WO2019090651A1 - Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique à base de charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie et son procédé de préparation - Google Patents

Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique à base de charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie et son procédé de préparation Download PDF

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WO2019090651A1
WO2019090651A1 PCT/CN2017/110322 CN2017110322W WO2019090651A1 WO 2019090651 A1 WO2019090651 A1 WO 2019090651A1 CN 2017110322 W CN2017110322 W CN 2017110322W WO 2019090651 A1 WO2019090651 A1 WO 2019090651A1
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silkworm
activated carbon
energy storage
storage device
electrochemical energy
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PCT/CN2017/110322
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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吴孟强
陈治
陈晨
杨俭
李肖辉
徐自强
李文磊
郭豪
秦金刚
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电子科技大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/110322 priority Critical patent/WO2019090651A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
    • C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/30—Active carbon
    • C01B32/312—Preparation
    • C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm sand activated carbon and a preparation method thereof.
  • Electrodes are widely used for high power density and long life.
  • the application is required.
  • Porous carbon materials have attracted great interest as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors due to their high surface area, electrical conductivity, chemical stability and low cost.
  • activated carbon materials are the most mature porous carbon materials in research. attention.
  • Activated carbon is an amorphous carbon material obtained after hot processing. Compared with ordinary carbon materials, activated carbon has an ultra-high specific surface area and has superior adsorption capacity for organic gases or inorganic substances in some gases and liquids. At the same time, it has good physical and chemical stability, good mechanical strength, acid resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance. It is insoluble in organic solvents and water. It can be used as an adsorbent for many substances and can be reused.
  • the raw materials of activated carbon are derived from various organic materials rich in carbon, such as coal, wood, husk, coconut shell, walnut shell, apricot shell, jujube shell, etc. These materials are converted into high temperature and pressure pyrolysis after activation furnace. Activated carbon.
  • the carbon material In the activation process of high temperature, the carbon material forms a complex pore structure inside it, which has a large specific surface area. These abundant pores can make it adsorb a large amount of inorganic organic particles, and the size of the pores in the activated carbon makes it selectively adsorbed. The function is because the macromolecule cannot enter the pores of the activated carbon smaller than its pores.
  • the specific capacitance of the electrochemical capacitor is mainly affected by the pore structure and surface chemistry of the activated carbon material. Since the specific surface area cannot be expanded indefinitely, the adjustment of the pore size has limitations on the performance improvement. Currently, the carbon is improved by hetero atom doping. The capacitive performance of materials is an effective method.
  • the doping of the hetero atom in the prior art introduces a hetero atom by modifying the surface of the activated carbon, so that the functional group rich in the hetero atom is located on the surface of the carbon material, and there is a problem that the performance is attenuated due to structural instability.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm sand activated carbon material and a preparation method thereof for the problem that the activated carbon electrode is introduced into the hetero atom by surface doping, and the capacitor performance is unstable.
  • the silkworm produced by feeding graphene is used as a raw material for preparing activated carbon. After pre-carbonization, nitrogen and sulfur atoms in the raw material are doped in-situ in the carbon material to increase the conductivity and improve the capacity performance of the device.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • An electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon comprising: an electrode sheet, a separator, an electrolyte and a sealing member, wherein the electrode sheet comprises a composite material prepared on a current collector, the composite material comprising at least a silkworm Sand activated carbon or silkworm activated carbon composite, conductive agent and binder, the carbon skeleton of the silkworm activated carbon or silkworm activated carbon composite contains in-situ doped hetero atoms.
  • hetero atom is a nitrogen atom and a sulfur atom.
  • the silkworm activated carbon composite comprises one or more of carbon material, graphene, carbon nanotube, metal element, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, conductive polymer and monomer thereof and silkworm A complex formed by activated carbon.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm sand activated carbon, which comprises the following steps:
  • the silkworm in step (1) is the dried feces of the silkworm larvae of the silkworm moth insect.
  • the collected feces need to be dried, soiled, and mulberry debris before pre-carbonization.
  • the temperature of the pre-carbonization of the silkworm in the step (2) is 300 to 500 ° C, and the holding time is 0.5 to 3 hours.
  • the activator in the step (3) is one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, zinc chloride and ferric chloride.
  • the mass ratio of the pre-carbonized silkworm to the activator in the step (3) is from 1:1 to 1:3.
  • the specific process of heat activation of silkworm in step (3) is: raising the temperature to 700-900 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 2 to 10 ° C / min, and then maintaining the temperature for 1 to 3 hours.
  • the activated silkworm in the step (4) is washed with a 1, mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, the washing time is 10 to 20 hours, and the washing temperature is 50 to 70 ° C.
  • the graphene feeding the silkworm is a graphene solution of 2-20 g/L, and the fed graphene solution comprises one or more of graphene, graphene nanosheets and carbon nanotubes.
