WO2019085001A1 - 一种排水系统及方法 - Google Patents
一种排水系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019085001A1 WO2019085001A1 PCT/CN2017/110581 CN2017110581W WO2019085001A1 WO 2019085001 A1 WO2019085001 A1 WO 2019085001A1 CN 2017110581 W CN2017110581 W CN 2017110581W WO 2019085001 A1 WO2019085001 A1 WO 2019085001A1
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- water
- water level
- pump
- water pump
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 672
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 87
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of drainage, and in particular to a drainage system and method.
- the underground drainage system is one of the four major systems in coal mine production. It is responsible for the elimination of underground water accumulation. Whether it can operate normally directly affects the safety of the entire mine production. Once a downhole drainage system fails, it not only affects downhole production, but even floods the mine, endangering the lives of production workers.
- the underground main drainage system can be divided into two categories: manual local control system and automatic control system; among them, the problems of manual local control system have the following two points: 1
- This method is mainly manual manual control, so the water level detection The precision is not high, the operation is random, and the real-time monitoring of the water inflow and the scientific scheduling of the drainage process cannot be realized.
- 2 manual operation can not avoid high-intensity work, especially the operation of the gate valve, the labor volume is the largest.
- the automatic control system partially solves the problem of the manual local control system, but the control function is not perfect, and it is impossible to realize the problem of “unmanned” automatic operation and real-time monitoring and monitoring of the underground personnel; and the equipment failure rate is high.
- the bulletin number is CN204041108U, the utility model patent named “Automatic Drainage System for Mine Tunneling in Coal Mine Mining Area”, which uses the floating ball valve to automatically drain, which is easy to operate and reduces accidents caused by the staff forgetting the operation; however, There is also a problem that the drainage system has a single startup mode and a high equipment failure rate, and the patent is a distributed puddle drainage, and the application has a large limitation, such as only for drainage with a depth of less than 1 m.
- embodiments of the present invention are expected to provide a drainage system and method capable of coping with sudden water inrush, water permeable or water inrush accidents in a mine, and reducing equipment failure rate.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a drainage system including: a water pump set provided with at least two water pumps, a control mechanism that controls operation of the water pump set, and at least one water level sensor, the water pump in the water pump set And a water level sensor are connected to the control mechanism;
- the water level sensor is configured to detect water level information, and send the detected water level information to the control mechanism;
- the control mechanism is configured to instruct the water pump drain in the water pump group when the water level information reaches a preset condition.
- the water level information includes a water level and a water level change speed
- the water level sensor is provided with two preset distances from the pumping port of the water pump.
- control mechanism is a PLC
- control mechanism is provided with a recording component that records the operating condition of each of the water pumps in the water pump group.
- each of the water pump sets is provided with a temperature sensor and a current sensor for detecting the working condition of the water pump, and the temperature sensor and the current sensor are connected to the control mechanism.
- each of the water pumps in the water pump group is separately provided with an inlet pipe and a drain pipe, and each of the water pipes is provided with a water valve; and each of the water valves and the water pump is provided with a detection pipe a water pressure sensor for pumping capacity of the water pump, a drain pipe at each outlet of the water valve is provided with a flow sensor for detecting the pumping capacity of the water pump; the water valve, the water pressure sensor and the flow sensor are all connected with the control mechanism .
- the water pumps in the water pump set are all centrifugal pumps, and the centrifugal pump is provided with a jet pump for assisting the centrifugal pump to generate a negative pressure; the water valve is a gate valve.
- the drainage system further comprises a remote console for remotely monitoring the drainage system, and a field console for controlling the drainage system during maintenance;
- the remote console and the field console are connected to the control mechanism, and the remote console and the field console are provided with operation buttons for controlling the operation of the drainage system.
- the embodiment of the invention further provides a drainage method, the method comprising:
- the water pump set provided with at least two water pumps is drained.
- the acquiring water level information detected by the water level sensor comprises: acquiring a water level and a water level change speed detected by the water level sensor;
- the water pump group When the water level information reaches a preset condition, indicating that the water pump group is provided with at least two water pumps, including: when the water level exceeds a preset water level threshold and/or the water level change speed exceeds a preset water level change speed threshold, the indication The water pump set with at least two pumps is drained.
- the method further includes:
- the usage priority of each water pump is determined according to the operating conditions of each water pump in the water pump group.
- the water level information reaches a preset condition, indicating a water pump group drain provided with at least two water pumps, including:
- the water pump activated in the water pump group is determined according to the water level information and the use priority of each water pump.
- the water level information reaches a preset condition, indicating a water pump group drain provided with at least two water pumps, including:
- the current time is the power low valley time, indicating part of the water pump drain of the water pump group
- the water pump group is instructed to stop draining.
- the method further includes:
- the water pressure in each pump drain pipe is obtained, and when the water pressure is less than the preset water pressure threshold, the corresponding water pump is turned off.
- the method further includes:
- the method further includes:
- the working temperature and the working current of each pump motor are obtained.
- the working temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold and/or the working current is greater than the preset current threshold, the corresponding water pump is turned off.
- the drainage system and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention provide at least one water level sensor for detecting the water level and the water level change speed, and determining the water pump of the water pump group in the drainage system according to the water level and/or the water level change speed acquired by the water level sensor.
- Start up can start the drainage pump set in the drainage system in time to stop the flooding, permeable or water inrush accident in the mine to avoid safety accidents, and by setting at least two pumps, when the displacement is not large, rotate the work and reduce
- the number of pump starts and running time reduces the equipment failure rate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drainage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a drainage system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a third drainage method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of determining the startup of a water pump according to a water level, a water level change speed, and a power consumption time according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- Embodiment 5 is a schematic flow chart of starting a single water pump according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of monitoring the working state of a water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a drainage system including: a water pump set provided with at least two water pumps, a control mechanism that controls operation of the water pump set, and at least one water level sensor that detects water level information, the water pump The water pump and the water level sensor in the group are connected to the control mechanism; when the water level information meets a preset condition, the control mechanism instructs the water pump group to drain.
- the principle of the embodiment of the present invention is: setting at least one water level sensor for detecting the water level and the water level change speed, determining the start of the water pump in the water pump group in the drainage system according to the water level and/or the water level change speed acquired by the water level sensor, In the sudden flooding, permeable or water inrush accident in the mine, start the water pumping group in the drainage system to drain, avoiding safety accidents, and by setting at least two pumps, when the displacement is not large, rotate the work and reduce the number of pump starts. And running time to reduce equipment failure rate.
