WO2019085044A1 - 一种oled显示装置及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种oled显示装置及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2019085044A1
WO2019085044A1 PCT/CN2017/111884 CN2017111884W WO2019085044A1 WO 2019085044 A1 WO2019085044 A1 WO 2019085044A1 CN 2017111884 W CN2017111884 W CN 2017111884W WO 2019085044 A1 WO2019085044 A1 WO 2019085044A1
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electrode
layer
liquid crystal
display device
oled display
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French (fr)
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邢磊
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US15/744,819 priority Critical patent/US10297779B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/876—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/805—Electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to an OLED display device and a method for fabricating the same.
  • OLED Organic Light-Emitting Diode
  • the QLED display device can be divided into a bottom emission type and a top emission type.
  • the light of the top emission type OLED display device is taken out from the top end, and the device structure can greatly increase the aperture ratio of the display panel.
  • the top emission type OLED display device generally adopts a reflective metal bottom electrode and a transparent or translucent top electrode.
  • the transparent electrode is generally a conductive metal oxide, but the high energy manufacturing process may damage the organic layer, which is disadvantageous for maintaining device performance;
  • the transparent top electrode generally adopts a thin metal layer, and the thin metal layer generally has 10-15 nm in order to maintain its conductivity.
  • the metal film at this thickness has a certain light reflectivity, which easily causes a cavity effect, due to the brightness of the cavity structure.
  • the display content of the OLED display device is clear.
  • the present invention provides an OLED display device and a preparation method thereof, which do not damage the organic functional layer, can realize the anti-peeping function, ensure the privacy of the display content of the OLED display device, and can also be used from various angles. Look at the display of the OLED display device Rong.
  • An OLED display device includes a substrate substrate, a first electrode, an organic functional layer, a second electrode, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer, and an upper electrode, wherein the first electrode is an opaque electrode.
  • the second electrode is a translucent electrode, and the first electrode, the organic functional layer and the second electrode constitute a cavity structure.
  • the organic functional layer includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
  • the first electrode includes a first conductive film layer, an opaque metal layer, and a second conductive film layer which are sequentially stacked;
  • the material of the first conductive thin film layer and the second conductive thin film layer is at least one of ITO, IZO, ZnO, IGO, In 2 O 3 , AZO, and graphene.
  • the material of the second electrode is at least one of Ag, Li, Ca, Al, Mg, a mixture comprising LiF and Ca, and a mixture comprising LiF and Al.
  • the absolute value of the voltage difference between the first electrode and the second electrode is U, then U satisfies; 0 ⁇ U ⁇ 100V;
  • the first electrode serves as an anode
  • the second electrode serves as a cathode
  • the second electrode also functions as a lower electrode of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an OLED display device, comprising the following steps;
  • the first electrode, the organic functional layer and the second electrode constitute a cavity structure.
  • the organic functional layer includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
  • the first electrode includes a first conductive film layer, an opaque metal layer, and a second conductive film layer which are sequentially stacked;
  • the material of the first conductive thin film layer and the second conductive thin film layer is at least one of ITO, IZO, ZnO, IGO, In 2 O 3 , AZO, and graphene.
  • the material of the second electrode is Ag, Li, Ca, Al, Mg, a mixture comprising LiF and Ca, and at least one of a mixture comprising LiF and Al;
  • Forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer on the second electrode comprising the steps of:
  • liquid crystal material the acrylate oligomer, the diluent monomer, the photoinitiator and the surfactant are mixed and stirred to obtain a transparent solution;
  • the transparent solution on the surface of the second electrode is cured to obtain the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal material is a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of an OLED display device, comprising the following steps:
  • the first electrode, the organic functional layer and the second electrode constitute a cavity structure
  • the organic functional layer includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
  • the first electrode includes a first conductive film layer, an opaque metal layer, and a second conductive film layer which are sequentially stacked;
  • the material of the first conductive thin film layer and the second conductive thin film layer is at least one of ITO, IZO, ZnO, IGO, In 2 O 3 , AZO, and graphene.
