WO2019100535A1 - 一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019100535A1
WO2019100535A1 PCT/CN2018/000038 CN2018000038W WO2019100535A1 WO 2019100535 A1 WO2019100535 A1 WO 2019100535A1 CN 2018000038 W CN2018000038 W CN 2018000038W WO 2019100535 A1 WO2019100535 A1 WO 2019100535A1
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parts
bentonite
powder
cat litter
dried
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PCT/CN2018/000038
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈燕蓉
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陈燕蓉
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A01K1/0152—Litter
    • A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of pet supplies, in particular to a bentonite cat litter and a preparation method thereof.
  • Cat litter is the object used by the owner to bury the feces and urine. It has good water absorption and is usually used together with the litter box (or cat toilet) to pour the appropriate amount of cat litter. In the litter box, the trained cat will enter the litter box and drain it when it needs to be drained. The use of cat litter facilitates the cleaning of cat waste and is conducive to the cleanliness of the living environment.
  • the original cat litter is mainly non-condensed cat litter, mainly for the convenience of collection.
  • cat litter there are various types of cat litter, such as wood chip litter, bentonite cat litter, crystal litter, and so on.
  • Wood chip cat litter environmentally friendly adsorption and penetration wall, with better agglomeration and odor absorption function, less odor and low loss, but wood chip cat litter becomes powder after absorbing urine, easy to form dust, and some wood chips
  • the taste cat doesn't like it, it may refuse to use it, and the price is more expensive.
  • Bentonite cat litter is mainly bentonite clay granules, the texture is closer to sandy, bentonite cat litter is relatively fluffy and dry, can quickly absorb the cat's urine, can also absorb the odor of cat excrement, the disadvantage is that the dust is large, light weight, subtle It is easy to stay in the claws of the cat and be taken out.
  • Crystal cat litter is translucent particle beads or some irregular particles. Some brands will incorporate beads of different colors, which have anti-mildew, anti-bacterial and deodorant effects. Crystal cat litter can deodorize strongly, quickly absorb moisture, and has less loss.
  • the disadvantage is that the beads are light and round and easy to be dialed out; many cats are interested in beads and often come out to play. Some cats also eat crystal sand, which is dangerous. When it is close to full absorption but can still be used, Amonia tastes very heavy, and the dust of crystal sand is also very big. Some cats smell new sand. In the case of coughing, do not throw it into the toilet and wash it
  • Chinese Patent No. 201010166940.X discloses a method for producing bentonite cat litter, which uses a calcium-based bentonite ore as a starting point, acidifies and erodes the bentonite sheet by an acidifying agent to greatly increase the specific surface area of the bentonite, and treats the acid with a sodium-based modified agent.
  • Calcium-based bentonite is modified to improve the water absorption and cohesiveness of bentonite.
  • Other additives such as wood flour and diatomaceous earth are added to adjust the density and whiteness of cat litter.
  • granulation, drying and passing The bentonite cat litter is prepared by a process such as sieving, and the bentonite cat litter of the invention is mainly prepared for the purpose of adsorption, and has high requirements on the raw materials of cat litter.
  • Chinese patent 201410774151.2 discloses a modified bentonite cat litter and a preparation method thereof.
  • the cat litter of the invention is made of the following raw materials by weight: bentonite 30-40, silicon carbide 5-8, blast furnace slag 20-30, crop straw 30 to 40, iron ore powder 5 to 10, camphor wood chips 10 to 15, gelatin powder 3 to 5, binder 4 to 5, and an appropriate amount of water.
  • the invention utilizes carbonized crop straw to modify bentonite to form a bentonite cat litter.
  • the cat litter has the characteristics of fast water absorption, strong odor adsorption, environmental protection and easy handling, and the crop straw used for the raw material helps the environment. improve. Mainly to improve the bonding effect of cat litter and improve the air effect.
  • the invention provides a bentonite cat litter and a preparation method thereof.
  • the bentonite cat litter has strong water absorption effect, good deodorizing and sterilizing effect, natural pollution-free, can be buried as an organic fertilizer, and has high utilization rate.
  • the invention is realized as follows: a bentonite cat litter, the components of the bentonite litter and the weight ratio thereof are: 70-80 parts of bentonite powder, 35-45 parts of tourmaline powder, 35-45 parts of nano-TiO 2 powder 30-45 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 20-25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 10-15 parts of camphor leaves, 10-15 parts of dense flowers, 15-20 parts of sable, 10-15 parts of lanterns, bitter skin 8 to 12 parts of vine, 15 to 18 parts of sputum, 20 to 25 parts of water, and 2 to 3 parts of food coloring.
  • the bentonite powder, tourmaline powder, nano TiO 2 powder, hydroxyapatite powder, and bamboo charcoal powder have a particle size of 240 mesh.
  • the food coloring matter is one or a combination of one of amaranth, carmine, erythrosine, neo-red, tartrazine, sunset yellow, indigo, and brilliant blue.
  • a method for preparing bentonite cat litter comprising:
  • Bentonite modification 70-80 parts of bentonite powder and 120-150 parts of ultrapure water are used to prepare a bentonite suspension, which is uniformly stirred on a magnetic stirrer, and then anhydrous sodium carbonate is added to the bentonite suspension.