- a drainage system includes a water pump set 11, a control mechanism 12, and a water level sensor 13;
- the water pump set 11 is configured to: drain according to the instruction of the control mechanism 12, and the water pump set 11 is provided with at least two water pumps, which facilitates the rotation between the water pumps and reduces the equipment failure rate;
- the control mechanism 12 is configured to: when the water level information reaches a preset condition, instruct the water pump group 11 to drain;
- the water level information includes a water level and a water level change speed
- the water level change speed is also referred to as a water level change rate.
- the water level change speed at which the water level is increased is defined as a positive value
- the water level change speed at which the water level is lowered is defined. Negative value, so when the water level change rate is large, it means that the water level increases rapidly;
- the water level information reaches a preset condition, including that the water level exceeds a preset water level threshold and/or the water level change speed exceeds a preset water level change speed threshold.
- the water level sensor 13 is configured to detect water level information and transmit the detected water level information to the control mechanism 12.
- a drainage system includes a water pump group 21, a PLC 22, a water level sensor 23, a gate valve 24, a water pressure sensor 25, a flow sensor 26, and a temperature sensor 27. , current sensor 28, remote console 29 and field console;
- the water pump set 21 is configured to: drain according to the instruction of the PLC 22, and the water pump set 21 is provided with at least two water pumps, so that the rotation between the water pumps is facilitated, and the equipment failure rate is reduced;
- the water pump is a centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump is provided with a jet pump for assisting the centrifugal pump to generate a negative pressure; specifically, the pump starting process includes: first starting the jet pump to generate a negative pressure, that is, the centrifugal pump generates a negative pressure, that is, The degree of vacuum, the inlet pipe absorbs water, and the centrifugal pump starts;
- the jet pump is provided with a negative pressure sensor configured to detect a negative pressure of the jet pump.
- a negative pressure sensor configured to detect a negative pressure of the jet pump.
- the PLC 22 is configured to: when the water level information reaches a preset condition, instruct the water pump group 21 to perform drainage;
- the water level information reaches a preset condition, including that the water level exceeds a preset water level threshold and/or the water level change speed exceeds a preset water level change speed threshold.
- the PLC 22 determines whether the water pump group 21 needs to be drained according to the water level information, and can determine whether the water needs to be drained according to the current time;
- the partial water pump of the water pump group 21 is indicated. drain;
- the first preset water level threshold, the first preset water level change speed threshold, the second preset water level threshold, and the second preset water level change speed threshold are all set according to specific conditions of the required drainage
- the first preset water level threshold and the second preset water level threshold may be determined according to the height of the mine channel, and the first preset water level change speed threshold and the second preset water level change speed threshold may be determined according to the theoretical water storage amount of the mine channel. Etc.;
- the second preset water level threshold and the second preset water level change speed threshold indicate that the water level or the water level change speed is very high, and the water is not drained immediately, which may cause an accident; and the first preset water level threshold and the first preset water level change speed The threshold indicates that the water level or water level changes at a slightly high speed, but it is still within the controllable range. If the current time is the electricity low valley time, drainage can be performed. If it is not the electricity low valley time, the drainage can be suspended.
- the electricity price of electricity low valley time and non-electric electricity valley time is different; thus, it not only balances the grid load, but also saves electricity expenses due to the difference between peak and valley electricity prices; that is, through the shifting peak of the power consumption. ", to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
- the water pump group 21 is instructed to stop draining
- the third preset water level threshold is the lowest water level that can be reached by drainage, that is, when the electricity valley time is used, drain as much as possible, so that the water tank can make as much volume as possible; and if electricity is used During peak hours, the water level can be stopped only if the water level is lower than the first preset water level threshold;
- the maximum energy saving can be achieved by monitoring the grid load in real time, adopting the control strategy of “avoiding peaks and valleys” with electricity, and coordinating the start and stop of the pumps of the pump group, avoiding the start of the “peak segment” and scheduling each.
- the pump works in the “valley” and “flat” periods of the electricity, and discharges the water level of the water tank to the set low position, so that the water tank can free up the largest possible volume to accommodate the “peak”. More mines are flooding without starting the pump.
- the water level and the water level change speed in the water level information can be set separately according to the above-mentioned multiple gear thresholds, so that the number of water pumps activated in the water pump group 21 is more accurate, and the energy consumption can be better reduced. That is, not only can the start of the pump be determined according to the water level, the water level change speed and the peak-to-valley time, but also the water pump can be determined according to the water level, the water level change speed and the peak-to-valley time. Number of movements;
- the threshold setting of the water level information can be continuously corrected according to the use situation.
- the PLC 22 can record the running status of each water pump in the water pump group 21, and determine the usage priority of each water pump according to the operating condition of each water pump in the water pump group 21, and prioritize the use of the water pump.
- the water pump of the high level in this way, the rotation of the water pump can be realized on the basis of the priority of each water pump, the equipment failure rate is reduced, and the service life of the equipment is improved;
- the operating state of the water pump may include: accumulated running time, latest usage time, cumulative usage times, cumulative number of failures, and the like.
- the PLC 22 can realize the function of recording the running state of the water pump by writing a corresponding program, or can be implemented by a separate recorder.
- the PLC 22 is further configured to: according to the water pressure in each water pump drain pipe, determine the pumping capacity of the water pump, and turn off the water pump with poor pumping capacity; according to the flow rate in the drain pipe and the opening state of the gate valve 24, determine the Describe the pumping capacity of the pump and turn off the pump with poor pumping capacity; determine the working load of the pump according to the working temperature and working current of each pump motor, and close the pump with heavy working load;
- the water pressure in the drain pipe refers to the water body pressure of the drain pipe between the gate valve 24 and the water pump group 21, that is, the water pressure at the water outlet of the water pump, and in the absence of other abnormal conditions, the water pressure It can reflect the pumping capacity of the pump. If the water pressure is small, the pump pumping capacity is not good, that is, the pump may be faulty;
- the flow rate in the drain pipe refers to the discharge flow rate at the outlet of the gate valve 24.
- the PLC 22 can monitor the performance and working conditions of the water pump or the water pump motor according to the water pressure in each pump drain pipe or the flow rate in the drain pipe, that is, any one of the water pressure sensor 25 and the flow sensor 26.
- the water pressure or flow rate can indicate the performance of the pump or pump motor. Poor or poor working conditions.
