WO2019095965A1 - 一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019095965A1
WO2019095965A1 PCT/CN2018/112118 CN2018112118W WO2019095965A1 WO 2019095965 A1 WO2019095965 A1 WO 2019095965A1 CN 2018112118 W CN2018112118 W CN 2018112118W WO 2019095965 A1 WO2019095965 A1 WO 2019095965A1
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Prior art keywords
flue gas
garbage
cylinder
gas passage
inner cylinder
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PCT/CN2018/112118
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余昭胜
顾文露
吴婕
马晓茜
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华南理工大学
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Priority to RU2020112696A priority Critical patent/RU2742940C1/ru
Publication of WO2019095965A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019095965A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/302—Treating pyrosolids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to garbage disposal, in particular to a high-efficiency and low-pollution rural garbage pyrolysis method and a device thereof.
  • Waste pyrolysis refers to the conversion technology of pyrochemical organic macromolecules into small molecules in the absence of oxidants or limited oxidants. Waste pyrolysis gasification can convert urban domestic waste into gas, liquid and solid which are relatively stable in composition, and has high utilization efficiency, wide utilization range and good economy. From the perspective of pollutant discharge, the incompleteness of direct incineration brings secondary pollution, especially dioxin emissions, while the pyrolysis gasification process is carried out in an oxygen-poor or anoxic atmosphere, in principle. Reduced the production of dioxins.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a high-efficiency and low-pollution rural garbage pyrolysis method and device thereof.
  • the utility model relates to a high-efficiency and low-pollution rural garbage pyrolysis device, which comprises an outer cylinder 4, a middle cylinder 2 and an inner cylinder 1; the outer cylinder 4, the middle cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 1 are sleeved from the outside to the inside, and their axes coincide
  • the inner cylinder 1 is rotatable;
  • the inside of the inner cylinder 1 serves as a first flue gas passage 11, and a cavity formed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 1 and the inner wall of the middle cylinder 2 serves as a garbage pyrolysis chamber 12, and an outer wall of the middle cylinder 2 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 are formed. a cavity as a second flue gas passage 13;
  • the outer peripheral wall surface 1-1 of the inner cylinder 1 is provided with a spiral blade 1-2 for pushing garbage, so that the garbage spirals in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12;
  • the outer peripheral wall surface of the middle cylinder 2 is provided with a spiral guide vane 2-3 for guiding the flow, so that the flue gas flows in the second flue gas passage 13 in accordance with the spiral guide trajectory of the spiral guide vane 2-3.
  • the inner peripheral wall surface of the inner cylinder 1 is spirally distributed with inner fins 1-3 for contacting the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the first flue gas passage 11; the outer peripheral wall surface of the middle cylinder 2
  • the outer fins 2-2 are arranged in a spiral shape, and the outer fins 2-2 are used for contacting the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the second flue gas passage 13;
  • the high-temperature flue gas flows through the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13 and heats the tube walls of the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 2, and the heat is transferred to the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 and heats the garbage therein;
  • the spiral blades 1-2 are pushed and pyrolyzed in the waste pyrolysis chamber 12.
  • One end of the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 communicates with the garbage inlet 2-1 disposed at one end of the middle cylinder 2, and the other end of the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 communicates with the solid residue outlet 2-4 disposed at the other end of the middle cylinder 2;
  • the two ports of the inner cylinder 1 respectively serve as flue gas inlet/outlet of the first flue gas passage 11;
  • the flue gas inlet pipe 3 and the flue gas outlet pipe 5 of the second flue gas passage 13 are respectively disposed on the pipe wall at both ends of the outer cylinder 4;
  • a plurality of product outlet pipes 8 are spaced apart along the length of the pipe wall in the longitudinal direction of the outer cylinder 4; the axis of the product outlet pipe 8 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the axes of the flue gas inlet pipe 3 and the flue gas outlet pipe 5 are parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the rotational kinetic energy of the inner cylinder 1 is provided by a transmission mechanism composed of the electric motor 7 and the conveyor belt 6.