  • Formulated into a 20% slurry the slurry is placed in a water bath to heat and stir the reaction, the heating temperature is 75-80 ° C, the stirring speed is 20 ⁇ 40r / min, the stirring time is 60 ⁇ 90min, centrifugal washing, drying and high temperature Calcination, calcination temperature is 200 ⁇ 300 ° C, after roasting, put into a ball mill for grinding and pulverization, that is, modified bentonite powder;
  • the cat litter prepared in (4) is dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 to 90 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle diameter that does not conform to the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • the technical principle of the present invention is that the present invention prepares cat litter by compounding bentonite as a base material and other substances. Since the raw material bentonite is mostly calcium-based bentonite, the calcium-based bentonite has no strong sodium-based bentonite such as water absorption, swelling, plasticity and thermal stability, and it is necessary to modify the raw material bentonite to improve the utilization value of the bentonite.
  • the raw material bentonite is modified by sodium
  • the calcium-based bentonite contained in the raw material is modified into sodium-based bentonite
  • the layer spacing between the bentonite crystal layers is improved
  • the water absorption rate and expansion ratio of the bentonite are improved
  • the ion exchange amount is improved, thereby improving
  • Use Na 2 CO 3 which is cheaper, has a wide range of sources and is easy to remove during the modification process, and has good sodiumation effect as a sodiuming agent.
  • the magnetic stirrer is used to disperse the bentonite in ultrapure water, which is beneficial to sodium Na 2 CO 3 .
  • the agent is in full contact with the bentonite.
  • Na + Na + concentration is too high ionization rate, high electric potential, active and strong, so that the original has reached the balance of Na + and Ca 2+ exchange damaged state, but excessive Na +
  • the quality of the modified sodium bentonite is lowered, which affects the sodiumation effect.
  • the heating of the water bath can make the reaction material heat evenly, and the temperature can be well controlled without causing bumping. At the temperature of 75-80 °C, the sodiumation effect can be improved.
  • the sodium bentonite modified bentonite is calcined at a high temperature, so that the bentonite loses the combined water in the surface water, hydrated water and structural skeleton, and reduces the adsorption resistance of the water film to the pollutants; part of it is located in the bentonite channel and the void.
  • the impurities are taken away together with the lost moisture, the channels and voids are opened, and the adsorption properties of the bentonite are changed.
  • the calcination temperature is 250-300 ° C, which does not cause the bentonite to undergo phase transformation, and does not destroy the bentonite skeleton structure, so that The specific surface area is maximized.
  • the pulverization is carried out to increase the surface area of the bentonite and increase the adsorption site, and the effect of the water absorption of the bentonite is stronger.
  • Tourmaline has a permanent charging function, so it has good antibacterial, sterilization, deodorization and other functions; the hydroxyl ions produced by tourmaline can also eliminate pet odor and keep the air fresh; nano TiO 2 has excellent photocatalytic activity It has the characteristics of non-toxic, light-resistant chemical corrosion and no secondary pollution. It can impart long-lasting and long-lasting antibacterial and bactericidal ability to the product; bentonite has the advantages of large specific surface area, many pores and stable nature.
  • the combination of bentonite, tourmaline and nano-TiO 2 can make the nano-TiO 2 crystals evenly distributed, solve the defects of difficult recovery and easy agglomeration of nano-TiO 2 , improve the dispersion performance of tourmaline and enhance the comprehensive performance of tourmaline.
  • the environmental properties of tourmaline particles such as natural electrode polarity, infrared radiation and release of negative ions, are combined with the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO 2 to improve the catalytic efficiency of TiO 2 .
  • Bentonite can adsorb the odorous substance in the cat living room
  • electrical Stone and nano-TiO 2 can decompose the odorous substances and pollutants in the pores of bentonite, can fundamentally eliminate the odor generated in the cat living room, and can also absorb the urine and excrement produced by the cat, and the cat litter after adsorption. It can be formed into a group, and the new cat litter can be removed and the cat litter can be buried as organic fertilizer. After keeping the environment of the cat living room clean, the resources can be effectively utilized.
  • Hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility, good ion exchange performance and adsorption capacity, and it has good adsorption and fixation effect on most heavy metal ions, anions and organic pollutants.
  • bamboo charcoal powder has loose porous structure and its molecular Fine and porous, hard texture; strong adsorption capacity, can purify the air, eliminate odor, moisture and mildew, bacteriostatic and insect repellent.
  • Compounding bentonite, tourmaline, nano-TiO 2 , hydroxyapatite and bamboo charcoal powder can improve the particle dispersion of hydroxyapatite and reduce the agglomeration problem, improve the interfacial compatibility, and make hydroxyapatite better.
  • Adsorption capacity is adsorption capacity.
  • bamboo charcoal contains adsorption pores, but the number of pores is not enough, the pore diameter is not large enough, and the ability to adsorb odorous substances is not strong enough.