  • the material of the second electrode is Ag, Li, Ca, Al, Mg, a mixture comprising LiF and Ca, and at least one of a mixture comprising LiF and Al;
  • Forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer on the second electrode comprising the steps of:
  • the transparent solution on the surface of the second electrode is cured to obtain the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal material is a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: in the OLED display device of the present invention, since the second electrode on the organic functional layer is a translucent electrode, the second electrode is not formed on the organic functional layer when the second electrode is prepared on the organic functional layer. Like the transparent electrode on which the conductive metal oxide is prepared, the high-energy fabrication process causes damage to the organic functional layer. Secondly, since the first electrode, the organic functional layer and the second electrode form a cavity structure, the second electrode is further provided with a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer and an upper electrode, and the voltage difference between the second electrode and the upper electrode is controlled. The polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer can be controlled to be in a transparent state, so that the OLED display device can only see the display content of the screen at a specific viewing angle, and thus has an anti-spy function.
  • the liquid crystal in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer By controlling the voltage difference between the second electrode and the upper electrode, it is also possible to control the liquid crystal in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer to be in a scattering state, and the light having a specific angle emitted by the OLED display device is scattered into scattering through the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer. The state is emitted to the outside, the specific exit angle is broken, and the other viewing angles can still see the screen display content.
  • the OLED display device of the present invention can realize the anti-peeping function, ensure the privacy of the display content of the OLED display device, and can clearly see the display content of the OLED display device from various angles, thereby realizing the switching of the display state of the OLED display device. .
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of an OLED display device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the optical axis orientation of liquid crystal particles of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer when no voltage is applied to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a polymer dispersed liquid crystal when a voltage is applied to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer provided by the present invention. Schematic diagram of the optical axis orientation of the liquid crystal particles of the layer.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an OLED display device and an entire dielectric chamber thereof provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the transmittance of the all-medium cavity and the angle of the exiting light provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a structural view of a corresponding OLEd display device when a voltage is applied to a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural view of a first electrode provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method of fabricating an OLED display device provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an OLED display device.
  • the OLED display device includes a substrate substrate 1 , a first electrode 2 , an organic functional layer 3 , a second electrode 4 , and a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 which are sequentially stacked.
  • the first electrode 2, the organic functional layer 3 and the second electrode 4 constitute a cavity structure, forming a cavity effect; and the absolute value of the voltage difference between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 when the OLED display device operates It is 0 (that is, the electric field strength between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 is 0) or greater than 0.
  • the OLED display device is a top emission type OLED display device.
  • Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is one of liquid crystal cells used in LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). It is a mixture of low molecular liquid crystal and prepolymer, which is polymerized to form micron-scale.
  • the liquid crystal droplets are uniformly dispersed in a polymer network (ie, an organic solid polymer matrix, referred to as a matrix), and then the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules is used to obtain a material having electro-optic response characteristics, which mainly works in a scattering state and is transparent. There is a certain gray level between the states. As shown in FIG.
  • the optical axis of each small droplet of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is preferentially oriented, that is, the optical axes of all the liquid crystal particles are disorderly oriented.
  • the arrows in Fig. 2 indicate the optical axis orientation of the liquid crystal particles.
  • liquid crystal is a material having strong optical and dielectric anisotropy, its effective refractive index does not match the refractive index of the substrate, and incident light can be strongly scattered.
  • FIG. 3 when an external electric field is applied, the optical axis direction of the aligned liquid crystal particles is uniformly along the direction of the electric field, and the arrows in FIG. 3 indicate the optical axis orientation of the liquid crystal particles, and the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal particles and the refractive index of the substrate reach With a certain degree of matching, light can pass through the substrate and be transparent.
  • the cavity of the OLED display device generally has the following structures: an all-media cavity, a full metal cavity, Metal medium mixing chamber.
  • the all-media cavity is a cavity structure of a OLED display device having a DBR mirror (distributed bragger reflector) at both ends of the cathode and the anode, such as DBR1 and DBR2 shown in Fig. 4.
  • the all-dielectric chamber is the same as the common OLED display device.
  • the TPD organic material an aromatic amine fluorescent compound
  • the Alq3 is used as the electron transport layer as the light-emitting layer
  • the ITO (indium tin oxide) film is used.
