WO2019087880A1 - シート状脱細胞化材料及び同材料を用いる人工血管 - Google Patents
シート状脱細胞化材料及び同材料を用いる人工血管 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019087880A1 WO2019087880A1 PCT/JP2018/039426 JP2018039426W WO2019087880A1 WO 2019087880 A1 WO2019087880 A1 WO 2019087880A1 JP 2018039426 W JP2018039426 W JP 2018039426W WO 2019087880 A1 WO2019087880 A1 WO 2019087880A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blood vessel
- sheet
- artificial blood
- biomaterial
- decellularized
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A61L27/3604—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix characterised by the human or animal origin of the biological material, e.g. hair, fascia, fish scales, silk, shellac, pericardium, pleura, renal tissue, amniotic membrane, parenchymal tissue, fetal tissue, muscle tissue, fat tissue, enamel
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- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61L27/3683—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
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- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/3683—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sheet-like decellularized material and an artificial blood vessel using the same.
- Vascular grafts are used in the construction of blood vessels for bypass surgery and in the repair or replacement of damaged or pathological blood vessels.
- self-blood vessels are preferable replacement grafts for affected areas less than 5 mm in diameter, such as own internal thoracic artery, radial artery, saphenous vein, etc.
- Autologous blood vessels are used.
- own blood vessels it is not possible to avoid invasion at the time of collection, so the burden on the patient's body is heavy, and it is inevitable that the length or quality varies depending on individuals or cases.
- artificial blood vessels made of synthetic resins such as polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene are used for revascularization of peripheral limbs and the like.
- synthetic resins such as polyester and polytetrafluoroethylene
- artificial blood vessels made of these synthetic resins can not be used when used for small diameter blood vessels such as coronary arteries, because they cause thrombus at an early stage and cause intimal thickening.
- bone marrow must be collected from the patient before surgery, cultured, and this must be engrafted on the artificial blood vessel, which is useful in surgery where preparation is necessary and emergency procedures must be performed. Sex was low. In addition, there is also a problem that the endothelial cells covering the lumen of blood vessels are easily peeled off, which causes thrombus formation.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an artificial blood vessel in which a sheet of decellularized biomaterial is formed into a tubular shape in order to prevent rejection.
- an artificial blood vessel is formed by winding a sheet prepared from pig aorta into a tubular form as it is.
- the edge of the sheet projects into the lumen of the tube by the thickness of the sheet, and the cross-section of the tube does not become circular or oval (see: Patent Document 2) 8).
- Patent Document 2 describes a sheet of a tissue derived from a living body having a taper in which the edge of at least one side becomes thinner toward the end, and a tubular structure using the sheet.
- a sheet or the like is prepared using a pig aorta.
- seat of the living body derived tissue of patent document 1 and 2 what was prepared from the pig aorta is used concretely. Therefore, there has been a demand for a material which is further improved in pressure resistance than a sheet of tissue derived from porcine aorta, and which can maintain excellent pressure resistance when used as a blood vessel or in the repair of a blood vessel.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sheet-like material capable of maintaining excellent pressure resistance when used as a blood vessel or for repairing a blood vessel.
- the present inventors surprisingly prepared an artificial blood vessel using a biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material having a tensile strength and an elongation in a specific range.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention by finding that it is possible to prepare an artificial blood vessel having a pressure resistance much higher than that of a material derived from porcine aorta, which was conventionally considered to be optimum.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material having a maximum value of tensile strength in four directions of 4 MPa or more and an elongation in the direction of maximum tensile strength of 50% to 300%.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material according to (1) wherein the pressure resistance strength of the artificial blood vessel after rolling is 400 mmHg or more.
- biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material according to any one of (1) to (4), which is for use in artificial blood vessels or in the repair of blood vessels.
- An artificial blood vessel comprising the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material according to any one of (1) to (4).
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention can prepare an artificial blood vessel having a pressure resistance much higher than that of a material derived from porcine aortic which was conventionally considered to be optimum. Therefore, when the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention is used as a blood vessel or for the repair of a blood vessel, excellent pressure resistance comparable to that of the blood vessel itself can be maintained.
- Biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material The biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention has an elongation percentage in a direction in which the maximum value of the tensile strength in four directions is 4 MPa or more and the tensile strength is maximum. Is from 50% to 300%.
- the biomaterial used for the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention is an animal-derived material.
- the animal is preferably a vertebrate and the like, and a mammal, a bird and the like are more preferably mentioned because the rejection reaction is small.
- mammalian livestock, avian livestock, humans and the like are more preferably mentioned because of easy availability.
- Specific mammalian livestock include, for example, cows, pigs, sheep, horses, goats, deer, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, mice, camels, lamas, donkeys, yaks, alpacas, raccoons, itachis , Foxes, squirrels, raccoons, etc.
- Specific examples of avian livestock include chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, guinea fowls, pheasants, ostriches, quails, parrots, parrots and the like.
- Preferred animals include pigs, cows, horses, humans and the like, and in terms of availability and safety, pigs, cows and the like are more preferable.
- a site having extracellular matrix structure can be mentioned.
- heart pericardium, heart valve, fascia, skin, dermis, blood vessel, liver, kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra, tongue, tonsil, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, pancreas , Spleen, lung, brain, bone, spinal cord, cartilage, testis, uterus, fallopian tube, ovary, placenta, cornea, skeletal muscle, tendon, nerve, dura mater, umbilical cord, amniotic membrane, intestine, small intestine submucosa, other collagen Containing tissue etc.
- the film thickness is large, so the handling property is poor, and if a part derived from the pores remains, platelets etc. easily adhere to that part and there is a problem that thrombus is easily generated. sell.
- the heart, pericardium, heart valve, muscle among the above-mentioned sites Membrane, skin, blood vessels etc. are preferred.
- the heart, pericardium, cardiac valve membrane, fascia, skin and the like are more preferable, and the pressure resistance of the blood vessel itself is excellent. Particularly preferred.
- the biomaterial is subsequently subjected to decellularization and sheeting to obtain a biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material.
- Decellularization can be performed before or after sheeting, or can be performed after rolling into an artificial blood vessel. However, in view of processability and ease of decellularization, decellularization is preferably performed before rolling, and is preferably performed after forming into a sheet shape.
- Decellularization is performed to remove antigenic components such as cells and nucleic acid components from biological material collected from an animal. By performing decellularization, it is possible to suppress the rejection that occurs when used as a transplant tissue in a living body.
- the method of decellularization is not particularly limited, and conventionally known methods can be used.
- decellularization include physical agitation, sonication, freeze-thaw method, high hydrostatic pressure method, hypertonic solution hypotonic solution method, treatment with surfactants such as anionic surfactants or nonionic surfactants.
- surfactants such as anionic surfactants or nonionic surfactants.
- examples thereof include enzyme treatment with a proteolytic enzyme or a nucleolytic enzyme, treatment with an alcohol solvent, and the like, and two or more of these may be combined.
- the shape of the sheet is not limited, but a rectangular (rectangular) or substantially rectangular shape is preferable from the viewpoint of pressure resistance and handling properties of a rolled artificial blood vessel and processability.
- the size can be appropriately selected according to the size of the target artificial blood vessel.
- the length of one side (long side) in the longitudinal direction is usually 10 to 400 mm, preferably 20 to 300 mm, from the viewpoint of pressure resistance and handling when formed into a roll.
- the length (short side) of one side in the width direction of the sheet is usually 1.5 to 200 mm, preferably 3 to 70 mm, and more preferably 6 to 40 mm.
- the maximum value of the tensile strength in four directions is 4 MPa or more, preferably 5 MPa or more.
- the sheet-like decellularized material derived from a biomaterial of the present invention having a maximum value of tensile strength in four directions of 4 MPa or more an artificial blood vessel prepared by rolling is extremely high in pressure resistance.