- the working temperature and working current of each pump motor are used to reflect the working load of the pump motor. If there is impurity in the water body that causes the resistance to increase, or the shaft or bearing of the pump motor is worn or poorly lubricated, the load is increased. , may cause the pump motor operating temperature to rise and / or increase the operating current; of course, there are still a small number of other reasons for the pump motor operating temperature and operating current increase, such as long working hours, high ambient temperature, etc., however, Whatever the cause, it means that the pump may be faulty. Therefore, shutting down the pump with high working temperature or large working current in time can reduce the equipment failure rate and improve the service life of the equipment;
- the water level sensor 23 is configured to: detect water level information, and send the detected water level information to the PLC 22;
- the water level sensor 23 is provided with two preset distances from the pumping port of the water pump respectively;
- the preset distance may be set according to the specific situation of the required drainage, such as the length of the mine passage, to ensure that the two water level sensors 23 are evenly arranged in the mine passage.
- the gate valve 24 is configured to: when the water pressure in the drain pipe is greater than a preset water pressure threshold, open the valve drain; here, it should be noted that if the water pressure is not greater than the preset water pressure threshold, the valve cannot be opened, otherwise the water pump will be hindered
- the internal negative pressure is formed, which affects the water absorption capacity of the pump and may damage the water pump;
- the gate valve 24 is further provided with a pressure sensor configured to monitor the pressure at the bottom of the shutter so as to stop the action of the hydraulic cylinder in time, avoiding the stall of the hydraulic pump motor and the lagper over-traveling. Or other parts deformation problem; at the same time, the hydraulic valve of the gate valve hydraulic system is also provided with a relief valve, so that when the gate is opened or closed, it arrives After the predetermined position, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pipeline is unloaded through the overflow valve, further avoiding the problem that the hydraulic pump motor is blocked and the brake plate over-stroke causes the brake plate or other components to be deformed.
- the preset water pressure threshold is set according to the type and specification of the specific water pump, and the general manufacturer has a recommended value
- the gate valve 24 is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the water pump, that is, the drain pipe of each water pump is provided with a gate valve 24, and the gate valve 24 is separately shown in FIG. 2, in order to facilitate the expression of the electrical connection between the gate valve 24 and the PLC 22. relationship.
- the water pressure sensor 25 is configured to: detect a water pressure of a drain pipe between the gate valve 24 and the water pump group 21;
- the flow sensor 26 is configured to: detect a drainage flow at an outlet of the gate valve 24;
- the temperature sensor 27 and the current sensor 28 are configured to: detect an operating temperature and an operating current of the water pump motor;
- the remote console 29 is configured to: receive information about the working state of the drainage system sent by the PLC 22, and display the working state of the entire drainage system through the display screen and/or the indicator light; and configure the emergency Remote operation of the drainage system in the case; the remote console 29 is provided with an operation button for controlling the operation of the drainage system;
- the remote operation of the remote console 29 includes two modes, one is a manual mode and the other is a semi-automatic mode; in the manual mode, the water pump group 21 is activated or deactivated, which pumps are activated, and more is started. For a long time, when the pump fails or immediately shuts down, the operator manually operates; in the semi-automatic mode, the operator starts or shuts down the water pump group 21 according to the water level information, but how many pumps are activated, how long to start, When the pump fails, it is automatically controlled by the drainage system.
- the field console is configured to: manually control the drainage system during an emergency or maintenance; the field console is provided with an operation button for controlling operation of the drainage system.
- the drainage system of the embodiment of the present invention uses a plurality of detecting components to accurately know The water level, the water level change speed, the performance of the water pump and the working conditions, using a variety of drainage methods, can cope with sudden water inrush, water seepage or water inrush accidents in the mine; and according to the operating conditions of each pump in the water pump group 21, determine each The priority of the use of the pump, regular rotation, greatly reducing the equipment failure rate, and because of the use of a variety of detection components and a variety of drainage methods, can adapt to more applications, more widely used.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a third drainage method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method includes:
- Step 301 Acquire water level information detected by the water level sensor.
- the drainage system includes a water pump group, a PLC, and a water level sensor, and the PLC acquires water level information through a water level sensor;
- the obtaining the water level information detected by the water level sensor comprises:
- the PLC acquires the water level and the water level change speed detected by the water level sensor
- the water level change speed also referred to as the water level change rate
- a water level change speed at which the water level is lowered is defined as a negative value, so that the water level change rate is large.
- the method further includes:
- the PLC records the operation status of each water pump in the water pump group
- the PLC determines the priority of each pump; thus, the pump can be rotated on the basis of the priority of each pump, reducing the equipment failure rate and improving the service life of the equipment;
- the running state of the water pump may include: an accumulated running time, a latest usage time, a cumulative usage count, a cumulative number of failures, and the like;
- the PLC can realize the function of recording the running condition of the water pump by writing a corresponding program, or can be implemented by attaching a separate recorder.
- the drainage system is further provided with a remote console, and the water level and the water level change speed acquired by the PLC can be visually displayed on the display large screen of the remote console.
- Step 302 When the water level information reaches a preset condition, indicating that the water pump set provided with at least two water pumps is drained.
- the water level information reaches a preset condition, including that the water level exceeds a preset water level threshold and/or the water level change speed exceeds a preset water level change speed threshold.
- the PLC instructs the water pump set that is provided with at least two water pumps to drain, including:
- the PLC determines the water pump activated in the water pump group according to the water level information and the use priority of each water pump;
- the rotation start can reduce the equipment failure rate and improve the service life of the equipment
- the drainage may further include:
- the PLC indicates part of the water pump drain of the water pump group
- the PLC instructs all the water pump drains of the water pump group
- the first preset water level threshold, the first preset water level change speed threshold, the second preset water level threshold, and the second preset water level change speed threshold are all set according to specific conditions of the required drainage, such as according to the mine.
- the height of the channel may determine a first preset water level threshold and a second preset water level threshold, and determine a first preset water level change speed threshold and a second preset water level change speed threshold according to a theoretical water storage amount of the mine channel;
- the second preset water level threshold and the second preset water level change speed threshold represent a water level or a water level The speed of change is very high, not draining immediately, which may cause an accident; and the first preset water level threshold and the first preset water level change speed threshold indicate that the water level or water level change speed is somewhat high, but still in a controllable range, if the current time It is time to use electricity to drain, and if it is not electricity, it can be drained.
- the electricity price of electricity low valley time and non-electric electricity valley time is different; thus, it not only balances the grid load, but also saves electricity expenses due to the difference between peak and valley electricity prices; that is, through the shifting peak of the power consumption. ", to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
- the water pump group is instructed to stop draining
- the third preset water level threshold is the lowest water level that can be reached by drainage, that is, when the electricity valley time is used, drain as much as possible, so that the water tank can make as much volume as possible; and if electricity is used During peak hours, the water level can be stopped only if the water level is lower than the first preset water level threshold;
- the maximum energy saving can be achieved by monitoring the grid load in real time, adopting the control strategy of “avoiding peaks and valleys” with electricity, and coordinating the start and stop of the pumps of the pump group, avoiding the start of the “peak segment” and scheduling each.