  • the light is emitted through the glass substrate, and the DBR at both ends is composed of a periodic structure (the TiO2 layer and the SiO2 layer are spaced apart from each other), and the number of cycles can be changed according to the needs of the experiment to obtain different reflectance and transmittance. .
  • the structure and reflectivity of the cavity structure composed of two DBRs are much better than the single DBR, regardless of the peak intensity or the half width of the line. This structure is more effective.
  • the external quantum efficiency and monochromaticity of the device, and the reflection spectrum of the full-medium cavity has a strong directivity.
  • the wavelength of the light in the cavity is constant, as shown in Fig. 5, the light can be observed only at a specific angle. Phenomenon, the abscissa in Figure 5 is the angle (ie, the viewing angle) of the light exiting the full dielectric cavity.
  • the cavity structure is not only suitable for the bottom-emitting OLED display device, but also for the top-emitting OLED display device.
  • the brightness of the cavity structure changes with the change of the viewing angle, so that the person next to the OLED display device cannot see the display content. To ensure the privacy of the displayed content.
  • the working principle of the OLED display device provided by the present invention is as follows:
  • the polymer is dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 5 by controlling the voltage of the upper electrode 6 of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5.
  • the electric field intensity between the upper electrode 6 and the lower electrode of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 (the second electrode 4 can serve as the lower electrode of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5) is 0, and there is no between the upper electrode 6 and the lower electrode.
  • the voltage difference, the liquid crystal in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is in a scattering state, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is in a closed state, and the light having a specific angle emitted by the top emission type OLED display device is scattered by the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5
  • the scattering state is emitted to the outside, and the characteristics of the above-mentioned top-emitting type OLED display device having a specific exit angle are broken, and the display contents can be clearly seen from other viewing angles other than the specific exit angle, that is, the screen display contents can be clearly seen at various angles.
  • the voltage of the upper electrode 6 of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is controlled so as to be the second electrode 4 with the lower electrode of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5.
  • the voltage difference between them is a constant value (for example, the absolute value of the constant voltage difference value can be selected from 0-100V), and the constant voltage difference is required to ensure that the liquid crystal of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is completely opened.
  • the liquid crystal layer 5 is in a transparent state.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is a liquid crystal layer 51 in a transparent state. In this way, the display content of the screen can only be seen from a specific perspective, and thus has a anti-spy function.
  • the cavity effect means that the photon density of different energy states is redistributed so that only light of a specific wavelength can be emitted at a specific angle after the composite cavity mode, and the thickness L of the cavity (ie, the total optical thickness of the cavity) is
  • the peak wavelength of the luminescence spectrum of the cavity can satisfy the following relationship:
  • ⁇ m is the wavelength of the mode of the order m.
  • the OLED display device can have a specific light-emitting efficiency or a specific viewing angle characteristic by adjusting the thickness of the cavity.
  • the organic functional layer 3 includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
  • the first electrode 2 includes a first conductive thin film layer 21, an opaque metal layer 22, and a second conductive thin film layer 23 which are sequentially stacked.
  • the materials of the first conductive thin film layer 21 and the second conductive thin film layer 23 are ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), ZnO (zinc oxide), IGO (indium gallium oxide), and In 2 O 3 ( At least one of indium oxide), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), and graphene is selected from a high work function material. This allows the first electrode 2 to match the energy level of the organic functional layer 3 above it, and facilitates the injection of carriers of the first electrode 2 into the light-emitting layer of the organic functional layer 3.
  • the material of the second electrode 4 is Ag (metal silver), Li (metal lithium), Ca (metal calcium), At least one of Al (metal aluminum), Mg (magnesium metal), a mixed material containing LiF (lithium fluoride) and Ca, and a mixture containing LiF and Al, all of which are low work function metals, and the second electrode 4
  • the thickness is relatively thin.
  • LiF lithium fluoride
  • the absolute value of the voltage difference between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4 is U, and when the OLED display device operates, U satisfies: 0 ⁇ U ⁇ 100 V; the first electrode 2 serves as an anode of the OLED display device.