  • the adsorption pores of cat litter can be greatly increased, and the entire cat litter can be expanded, not only to make cats The sand's ability to remove the adsorption capacity is enhanced, and the amount of litter can be reduced when the same adsorption removal effect is achieved.
  • the citron leaves have the functions of pain relief, antibacterial and deworming; the dense flowers have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and can also play the role of dispelling wind and clearing heat, nourishing the liver and improving eyesight, and removing phlegm; Removes stench; Lantern grass has the effect of clearing heat and reducing fire, reducing inflammation and removing poison, and can also treat hemorrhoids; it has the effect of killing insects, removing moisture and relieving itching; bitter peel is a powerful insecticide that can kill insects in the environment. class.
  • the function of cat litter is enhanced, and the odor of urine and excrement can be absorbed quickly and efficiently. It can also play an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal and other effects, and promote the health of cats.
  • These plant materials come from a wide range of sources, are adaptable and easy to obtain, and can significantly reduce the cost of cat litter.
  • the raw materials used in the present invention do not pose any harm to the environment and the human body.
  • the deodorant raw material of the invention is rich in source, green and safe, can be widely used, has long service life, and the used cat litter can be used as organic fertilizer to bury, improve soil structure and increase soil permeability.
  • the deodorant prepared has no chemical added, is safe and hygienic, and has good water absorption effect, and the deodorizing and sterilizing effect is remarkable.
  • Bentonite modification Take 78 parts of bentonite powder and 120 parts of ultrapure water to prepare bentonite suspension, stir evenly on magnetic stirrer, then weigh anhydrous sodium carbonate and add it to bentonite suspension to prepare 20% slurry.
  • the slurry is placed in a water bath and heated and stirred.
  • the heating temperature is 76 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 20 r / min
  • the stirring time is 85 min
  • the mixture is washed by centrifugation, dried and then calcined at a high temperature
  • the calcination temperature is 250 ° C
  • calcined and placed in a ball mill The grinding and pulverization is carried out to obtain a modified bentonite powder.
  • the modified bentonite powder was placed in the reaction kettle, adding 45 parts of tourmaline powder, 42 parts of nano-TiO 2 powder, 35 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 25 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, adding 53 parts of glycerol, stirring and mixing Evenly, the temperature was raised to 270 ° C for oil bath reaction for 1.8 h, stirred once every 0.5 h, after the oil bath, allowed to stand, the supernatant was decanted, washed with ultrapure water, dried and placed in a ball mill. Grinding is prepared into a nanocomposite.
  • Pretreatment of plant raw materials 15 parts of dried citron leaves, 11 parts of scented flowers, 13 parts of sable, 14 parts of sylvestris, 11 parts of scutellaria, and 17 parts of sorghum were ground and pulverized into 230 mesh mixed powder. .
  • the prepared cat litter is dried in an oven at a temperature of 80 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle size that does not meet the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • Bentonite modification Take 70 parts of bentonite powder and 150 parts of ultrapure water to prepare bentonite suspension, stir evenly on magnetic stirrer, then weigh anhydrous sodium carbonate and add it to bentonite suspension to prepare 20% slurry.
  • the slurry is placed in a water bath and heated and stirred.
  • the heating temperature is 78 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 25 r / min
  • the stirring time is 60 min
  • the mixture is washed by centrifugation, dried and then calcined at a high temperature.
  • the calcination temperature is 200 ° C, and calcined and placed in a ball mill.
  • the grinding and pulverization is carried out to obtain a modified bentonite powder.
  • the modified bentonite powder was placed in the reaction kettle, adding 35 parts of tourmaline powder, 45 parts of nano-TiO 2 powder, 38 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 24 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, adding 51 parts of glycerol, stirring and mixing Evenly, the temperature is raised to 300 ° C for oil bath reaction for 2.0 h, stirring once every 0.5 h, after standing in the oil bath, the supernatant is decanted, washed with ultrapure water, dried and placed in a ball mill. Grinding is prepared into a nanocomposite.
  • Pretreatment of plant raw materials 10 parts of dried citron leaves, 15 parts of scented flowers, 12 parts of sable, 13 parts of sylvestris, 12 parts of scutellaria, 15 parts of sorghum, ground and pulverized into 240 mesh mixed powder .
  • the prepared cat litter is dried in an oven at a temperature of 90 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle size that does not conform to the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • Bentonite modification 80 parts of bentonite powder and 125 parts of ultrapure water were prepared into a bentonite suspension, stirred evenly on a magnetic stirrer, and then anhydrous sodium carbonate was added to the bentonite suspension to prepare a 20% slurry.
  • the slurry is placed in a water bath and heated and stirred. The heating temperature is 79 ° C, the stirring speed is 35 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, the mixture is centrifuged, dried, and then calcined at a high temperature. The calcination temperature is 280 ° C. After roasting, it is placed in a ball mill. The grinding and pulverization is carried out to obtain a modified bentonite powder.
  • the modified bentonite powder was placed in the reaction kettle, adding 38 parts of tourmaline powder, 35 parts of nano TiO 2 powder, 42 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 22 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, adding 50 parts of glycerol, stirring and mixing Evenly, the temperature was raised to 250 ° C for oil bath reaction for 1.9 h, stirred once every 0.5 h, after the oil bath, allowed to stand, the supernatant was decanted, washed with ultrapure water, dried and placed in a ball mill. Grinding is prepared into a nanocomposite.