- the pump works in the “valley” and “flat” periods of the electricity, and discharges the water level of the water tank to the set low position, so that the water tank can free up the largest possible volume to accommodate the “peak”. More mines are flooding without starting the pump.
- the water level and the water level change speed in the water level information can be respectively set to be more than the above-mentioned multiple thresholds, so that the number of water pumps activated in the water pump group is more accurate, and the energy consumption can be better reduced; That is to say, not only can the start of the water pump be determined according to the water level, the water level change speed and the peak-to-valley time, but also the number of pump start-ups can be determined according to the water level, the water level change speed and the peak-to-valley time;
- the pump set can be manually operated through the operation buttons set by the remote console for drainage, or the pump set can be drained through the field console.
- the method further includes:
- the PLC obtains the water pressure in each pump drain pipe, and when the water pressure is less than the preset water pressure threshold, the water pump is turned off.
- the water pressure in the drain pipe refers to the water body pressure of the drain pipe between the gate valve and the water pump, that is, the water pressure at the water outlet of the water pump, and the water pressure can reflect the water in the absence of other abnormal conditions.
- the pumping capacity of the pump if the water pressure is less than the preset water pressure threshold, indicates that the pump pumping capacity is not good, that is, the pump may be faulty; the preset water pressure threshold is set according to the type and specification of the specific pump, and the general manufacturer There will be recommended values.
- the method further includes:
- the PLC obtains the flow rate in each pump drain pipe and the opening state of the water valve. When the water valve is fully opened, the flow rate is less than the preset flow threshold, and the corresponding water pump is turned off;
- the flow rate in the drain pipe refers to the discharge flow rate at the outlet of the gate valve.
- the flow rate here can also reflect the pumping capacity of the water pump.
- the preset flow threshold is set according to the type and specification of the specific pump, and the general manufacturer has a recommended value.
- the method further includes:
- the PLC obtains the working temperature and the working current of each pump motor.
- the working temperature is greater than the preset temperature threshold and/or the working current is greater than the preset current threshold, the corresponding water pump is turned off.
- the working temperature and working current of each pump motor are used to reflect the working load of the pump motor. If there is impurity in the water body that causes the resistance to increase, or the shaft or bearing of the pump motor is worn or poorly lubricated, the load is increased. , may cause the pump motor operating temperature to rise and / or The working current increases; of course, there are still a small number of other reasons that cause the operating temperature and operating current of the pump motor to increase, such as long working hours and high ambient temperature. However, regardless of the cause, the pump may have Fault, so timely shut down the pump with high working temperature or high working current, can reduce the equipment failure rate and improve the service life of the equipment;
- the preset temperature threshold and the preset current threshold are set according to the type and specification of the specific water pump, and the general manufacturer has a recommended value.
- the corresponding pump can be manually stopped by the operation button set by the remote console, or the corresponding pump can be stopped directly by the field console.
- the drainage method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts a plurality of detecting components, and can accurately know the water level, the water level change speed, the performance of the water pump and the working condition, and adopt various drainage methods to cope with the sudden water inflow and water permeability of the mine or Water inrush accident; according to the operation status of each water pump in the water pump group, determine the priority of each water pump, periodically rotate, greatly reducing the equipment failure rate, and also because of the use of multiple detection components and multiple drainage methods Can adapt to more applications.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a flow of starting a water pump according to a water level, a water level change speed, and a power consumption time according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the process includes:
- Step 401 reading the water level change rate; the PLC reads from the water level sensor, in order to ensure reliable monitoring, generally at least two water level sensors are set;
- Step 402 confirm whether the water level change rate is greater than t1; when the water level change rate is greater than t1, start all the pumps of the drainage system and alarm, otherwise, proceed to step 403;
- t1 is the preset water level change rate value, and greater than t1 means that the water level changes very fast. It is necessary to start all pumps and turn on the alarm, otherwise there will be serious consequences; t1 will be set according to the specific conditions of the required drainage, such as the theoretical storage capacity of the mine channel;
- Step 403 Read the water level; the PLC reads from the water level sensor;
- Step 404 confirm whether the water level is greater than 2H; when the water level is greater than 2H, proceeds to step 405, otherwise returns to step 401;
- H is the preset water level value. If it is greater than 2H, the water level is beyond the normal water level, but it does not need to drain immediately. If it is greater than 3H, the water level is a bit high, and it needs to be drained. However, if it is not in the low valley period, it can be slowed down to save energy. Consumption, greater than 4H, must be drained immediately, and all pumps need to be started; H will be set according to the specific conditions of the required drainage, such as the height of the mine channel;
- Step 405 confirm whether the water level is greater than 3H; when the water level is greater than 3H, proceeds to step 407, otherwise proceeds to step 406;
- Step 406 confirm whether the current time is the power valley time, the power valley time is referred to as the valley segment; if yes, start any pump in the drainage system, otherwise return to step 405;
- Step 407 confirm whether the water level is greater than 4H; when the water level is greater than 4H, start all the water pumps in the drainage system to drain, otherwise proceed to step 408;
- Step 408 Re-confirm whether the current time is the power low valley time; if yes, start a single or part of the water pump in the drainage system, otherwise, proceed to step 409;
- starting a single pump or a part of the water pump can be started according to the priority of each pump.
- Step 409 Read the water level change rate again to confirm whether the water level change rate has a sudden change
- Step 410 confirm whether the water level change rate is greater than t2; when the water level change rate is greater than t2, start a single or partial water pump in the drainage system, otherwise return to step 409;
- starting a single water pump or a part of the water pump may be rotated according to the priority of use of each water pump;
- t2 is the preset water level change rate value, and greater than t2 means that the water level change speed is a bit fast, Drainage is required, but if it is not used during the low-level period, it can be slowed down to save energy; t2 will be set according to the specific conditions of the required drainage, such as the theoretical storage capacity of the mine channel;
- the preset time interval can be set according to the general hydrological conditions of the drainage area, such as the water seepage of the mine channel.
- the embodiment is applicable to: according to the water level information, only one water pump is required to perform the pumping process. For the convenience of description, the water pump and the pipeline started by the process are simply referred to as 1# pump;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a single water pump starting according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the process includes:
- Step 501 Start the jet pump; inject water and exhaust through the jet pump to reach the centrifugal pump air to generate a preset negative pressure, that is, generate a certain vacuum; when the negative pressure reaches the preset negative pressure threshold, the centrifugal pump The inlet pipe valve is opened and water is drawn into the centrifugal pump chamber;
- the jet pump is provided with a negative pressure sensor or a vacuum gauge for detecting a negative pressure; the preset negative pressure threshold is set according to the type and specification of the specific water pump, and the general manufacturer has a recommended value.