  • the second electrode 4 serves as a cathode of the OLED display device, and the second electrode 4 also functions as a lower electrode of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of an OLED display device, as shown in FIG. 8, the method comprises the following steps:
  • the first electrode 2, the organic functional layer 3 and the second electrode 4 constitute a cavity structure.
  • the organic functional layer 3 includes at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
  • the first electrode 2 includes a first conductive film layer 21, an opaque metal layer 22, and a second conductive film layer 23 which are sequentially stacked;
  • the material of the first conductive thin film layer 21 and the second conductive thin film layer 23 is at least one of ITO, IZO, ZnO, IGO, In 2 O 3 , AZO, and graphene.
  • the material of the second electrode 4 is Ag, Li, Ca, Al, Mg, a mixture comprising LiF and Ca, and at least one of a mixture comprising LiF and Al;
  • Forming the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 on the second electrode 4 includes the following steps:
  • liquid crystal material the acrylate oligomer, the diluent monomer, the photoinitiator and the surfactant are mixed and stirred to obtain a transparent solution;
  • the transparent solution on the surface of the second electrode 4 is cured to obtain a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5.
  • liquid crystal material is a positive liquid crystal material or a negative liquid crystal material.
  • the second electrode 4 on the organic functional layer 3 is a translucent electrode, when the second electrode 4 is prepared on the organic functional layer 3, it does not appear in the organic functional layer. As in the case of the transparent electrode on which the conductive metal oxide is prepared, the high-energy fabrication process causes damage to the organic functional layer 3.
  • the second electrode 4 is further provided with a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 and an upper electrode 6, by controlling the second electrode 4
  • the voltage difference between the upper electrode 6 and the upper electrode 6 can control the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 to be in a transparent state, that is, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is in an open state, so that the OLED display device can only see the display of the screen at a specific viewing angle. Content, so it has anti-spyware capabilities.