- the maximum value of the tensile strength in four directions is 3.1 MPa, respectively. Or 3.9 MPa, so that the pressure resistance of the artificial blood vessel prepared by rolling is inferior.
- the elongation in the direction of maximum tensile strength is 50% to 300%, preferably 100 to 250%, and more preferably 150 to 220%. It is.
- the elongation rate is 50% to 300%, preferably 100 to 250%, and more preferably 150 to 220%. It is.
- the elongation rate is 304% or 332%, respectively, so that the roll
- biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention one having an anisotropy in tensile strength and a maximum stress ratio of 1.5 to 5 is also preferable. In that case, it is preferable to roll the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention so as to increase the tensile strength in the circumferential direction of the blood vessel.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention having a maximum value of tensile strength in 4 directions of 4 MPa or more and an elongation in the direction of maximum tensile strength of 50% to 300%.
- the artificial blood vessel prepared by rolling using the above has a pressure strength of, for example, 400 mmHg or more, which is much higher than that of a material derived from porcine aorta which has been considered to be optimum conventionally. That is, the pressure resistance strength of the artificial blood vessel of the present invention is preferably 400 mmHg or more, more preferably 600 mmHg or more, still more preferably 800 mmHg or more, and most preferably 1000 mmHg or more.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention can be used to prepare an artificial blood vessel.
- Examples of the shape of the front cross section of the artificial blood vessel of the present invention include a circular shape, a substantially circular shape, an elliptical shape, a substantially elliptical shape and the like, and in order to be flexible, the shape can be deformed according to the application.
- the inner circumference is preferably 1.5 to 200 mm, more preferably 3 to 70 mm, still more preferably 6 to 40 mm.
- a part of the wall forming the artificial blood vessel has a two-layer structure.
- an artificial blood vessel having a two-layer structure and a three-layer structure as the wall for example, FIG. 1 (i)
- the artificial blood vessel which is a two-layer structure, and the artificial blood vessel (for example, FIG. 1 (ii)) which has a single layer structure and a two-layer structure as a wall part are included.
- the length of a two-layer structure in an artificial blood vessel having a two-layer structure and a three-layer structure as a wall Is preferably 0% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and still more preferably 80% or more with respect to the length of the outer periphery.
- the length of the outer circumference refers to the length of the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel having any one point of the artificial blood vessel as a start point and an end point.
- the length of the outer periphery of FIG. 1 (i) refers to the length of the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel having g as a start point and an end point.
- the length of a two-layer structure in an artificial blood vessel having a single-layer structure and a two-layer structure as a wall (the distance from the point j on the outer wall to the point k on the left hand side in FIG. 1 (ii)) 10% or more is preferable with respect to the length of outer periphery, 50% or more is more preferable, and 80% or more is still more preferable.
- the length of the outer circumference refers to the length of the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel having any one point of the artificial blood vessel as a start point and an end point.
- the length of the outer periphery of FIG. 1 (ii) refers to the length of the outer wall of the artificial blood vessel having j as a start point and an end point.
- a biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material having a shape (taper) in which the edge of at least one side described in Patent Document 2 becomes thinner in the thickness direction toward the end . That is, both ends or one end of the cross section of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material has a tapered shape.
- the cross section of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material does not have to be processed linearly.
- the tapered portion may be provided at all four side edges of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material, and the edge of three sides, two sides or one side of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material is tapered It may be in the form of The biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material is rolled so that the tapered portion is on the lumen side of the artificial blood vessel to form an artificial blood vessel.
- the edges of at least two sides of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material are tapered, and the edges of two sides of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material in the longitudinal direction are tapered. Still more preferably, the edge of one side of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material is tapered, and most preferably, the edge of one side in the lengthwise direction is tapered.
- an artificial blood vessel can be formed by winding a sheet around a core material.
- various core materials can be selected depending on the inner periphery and length of the target artificial blood vessel, and the material does not matter. Since the outer periphery of the core material to be used generally corresponds to the inner periphery of the artificial blood vessel, the core material may be appropriately selected according to the inner periphery of the target artificial blood vessel.