- Step 502 confirm whether the centrifugal pump chamber is full of water; confirm by a negative pressure sensor or a vacuum gauge, and when it is confirmed that the water is full, proceed to step 503, otherwise confirm that the 1# pump is faulty and exit the rotation;
- Step 503 start the centrifugal pump; after starting the centrifugal pump, the impeller of the centrifugal pump will pump out the water in the cavity and enter the drain pipe, and the centrifugal pump cavity again generates a negative pressure, and the water is again sucked in and continuously circulated;
- Step 504 Confirm whether the water pressure of the drain port reaches the set value
- the water pressure at the drain port refers to the water pressure of the drain pipe located between the drain gate valve and the centrifugal pump, that is, the water pressure at the water outlet of the centrifugal pump; in the absence of other abnormalities, The water pressure of the drain port can reflect the working state of the centrifugal pump. If the water pressure is small, the water pumping capacity of the pump is not good;
- step 505 If the water pressure of the drain reaches the set value, proceed to step 505, otherwise confirm that the 1# pump is faulty and exit the rotation;
- Step 505 Open the gate valve for drainage; note: the gate valve cannot be opened when the water pressure of the drain port does not reach the set value, otherwise the negative pressure value of the centrifugal pump chamber may be affected;
- Step 506 Confirm whether the total amount of drainage reaches the set value; because the water level information indicates that only one centrifugal pump is required to pump water, in order to facilitate the rotation of the water pump, the total amount of drainage of the single centrifugal pump is limited to reach a set value, and the centrifuge is performed. The pump stops draining; if it is necessary to continue draining according to the water level information, start another centrifugal pump.
- the embodiment is applicable to: monitoring the working state of the water pump in the drainage system through various sensors, so as to timely find the faulty equipment and timely repairing;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart of monitoring the working state of a water pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the process includes:
- Step 601 Confirm whether the water pump is running; if it is running, go to step 602, otherwise stop working state monitoring;
- Step 602 Monitor whether the pump current is normal; if it normally enters step 603, otherwise issue an alarm signal of “current limit” and lock the faulty water pump to stop the pump operation;
- the alarm can be alarmed by the sound and light alarm component, and can be alarmed at the scene, alarmed at the remote console, or both, the same below;
- Step 603 Monitor whether the water pressure is normal; if it normally enters step 604, otherwise issue an alarm signal of “insufficient pressure”, and lock the faulty water pump to stop the pump operation;
- Step 604 Monitor whether the temperature is normal; if it enters step 605 normally, otherwise issue an alarm signal of “temperature over limit” and lock the faulty water pump to stop the pump operation;
- Step 605 Monitor whether the negative pressure is normal; if the routine proceeds to step 606, otherwise issue an alarm signal of “underpressure” and stop the pump operation;
- Step 606 Monitor whether the power is off; if the power is off, start the EPS (Emergency Power Supply) emergency power; otherwise, return to step 601.
- EPS Emergency Power Supply
- the drainage system and method provided by the embodiments of the present invention provide at least one water level sensor for detecting the water level and the water level change speed, and determining the water pump of the water pump group in the drainage system according to the water level and/or the water level change speed acquired by the water level sensor.