  • the liquid crystal in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 By controlling the voltage difference between the second electrode 4 and the upper electrode 6, it is also possible to control the liquid crystal in the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 to be in a scattering state, that is, the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5 is in a closed state, and the OLED display device has a specific emission.
  • the angle light is scattered into the scattering state and diffused to the outside through the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 5.
  • the top emission type OLED display device has a characteristic of a specific exit angle, and the other viewing angles can still see the screen display content, that is, the angles are Can see the screen display content.
  • the OLED display device of the present invention can realize the anti-peeping function, ensure the privacy of the display content of the OLED display device, and can clearly see the display content of the OLED display device from various angles, thereby realizing the switching of the display state of the OLED display device. .

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Abstract

提供一种OLED显示装置及其制备方法，OLED显示装置包括依次层叠的衬底基板（1）、第一电极（2）、有机功能层（3）、第二电极（4）、聚合物分散液晶层（5）、上部电极（6），其中，第一电极为不透明电极，第二电极为半透明电极，且第一电极、有机功能层以及第二电极构成微腔结构。该显示装置及其制备方法不会对有机功能层造成损伤，既可以实现防偷窥功能，保证OLED显示装置显示内容的私密性，还可以从各个角度都看清楚OLED显示装置的显示内容。

Description

一种OLED显示装置及其制备方法
本申请要求于2017年10月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711034229.7、发明名称为“一种OLED显示装置及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，上述专利的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种OLED显示装置及其制备方法。
背景技术
有机电致发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)由于其具有自发光、反应快、视角广、亮度高、轻薄可柔性等优点，其潜在的市场前景被业界看好，成为下一代显示技术的主要发展方向。
根据光取出方式的不同，QLED显示装置可以分为底发射型和顶发射型，其中顶发射型OLED显示装置的光是从顶端取出，这种器件结构能大幅提高显示面板的开口率。顶发射型OLED显示装置一般采用反射金属底电极以及透明或半透明顶电极，其中，透明电极一般为导电金属氧化物，但其高能制作工艺会对有机层造成损伤，不利于保持器件性能；半透明顶电极一般采用薄金属层，薄金属层为了保持其导电性，一般具有10-15nm，这种厚度下的金属薄膜具有一定的光反射性，容易引起徼腔效应，由于徼腔结构的亮度随视角改变而变化，因此可以使得OLED显示装置旁边的人无法看见显示内容，保证显示内容的私密性，但是也产生了视角问题，不利于保持OLED显示装置的显示效果，即不能从各个角度看清楚OLED显示装置的显示内容。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种OLED显示装置及其制备方法，不会对有机功能层造成损伤，既可以实现防偷窥功能，保证OLED显示装置显示内容的私密性，还可以从各个角度都看清楚OLED显示装置的显示内 容。
本发明提供的一种OLED显示装置，包括依次层叠的衬底基板、第一电极、有机功能层、第二电极、聚合物分散液晶层、上部电极，其中，所述第一电极为不透明电极，所述第二电极为半透明电极，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构。
优选地，所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
优选地，所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
其中，所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
优选地，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种。
优选地，所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的电压差的绝对值为U，则U满足；0≤U≤100V；
所述第一电极作为阳极，所述第二电极作为阴极，且所述第二电极还作为所述聚合物分散液晶层的下部电极。
本发明还提供一种OLED显示装置的制备方法，包括下述步骤；
在衬底基板上形成不透明的第一电极；
在所述第一电极上形成有机功能层；