- the core material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tubes made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PU), stainless steel materials (SUS), and cylindrical rods.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention can be formed by suturing a part of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material or by bonding with an adhesive, and both of them may be used. It is preferable to bond using an adhesive from the point of processability. Therefore, the tapered portion of the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material can be fixed to the inner wall of the artificial blood vessel by means such as suture and adhesive.
- the adhesive that can be used may be any conventionally used adhesive for living tissue, and examples thereof include fibrin glue, polymerizable adhesive of cyanoacrylate type, gelatin glue which crosslinks gelatin and resorcinol with formalin, etc. Fibrin glue is preferred in terms of sex. Fibrin glue refers to a preparation using a pasty clot formed by the action of thrombin, which is an enzyme, on fibrinogen, for example, for tissue closure, adhesion of organ damage, hemostasis and the like.
- the place to which the adhesive is applied is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to apply so that there is no adhesive on the inner wall surface of the artificial blood vessel. This is because the adhesive may have some adverse effects by coming into contact with substances passing through the inside (lumen) of the artificial blood vessel. Furthermore, it is necessary to sufficiently apply an adhesive to the tapered portion and bond it so that the cross section of the artificial blood vessel becomes a circle, a circle, an ellipse or an ellipse as shown in FIG. 1 (i) or (ii). There is. If the adhesion of the tapered portion is insufficient, the pressure resistance of the portion may be deteriorated, and a desired artificial blood vessel can not be obtained.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention is used for artificial blood vessel use, but can also be used as a graft of tubular biological tissue such as, for example, ureter, trachea, and lymphatics.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention has a much higher pressure resistance than the material derived from porcine aorta, which was conventionally considered to be optimum.
- the pressure resistance strength of the artificial blood vessel of the present invention is preferably 600 mmHg or more, more preferably 800 mmHg or more, and still more preferably 1000 mmHg or more.
- the artificial blood vessel of the present invention is excellent in handleability at the time of surgery and the like.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention can also be used to repair blood vessels as a blood vessel repair material.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention can be used for treatment such as application to a damaged part of a blood vessel.
- Example 1 Preparation of Porcine Aortic Sheet-like Decellularized Material After completely removing and removing the adventitia of porcine aortic, it was cut open to obtain a sheet-like aorta. The resulting sheet in a polyethylene zippered bag is treated with high hydrostatic pressure treatment at 100 MPa for 15 minutes at 100 MPa using a high pressure processing apparatus for research and development (Kobe Steel Corp .: Dr. CHEF) using physiological saline as a medium went. The treated sheet is shaken at 4 ° C.
- Example 2 Preparation of Porcine Aortic Decellularized Artificial Blood Vessel
- the porcine aortic sheet-like decellularized material prepared in Example 1 is molded into 24 mm ⁇ 100 mm, and after being molded into a tubular structure, the bioadhesive fibrin glue is formed.
- the roll was shaped so that the flow path was formed in the same direction as the flow path of the aorta.
- Test Example 1 Pressure resistance test One end of a porcine aorta was clamped with a forceps, and the opposite end was cannulated for ligation. A syringe and a manometer were connected to the cannula. The saline in the syringe was injected into the porcine aorta, and the pressure at the time of rupture was measured as pressure resistance. The results are shown in Table 1. One end of the artificial blood vessel prepared in Example 2 was clamped with a forceps, and the opposite end was cannulated for ligation. A syringe and a manometer were connected to the cannula. Physiological saline in the syringe was injected into the artificial blood vessel, and the pressure when the artificial blood vessel was ruptured was measured as pressure resistance. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 Preparation of porcine pericardium sheet-like decellularized material
- the pig pericardial sheet collected in a polyethylene zippered bag was treated with physiological saline as a medium for high-pressure processing equipment for research and development (manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd .: Dr. High hydrostatic pressure treatment was performed for 15 minutes at 100 MPa with CHEF.