  • Pretreatment of plant raw materials 12 parts of dried camphor leaves, 10 parts of scented flowers, 15 parts of sable, 11 parts of sylvestris, 8 parts of scutellaria, 15 parts of sorghum, ground and pulverized into 200 mesh mixed powder .
  • the prepared cat litter is dried in an oven at a temperature of 85 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle size that does not conform to the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • Bentonite modification Take 75 parts of bentonite powder and 130 parts of ultrapure water to prepare bentonite suspension, stir evenly on magnetic stirrer, then weigh anhydrous sodium carbonate and add it to bentonite suspension to prepare 20% slurry.
  • the slurry is placed in a water bath and heated and stirred.
  • the heating temperature is 75 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 30 r / min
  • the stirring time is 80 min
  • the mixture is washed by centrifugation, dried and then calcined at a high temperature
  • the calcination temperature is 300 ° C
  • calcined and placed in a ball mill The grinding and pulverization is carried out to obtain a modified bentonite powder.
  • the modified bentonite powder was placed in the reaction kettle, adding 40 parts of tourmaline powder, 38 parts of nano TiO 2 powder, 45 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 20 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, adding 55 parts of glycerol, stirring and mixing Evenly, the temperature is raised to 260 ° C for oil bath reaction for 1.8 h, stirred once every 0.5 h, after the oil bath, stand still, pour out the supernatant, then wash with ultrapure water, dry and put into a ball mill Grinding is prepared into a nanocomposite.
  • Pretreatment of plant raw materials 14 parts of dried citron leaves, 13 parts of scented flowers, 10 parts of sable, 15 parts of comfrey, 10 parts of scutellaria, and 18 parts of sorghum were ground and pulverized into 210 mesh mixed powder. .
  • the prepared cat litter is dried in an oven at a temperature of 82 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle size that does not meet the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • Bentonite modification Take 73 parts of bentonite powder and 140 parts of ultrapure water to prepare bentonite suspension, stir evenly on magnetic stirrer, then weigh anhydrous sodium carbonate and add it to bentonite suspension to prepare 20% slurry.
  • the slurry is placed in a water bath and heated and stirred.
  • the heating temperature is 80 ° C
  • the stirring speed is 40 r / min
  • the stirring time is 75 min
  • the mixture is washed by centrifugation, dried and then calcined at a high temperature.
  • the calcination temperature is 220 ° C. After roasting, it is placed in a ball mill. The grinding and pulverization is carried out to obtain a modified bentonite powder.
  • the modified bentonite powder was placed in the reaction kettle, adding 42 parts of tourmaline powder, 40 parts of nano TiO 2 powder, 30 parts of hydroxyapatite powder, 23 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, adding 54 parts of glycerol, stirring and mixing Evenly, the temperature was raised to 280 ° C for oil bath reaction for 2.0 h, stirred once every 0.5 h, left to stand after the oil bath, the supernatant was decanted, washed with ultrapure water, dried and placed in a ball mill. Grinding is prepared into a nanocomposite.
  • Pretreatment of plant raw materials 13 parts of dried camphor leaves, 12 parts of scented flowers, 14 parts of sable, 10 parts of sylvestris, 9 parts of scutellaria, and 16 parts of sorghum were ground and pulverized into 220 mesh mixed powder. .
  • the prepared cat litter is dried in an oven at a temperature of 87 ° C, dried and sieved to remove particles having a particle size that does not conform to the standard, thereby obtaining bentonite cat litter.
  • the cat litter prepared in the examples of the present invention and the commercially available cat litter were subjected to an experimental test, and the same amount of the cat litter of the example and the comparative example was poured into the litter box.
  • 50 ml of physiological saline containing 1 g/100 ml of urea was poured over it, and the time required for agglomeration time and complete absorption of water was tested. After the agglomeration, the litter group was removed and observed to be broken.
  • Bottom leak test flatten the bentonite cat litter into the litter box, the thickness is fixed at 20 cm, and use 25 ml of 1% saline to drop evenly within 30 seconds at a height of 30 cm from the litter (at a fixed point) Drop down), check if the cat litter is leaking after 60 seconds (ie check the bottom of the litter box for water marks), and the bottom is qualified.
  • the test results are shown in the table below.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Commercial cat litter Water absorption time (S) 4 3 4 2 5 18 Agglomeration time (S) 5 4 6 3 5 / Agglomeration it is good it is good it is good it is good it is good it is good Not in a group Scattered situation Not broken Not broken Not broken Not broken Not broken Not broken Not broken Not broken Loose Bottom leak test qualified qualified qualified qualified qualified qualified qualified qualified
  • the bentonite cat litter of the present invention has good water absorption performance, rapid water absorption, agglomeration, not easy to be broken, and various properties are good.
  • the invention is accumulated through long-term work experience of a plurality of pet product processing personnel, and is created through creative labor.