在所述有机功能层上形成半透明的第二电极；
在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层；
在所述聚合物分散液晶层上制备上部电极；
其中，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构。
优选地，所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
优选地，所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
优选地，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种；
在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层，包括下述步骤：
将液晶材料、丙烯酸酯低聚物、稀释单体、光引发剂及表面活性剂混合搅拌得到透明溶液；
采用辊涂法或者刮涂法将所述透明溶液涂敷在所述第二电极的表面；
将所述第二电极的表面上的所述透明溶液进行固化，得到所述聚合物分散液晶层。
优选地，所述液晶材料为正性液晶材料或者负性液晶材料。
本发明还提供一种OLED显示装置的制备方法，包括下述步骤：
在衬底基板上形成不透明的第一电极；
在所述第一电极上形成有机功能层；
在所述有机功能层上形成半透明的第二电极；
在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层；
在所述聚合物分散液晶层上制备上部电极；
其中，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构；
所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
优选地，所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
优选地，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种；
在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层，包括下述步骤：
将液晶材料、丙烯酸酯低聚物、稀释单体、光引发剂及表面活性剂混合 搅拌得到透明溶液；
采用辊涂法或者刮涂法将所述透明溶液涂敷在所述第二电极的表面；
将所述第二电极的表面上的所述透明溶液进行固化，得到所述聚合物分散液晶层。
优选地所述液晶材料为正性液晶材料或者负性液晶材料。
实施本发明，具有如下有益效果：本发明中的OLED显示装置，由于有机功能层上的第二电极为半透明电极，因而在有机功能层上制备第二电极时，不会出现在有机功能层上制备导电金属氧化物的透明电极那样，高能制作工艺对有机功能层造成损伤。其次，因为第一电极、有机功能层和第二电极之间构成徼腔结构，第二电极上还制备有聚合物分散液晶层和上部电极，通过控制第二电极与上部电极之间的电压差，可以控制聚合物分散液晶层呈透明状态，使得OLED显示装置只能在特定的视角下才能看清楚屏幕的显示内容，因此具有防窥功能。
通过控制第二电极与上部电极之间的电压差，还可以控制聚合物分散液晶层内的液晶呈散射态，OLED显示装置出射的具有特定角度的光线经过聚合物分散液晶层时被散射成散射状态出射至外部，特定出射角度被破坏，其他视角仍然能看清屏幕显示内容。
因此，本发明中的OLED显示装置既可以实现防偷窥功能，保证OLED显示装置显示内容的私密性，还可以从各个角度都看清楚OLED显示装置的显示内容，实现OLED显示装置的显示状态的切换。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的OLED显示装置的结构图。
图2是本发明提供的没有给聚合物分散液晶层施加电压时，聚合物分散液晶层的液晶微粒的光轴取向示意图。。
图3是本发明提供的给聚合物分散液晶层施加电压时，聚合物分散液晶 层的液晶微粒的光轴取向示意图。
图4是本发明提供的OLED显示装置及其全介质腔的结构图。
图5是本发明提供的全介质腔的透过率与出射光角度的关系图。
图6是本发明提供的另一实施例中给聚合物分散液晶层施加电压时，对应的OLEd显示装置的结构图。
图7是本发明提供的第一电极的结构图。
图8是本发明提供的OLED显示装置的制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种OLED显示装置，如图1所示，该OLED显示装置包括依次层叠的衬底基板1、第一电极2、有机功能层3、第二电极4、聚合物分散液晶层5、上部电极6，其中，第一电极2为不透明电极，第二电极4为半透明电极。其中，第一电极2、有机功能层3和第二电极4构成徼腔结构，形成徼腔效应；当OLED显示装置工作时，第一电极2与第二电极4之间的电压差的绝对值为0(即第一电极2与第二电极4之间的电场强度为0)或者大于0。OLED显示装置为顶发光型的OLED显示装置。
聚合物分散液晶(PDLC，Ploymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal)是在LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)中使用的液晶单元之一，是将低分子液晶与预聚物相混合，经聚合反应形成微米级的液晶徼滴均匀地分散在高分子网络(即有机固态聚合物基体内，简称基体)中，再利用液晶分子的介电各向异性获得具有电光响应特性的材料，它主要工作在散射态和透明态之间并具有一定的灰度。如图2所示，如果不给聚合物分散液晶层5施加电压，聚合物分散液晶层5的每一个小液滴的光轴呈择优取向，即所有液晶微粒的光轴呈无序取向状态，图2中的箭头表示液晶微粒的光轴取向。
由于液晶是具有强的光学和介电各向异性的材料，其有效折射率不与基体的折射率匹配，入射光线可被强烈散射。如图3所示，当施加外电场时，相列液晶微粒光轴方向统一沿电场方向，图3中的箭头表示液晶微粒的光轴取向，液晶微粒的寻常折射率与基体的折射率达到了一定程度的匹配，光线可透过基体而呈透明态。