- the treated sheet is shaken at 4 ° C. for 96 hours in physiological saline containing 20 ppm of DNase of nucleic acid degradation enzyme, followed by 72 hours at 4 ° C. in 80% ethanol and finally 2 ° at 4 ° C. in physiological saline. Washing was carried out for a time to obtain porcine pericardial sheet-like decellularized material.
- Example 4 Preparation of porcine dermal sheet-like decellularized material
- the dermal layer was separated from pig skin to obtain a sheet-like dermis.
- the high hydrostatic pressure-treated dermis is washed by shaking for 96 hours at 4 ° C. in physiological saline containing 20 ppm of DNase as a nucleic acid-degrading enzyme, and then shaken for 72 hours at 4 ° C. in 80% ethanol.
- the mixture was shaken in saline at 4 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain porcine dermal sheet-like decellularized material.
- Test example 2 Tensile test of sheet-like cell-decellularized material from pig (1) Collection and preparation of test pieces The rectangular-like sheet-like cell-decellularized material prepared in Examples 1, 3 and 4 (pig aorta, pig pericardium, pig dermis) The dumbbell-shaped No. 8 test piece described in ISO 37 was collected from the above. In order to evaluate the anisotropy of the tensile strength in the sheet, the case of collecting the test piece in the direction parallel to the long side is 0 °, and 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, 90 ° 4 from one sheet. Dumbbell shaped test pieces were prepared for the direction.
- the thickness of the parallel portion of the dumbbell-shaped test piece was measured using a 3D one-shot shape measuring device (VR-3200, manufactured by Keyence Corporation). As the width (mm) of the test piece, the length (40 mm) between the cutting end faces of the punching blade of the parallel portion was used as it was.
- the cross-sectional area A (mm 2 ) of the test piece was calculated by the following equation from the thickness and width of the test piece.
- A t ⁇ w (A: specimen cross section (mm 2 ), t: specimen thickness (mm), w: specimen width (mm))
- Test procedure In accordance with ISO 37, a tensile test was performed as follows. The test piece was attached to a mechanical testing machine (MCT2150, manufactured by AND, Inc.) so that both ends of the test piece were held symmetrically in order to uniformly distribute the tensile force to the cross section. The tester was operated to continuously observe changes in distance between marks and changes in force, and the maximum load Fmax (N) and the distance Lb between marks at cutting (mm) were measured. The speed of the holding tool was 200 mm / min. Test piece data broken outside between the marked lines was discarded and repeated tests were performed on additional test pieces. The test pieces punched in four directions were measured until the measurement was made twice correctly for each direction.
- MCT2150 mechanical testing machine
- the tensile strength in four directions was calculated according to the following formula, and are shown in Table 2.
- the “tensile strength in four directions” and the “stress ratio” were compared between the four directions based on the average value in each direction.
- Example 5 Preparation of porcine-derived sheet-like decellularized artificial blood vessel
- the sheet-like decellularized material prepared in Examples 2 and 3 is molded into 24 mm ⁇ 100 mm, the surface water is wiped off, and the bioadhesive agent fibrin glue is applied.
- the product was wound around double winding with a PTFE tube having an outer diameter of 3.0 mm as a core, and pressed for 5 minutes to be molded. It was immersed in physiological saline, the core PTFE tube was removed, and both ends were cut to prepare a 100 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ artificial blood vessel.
- the rolling was shaped to increase the tensile strength in the circumferential direction of the blood vessel.
- Test Example 3 Tensile test and pressure resistance test of porcine-derived sheet-like decellularized artificial blood vessel
- One end of the three artificial blood vessels prepared in Examples 2 and 5 was clamped with forceps, and the opposite end was cannulated for ligation.
- a syringe and a manometer were connected to the cannula.
- Physiological saline in the syringe was injected into the artificial blood vessel, and the pressure when the artificial blood vessel was ruptured was measured as pressure resistance. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 6 Preparation of bovine-derived sheet-like decellularized material and bovine-derived sheet-like decellularized artificial blood vessel
- bovine aorta was used instead of porcine aorta
- bovine pericardium was used instead of porcine pericardium.
