 million tons. And the cost of other loading components - glauconite limestone and granite chips compared to shungite is 5 times lower. Their reserves in the Russian Federation amount to hundreds of millions of tons.

Sources of information
1. The state of the environment of the North-Western and Northern regions of Russia. - St. Petersburg: "Science", 1995, p.135.

 2. Application for invention N 53-63566 dated 05/26/78, MKI4 C 02 F 1/68, 1/00, Japan, "Water treatment plant".

 3. Application for the invention N 93041219/26 from 08.16.93, MKI6 C 02 F 1/64, "Device for water purification".

 4. RF patent N 2052391, MKI6 C 02 F 1/62, "Method for wastewater treatment and device for its implementation."

 5. Application for invention N 93019832/26 from 04/14/93, MKI C 02 F 1/24, "Contact tank".

 6. PCT (WO), C 02 F 1/42, UDC 628.33, International application N 84.03881, "Method for water purification", Bull. N 24 from 11/10/84

 7. Application for invention N 2-265685, MKI5 C 02 F 1/28, B 01 D 21/01, C 02 F 1/42, "Method for improving the quality of water treatment and material for such processing."

 8. RF patent N 2049070, MKI6 C 02 F 1/18, "Device for cleaning and conditioning water."

 9. RF patent N 2056358, MKI6 C 02 F 1/18, "Device for cleaning and conditioning water."

 10. RF patent N 2027828, MKI6 E 03 11/02, "The system of reservoirs of daily supply of drinking water."

Claims (1)

 A tank for cleaning and conditioning drinking water, including a coaxial vertical tower equipped with windows for overflowing purified water into the tank and a horizontal supporting perforated diaphragm with a layer of filtering filter on it for cleaning and conditioning the source purified water, the working movement through which is provided from top to bottom, different the tower is divided by an additional horizontal supporting stiffness diaphragm into two parts: an intake pit for purified water, in which submersible pumps or an intake funnel with a pipeline are installed, and a receiving compartment where the source purified water is supplied through the pipeline, and inside of which one or several layers of the specified filling are located directly on the tower bottom or above it on the indicated perforated diaphragm, windows for overflow of purified water from the receiving the compartments in the tank are arranged in a group evenly around the perimeter of the tower walls at the same elevation directly above the bottom of the tank, and an additional - the second group of windows, ednaznachennyh overflow for treated water from the reservoir into the water inlet sump is disposed in its walls at the level of the maximum upper water level in the tank.

Images