目前OLED显示装置的徼腔一般有以下几种结构：全介质腔，全金属腔， 金属介质混和腔。以全介质徼腔OLED显示装置为例，全介质徼腔是OLED显示装置的阴极和阳极两端各具有一DBR反射镜(分布式布拉格反射镜，distributed bragger reflector)的一种徼腔结构，如图4中所示的DBR1和DBR2。全介质腔和常见的OLED显示装置一样，都是以TPD有机材料(一种芳香胺萤光化合物)作为空穴传输层，Alq3作为电子传输层兼作发光层，并以ITO(氧化铟锡)薄膜作为阳极，其光线透过玻璃基板射出，两端的DBR由周期性的结构(TiO2层和SiO2层相互间隔)构成，其周期数可根据实验的需要而改变，以得到不同的反射率和透射率。由两个DBR构成的徼腔结构，其反射率和透过率不管是从峰值强度、还是从谱线的半宽度上来考虑，都要比单个的DBR优异很多，这一结构更能有效地提高器件的外量子效率和单色性，且全介质徼腔的反射光谱具有极强的方向性，当腔内光线的波长一定时，如图5所示，只有在特定的角度上才能观察到发光现象，图5中横坐标为全介质腔出射光的角度(即视角)。
徼腔结构不仅仅适用于底发光型OLED显示装置，同样适用于顶发光型OLED显示装置，一般徼腔结构的亮度会随视角改变而改变，因此可以使得OLED显示装置旁边的人无法看见显示内容，从而保证显示内容的私密性。
本发明提供的OLED显示装置的工作原理如下：
当不需要保证显示内容的私密性时，也就是让上述顶发光型OLED显示装置进行广视角正常显示时，通过控制聚合物分散液晶层5的上部电极6的电压，使聚合物分散液晶层5的上部电极6与聚合物分散液晶层5的下部电极(第二电极4可作为聚合物分散液晶层5的下部电极)之间的电场强度为0，此时上部电极6和下部电极之间没有电压差，聚合物分散液晶层5内的液晶呈散射态，聚合物分散液晶层5处于关闭状态，顶发光型OLED显示装置出射的具有特定角度的光线经过聚合物分散液晶层5时被散射成散射状态出射至外部，上述顶发光型OLED显示装置具有特定出射角度的特性被破坏，除特定出射角度之外的其他视角仍然能看清屏幕显示内容，即各个角度都能够看清楚屏幕显示内容。
另一实施例中，当处于保密防窥模式时，控制聚合物分散液晶层5的上部电极6的电压，使其与聚合物分散液晶层5的下部电极也即是第二电极4 之间的电压差为恒定值(例如电压差恒定值的绝对值可以从0-100V之间选取)，恒定的电压差值要能保证使聚合物分散液晶层5的液晶全部打开，此时聚合物分散液晶层5呈透明状态，如图6所示，聚合物分散液晶层5为透明状态的液晶层51。这样就只能在特定的视角下才能看清楚屏幕的显示内容，因此具有防窥功能。
徼腔效应是指不同能态的光子密度被重新分配，使得只有特定波长的光在复合共振腔模式后，得以在特定的角度出射，徼腔的厚度L(即徼腔的总光学厚度)与徼腔发光光谱的波长峰值可以满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2017111884-appb-000001
其中，m为发射模的级数，m≥1，λm为级数为m的模的波长。
根据上述描述可知，通过调节徼腔的厚度，便可以改变发射模数m的位置以及徼腔的发射波长，以使电致发光光谱的中心波长发生移动，从而改变出光效率。基于此，通过调整徼腔的厚度便可以使该OLED显示装置具有特定的出光效率或特定的视角特性。
因此，我们可以通过调整上述OLED显示装置中第一电极2、第二电极4以及有机功能层3的厚度或者是调整第一电极2和第二电极4的反射率，即可得到具有特定出射视角的顶发光型OLED显示装置。
进一步地，有机功能层3包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
进一步地，如图7所示，第一电极2包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层21、不透明金属层22、第二导电薄膜层23。
其中，第一导电薄膜层21和第二导电薄膜层23的材料为ITO(氧化铟锡)、IZO(氧化铟锌)、ZnO(氧化锌)、IGO(氧化铟镓)、In2O3(氧化铟)、AZO(铝参杂氧化锌)以及石墨烯中的至少一种，均选择高功函数材质。这样可使第一电极2与其上方的有机功能层3的能级相匹配，有助于第一电极2的载流子注入有机功能层3的发光层中。
进一步地，第二电极4的材料为Ag(金属银)、Li(金属锂)、Ca(金属钙)、 Al(金属铝)、Mg(金属镁)、包含LiF(氟化锂)和Ca的混合材料、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种，这些材料均为低功函数金属，第二电极4的厚度相对较薄。需要说明的是，第二电极4的材料中包含有Ca或Al时，还可以同时包含有LiF。
进一步地，第一电极2和第二电极4之间的电压差的绝对值为U，则在OLED显示装置工作时，U满足：0≤U≤100V；第一电极2作为OLED显示装置的阳极，第二电极4作为OLED显示装置的阴极，且第二电极4还作为聚合物分散液晶层5的下部电极。
本发明还提供一种OLED显示装置的制备方法，如图8所示，该方法包括下述步骤：
在衬底基板1上形成不透明的第一电极2；
在第一电极2上形成有机功能层3；
在有机功能层3上形成半透明的第二电极4；
在第二电极4上形成聚合物分散液晶层5；
在聚合物分散液晶层5上制备上部电极6；
其中，第一电极2、有机功能层3和第二电极4构成徼腔结构。
进一步地，有机功能层3包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
进一步地，第一电极2包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层21、不透明金属层22、第二导电薄膜层23；
第一导电薄膜层21和第二导电薄膜层23的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
进一步地，第二电极4的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种；
在第二电极4上形成聚合物分散液晶层5，包括下述步骤：
将液晶材料、丙烯酸酯低聚物、稀释单体、光引发剂及表面活性剂混合搅拌得到透明溶液；
采用辊涂法或者刮涂法将透明溶液涂敷在第二电极4的表面；
将第二电极4的表面上的透明溶液进行固化，得到聚合物分散液晶层5。
进一步地，液晶材料为正性液晶材料或者负性液晶材料。