- Start up can start the drainage pump set in the drainage system in time to stop the flooding, permeable or water inrush accident in the mine to avoid safety accidents, and by setting at least two pumps, when the displacement is not large, rotate the work and reduce
- the number of pump starts and running time reduces the equipment failure rate.
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Abstract
一种排水系统及方法，排水系统包括：设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组(11，21)、控制水泵组(11，21)运行的控制机构(12，22)以及至少一个检测水位信息的水位传感器(13，23)，水泵组(11，21)中的水泵和水位传感器(13，23)均和控制机构(12，22)连接，水位传感器(13，23)配置为检测水位信息，并将检测到的水位信息发送给控制机构(12，22)，控制机构(12，22)配置为在水位信息达到预设条件时，指示水泵组(11，21)中的水泵排水。该方法包括：获取水位传感器检测的水位信息；水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。该系统及方法能及时排水，避免安全事故，且可减少水泵启动次数和运行时间，降低设备故障率。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201711060147.X、申请日为2017年11月1日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
本发明涉及排水技术领域，具体涉及一种排水系统及方法。
随着煤炭行业高产高效的发展，矿井安全问题已成为制约煤炭生产的关键因素。井下排水系统是煤矿生产中四大系统之一，担负着井下积水排除的重要任务，其能否正常运行直接影响着整个矿井生产的安全性。井下排水系统一旦发生故障，不仅影响井下生产，甚至会使矿井淹没，危及生产工人的生命。
目前，井下主排水系统可分为人工就地控制系统与自动控制系统两大类；其中，人工就地控制系统存在的问题有如下两点：①该方式以人工手动控制为主，因而水位检测精度不高，操作随意性大，无法实现涌水量的实时监测和排水过程的科学调度。涌水量突然增大时，操作人员若未及时发现和处理，将导致重大安全事故的发生；②人工操作无法避免高强度的工作，尤其是闸阀的操作，劳动量最大。而自动控制系统，虽然部分解决了人工就地控制系统的问题，但存在控制功能不健全，无法实现井下“无人值守”自动化运行、井上人员实时监测监控的问题；并且设备故障率较高。
针对自动控制系统的问题，业界也提出了很多解决方案，例如公开号为CN106194761A，名称为“中转水仓的自动化排水系统”发明专利申请，利用负压水箱和离心泵，通过负压来抽取中转水仓中的液体，省去了现有的出水电动闸阀、注水电动球阀、排气电动球阀和底阀，简化了自动化排水系统的结构，易于维修和更换，降低了成本；但是，此方案的排水系统启动方式单一，无法应对矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故，只能解决局部排水问题，无法承担整个矿井的排水，并且存在设备故障率较高的问题。
再如，公告号为CN204041108U，名称为“煤矿采区轨道下山掘进自动化排水系统”的实用新型专利，利用浮球阀自动进行排水，操作简单，减少了因为工作人员忘记操作而引发的事故；但是，同样存在排水系统启动方式单一、设备故障率较高的问题，且该专利为分散式水坑排水，应用有较大局限，如只适用于深度小于1m情况的排水。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明实施例期望提供一种排水系统及方法，能应对矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故，降低设备故障率。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明实施例提供了一种排水系统，所述排水系统包括：设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组、控制所述水泵组运行的控制机构、以及至少一个水位传感器，所述水泵组中的水泵与水位传感器均和所述控制机构连接；
所述水位传感器，配置为检测水位信息，并将检测到的水位信息发送给所述控制机构；
所述控制机构，配置为在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示所述水泵组中的水泵排水。
优选地，所述水位信息包括水位和水位变化速度；
所述水位传感器设有两个，分别距离所述水泵的抽水口预设距离。
优选地，所述控制机构为PLC，所述控制机构设有记录所述水泵组中每个水泵运行状况的记录部件。
优选地，所述水泵组中的每个水泵上均设置有检测所述水泵工作负载情况的温度传感器和电流传感器，所述温度传感器和电流传感器与所述控制机构连接。
优选地，所述水泵组中的每个水泵均单独设有进水管和排水管，各个排水管均设有水阀；各所述水阀和所述水泵之间的排水管中均设置有检测所述水泵抽水能力的水压传感器，各所述水阀出口处的排水管设有检测所述水泵抽水能力的流量传感器；所述水阀、水压传感器和流量传感器均与所述控制机构连接。
优选地，所述水泵组中的水泵均为离心泵，所述离心泵的上方均设有帮助所述离心泵产生负压的射流泵；所述水阀为闸阀。
优选地，所述排水系统还包括远程监控所述排水系统的远程控制台、以及便于维修时控制所述排水系统的现场操作台；
所述远程控制台和现场操作台均连接所述控制机构，所述远程控制台和现场操作台均设有控制所述排水系统运行的操作按键。
本发明实施例还提供了一种排水方法，所述方法包括：
获取水位传感器检测的水位信息；
所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。
优选地，所述获取水位传感器检测的水位信息，包括：获取水位传感器检测的水位和水位变化速度；
所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：所述水位超过预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过预设水位变化速度阈值时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。
优选地，在所述获取水位传感器检测的水位信息之前，所述方法还包括：
记录所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况；
根据所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级。
优选地，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：
根据所述水位信息及各水泵的使用优先级，确定所述水泵组中启动的水泵。
优选地，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：
所述水位超过第一预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第一预设水位变化速度阈值，且当前时间为用电低谷时间时，指示所述水泵组的部分水泵排水；
所述水位超过第二预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第二预设水位变化速度阈值时，指示所述水泵组的全部水泵排水；
当所述水位低于第三预设水位阈值，或者当前时间为用电高峰时间且水位低于第一预设水位阈值时，指示所述水泵组停止排水。
优选地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
获取各水泵排水管内的水压，当所述水压小于预设水压阈值时，关闭对应的水泵。
优选地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
获取各水泵排水管内的流量和水阀的开启状态，当水阀完全开启时，所述流量小于预设流量阈值的，关闭对应的水泵。
优选地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
获取各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，当所述工作温度大于预设温度阈值和/或工作电流大于预设电流阈值，关闭对应的水泵。