  • the bentonite cat litter of the invention is safe, healthy, non-polluting, has good water absorption effect, has remarkable sterilization and deodorizing effect, and can be widely applied. It has a profound impact on the deep processing of bentonite.

Abstract

一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法。该膨润土猫砂各组分及其重量份数比为：膨润土粉70～80份、电气石粉35～45份、纳米TiO2粉35～45份、羟基磷灰石粉30～45份、竹炭粉20～25份、香樟叶10～15份、蒙密花10～15份、紫萁15～20份、灯笼草10～15份、苦皮藤8～12份、萹蓄15～18份、水20～25份、食用色素2～3份。该膨润土猫砂吸水效果强，除臭杀菌效果好，天然无污染，能够作为有机肥料进行掩埋，利用率高。

Description

一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于宠物用品领域，具体说是一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法。
背景技术
猫砂是饲主为其饲养的猫用来掩埋粪便和尿液的物体，有较好的吸水性，一般会与猫砂盆(或称猫厕所)一并使用，将适量的猫砂倒于猫砂盆内，受过训练的猫当需要排泄时便会走进猫砂盆内排泄于其上面。猫砂的使用便于清洁猫排泄物，有利于生活环境的清洁卫生。
最初的猫砂主要是不凝结猫砂为主，主要是为了收集方便，随着猫砂技术的不断进步，出现形形色色的猫砂，如木屑猫砂、膨润土猫砂、水晶猫砂、等。木屑猫砂环保吸附力和渗透力墙，具有比较好的结团和吸味功能，异味少，损耗低，但是木屑猫砂在吸收尿液后变成粉末状，易形成粉尘，且有些木屑的味道猫不喜欢，可能会拒绝使用，同时价格比较昂贵。膨润土猫砂成分主要是膨润土粘土颗粒，质地更接近于沙质，膨润土猫砂比较蓬松干爽，能够迅速吸收猫的尿液，还能够吸收猫排泄物的异味，缺点是粉尘大，重量轻，细微，容易留在猫咪的爪缝中被带出。水晶猫砂是半透明的颗粒珠珠或是一些不规则颗粒，有些品牌会掺入不同颜色的珠子，功效有防霉、抗菌、除臭等。水晶猫砂可以强力除臭，快速吸湿，且损耗少，缺点是珠子又轻又圆很容易被拨出来；很多猫咪对珠珠感兴趣，常会弄出来玩。有的猫咪还会把水晶砂吃掉，比较危险，接近吸收饱满但还能使用时，阿摩尼亚味道很重，且水晶砂的粉尘也是很大，有的猫咪闻到新换的砂会发生咳嗽的情况，不可丢入马桶冲掉。
中国专利201010166940.X公开了一种膨润土猫砂的生产方法，该发明以钙基膨润土原矿为起点，利用酸化剂酸化腐蚀膨润土片层使膨润土比表面积大大增加，使用钠化改型剂对酸处理钙基膨润土进行钠化改型以提高膨润土的吸水率和粘结性，加入其它添加物如木粉、硅藻土等调节猫砂的密度、白度等指标，最后经过造粒、干燥、过筛等工序制成膨润土猫砂，该发明的膨润土猫砂主要以吸附效果为目的进行制备，对猫砂原料要求高。
中国专利201410774151.2公开了一种改性膨润土猫砂及其制备方法，该发明的猫砂由以下重量份的原料制成：膨润土30～40、碳化硅5～8、高炉渣20～30、农作物秸秆30～40、铁矿石粉5～10、香樟木屑10～15、明胶粉3～5、粘结剂4～5和适量的水。该发明利用利用炭化的农作物秸秆改性膨润土，制成一种膨润土猫砂，这种猫砂同时兼具吸水快、吸附异味能力强、环保、易于处理等特点，原料采用的农作物秸秆有助环境改善。主要是改善猫砂的粘结效果和改善空气效果。
现有的猫砂中，大多数的猫砂注重于吸水效果，不太注重猫咪起居室的杀菌除臭的问题，且使用过的猫砂材料大多数直接当垃圾丢掉，不能再次利用。
发明内容
本发明提供一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法，该膨润土猫砂吸水效果强，除臭杀菌效果好，天然无污染，能够作为有机肥料进行掩埋，利用率高。
本发明是这样实现的：一种膨润土猫砂，该膨润土猫砂各组分及其重量份数比为：膨润土粉70～80份、电气石粉35～45份、纳米TiO 2粉35～45份、羟基磷灰石粉30～45份、竹炭粉20～25份、香樟叶10～15份、蒙密花10～15份、紫萁15～20份、灯笼草10～15份、苦皮藤8～12份、萹蓄15～18份、水20～25份、食用色素2～3份。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的膨润土粉、电气石粉、纳米TiO 2粉、羟基磷灰石粉、竹炭粉的粒径大小为240目。
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述的食用色素为苋菜红、胭脂红、赤藓红、新红、柠檬黄、日落黄、靛蓝、亮蓝中的一种或一种以上的组合。
一种制备膨润土猫砂的方法，制备方法步骤包括：
(1)膨润土改性：取70～80份膨润土粉和120～150份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为75～80℃，搅拌速度为20～40r/min，搅拌时间为60～90min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为200～300℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末；
(2)制备复合材料：取(2)得到的改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉35～45份、纳米TiO 2粉35～45份、羟基磷灰石粉30～45份、竹炭粉20～25份，加入丙三醇50～55份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到250～300℃下进行油浴反应1.8～2.0h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料；
(3)植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶10～15份、蒙密花10～15份、紫萁15～20份、灯笼草10～15份、苦皮藤8～12份、萹蓄15～18份进行研磨粉碎成200～240目的混合粉末；