- bovine aortic sheet-like decellularized material and bovine pericardial sheet-like decellularized material, and bovine aortic decellularized artificial blood vessel and bovine pericardial decellularized artificial blood vessel were prepared.
- Test Example 4 Tensile test and pressure resistance test of bovine-derived sheet-like decellularized artificial blood vessel
- the bovine-derived sheet-like decellularized material prepared in Example 6 and the bovine-derived sheet-like decellularized artificial blood vessel were treated in the same manner as in Test Example 3.
- Tensile test and pressure resistance test were conducted. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention can prepare an artificial blood vessel having a pressure resistance much higher than that of a material derived from porcine aortic which was conventionally considered to be optimum. Therefore, when the biomaterial-derived sheet-like decellularized material of the present invention is used as a blood vessel or for the repair of a blood vessel, excellent pressure resistance comparable to that of the blood vessel itself can be maintained.
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Abstract
Description
以上の通り、特許文献1及び2の生体由来組織のシートとして、ブタ大動脈から調製されたものが具体的に用いられている。そこで、ブタ大動脈由来の生体由来組織のシートよりもさらに耐圧性が向上され、血管として又は血管の修復に用いた際、優れた耐圧性を維持することができる材料が望まれていた。
(1)4方向の引張強さの最大値が4MPa以上であって、引張強さが最大となる方向における伸び率が50%~300%である、生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
(2)ロール化後の人工血管の耐圧強度が400mmHg以上である、(1)に記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
(3)引張強さに異方性があり、最大応力比が1.5~5である、(1)又は(2)に記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
(4)心膜由来である、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
(5)人工血管用又は血管の修復用である、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
(6)(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料からなる人工血管。
本発明の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料は、4方向の引張強さの最大値が4MPa以上であって、引張強さが最大となる方向における伸び率が50%~300%である、生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料である。
本発明においては、構造タンパク質の力学強度を保持したまま効率良く脱細胞化できること、及び血液適合性の観点から、高静水圧法を含む方法を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料を用いて、人工血管を調製することができる。本発明の人工血管の正面断面の形状としては、例えば、円形、略円形、楕円形、略楕円形等が挙げられ、柔軟性に富むために、その形状は用途に応じて変形させることができる。その内周は通常、1.5~200mmが好ましく、3~70mmがより好ましく、更に好ましくは6~40mmである。