  • An efficient and low-pollution rural waste pyrolysis method comprising the following steps:
  • the inner cylinder 1 rotates according to a preset speed under the driving of the transmission mechanism
  • the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the burner is introduced into the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13, and the high-temperature flue gas flows in the second flue gas passage 13 according to the spiral flow guiding trajectory of the spiral baffle 2-3;
  • the flue gas heats the tube wall of the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 2, and the heat is transferred to the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12;
  • the crushed and dried garbage enters the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 through the garbage inlet 2-1, and the garbage is heated in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 under the push of the spiral blade 1-2, and is separated from the air during the forward process. Gradually pyrolyzed by heat;
  • the pyrolyzed products (hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, alkanes, aromatics, etc.) are supplied to the burner via the product outlet pipe 8, and the combusted flue gas is returned to the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13 , in this cycle; if the heat required for pyrolysis is insufficient, it can be supplemented to the burner with external auxiliary fuel;
  • the solid residue remaining after the pyrolysis of the waste is discharged through the solid residue outlet (2-4) and collected as a building raw material or the like.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
  • the invention mainly comprises an outer cylinder 4, an inner cylinder 2 and an inner cylinder 1; they are sleeved from the outside to the inside, and the inner cylinder 1 is rotatable; the inner cylinder 1 has the inside as a first flue gas passage 11, and the outer cylinder 1 has an outer wall and A cavity formed between the inner walls of the middle cylinder 2 serves as a garbage pyrolysis chamber 12, and a cavity formed between the outer wall of the middle cylinder 2 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 serves as a second flue gas passage 13; the outer peripheral wall surface 1-1 of the inner cylinder 1 is installed There is a spiral blade 1-2 for pushing garbage, so that the garbage spirals in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12; this structure is rationally designed, and the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 is cleverly covered with two high-temperature smokes inside and outside. In the gas passage, and the garbage spirals forward, not only the garbage is heated faster, but also the heat is more uniform, which greatly improves the pyrolysis effect of the garbage.
  • the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13 of the present invention can also pass high-temperature flue gas generated from a similar boiler, and can also function to heat the waste pyrolysis chamber 12 to realize pyrolysis of the waste.
  • the outer peripheral wall surface of the cylinder 2 is provided with a spiral baffle 2-3 for guiding the flow, so that the flue gas flows in the second flue gas passage 13 according to the spiral flow guiding trajectory of the spiral baffle 2-3.
  • the structure greatly increases the stroke of the high-temperature flue gas in the second flue gas passage 13, thereby prolonging the residence time of the high-temperature flue gas therein and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the inner peripheral wall surface of the inner cylinder 1 of the present invention is spirally distributed with inner fins 1-3 for contacting the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the first flue gas passage 11; the outer peripheral wall surface of the middle cylinder 2
  • the outer fins 2-2 are spirally distributed, and the outer fins 2-2 are used to contact the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the second flue gas passage 13; this structure increases the chance of contact between the wall and the high-temperature flue gas, and increases The specific surface area in contact with the flue gas increases the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the crushed and dried garbage enters the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 through the garbage inlet 2-1, and the garbage is heated and advanced in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 under the push of the spiral blade 1-2.
  • the pyrolyzed product is replenished into the burner through the product outlet pipe 8, and the burned flue gas is returned to the first flue gas passage 11 and the second.
  • the flue gas passage 13 is circulated; if the heat required for pyrolysis is insufficient, it can be replenished to the burner with external auxiliary fuel; the solid residue remaining after the pyrolysis of the waste is discharged through the solid residue outlet 2-4 and collected as a building raw material.
  • the pyrolysis process of the invention aims to change the original garbage disposal mode for the purpose of low-cost pyrolysis and energy clean utilization; the garbage pyrolysis is formed under the encirclement of the outer cylinder 4, the middle cylinder 2, the inner cylinder 1 flue gas passage and the like. Under low oxygen or anaerobic conditions, the formation of heavy metal oxides is reduced, thereby reducing the formation and emission of toxic organic substances. Most of the harmful components in the garbage are fixed in the semi-coke, reducing the secondary pollution of the environment;
  • the product of the pyrolysis of the waste in the pyrolysis process of the invention can be burned and reused, on the one hand for generating high temperature flue gas to provide heat to the garbage drying device and the garbage pyrolysis device, and on the other hand for residential life and industrial and agricultural production.