(4)物料的混合：取食用色素2～3份、(3)制备得到的混合粉末加入到(2)制备得到的纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水20～25份，置于造粒机中制成粒径4～6mm，长度6～8mm的猫砂；
(5)将(4)制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为80～90℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径 不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
本发明的技术原理是：本发明以膨润土为基础材料和其他物质进行复配来制备猫砂。由于原材料膨润土中多为钙基膨润土，钙基膨润土吸水性、膨胀性、可塑性、热稳定性等没有钠基膨润土强，需要对原料膨润土进行改性，提高膨润土的利用价值。首先对原料膨润土进行钠化改性，将原料中含有的钙基膨润土改性为钠基膨润土，提高膨润土晶层之间的层距，改善膨润土吸水率和膨胀倍数，提高离子交换量，从而改善膨润土的吸附效果。使用价格较低、来源广泛且在改性过程中易除去、钠化效果好的Na 2CO 3作为钠化剂，采用磁力搅拌机使膨润土在超纯水中分散均匀，有利于Na 2CO 3钠化剂与膨润土充分接触。配制成20％的浆液，提供合适的游离Na +浓度，有利于Na +与Ca 2+交换反应，促使钠化反应向正方向移动，有利于钠化反应的进行，同时有利于后期的干燥。若浆液的浓度再提高，Na +浓度过高时Na +电离率大，电动电位高，活动性强，使原来已达到平衡的Na +与Ca 2+交换状态受到破坏，过多的Na +反而使改性钠基膨润土质量下降，影响钠化效果。水浴锅加热可以使反应物料受热均匀，且温度可以较好地控制，且不会导致暴沸的现象。在75～80℃的温度时能够改善钠化效果，钠化后膨润土的膨胀容和胶质价均逐渐提高，过高的温度会加剧离子运动，破坏钠离子与钙镁离子的交换平衡，使钠化效果变差。经过钠化改性后的膨润土进行高温焙烧，可以使膨润土先后失去表面水、水化水和结构骨架中的结合水，减小水膜对污染物质的吸附阻力；部分位于膨润土通道和空隙中的杂质，同丧失的水分一起被带走，通道和空隙被打开，从而使膨润土吸附性能发生变化，焙烧温度在250～300℃，不会使膨润土发生相变，不会破坏膨润土骨架结构，使其比表面积达到最大。焙烧后再进行粉碎，使膨润土表面积增加，增加吸附作用位点，膨润土吸水作用效果更强。
电气石具有永久的带电功能，所以具有良好的抗菌、灭菌、除臭等功能；电气石产生的羟基离子还能祛除宠物各种异味，保持空气的新鲜；纳米TiO 2具有优异的光催化活性，且具有无毒、耐光化学腐蚀、无二次污染的特点，它可以赋予制品持久、长效的抗菌杀菌能力；膨润土具有比表面积大，孔隙多，性质稳定的优点。将膨润土、电气石、纳米TiO 2进行复合，可以使纳米TiO 2晶体分布均匀，解决纳米TiO 2难回收、易团聚等缺点，同时提高电气石的分散性能，增强电气石的综合性能。在复合材料中电气石微粒的天然电极性、红外辐射及释放负离子等环境功能属性与纳米TiO 2光催化活性有机结合，提高TiO 2的催化效率，膨润土可以吸附猫咪起居室的臭味物质，电气石和纳米TiO 2可以将膨润土孔隙中的臭味物质以及污染物进行分解，能够从根本上消除猫咪起居室中产生的臭味，还能够吸附猫咪产生的尿液和排泄 物，吸附后的猫砂可以结成团，清除掉换上新的猫砂，结成团的猫砂可以作有机肥进行掩埋，在保持猫咪起居室环境的干净卫生后，还能够对资源进行有效利用。
羟基磷灰石生物相容性良好，同时具有优良的离子交换性能以及吸附能力使其对大多数重金属离子、阴离子以及有机污染物具有良好的吸附固定作用；竹炭粉具有疏松多孔的结构，其分子细密多孔，质地坚硬；有很强的吸附能力，能净化空气、消除异味、吸湿防霉、抑菌驱虫。将膨润土、电气石、纳米TiO 2、羟基磷灰石、竹炭粉进行复配，可以提高羟基磷灰石的颗粒分散度减少团聚问题，提高界面相容性，使羟基磷灰石拥有更好的吸附能力。竹炭含有吸附孔，但是孔数不够多，孔径不够大，吸附臭味物质的能力不够强，通过复配，可以使猫砂的吸附孔大大增多，对整个猫砂有膨胀作用，不仅可以使猫砂的吸附能力清除能力增强，还可以在达到相同吸附清除效果时减少猫砂的用量。
加入的植物原料中，香樟叶具有止痛、抗菌、驱蠕的作用；蒙密花具有抗菌、消炎的作用，还能起到疏风清热、养肝明目、退翳的作用；紫萁能够去除恶臭；灯笼草有清热降火、消炎拔毒之效，还能治疗痔疮；萹蓄具有杀虫除湿止痒的作用；苦皮藤是一种强力杀虫剂，可以杀死环境中的虫类。通过植物原料的加入增强了猫砂的功能，能够高效快速吸收尿液及排泄物恶臭味的，还能够起到抗菌、消炎、杀虫等作用，对猫咪身体健康有促进作用。这些植物原料来源广泛，适生性强，易于得到，能够大幅度降低猫砂的成本。
本发明具备以下良好效果：
1.本发明采用的原材料，对于环境和人体没有任何危害。
2.本发明的除臭剂原料来源丰富、绿色安全，可广泛使用，使用寿命长，用过后的猫砂可以作为有机肥料掩埋，改善土壤结构，增加土壤透气性。
3.制得的除臭剂不添加化学药剂，安全、卫生，而且吸水效果好，除臭杀菌效果显著。
4.将膨润土进行开发，为我区膨润土矿深加工提供了技术支持，拓宽了膨润土的应用价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例描述本发明一种膨润土猫砂及其制备方法，这些描述并不是对本发明内容作进一步的限定。
实施例1
膨润土改性：取78份膨润土粉和120份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅 中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为76℃，搅拌速度为20r/min，搅拌时间为85min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为250℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末。
制备复合材料：取改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉45份、纳米TiO 2粉42份、羟基磷灰石粉35份、竹炭粉25份，加入丙三醇53份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到270℃下进行油浴反应1.8h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料。
植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶15份、蒙密花11份、紫萁13份、灯笼草14份、苦皮藤11份、萹蓄17份进行研磨粉碎成230目的混合粉末。