综上所述，本发明中的OLED显示装置，由于有机功能层3上的第二电极4为半透明电极，因而在有机功能层3上制备第二电极4时，不会出现在有机功能层3上制备导电金属氧化物的透明电极那样，高能制作工艺对有机功能层3造成损伤。其次，因为第一电极2、有机功能层3和第二电极4之间构成了徼腔结构，第二电极4上还制备有聚合物分散液晶层5和上部电极6，通过控制第二电极4与上部电极6之间的电压差，可以控制聚合物分散液晶层5呈透明状态，即聚合物分散液晶层5处于打开状态，使得OLED显示装置只能在特定的视角下才能看清楚屏幕的显示内容，因此具有防窥功能。
通过控制第二电极4与上部电极6之间的电压差，还可以控制聚合物分散液晶层5内的液晶呈散射态，即聚合物分散液晶层5处于关闭状态，OLED显示装置出射的具有特定角度的光线经过聚合物分散液晶层5时被散射成散射状态出射至外部，上述顶发光型OLED显示装置具有特定出射角度的特性被破坏，其他视角仍然能看清屏幕显示内容，即各个角度都能够看清楚屏幕显示内容。
因此，本发明中的OLED显示装置既可以实现防偷窥功能，保证OLED显示装置显示内容的私密性，还可以从各个角度都看清楚OLED显示装置的显示内容，实现OLED显示装置的显示状态的切换。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种OLED显示装置，其中，包括依次层叠的衬底基板、第一电极、有机功能层、第二电极、聚合物分散液晶层、上部电极，其中，所述第一电极为不透明电极，所述第二电极为半透明电极，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示装置，其中，所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示装置，其中，所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
    其中，所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示装置，其中，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的OLED显示装置，其中，
    所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的电压差的绝对值为U，则U满足：0≤U≤100V；
    所述第一电极作为阳极，所述第二电极作为阴极，且所述第二电极还作为所述聚合物分散液晶层的下部电极。
  6. 一种OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，包括下述步骤：
    在衬底基板上形成不透明的第一电极；
    在所述第一电极上形成有机功能层；
    在所述有机功能层上形成半透明的第二电极；
    在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层；
    在所述聚合物分散液晶层上制备上部电极；
    其中，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，
    所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
    所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种；
    在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层，包括下述步骤：
    将液晶材料、丙烯酸酯低聚物、稀释单体、光引发剂及表面活性剂混合搅拌得到透明溶液；
    采用辊涂法或者刮涂法将所述透明溶液涂敷在所述第二电极的表面；
    将所述第二电极的表面上的所述透明溶液进行固化，得到所述聚合物分散液晶层。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，所述液晶材料为正性液晶材料或者负性液晶材料。
  11. 一种OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，包括下述步骤：
    在衬底基板上形成不透明的第一电极；
    在所述第一电极上形成有机功能层；
    在所述有机功能层上形成半透明的第二电极；
    在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层；
    在所述聚合物分散液晶层上制备上部电极；
    其中，且所述第一电极、所述有机功能层以及所述第二电极构成徼腔结构；
    所述有机功能层包括空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的至少一层。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，
    所述第一电极包括依次层叠的第一导电薄膜层、不透明金属层、第二导电薄膜层；
    所述第一导电薄膜层和所述第二导电薄膜层的材料为ITO、IZO、ZnO、IGO、In2O3、AZO以及石墨烯中的至少一种。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，所述第二电极的材料为Ag、Li、Ca、Al、Mg、包含LiF和Ca的混合物、包含LiF和Al的混合物中的至少一种；
    在所述第二电极上形成聚合物分散液晶层，包括下述步骤：
    将液晶材料、丙烯酸酯低聚物、稀释单体、光引发剂及表面活性剂混合搅拌得到透明溶液；
    采用辊涂法或者刮涂法将所述透明溶液涂敷在所述第二电极的表面；
    将所述第二电极的表面上的所述透明溶液进行固化，得到所述聚合物分散液晶层。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的OLED显示装置的制备方法，其中，所述液晶材料为正性液晶材料或者负性液晶材料。
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