使用できる接着剤は、従来使用されている生体組織用の接着剤であればよく、フィブリン糊、シアノアクリレート系の重合性接着剤、ゼラチンとレゾルシノールをホルマリンで架橋させるゼラチン糊などが挙げられ、耐圧性の点から、フィブリン糊が好ましい。フィブリン糊とは、フィブリノゲンに酵素であるトロンビンが作用して形成される糊状の凝塊を、例えば組織の閉鎖、臓器損傷の接着及び止血などに利用する製剤のことをいう。
本発明の人工血管は、従来最適と考えられていたブタ大動脈由来の材料よりも遥かに高い耐圧強度を有する。本発明の人工血管の耐圧強度は、好ましくは、600mmHg以上であり、より好ましくは800mmHg以上であり、さらに好ましくは1000mmHg以上である。また、本発明の人工血管は、手術時等のハンドリング性に優れる。
実施例1
ブタ大動脈シート状脱細胞化材料の調製
ブタ大動脈の外膜を全体的に剥離し除去した後、切り開いてシート状の大動脈を得た。ポリエチレン製チャック付き袋に、得られたシートを、生理食塩水を媒体として、研究開発用高圧処理装置((株)神戸製鋼所製:Dr.CHEF)で100MPaにて15分間高静水圧処理を行った。処理したシートを核酸分解酵素のDNaseを20ppm含有する生理食塩水中、4℃で96時間振盪し、続いて80%エタノール中で4℃にて72時間、最後に生理食塩水中で4℃にて2時間洗浄を行って、ブタ大動脈シート状脱細胞化材料を得た。
ブタ大動脈脱細胞化人工血管の調製
実施例1で調製したブタ大動脈シート状脱細胞化材料を24mm×100mmに成型し、管状構造体に成形後内側になるようにして、生体接着剤のフィブリン糊を、中膜組織側の面に塗布しながら、外径3.0mmのPTFEチューブを芯として二重巻きに巻きつけ、5分間圧着して成形した。それを生理食塩水に浸漬し、芯材のPTFEチューブを抜き取り、両端を切断して、100mm×3mmφの人工血管を作製した。ロール化は大動脈の流路と同一の方向に流路が形成されるように成型した。
耐圧性試験
ブタ大動脈の一端を鉗子でクランプし、反対側の端部にカニューレを挿入して結紮した。カニューレにはシリンジ及びマノメーターを接続した。シリンジ内の生理食塩水をブタ大動脈内に注入し、破裂した際の圧力を耐圧力として測定した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2で調製した人工血管の一端を鉗子でクランプし、反対側の端部にカニューレを挿入して結紮した。カニューレにはシリンジ及びマノメーターを接続した。シリンジ内の生理食塩水を人工血管内に注入し、人工血管が破裂した際の圧力を耐圧力として測定した。結果を表1に示す。
ブタ心膜シート状脱細胞化材料の調製
ポリエチレン製チャック付き袋に、採取したブタ心膜シートを、生理食塩水を媒体として、研究開発用高圧処理装置((株)神戸製鋼所製:Dr.CHEF)で100MPaにて15分間高静水圧処理を行った。処理したシートを核酸分解酵素のDNaseを20ppm含有する生理食塩水中、4℃で96時間振盪し、続いて80%エタノール中で4℃にて72時間、最後に生理食塩水中で4℃にて2時間洗浄を行って、ブタ心膜シート状脱細胞化材料を得た。
ブタ真皮シート状脱細胞化材料の調製
ブタの皮膚から真皮層を分離し、シート状の真皮を得た。ポリエチレン製チャック付き袋に、この真皮と、高静水圧処理の媒体として生理食塩水を入れ、研究開発用高圧処理装置((株)神戸製鋼所製:Dr.CHEF)を用いて、100MPaの静水圧を15分間印加した。高静水圧処理した真皮を、核酸分解酵素としてDNaseを20ppm含有する生理食塩水中、4℃で96時間振盪することにより洗浄し、更に、80%エタノール中、4℃で72時間振盪した後、生理食塩水中、4℃で2時間振盪して、ブタ真皮シート状脱細胞化材料を得た。
ブタ由来シート状脱細胞化材料の引張試験
(1)試験片の採取・作製
実施例1、3及び4で調製した長方形をしたシート状脱細胞化材料(ブタ大動脈、ブタ心膜、ブタ真皮)からISO37に記載されているダンベル形状8号形試験片を採取した。シート内における引張強さの異方性も評価するため、長辺と平行方向に試験片を採取する場合を0°とし、1枚のシートから0°、30°、60°、90°の4方向についてダンベル状試験片を作製した。
ダンベル状試験片の平行部分の厚さは、3Dワンショット形状測定装置(VR-3200、キーエンス社製)を用いて測定した。試験片の幅(mm)は、平行部分の打抜き刃形の切断端面間の長さ(40mm)をそのまま用いた。
試験片の厚さと幅から試験片の断面積A(mm2)を次の式で算出した。
A=t×w
(A:試験片断面積(mm2)、t:試験片厚さ(mm)、w:試験片幅(mm))
ISO37に準拠し、以下の通り引張試験を実施した。断面に均一に引張力を分布させるため、試験片の両端が対象的に保持されるように、試験片を力学試験機(MCT2150、AND社製)に取り付けた。試験機を作動させ標線間距離の変化と力の変化を継続的に観察し、最大荷重Fmax(N)と切断時の標線間距離Lb(mm)を測定した。つかみ具の速度は、200mm/minとした。標線間の外側で破断した試験片データは、棄却し、追加の試験片で繰り返し試験を行った。4方向に打ち抜いた試験片は、方向毎に正しく2回測定されるまで行った。測定値から下記計算式で4方向の引張強さ、引張強さの異方性、伸び率を計算し、表2に示した。
なお、「4方向の引張強さ」及び「応力比」は、方向毎の平均値に基づいて4方向間について比較した。
<引張強さσ>
σ(MPa(N/mm2))は次の式で算出した。
σ=Fmax/A