  • the technical means of the invention are simple and easy to operate, have small floor space, high safety factor, good energy saving and emission reduction effect, can be widely applied to rural garbage, and have wide application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-efficiency and low-pollution rural garbage pyrolysis device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the inner cylinder of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the cylinder of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
  • the invention discloses a high-efficiency and low-pollution rural garbage pyrolysis device, which comprises an outer cylinder 4, a middle cylinder 2 and an inner cylinder 1; the outer cylinder 4, the middle cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 1 are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside. Their axes coincide, and the inner cylinder 1 can be rotated;
  • the inside of the inner cylinder 1 serves as a first flue gas passage 11, and a cavity formed between the outer wall of the inner cylinder 1 and the inner wall of the middle cylinder 2 serves as a garbage pyrolysis chamber 12, and an outer wall of the middle cylinder 2 and the inner wall of the outer cylinder 4 are formed. a cavity as a second flue gas passage 13;
  • the outer peripheral wall surface 1-1 of the inner cylinder 1 is provided with a spiral blade 1-2 for pushing garbage, so that the garbage spirals forward in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12; the spiral spiral advance can greatly reduce the forward resistance while being in the garbage
  • the residence time in the pyrolysis chamber is long and the pyrolysis is sufficient.
  • the outer peripheral wall surface of the middle cylinder 2 is provided with a spiral guide vane 2-3 for guiding the flow, so that the flue gas flows in the second flue gas passage 13 in accordance with the spiral guide trajectory of the spiral guide vane 2-3.
  • the spiral baffle 2-3 has a small flow resistance to the flowing high-temperature flue gas, and the spiral structure prolongs the stroke of the high-temperature flue gas and increases the time during which the high-temperature flue gas stays in the second flue gas passage 13.
  • the inner peripheral wall surface of the inner cylinder 1 is spirally distributed with inner fins 1-3 for contacting the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the first flue gas passage 11; the outer peripheral wall surface of the middle cylinder 2
  • the outer fins 2-2 are spirally distributed, and the outer fins 2-2 are used to contact the high-temperature flue gas flowing in the second flue gas passage 13; the inner fins 1-3 and the outer fins 2-2 add high-temperature smoke
  • the heat exchange area between the gas and the wall enhances the disturbance of the flue gas in the inner wall of the channel and enhances the heat transfer effect.
  • the high-temperature flue gas flows through the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13 and heats the tube walls of the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 2, and the heat is transferred to the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 and heats the garbage therein;
  • the spiral blades 1-2 are pushed and pyrolyzed in the waste pyrolysis chamber 12.
  • One end of the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 communicates with the garbage inlet 2-1 provided at one end of the middle cylinder 2, and the other end of the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 communicates with the solid residue outlet 2-4 provided at the other end of the middle cylinder 2.
  • the two ports of the inner cylinder 1 serve as flue gas inlet/outlet ports of the first flue gas passage 11, respectively.
  • the flue gas inlet pipe 3 and the flue gas outlet pipe 5 of the second flue gas passage 13 are respectively disposed on the pipe walls at both ends of the outer cylinder 4.
  • a plurality of product outlet pipes 8 are spaced apart along the length of the pipe wall in the longitudinal direction of the outer cylinder 4; the axis of the product outlet pipe 8 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the axes of the flue gas inlet pipe 3 and the flue gas outlet pipe 5 are parallel to the horizontal plane.
  • the rotational kinetic energy of the inner cylinder 1 is provided by a transmission mechanism composed of the electric motor 7 and the conveyor belt 6.
  • the high temperature flue gas of the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13 of the apparatus may come from the burner, and other equipment for discharging high temperature flue gas.
  • the outer cylinder 4, the middle cylinder 2 and the inner cylinder 1 of the device have a circular cylindrical structure, and the size thereof can be determined according to practical applications.