物料的混合：取食用色素2份、混合粉末、纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水24份，置于造粒机中制成粒径4mm，长度8mm的猫砂；
将制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为80℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
实施例2
膨润土改性：取70份膨润土粉和150份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为78℃，搅拌速度为25r/min，搅拌时间为60min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为200℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末。
制备复合材料：取改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉35份、纳米TiO 2粉45份、羟基磷灰石粉38份、竹炭粉24份，加入丙三醇51份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到300℃下进行油浴反应2.0h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料。
植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶10份、蒙密花15份、紫萁12份、灯笼草13份、苦皮藤12份、萹蓄15份进行研磨粉碎成240目的混合粉末。
物料的混合：取食用色素2.5份、混合粉末、纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水20份，置于造粒机中制成粒径5mm，长度6mm的猫砂；
将制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为90℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
实施例3
膨润土改性：取80份膨润土粉和125份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为79℃，搅拌速度为35r/min，搅拌时间为90min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为280℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末。
制备复合材料：取改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉38份、纳米TiO 2粉35份、羟基磷灰石粉42份、竹炭粉22份，加入丙三醇50份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到250℃下进行油浴反应1.9h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料。
植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶12份、蒙密花10份、紫萁15份、灯笼草11份、苦皮藤8份、萹蓄15份进行研磨粉碎成200目的混合粉末。
物料的混合：取食用色素3份、混合粉末、纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水22份，置于造粒机中制成粒径6mm，长度7mm的猫砂；
将制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为85℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
实施例4
膨润土改性：取75份膨润土粉和130份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为75℃，搅拌速度为30r/min，搅拌时间为80min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为300℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末。
制备复合材料：取改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉40份、纳米TiO 2粉38份、羟基磷灰石粉45份、竹炭粉20份，加入丙三醇55份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到260℃下进行油浴反应1.8h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料。
植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶14份、蒙密花13份、紫萁10份、灯笼草15份、苦皮藤10份、萹蓄18份进行研磨粉碎成210目的混合粉末。
物料的混合：取食用色素2.5份、混合粉末、纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水 25份，置于造粒机中制成粒径5mm，长度6mm的猫砂；
将制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为82℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
实施例5
膨润土改性：取73份膨润土粉和140份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为80℃，搅拌速度为40r/min，搅拌时间为75min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为220℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末。
制备复合材料：取改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉42份、纳米TiO 2粉40份、羟基磷灰石粉30份、竹炭粉23份，加入丙三醇54份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到280℃下进行油浴反应2.0h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料。