  • the graphene solution is uniformly sprayed on the mulberry leaves, and the mulberry leaf feeding time is controlled once every 6 hours.
  • the pre-carbonized silkworm is mixed with an activator and water at a mass ratio of 1: (1 to 3): 2 to form a uniform slurry, and the prepared slurry is prepared. It is expected to be evaporated in an inert gas at 60 ° C for 3 to 6 hours to remove most of the water, and the slurry is dried at 80 ° C for 24 hours.
  • the mass ratio of the activated carbon product, the conductive agent and the binder in the step (5) is 80: (1 to 20): (2 to 15).
  • the slurry contains the activated carbon product, the conductive agent and the binder in a total mass of 0.1 g to 1 g per ml of the solvent.
  • the method further comprises: using the step (4) to obtain an activated carbon product to form a silkworm activated carbon composite; the silkworm activated carbon composite is an additive used in the silkworm, including but not limited to: carbon material.
  • the silkworm activated carbon composite is an additive used in the silkworm, including but not limited to: carbon material.
  • carbon material One or more of graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal simple substances, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, conductive polymers, and monomers thereof.
  • the electrolyte used for device assembly is an aqueous electrolyte, an organic electrolyte or an ionic liquid electrolyte; the aqueous electrolyte includes an acidic electrolyte, an alkaline electrolyte or a neutral electrolyte; and the ionic liquid electrolyte includes a pyridinium-based electrolysis.
  • Organic electrolyte includes lithium ion organic electrolyte, sodium ion organic electrolyte, when the device is assembled using organic electrolyte, it is required
  • the water content is less than 40 ppm, and the electrode material is dried at 100 ° C before assembly.
  • the conductive agents used in device assembly include, but are not limited to, carbon black, acetylene black, conductive graphite, or graphene.
  • the binder used for device assembly includes, but not limited to, a tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) emulsion, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
  • PTFE tetrafluoroethylene
  • CMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • the separator used for device assembly includes, but is not limited to, a glass fiber membrane, a polyethylene film, a polypropylene film, a polyethylene polypropylene composite film, a woven film, a nonwoven film (nonwoven fabric), a composite film or a laminated film. .
  • the current collectors used for device assembly include, but are not limited to, aluminum films, copper films, nickel sheets, foamed nickel, stainless steel mesh, aluminum foil or carbon paper.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device of the present invention comprises a capacitor or a battery, and in particular may be a super capacitor, a primary battery or a secondary battery;
  • the capacitor includes but is not limited to: a symmetric capacitor, an asymmetric capacitor, a tantalum capacitor;
  • Batteries include, but are not limited to, lithium batteries, lithium ion batteries, sodium batteries, or sodium ion batteries.
  • the invention Compared with the existing electrochemical energy storage device formed by the activated carbon material and the preparation method thereof, the invention has outstanding features and excellent effects:
  • the invention adopts a low-cost and environmentally-friendly process to directly carbonize and activate the silkworms produced by the silkworms fed with graphene, so that the hetero atoms are doped in-situ in the interior and surface of the carbon material, thereby preparing the electrochemical
  • the activated carbon material for the energy storage device, the hetero atom doping method of the present invention is different from the surface doping modification adopted by the prior art, the hetero atom is integrally doped and the distribution is more uniform with respect to the surface doping, while improving the conductivity of the material.
  • the electrochemical energy storage device formed based on the activated carbon material also has more stable properties, thereby improving the capacity performance of the device and prolonging the service life of the device; in addition, the present invention also avoids the batch electrode due to mass production.
  • the production process problems of materials lead to defects in material properties, and therefore have production stability and are advantageous for mass production.
  • the invention adopts the raw material mulberry tree which is planted in a large amount in the local area and the silkworm which has been cultivated for thousands of years as the raw material, and the obtained activated carbon of the graphene silkworm has excellent performance and has a high specific surface area of 1300 m 2 . Above /g, at the same time, it has a good raw material derived from a simple preparation process, which complements the existing short form of graphene activated carbon composite material, which greatly promotes the electrochemical storage of activated carbon material as an electrode. The development and application of energy devices.
  • the raw material of the activated carbon electrode prepared by the electrochemical energy storage device of the invention is environmentally friendly, stable and reliable in quality, good in consistency, and the preparation method of the activated carbon material is simple, the cost is low, the raw materials and processes used are thousands of years old, and the preparation can be It is highly implementable and difficult to industrialize, and it is expected to achieve industrialized mass production.