  • the waste pyrolysis process of the present invention is as follows:
  • the inner cylinder 1 rotates according to a preset speed under the driving of the transmission mechanism
  • the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the burner is introduced into the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage 13, and the high-temperature flue gas flows in the second flue gas passage 13 according to the spiral flow guiding trajectory of the spiral baffle 2-3;
  • the flue gas heats the tube wall of the inner cylinder 1 and the middle cylinder 2, and the heat is transferred to the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12;
  • the crushed and dried garbage enters the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 through the garbage inlet 2-1, and the garbage is heated in the garbage pyrolysis chamber 12 under the push of the spiral blade 1-2, and is separated from the air during the forward process. Gradually pyrolyzed by heat;
  • the pyrolyzed products (such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.) are supplied to the burner through the product outlet pipe 8, and the burned flue gas is returned to the first flue gas passage 11 and the second flue gas passage. 13, in this cycle; if the heat required for pyrolysis is insufficient, it can be supplemented to the burner with external auxiliary fuel;
  • the solid residue remaining after the pyrolysis of the waste is discharged through the solid residue outlet 2-4 and collected as building raw materials or concentrated in a large domestic waste incineration plant to reduce secondary pollution to the environment.
  • the pyrolyzed product can be collected, stored and utilized.
  • the waste pyrolysis device and the horizontal plane may have a slightly inclined angle, so that the garbage inlet is slightly higher than the solid residue outlet. It can make the garbage have the tendency to slide along the wall due to the action of gravity, and promote the advancement of the fine debris that is not pushed by the spiral blade in some gaps.
  • the present invention can be preferably implemented.

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Abstract