(σ:引張強さ(MPa)、Fmax:最大加重(N)、A:試験片断面積(mm2))
<伸び率(切断時伸び)ε>
ε(%)は、次の式で算出した。
ε=(Lb-L0)/L0×100
(Lb:切断時の標線間距離(mm)、L0:初期の標線間距離(mm))
<シート内の異方性>
シート内の異方性は、次の式で算出される応力比Sとして取り扱った。
S=σmax/σmin
(σmax:4方向の引張試験のうち、最大の引張強さ(MPa))
σmin:4方向の引張試験のうち、最小の引張強さ(MPa))
ブタ由来シート状脱細胞化人工血管の調製
実施例2及び3で調製したシート状脱細胞化材料を24mm×100mmに成型し、表面の水分をふき取り、生体接着剤のフィブリン糊を塗布しながら、外径3.0mmのPTFEチューブを芯として二重巻きに巻きつけ、5分間圧着して成形した。それを生理食塩水に浸漬し、芯材のPTFEチューブを抜き取り、両端を切断して、100mm×3mmφの人工血管を作製した。ロール化は、血管の円周方向に引張強さが大きくなるように成形した。
ブタ由来シート状脱細胞化人工血管の引張試験及び耐圧性試験
実施例2及び5で調製した3つの人工血管の一端を鉗子でクランプし、反対側の端部にカニューレを挿入して結紮した。カニューレにはシリンジ及びマノメーターを接続した。シリンジ内の生理食塩水を人工血管内に注入し、人工血管が破裂した際の圧力を耐圧力として測定した。結果を表2に示す。
ウシ由来シート状脱細胞化材料及びウシ由来シート状脱細胞化人工血管の調製
ブタ大動脈に代えてウシ大動脈、及びブタ心膜に代えてウシ心膜を用いた以外は実施例1~5と同様にして、ウシ大動脈シート状脱細胞化材料及びウシ心膜シート状脱細胞化材料、並びにウシ大動脈脱細胞化人工血管及びウシ心膜脱細胞化人工血管を調製した。
ウシ由来シート状脱細胞化人工血管の引張試験及び耐圧性試験
実施例6で調製したウシ由来シート状脱細胞化材料及びウシ由来シート状脱細胞化人工血管を用いて、試験例3と同様にして引張試験及び耐圧性試験を行った。その結果を表3に示す。
Claims (6)
- 4方向の引張強さの最大値が4MPa以上であって、引張強さが最大となる方向における伸び率が50%~300%である、生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
- ロール化後の人工血管の耐圧強度が400mmHg以上である、請求項1に記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
- 引張強さに異方性があり、最大応力比が1.5~5である、請求項1又は2に記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
- 心膜由来である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
- 人工血管用又は血管の修復用である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の生体材料由来シート状脱細胞化材料からなる人工血管。
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EP18872781.2A EP3705141A4 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | LEAF-SHAPED DECELLULARIZED MATERIAL AND ARTIFICIAL BLOOD VESSEL WITH USE OF THE SAID MATERIAL |
CA3084334A CA3084334A1 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | Sheet-like decellularized material and artificial blood vessel using the material |
US16/755,948 US20200254146A1 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | Sheet-like decellularized material and artificial blood vessel employing said material |
AU2018358273A AU2018358273B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | Sheet-like decellularized material and artificial blood vessel employing said material |
CN201880055547.8A CN111050814A (zh) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | 片状脱细胞化材料以及使用该材料的人工血管 |
JP2019551177A JP7412174B2 (ja) | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-24 | シート状脱細胞化材料及び同材料を用いる人工血管 |
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