植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶13份、蒙密花12份、紫萁14份、灯笼草10份、苦皮藤9份、萹蓄16份进行研磨粉碎成220目的混合粉末。
物料的混合：取食用色素2份、混合粉末、纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水23份，置于造粒机中制成粒径6mm，长度8mm的猫砂；
将制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为87℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
为了验证本发明制备得到的膨润土猫砂的性能，将本发明实施例制备得到的猫砂和市售的猫砂进行实验测试，将相同量的实施例及对比例的猫砂倒入猫砂盆中，在其上方倾倒50ml含1g/100ml尿素的生理盐水，测试其结团时间及完全吸收水分所需要的时间，结团后将猫砂团铲除，观察其散碎情况。漏底实验：将膨润土猫砂平铺到猫砂盒中，厚度固定为20厘米，用25毫升1％的盐水在距猫砂30厘米的高度处在30秒内均匀的下滴(在固定点下滴)，滴完60秒后检查猫砂是否漏底(即检查猫砂盒底部是否有水迹)，不漏底即为合格。测试结果如下表所示。
表1膨润土猫砂各项性能指标
  实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 市售猫砂
吸水时间(S) 4 3 4 2 5 18
结团时间(S) 5 4 6 3 5 /
结团性 好 好 好 好 好 不结团
散碎情况 不碎 不碎 不碎 不碎 不碎 松散
漏底实验 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格
根据以上实验可知，本发明的膨润土猫砂具有良好的吸水性能，吸水迅速，结团块，不易散碎，各项性能好。
本发明上述实施例方案仅是对本发明的说明而不能限制本发明，权利要求中指出了本发明产品组成成分、成分比例、制备方法参数的范围，而上述的说明并未指出本发明参数的范围，因此，在与本发明的权利要求书相当的含义和范围内的任何改变，都应当认为是包括在权利要求书的范围内。
本发明是经过多位宠物用品加工人员长期工作经验积累，并通过创造性劳动创作而出，本发明的膨润土猫砂绿色安全健康、无污染，吸水效果好，杀菌除臭效果显著，能够广泛应用，对于膨润土的深加工具有深远的影响。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种膨润土猫砂，其特征是，该膨润土猫砂各组分及其重量份数比为：膨润土粉70～80份、电气石粉35～45份、纳米TiO 2粉35～45份、羟基磷灰石粉30～45份、竹炭粉20～25份、香樟叶10～15份、蒙密花10～15份、紫萁15～20份、灯笼草10～15份、苦皮藤8～12份、萹蓄15～18份、水20～25份、食用色素2～3份。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膨润土猫砂，其特征是，所述的膨润土粉、电气石粉、纳米TiO 2粉、羟基磷灰石粉、竹炭粉的粒径大小为240目。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种膨润土猫砂，其特征是，所述的食用色素为苋菜红、胭脂红、赤藓红、新红、柠檬黄、日落黄、靛蓝、亮蓝中的一种或一种以上的组合。
  4. 一种制备权利要求1或2所述的膨润土猫砂的方法，其特征是，制备方法步骤包括：
    步骤1)膨润土改性：取70～80份膨润土粉和120～150份超纯水配制成膨润土悬浊液，在磁力搅拌机上搅拌均匀，然后称取无水碳酸钠加入到膨润土悬浊液中配制成20％的浆液，将浆液放入水浴锅中进行加热搅拌反应，加热温度为75～80℃，搅拌速度为20～40r/min，搅拌时间为60～90min，离心洗涤，干燥后进行高温焙烧，焙烧温度为200～300℃，焙烧后放入球磨机进行研磨粉碎，即得改性膨润土粉末；
    步骤2)制备复合材料：取步骤1)得到的改性膨润土粉末置于反应釜中，加入电气石粉35～45份、纳米TiO 2粉35～45份、羟基磷灰石粉30～45份、竹炭粉20～25份，加入丙三醇50～55份，搅拌混合均匀，将温度升到250～300℃下进行油浴反应1.8～2.0h，每隔0.5h搅拌一次，油浴后静置，倒出上清液，再用超纯水洗净，干燥后放入球磨机中进行研磨制备成纳米复合材料；
    步骤3)植物原料的预处理：取经过干燥的香樟叶10～15份、蒙密花10～15份、紫萁15～20份、灯笼草10～15份、苦皮藤8～12份、萹蓄15～18份进行研磨粉碎成200～240目的混合粉末；
    步骤4)物料的混合：取食用色素2～3份、步骤3)制备得到的混合粉末，加入到步骤2)制备得到的纳米复合材料进行搅拌均匀混合，加入水20～25份，置于造粒机中制成粒径4～6mm，长度6～8mm的猫砂；
    步骤5)将步骤4)制备得到的猫砂于烘箱中在温度为80～90℃下烘干，烘干后过筛筛选，去除粒径不符合标准的颗粒，即得膨润土猫砂。
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CN109247246A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2019-01-22 芜湖市鹏磊新材料有限公司 一种猫砂用膨润土的加工方法
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CN113785777B (zh) * 2021-08-20 2022-12-20 南京时光标生物科技有限公司 一种亲水性强结团猫砂及其制备工艺
CN113816654A (zh) * 2021-10-12 2021-12-21 浙江纳巍健康科技有限公司 膨润土基复合猫砂及其制备方法
CN114680048B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-07-07 广东原喵智能科技有限公司 一种猫砂及其制备方法
TWI830675B (zh) * 2023-06-26 2024-01-21 宏瑋醫材股份有限公司 筍殼貓砂製作方法及其筍殼貓砂結構

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