一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，包括轴线重合由外至内依次套设的外筒（4）、中筒（2）、内筒（1），内筒（1）可转动，内筒（1）的内部作为第一烟气通道（11），内筒（1）外壁与中筒（2）内壁之间形成的空腔作为垃圾热解腔（12），中筒（2）外壁与外筒（4）内壁之间形成的空腔作为第二烟气通道（13），内筒1的外周壁面（1-1）安装有用于推送垃圾的螺旋叶片（1-2），中筒（2）的外周壁面安装有用于导流的螺旋导流片（2-3），内筒1的内周壁面呈螺旋状分布有内翅片（1-3），中筒2的外周壁面呈螺旋状分布有外翅片（2-2），该装置技术手段简单易行，占地面积小，安全系数高，节能减排效果好。

Description

一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理，尤其涉及一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法及其装置。
背景技术
农村居民的生活生产垃圾的处理一直是一个比较棘手的问题，直接焚烧的处理方式甚至会加重北方的雾霾情况。城市生活垃圾处理技术主要有填埋、堆肥、热处置技术。农村垃圾的处理方式还处于分散丢弃或者焚烧的落后的阶段，一部分垃圾被丢弃在路边，直接暴露于空气中，造成环境脏乱差；一部分垃圾被焚烧，黑烟滚滚，污染大气。
目前，常用的垃圾热处置技术有直接焚烧和热解气化两种。直接焚烧是固态非均相燃烧，存在燃烧不充分、温度分布不均等问题，效率较低。垃圾热解是指在无氧化剂或者有限氧化剂的条件下，通过热化学反应将垃圾中的有机大分子裂解为小分子的燃料物质的转换技术。垃圾热解气化可以将城市生活垃圾转化为成分较为稳定的气、液、固来加以利用，其利用效率高、利用范围广、经济性好。从污染物排放的角度来说，直接焚烧的不充分性带来了二次污染，特别是二噁英的排放，而热解气化过程是在贫氧或缺氧气氛下进行，从原理上减少了二噁英的生成。同时大部分的重金属在热解气化过程中溶入灰渣，减少了排放量。因此，垃圾的热解气化减少了二次污染，比直接焚烧更环保，对资源的利用更充分。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点和不足，提供一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法及其装置。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现：
一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，包括外筒4、中筒2、内筒1；所述外筒4、中筒2和内筒1由外至内依次套设，它们的轴线重合，内筒1可转动；
所述内筒1的内部作为第一烟气通道11，内筒1外壁与中筒2内壁之间形成的空腔作为垃圾热解腔12，中筒2外壁与外筒4内壁之间形成的空腔作为第二烟气通道13；
所述内筒1的外周壁面1-1安装有用于推送垃圾的螺旋叶片1-2，使垃圾在垃圾热解腔12内螺旋前行；
所述中筒2的外周壁面安装有用于导流的螺旋导流片2-3，使烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动。
所述内筒1的内周壁面呈螺旋状分布有内翅片1-3，内翅片1-3用于接触第一烟气通道11内流动高温烟气；所述中筒2的外周壁面呈螺旋状分布有外翅片2-2，外翅片2-2用于接触第二烟气通道13内流动高温烟气；
高温烟气流经第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13并对内筒1和中筒2的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔12并加热其内的垃圾；垃圾在螺旋叶片1-2的推动下在垃圾热解腔12内前行中热解。
所述垃圾热解腔12的一端连通设置在中筒2一端的垃圾入口2-1，垃圾热解腔12的另一端连通设置在中筒2另一端的固体残渣出口2-4；
所述内筒1的两端口分别作为第一烟气通道11的烟气进/出口；
所述第二烟气通道13的烟气进口管3和烟气出口管5分别设置在外筒4两端的管壁上；
沿外筒4长度方向的管壁上间隔分布有多个产物出口管8；产物出口管8 的轴线与水平面垂直，烟气进口管3和烟气出口管5的轴线与水平面平行。
所述内筒1的转动动能由电动机7及传送带6构成的传动机构提供。
一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法，其包括如下步骤：
内筒1在传动机构的带动下按照预设速度旋转；
将燃烧器排出的高温烟气引入第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13，高温烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动；高温烟气对内筒1和中筒2的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔12；
破碎、干燥后的垃圾经垃圾入口2-1进入垃圾热解腔12，垃圾在螺旋叶片1-2的推动下在垃圾热解腔12内加热、前行，在前行过程中与空气隔离，在热量的作用下逐渐热解；
热解后的产物(氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、烷烃和芳香烃等)经产物出口管8补给至燃烧器内，燃烧后的烟气再返送至第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13，以此循环；若热解所需热量不足，可用外部辅助燃料补充至燃烧器；
垃圾热解后剩余的固体残渣经固体残渣出口(2-4)排出后收集，作为建筑原材料或其他。