  • Figure 1 is an XRD pattern of the silkworm activated carbon prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an SEM image of the silkworm activated carbon prepared in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a mesoporous distribution curve of the silkworm activated carbon prepared by the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a microporous distribution curve of the silkworm activated carbon prepared by the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cyclic voltammetry curve of the silkworm activated carbon prepared by the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph showing the specific capacity charge and discharge of the silkworm activated carbon prepared by the present invention at different currents.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph showing specific capacitance curves of silkworm sand activated carbon prepared by the present invention at different currents.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon material, comprising the following steps:
  • the dried silkworm sand is heated and pre-carbonized in a tube furnace under the protection of argon gas, and the pre-carbonization temperature of the silkworm sand is 300 ° C, and the heat preservation time is 0.5 hours;
  • the pre-carbonized silkworm is mixed with the activator potassium hydroxide and then heated and activated in argon; the activation is a process of chemical reaction to produce a porous structure, and the mass ratio of the pre-carbonized silkworm to potassium hydroxide is mixed.
  • the temperature of the silkworm sand activation process is 700 ° C
  • the heating rate is 2 ° C / min
  • the holding time is 1 hour;
  • the activated silkworm is washed with a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and then washed with water to neutrality to obtain an activated carbon product, the washing time is 10 hours, and the washing temperature is 50 ° C;
  • the performance of the capacitor was tested using the Princeton PARSTAT 4000A electrochemical workstation: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the sample was tested at a voltage sweep range of 0.01 V to 3 V and a scan rate of 5 to 50 mV/s.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • m is the total mass of activated carbon on the two counter electrodes
  • I is the current
  • ⁇ t is the discharge time
  • ⁇ V is the voltage range of charge and discharge.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon material, comprising the following steps:
  • the pre-carbonized silkworm is mixed with the activator potassium hydroxide and then heated and activated in argon; the activation is a process of chemical reaction to produce a porous structure, and the mass ratio of the pre-carbonized silkworm to zinc chloride is mixed. 1:2, the heating temperature of the silkworm sand activation process is 900 ° C, the heating rate is 10 ° C / min, and the holding time is 3 hours;
  • the activated silkworm is washed with a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and then washed with water to neutrality to obtain an activated carbon product, the washing time is 20 hours, and the washing temperature is 70 ° C;
  • a lithium battery was formed by co-assembling an electrode sheet, a Celgard 2301 separator, and an EC/DEC electrolyte solution prepared from LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1 mol/L.
  • the performance of the capacitor was tested using a blue-electrochemical electrochemical workstation: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the sample was tested at a voltage sweep range of 0.01 V to 3 V and a scan rate of 5 to 50 mV/s.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • Q is the total charge and discharge current
  • m is the total mass of activated carbon on the two counter electrodes.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon material, comprising the following steps:
  • activation is a process in which a chemical reaction occurs to produce a porous structure
  • the carbonized silkworm and the ferric chloride and water are mixed and stirred at a ratio of 1:1:1 to form a uniform slurry, and the prepared slurry is evaporated in an inert gas at 60 ° C for 3 hours to remove most of the water.
  • the slurry is further dried at 80 ° C for 24 hours, so that the activator and the silkworm are uniformly mixed;
  • the temperature of the silkworm sand activation process is 800 ° C, the heating rate is 5 ° C / min, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
  • the activated silkworm is washed with a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and then washed with water to neutrality to obtain an activated carbon product, the washing time is 14 hours, and the washing temperature is 60 ° C;
  • the performance of the capacitor was tested using the Princeton PARSTAT 4000A electrochemical workstation: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the sample was tested at a voltage sweep range of 0.01 V to 3 V and a scan rate of 5 to 50 mV/s.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • m is the total mass of activated carbon on the two counter electrodes
  • I is the current
  • ⁇ t is the discharge time
  • ⁇ V is the voltage range of charge and discharge.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon material, comprising the following steps:
  • the temperature of the silkworm sand activation process is 850 ° C, the heating rate is 8 ° C / min, and the holding time is 2.5 hours;
  • the activated silkworm is washed with a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and then washed with water to neutrality to obtain an activated carbon product, the washing time is 16 hours, and the washing temperature is 65 ° C;
  • the performance of the capacitor was tested using the Princeton PARSTAT 4000A electrochemical workstation: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the sample was tested at a voltage sweep range of 0.01 V to 3 V and a scan rate of 5 to 50 mV/s.
  • the calculation formula is:
  • m is the total mass of activated carbon on the two counter electrodes
  • I is the current
  • ⁇ t is the discharge time
  • ⁇ V is the voltage range of charge and discharge.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing an electrochemical energy storage device based on silkworm activated carbon material, comprising the following steps:
  • the temperature of the silkworm sand activation process is 850 ° C, the heating rate is 8 ° C / min, and the holding time is 2.5 hours;
  • the activated silkworm is washed with a 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and then washed with water to neutrality to obtain an activated carbon product, which is washed.