本发明实施例提供的排水系统及方法，设置至少一个检测水位和水位变化速度的水位传感器，根据所述水位传感器获取的水位和/或水位变化速度，确定所述排水系统中水泵组内水泵的启动，能在矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故时及时启动排水系统中的水泵组进行排水，避免引发安全事故，且通过设置至少两个水泵，在排水量不大时，轮换工作，减少水泵启动次数和运行时间，降低设备故障率。
图1为本发明实施例一排水系统的示意图；
图2为本发明实施例二排水系统的示意图；
图3为本发明实施例三排水方法的流程示意图；
图4为本发明实施例四根据水位、水位变化速度和用电时间确定水泵启动的流程示意图；
图5为本发明实施例五单个水泵启动的流程示意图；
图6为本发明实施例六水泵工作状态监测的流程示意图。
本发明实施例提供了一种排水系统，所述排水系统包括：设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组、控制所述水泵组运行的控制机构、以及至少一个检测水位信息的水位传感器，所述水泵组中的水泵和水位传感器均和所述控制机构连接；所述水位信息符合预设条件时，所述控制机构指示所述水泵组排水。
本发明实施例的原理是：设置至少一个检测水位和水位变化速度的水位传感器，根据所述水位传感器获取的水位和/或水位变化速度，确定所述排水系统中水泵组内水泵的启动，能在矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故时及时启动排水系统中的水泵组进行排水，避免引发安全事故，且通过设置至少两个水泵，在排水量不大时，轮换工作，减少水泵启动次数和运行时间，降低设备故障率。
为了能够更加详尽地了解本发明实施例的特点与技术内容，下面结合附图以及具体的应用实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述，所附附图仅供参考说明之用，并非用来限定本发明实施例。
实施例一
图1为本发明实施例一排水系统的示意图，如图1所示，一种排水系统，包括水泵组11、控制机构12和水位传感器13；其中，
所述水泵组11，配置为：根据所述控制机构12的指令进行排水，所述水泵组11至少设有两个水泵，这样便于水泵间轮换工作，降低设备故障率；
所述控制机构12，配置为：所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示所述水泵组11进行排水；
这里，所述水位信息包括水位和水位变化速度，所述水位变化速度，也称为水位变化率，为便于处理，将水位增加的水位变化速度定义为正值，将水位降低的水位变化速度定义为负值，这样，当水位变化率大时，就表示水位增加速度快；
所述水位信息达到预设条件，包括水位超过预设水位阈值和/或水位变化速度超过预设水位变化速度阈值。
所述水位传感器13，配置为：检测水位信息，并将检测到的水位信息发送给所述控制机构12。
实施例二
图2为本发明实施例二排水系统的示意图，如图2所示，一种排水系统，包括水泵组21、PLC22、水位传感器23、闸阀24、水压传感器25、流量传感器26、温度传感器27、电流传感器28、远程控制台29和现场操作台；其中，
所述水泵组21，配置为：根据所述PLC22的指令进行排水，所述水泵组21至少设有两个水泵，这样便于水泵间轮换工作，降低设备故障率；
所述水泵均为离心泵，所述离心泵的上方均设有帮助所述离心泵产生负压的射流泵；具体地，水泵启动流程包括：先启动射流泵，使离心泵产生负压，即真空度，进水管吸水，离心泵启动；
其中，所述射流泵设置有负压传感器，配置为检测射流泵的负压，当负压到达预设负压阈值时，离心泵的进水管阀门打开，水被吸入离心泵腔体，启动离心泵。
所述PLC22，配置为：所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示所述水泵组21进行排水；
所述水位信息达到预设条件，包括水位超过预设水位阈值和/或水位变化速度超过预设水位变化速度阈值。
进一步地，所述PLC22除了根据水位信息，来确定所述水泵组21是否需要排水外，还可以结合当前时间确定是否需要排水；
具体地，所述水位超过第一预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第一预设水位变化速度阈值，且当前时间为用电低谷时间时，指示所述水泵组21的部分水泵排水；
所述水位超过第二预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第二预设水位变化速度阈值时，指示所述水泵组21的全部水泵排水；
这里，所述第一预设水位阈值、第一预设水位变化速度阈值、第二预设水位阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值均是根据需排水处的具体情况设
定，如根据矿井通道的高度可确定第一预设水位阈值和第二预设水位阈值、根据矿井通道的理论蓄水量确定第一预设水位变化速度阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值等；其中，
所述第二预设水位阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值表示水位或水位变化速度非常高，不马上排水，可能会引发事故；而第一预设水位阈值和第一预设水位变化速度阈值表示水位或水位变化速度有点高，但还在可控制的范围，如果当前时间是用电低谷时间，可以进行排水，如果不是用电低谷时间，可以暂缓排水。
这里，用电低谷时间和非用电低谷时间的电价是不一样的；这样，既平衡电网负荷，也因为峰谷电价的不同而节省电费支出；也就是通过对电力消耗的“移峰填谷”，达到节能的目的。
当所述水位低于第三预设水位阈值，或者当前时间为用电高峰时间且水位低于第一预设水位阈值时，指示所述水泵组21停止排水；
这里，所述第三预设水位阈值是通过排水所能达到的最低水位，即在用电低谷时间时，尽可能多排水，以便水仓能腾出尽可能大的容积；而如果在用电高峰时间，只需水位低于第一预设水位阈值，即可停止排水；
也就是说，最大限度的节约电能，可以通过实时监测电网负荷，采取用电“避峰就谷”的控制策略，统筹调度水泵组水泵的启停，尽量避免在“峰段”启动，调度各水泵在用电的“谷段”和“平段”时间段工作，将水仓的水位排至设定的低位，以便水仓能够腾出尽可能大的容积，使其在“峰段”容纳更多的矿井涌水而不用启动水泵。
进一步地，所述水位信息中的水位和水位变化速度可以分别设置除上面提到的更多档阈值，这样，所述水泵组21中启动的水泵数量就更精确，也能更好降低能耗；也就是不仅可以根据水位、水位变化速度及峰谷时间决定水泵的启动，还可以根据水位、水位变化速度及峰谷时间决定水泵启
动的数量；
能够理解的是，所述水位信息的阈值设置可以根据使用情况，不断修正。
更进一步地，所述PLC22能记录所述水泵组21中的每个水泵的运行状况，并根据所述水泵组21中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级，优先启动使用优先级高的水泵；这样，可以在各水泵使用优先级的基础上实现水泵的轮换工作，降低设备故障率，提高设备使用寿命；
所述水泵的运行状态可以包括：累计运行时间、最近一次使用时间、累计使用次数、累计发生故障次数等。
所述PLC22可以通过编写相应的程序实现记录所水泵运行状况的功能，也可以附设单独的记录仪实现。
所述PLC22，还配置为：根据各水泵排水管内的水压，确定所述水泵的抽水能力，并关闭抽水能力不佳的水泵；根据所述排水管内的流量和闸阀24的开启状态，确定所述水泵的抽水能力，并关闭抽水能力不佳的水泵；根据各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，确定水泵的工作负载情况，并关闭工作负载重的水泵；
这里，所述排水管内的水压是指位于闸阀24与水泵组21之间的排水管的水体压力，也就是紧挨着水泵的出水口处的水压，在没有其它异常情况时，水压能反映所述水泵的抽水能力，如果水压小，说明水泵抽水能力不佳，也就是水泵可能有故障；
所述排水管内的流量是指位于闸阀24出口处的排水流量，在闸阀24完全开启时，如果此处的流量小，也说明水泵抽水能力不佳；
综上：所述PLC22可以根据各水泵排水管内的水压或所述排水管内的流量监测所述水泵或水泵电机的性能和工况，即所述水压传感器25、流量传感器26中任一个检测到水压或流量小，都能说明水泵或水泵电机的性能
不佳或工况不良。
所述各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，用于反映水泵电机的工作负载情况，如果水体中有导致阻力增大的杂质、或者是水泵电机的轴或轴承磨损或润滑不佳，导致负载增加，都可能导致水泵电机工作温度升高和/或工作电流增大；当然，还有很少一部分是其它原因导致水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流增加，如工作时间长、环境温度高等，但是，不管何种原因导致的，都说明水泵可能有故障，因此及时关闭工作温度高或工作电流大的水泵，能降低设备故障率，提高设备使用寿命；