本发明相对于现有技术，具有如下的优点及效果：
本发明主要由外筒4、中筒2、内筒1构成；它们由外至内依次套设，内筒1可转动；内筒1的内部作为第一烟气通道11，内筒1外壁与中筒2内壁之间形成的空腔作为垃圾热解腔12，中筒2外壁与外筒4内壁之间形成的空腔作为第二烟气通道13；内筒1的外周壁面1-1安装有用于推送垃圾的螺旋叶片1-2，使垃圾在垃圾热解腔12内螺旋前行；这种结构设计合理，巧妙地将垃圾热解腔12包覆在内外两个通高温烟气的烟气通道内，而且垃圾螺旋前行，不仅使垃圾受热速度快，而且受热更加均匀，大大提高了垃圾的热解效果。
本发明的第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13还可通入来自类似锅炉产生的高温烟气，同样可以起到加热垃圾热解腔12的效果，实现垃圾的热解。
本发明中筒2的外周壁面安装有用于导流的螺旋导流片2-3，使烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动，这种结构大大增加了高温烟气在第二烟气通道13的行程，进而延长了高温烟气在其内的停留时间，提高了换热效率。
本发明内筒1的内周壁面呈螺旋状分布有内翅片1-3，内翅片1-3用于接触第一烟气通道11内流动高温烟气；所述中筒2的外周壁面呈螺旋状分布有外翅片2-2，外翅片2-2用于接触第二烟气通道13内流动高温烟气；这种结构增加了壁面与高温烟气的接触机会，增大了与烟气接触的比表面积，提高了传热效率。
本发明热解工艺中，将破碎、干燥后的垃圾经垃圾入口2-1进入垃圾热解腔12，垃圾在螺旋叶片1-2的推动下在垃圾热解腔12内加热、前行，在前行过程中与空气隔离，在热量的作用下逐渐热解；热解后的产物经产物出口管8补给至燃烧器内，燃烧后的烟气再返送至第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13，以此循环；若热解所需热量不足，可用外部辅助燃料补充至燃烧器；垃圾热解后剩余的固体残渣经固体残渣出口2-4排出后收集，作为建筑原材料。
本发明热解工艺以低成本热解和能量洁净利用为目的，改变原有的垃圾处理方式；垃圾热解是在有外筒4、中筒2、内筒1烟气通道等包围下，形成的低氧或无氧条件下进行的，减少了重金属氧化物的生成，从而减少了有毒有机物质的生成和排放。垃圾中大部分有害成分在半焦中被固定，减少了环境的二次污染；
本发明热解工艺中垃圾热解后产物可以被燃烧再利用，一方面用于产生高温烟气来提供热量给垃圾干燥装置和垃圾热解装置，另一方面用于居民生活和工农业生产。
本发明技术手段简单易行，占地面积小，安全系数高，节能减排效果好、可广泛地适用于农村垃圾，应用前景较广。
附图说明
图1为本发明高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置结构示意图。
图2是图1内筒结构示意图。
图3是图1中筒结构示意图。
图4是图1截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步具体详细描述。
实施例
如图1至4所示。本发明公开了一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，包括外筒4、中筒2、内筒1；所述外筒4、中筒2和内筒1由外至内依次套设，它们的轴线重合，内筒1可转动；
所述内筒1的内部作为第一烟气通道11，内筒1外壁与中筒2内壁之间形成的空腔作为垃圾热解腔12，中筒2外壁与外筒4内壁之间形成的空腔作为第二烟气通道13；
所述内筒1的外周壁面1-1安装有用于推送垃圾的螺旋叶片1-2，使垃圾在垃圾热解腔12内螺旋前行；垃圾螺旋前进可大大减小前行阻力，同时在垃圾热解腔内停留时间长，热解充分。
所述中筒2的外周壁面安装有用于导流的螺旋导流片2-3，使烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动。螺旋导流片2-3对流动的高温烟气流动阻力较小，而且这种螺旋结构延长了高温烟气的行程，增加了高温烟气在第二烟气通道13中停留的时间。
所述内筒1的内周壁面呈螺旋状分布有内翅片1-3，内翅片1-3用于接触第一烟气通道11内流动高温烟气；所述中筒2的外周壁面呈螺旋状分布有外翅片2-2，外翅片2-2用于接触第二烟气通道13内流动高温烟气；内翅片1-3和外翅片2-2增加了高温烟气与壁面的换热面积，加强了烟气在通道内壁面的 扰动，增强了传热效果。
高温烟气流经第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13并对内筒1和中筒2的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔12并加热其内的垃圾；垃圾在螺旋叶片1-2的推动下在垃圾热解腔12内前行中热解。
所述垃圾热解腔12的一端连通设置在中筒2一端的垃圾入口2-1，垃圾热解腔12的另一端连通设置在中筒2另一端的固体残渣出口2-4。
所述内筒1的两端口分别作为第一烟气通道11的烟气进/出口。
所述第二烟气通道13的烟气进口管3和烟气出口管5分别设置在外筒4两端的管壁上。
沿外筒4长度方向的管壁上间隔分布有多个产物出口管8；产物出口管8的轴线与水平面垂直，烟气进口管3和烟气出口管5的轴线与水平面平行。
所述内筒1的转动动能由电动机7及传送带6构成的传动机构提供。