  • the washing time is 16 hours, and the washing temperature is 65 ° C;
  • the XPS analysis and XRD analysis of the activated carbon product prepared in the step (4) were carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, and the obtained characterization results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively;
  • the carbon material was obtained, and the presence of nitrogen element was determined from Fig. 2. It can be seen from the analysis results of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 that the present invention is successfully doped with heteroatoms in the interior and surface of the carbon material.
  • the activated carbon product prepared in the step (4) is subjected to a surface by a scanning electron microscope, and the obtained structure is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the activated carbon material prepared by the present invention has a unique porous structure, which is unique.
  • the microstructure makes it still have a high capacity at high currents.
  • the specific surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon product prepared in the step (4) were tested by a surface analyzer.
  • the static volume method was used to place the sample in the degassing station at 77 K for 3 hours, and then nitrogen as the adsorbate.
  • the adsorption isotherm of the sample was measured, and the results as shown in FIG. 4 were obtained. It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the adsorption process is a Langer's single-layer reversible adsorption process; and according to the measured adsorption isotherm, as shown in FIG.
  • the mesoporous distribution curve and the micropore distribution curve shown in Fig. 6 can be seen from the two figures: the prepared material has abundant mesopores and micropores, and the pore diameter is mainly concentrated at 0.6 to 5 nm.
  • the activated carbon electrode sheet prepared in the present example was assembled into a three-electrode system together with an electrolyte prepared from a platinum sheet, Hg/HgOe, and a 6 mol/L potassium hydroxide solution.
  • the performance of the capacitor was tested using the Princeton PARSTAT 4000A electrochemical workstation: the cyclic voltammetry curve of the sample was tested at a voltage sweep range of 0.01 V to 3 V and a scan rate of 5 to 50 mV/s.
  • the test results are shown in Figure 7.
  • the cyclic voltammogram the cyclic voltammetry curve appears to be close to a square shape, indicating that it has a higher specific energy, and no redox peak appears on the cyclic voltammetry curve, belonging to a typical electric double layer capacitor.
  • the curve indicates that the capacitor does not undergo redox reaction. This process is mainly a physical adsorption process.
  • the introduced heteroatoms improve the wettability and conductivity of the material during charge and discharge, and introduce a Faraday quasi-capacitor relative to the same volume or mass.
  • the Faraday quasi-capacitor has a higher capacity.
  • the electrode sheet, the separator and the electrolyte are assembled to form an electrochemical capacitor, and the charge and discharge curves of the electrochemical energy storage device capacitor at different currents are measured using a high-precision battery test device.
  • the test results are shown in Fig. 8, and can be calculated according to this figure.
  • the specific capacity of activated carbon materials is calculated as:
  • I is the current
  • ⁇ t is the discharge time
  • m is the mass of the activated carbon
  • ⁇ V is the voltage range of the charge and discharge.
  • the specific capacity value of activated carbon material in different concentrations of potassium hydroxide electrolyte is less than 100Fg -1 . It can be seen from this figure that activated carbon material has a small current. 320Fg -1 up capacity at a high current and a high capacity of any course, still has high-capacity 165Fg -1 even at a high current of 80Ag -1.

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique à base de charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie et son procédé de préparation. L'armature de charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie du dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique comprend des hétéroatomes dopés in situ. Le procédé de préparation pour le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique consiste à collecter des excréments de ver à soie produits après que le ver à soie a été nourri de graphène, à les soumettre à un traitement de séchage et à retirer les impuretés ; à chauffer les excréments de ver à soie séchés pour une précarbonatation ; à chauffer et à activer les excréments de ver à soie au moyen d'un agent actif ; à laver les excréments de ver à soie actifs jusqu'à la neutralité afin d'obtenir un produit de charbon actif ; et à assembler le produit de charbon actif en une feuille d'électrode avec un séparateur et une solution d'électrolyte dans le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique. Les hétéroatomes dans le charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie sont dopés intégralement et répartis uniformément dans le matériau au carbone, et la conductivité électrique du matériau peut donc être améliorée, la propriété de capacité d'un dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique préparé sur la base d'un tel matériau peut être amélioré, et la longévité du dispositif peut être étendue. Le procédé de préparation pour le dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique à base de charbon actif d'excréments de vers à soie peut réduire le coût de préparation de matériaux composites graphène-charbon actif.
PCT/CN2017/110322 2017-11-10 2017-11-10 Dispositif accumulateur d'énergie électrochimique à base de charbon actif d'excréments de ver à soie et son procédé de préparation WO2019090651A1 (fr)

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CN113447590A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-28 广西大学 负载型蚕沙基多孔炭材料农药缓释剂的制备方法及其应用

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CN111554925A (zh) * 2020-04-09 2020-08-18 上海应用技术大学 一种石墨烯掺杂蚯蚓粪复合材料的制备方法
CN113447590A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-28 广西大学 负载型蚕沙基多孔炭材料农药缓释剂的制备方法及其应用

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