本装置可的第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13的高温烟气可以来自燃烧器，还可以来其他排放高温烟气的设备。
本装置外筒4、中筒2、内筒1为圆形筒状结构，其尺寸大小可根据实际应用而定。
本发明垃圾热解过程如下：
内筒1在传动机构的带动下按照预设速度旋转；
将燃烧器排出的高温烟气引入第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13，高温烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动；高温烟气对内筒1和中筒2的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔12；
破碎、干燥后的垃圾经垃圾入口2-1进入垃圾热解腔12，垃圾在螺旋叶片1-2的推动下在垃圾热解腔12内加热、前行，在前行过程中与空气隔离，在热量的作用下逐渐热解；
热解后的产物(如氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、烷烃和芳香烃等)经产物出 口管8补给至燃烧器内，燃烧后的烟气再返送至第一烟气通道11和第二烟气通道13，以此循环；若热解所需热量不足，可用外部辅助燃料补充至燃烧器；
垃圾热解后剩余的固体残渣经固体残渣出口2-4排出后收集，作为建筑原材料或者集中到大型生活垃圾焚烧厂处置，以减少对环境的二次污染。
当热解过程中的高温烟气，仅由外部其他高温烟气排放设备(如锅炉)提供时，可对热解后的产物进行收集，储存利用。
在实际应用中，本垃圾热解装置与水平面可以有一个微微倾斜的角度，使垃圾入口略高于固体残渣出口。可以让垃圾因重力作用有顺壁面滑动的趋势，对一些缝隙中不受螺旋叶片推动的细碎垃圾有促进前进的作用。
如上所述，便可较好地实现本发明。
本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，其特征在于：包括外筒(4)、中筒(2)、内筒(1)；所述外筒(4)、中筒(2)和内筒(1)由外至内依次套设，它们的轴线重合，内筒(1)可转动；
    所述内筒(1)的内部作为第一烟气通道(11)，内筒(1)外壁与中筒(2)内壁之间形成的空腔作为垃圾热解腔(12)，中筒(2)外壁与外筒(4)内壁之间形成的空腔作为第二烟气通道(13)；
    所述内筒(1)的外周壁面(1-1)安装有用于推送垃圾的螺旋叶片(1-2)，使垃圾在垃圾热解腔(12)内螺旋前行；
    所述中筒(2)的外周壁面安装有用于导流的螺旋导流片(2-3)，使烟气在第二烟气通道(13)按照螺旋导流片(2-3)的螺旋形导流轨迹流动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，其特征在于：所述内筒(1)的内周壁面呈螺旋状分布有内翅片(1-3)，内翅片(1-3)用于接触第一烟气通道(11)内流动高温烟气；所述中筒(2)的外周壁面呈螺旋状分布有外翅片(2-2)，外翅片(2-2)用于接触第二烟气通道(13)内流动高温烟气；
    高温烟气流经第一烟气通道(11)和第二烟气通道(13)并对内筒(1)和中筒(2)的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔(12)并加热其内的垃圾；垃圾在螺旋叶片(1-2)的推动下在垃圾热解腔(12)内前行中热解。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，其特征在于：所述垃圾热解腔(12)的一端连通设置在中筒(2)一端的垃圾入口(2-1)，垃圾热解腔(12)的另一端连通设置在中筒(2)另一端的固体残渣出口(2-4)；
    所述内筒(1)的两端口分别作为第一烟气通道(11)的烟气进/出口；
    所述第二烟气通道(13)的烟气进口管(3)和烟气出口管(5)分别设 置在外筒(4)两端的管壁上；
    沿外筒(4)长度方向的管壁上间隔分布有多个产物出口管(8)；产物出口管(8)的轴线与水平面垂直，烟气进口管(3)和烟气出口管(5)的轴线与水平面平行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置，其特征在于：所述内筒(1)的转动动能由电动机(7)及传送带(6)构成的传动机构提供。
  5. 一种高效低污染的农村垃圾热解方法，其特征在于采用权利要求4所述高效低污染的农村垃圾热解装置实现，其包括如下步骤：
    内筒(1)在传动机构的带动下按照预设速度旋转；
    将燃烧器排出的高温烟气引入第一烟气通道(11)和第二烟气通道(13)，高温烟气在第二烟气通道13按照螺旋导流片2-3的螺旋形导流轨迹流动；高温烟气对内筒(1)和中筒(2)的管壁进行加热，热量传递给垃圾热解腔(12)；
    破碎、干燥后的垃圾经垃圾入口(2-1)进入垃圾热解腔(12)，垃圾在螺旋叶片(1-2)的推动下在垃圾热解腔(12)内加热、前行，在前行过程中与空气隔离，在热量的作用下逐渐热解；
    热解后的产物经产物出口管(8)补给至燃烧器内，燃烧后的烟气再返送至第一烟气通道(11)和第二烟气通道(13)，以此循环；若热解所需热量不足，可用外部辅助燃料补充至燃烧器；
    垃圾热解后剩余的固体残渣经固体残渣出口(2-4)排出后收集，作为建筑原材料。
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