进一步地，所述PLC22在关闭了可能有故障的水泵后，会启动其它空闲的水泵，如果没有空闲的水泵，会发出相应的警告信息；当然，所述排水系统的水泵组的总体排水量设计有一定的裕量，即使在个别水泵因为故障退出使用后，也不至于产生太大的问题。
所述水位传感器23，配置为：检测水位信息，并将检测到的水位信息发送给所述PLC22；
为了确保准确检测水位信息，所述水位传感器23设有两个，分别距离所述水泵的抽水口预设距离；
所述预设距离可以根据需排水处的具体情况设定，如矿井通道的长度，保证两个水位传感器23均匀布置在所述矿井通道内。
所述闸阀24，配置为：当排水管内的水压大于预设水压阈值时，开启阀门排水；这里需注意，如果水压不大于预设水压阈值，不能开启阀门，否则，将阻碍水泵内部负压形成，影响水泵吸水能力，还可能损坏水泵；
具体地，所述闸阀24还设有压力传感器，所述压力传感器配置为监测闸板底部的压力，以便及时停止液压缸的动作，避免发生液压泵电机的堵转、闸板过行程导致闸板或其它零部件变形的问题；同时，闸阀液压系统的液压管道中还设置有溢流阀，这样，在闸板的开启或关闭完成，即到达
预定位置后，液压管道中的液压油通过溢流阀卸荷，进一步避免发生液压泵电机堵转，闸板过行程导致闸板或其它零部件变形的问题。
所述预设水压阈值根据具体水泵的类型、规格等设置，一般生产厂家会有推荐值；
所述闸阀24的设置是和所述水泵一一对应的，即每个水泵的排水管都设有闸阀24，图2中将闸阀24单独示出，是为便于表达闸阀24与PLC22的电连接关系。
所述水压传感器25，配置为：检测闸阀24与水泵组21之间的排水管的水压；
所述流量传感器26，配置为：检测闸阀24出口处的排水流量；
所述温度传感器27和电流传感器28，配置为：检测水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流；
所述远程控制台29，配置为：接收所述PLC22发送的关于排水系统工作状态的信息，并通过显示屏和/或指示灯显示，对整个排水系统的工作状态进行远程监控；还配置为紧急情况时对所述排水系统的远程操作；所述远程控制台29设有控制所述排水系统运行的操作按键；
所述远程控制台29的远程操作，包括两种模式，一种为手动模式，一种为半自动模式；在手动模式下，所述水泵组21的启动或关闭，启动哪几台水泵，启动多长时间，当水泵出现故障是否立即关闭等都是操作者手动操作；在半自动模式下，操作者根据水位信息情况，启动或关闭水泵组21，但是具体启动哪几台水泵，启动多长时间，当水泵出现故障是否立即关闭等都是排水系统自动控制的。
所述现场操作台，配置为：在紧急情况或维修时，对所述排水系统的手动控制；所述现场操作台设有控制所述排水系统运行的操作按键。
综上所述，本发明实施例的排水系统采用多种检测部件，能准确获知
水位、水位变化速度、水泵的性能和工况，采用多种排水方式，能应对矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故；还根据所述水泵组21中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级，定期轮换，大大降低了设备故障率，并且，也因为采用多种检测部件和多种排水方式，能适应更多的应用场合，用途更为广泛。
实施例三
图3为本发明实施例三排水方法的示意图，如图3所示，所述方法包括：
步骤301：获取水位传感器检测的水位信息；
具体地，排水系统包括水泵组、PLC和水位传感器，PLC通过水位传感器获取水位信息；
所述获取水位传感器检测的水位信息，包括：
PLC获取水位传感器检测的水位和水位变化速度；
这里，所述水位变化速度，也称为水位变化率，为便于处理，将水位增加的水位变化速度定义为正值，将水位降低的水位变化速度定义为负值，这样，当水位变化率大时，就表示水位增加速度快；
进一步地，在所述获取水位信息之前，所述方法还包括：
PLC记录所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况；
PLC根据水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级；这样，可以在各水泵使用优先级的基础上实现水泵的轮换工作，降低设备故障率，提高设备使用寿命；
具体地，所述水泵的运行状态可以包括：累计运行时间、最近一次使用时间、累计使用次数、累计发生故障次数等；
所述PLC可以通过编写相应的程序实现记录所述水泵运行状况的功能，也可以附设单独的记录仪实现。
更进一步地，所述排水系统还设有远程控制台，所述PLC获取的水位和水位变化速度可以直观的展示在所述远程控制台的显示大屏上。
步骤302：所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。
这里，所述水位信息达到预设条件，包括水位超过预设水位阈值和/或水位变化速度超过预设水位变化速度阈值。
进一步地，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，PLC指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：
PLC根据所述水位信息及各水泵的使用优先级，确定所述水泵组中启动的水泵；
这样，在不需要启动所有水泵的情况下，根据各水泵的使用优先级，轮换启动，可以降低设备故障率，提高设备使用寿命；
进一步地，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，还可以包括：
所述水位超过第一预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第一预设水位变化速度阈值，且当前时间为用电低谷时间时，PLC指示所述水泵组的部分水泵排水；
所述水位超过第二预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第二预设水位变化速度阈值时，PLC指示所述水泵组的全部水泵排水；
这里，所述第一预设水位阈值、第一预设水位变化速度阈值、第二预设水位阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值均是根据需要排水处的具体情况设定，如根据矿井通道的高度可确定第一预设水位阈值和第二预设水位阈值、根据矿井通道的理论蓄水量确定第一预设水位变化速度阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值等；其中，
所述第二预设水位阈值和第二预设水位变化速度阈值表示水位或水位
变化速度非常高，不马上排水，可能会引发事故；而第一预设水位阈值和第一预设水位变化速度阈值表示水位或水位变化速度有点高，但还在可控制的范围，如果当前时间是用电低谷时间，可以进行排水，如果不是用电低谷时间，可以暂缓排水。
这里，用电低谷时间和非用电低谷时间的电价是不一样的；这样，既平衡电网负荷，也因为峰谷电价的不同而节省电费支出；也就是通过对电力消耗的“移峰填谷”，达到节能的目的。
当所述水位低于第三预设水位阈值，或者当前时间为用电高峰时间且水位低于第一预设水位阈值时，指示所述水泵组停止排水；
这里，所述第三预设水位阈值是通过排水所能达到的最低水位，即在用电低谷时间时，尽可能多排水，以便水仓能腾出尽可能大的容积；而如果在用电高峰时间，只需水位低于第一预设水位阈值，即可停止排水；
也就是说，最大限度的节约电能，可以通过实时监测电网负荷，采取用电“避峰就谷”的控制策略，统筹调度水泵组水泵的启停，尽量避免在“峰段”启动，调度各水泵在用电的“谷段”和“平段”时间段工作，将水仓的水位排至设定的低位，以便水仓能够腾出尽可能大的容积，使其在“峰段”容纳更多的矿井涌水而不用启动水泵。
进一步地，所述水位信息中的水位和水位变化速度可以分别设置除上面提到的更多档阈值，这样，所述水泵组中启动的水泵数量就更精确，也能更好降低能耗；也就是不仅可以根据水位、水位变化速度及峰谷时间决定水泵的启动，还可以根据水位、水位变化速度及峰谷时间决定水泵启动的数量；
在紧急情况下，可以通过远程控制台设置的操作按键手动操作所述水泵组进行排水，或通过现场操作台启动水泵组排水。
进一步地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水
泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
PLC获取各水泵排水管内的水压，当水压小于预设水压阈值时，关闭所述水泵。
这里，所述排水管内的水压是指位于闸阀与水泵之间的排水管的水体压力，也就是紧挨着水泵的出水口处的水压，在没有其它异常情况时，水压能反映所述水泵的抽水能力，如果水压小于预设水压阈值，说明水泵抽水能力不佳，也就是水泵可能有故障；所述预设水压阈值根据具体水泵的类型、规格等设置，一般生产厂家会有推荐值。
并且，如果水泵工作过程中，腔体未充满水，无法产生大的吸力，进水管吸水少，形成水泵“干烧”，严重影响水泵的使用寿命。
进一步地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
PLC获取各水泵排水管内的流量和水阀的开启状态，当水阀完全开启时，所述流量小于预设流量阈值的，关闭对应的水泵；
所述排水管内的流量是指位于闸阀出口处的排水流量，此处的流量同样能反映所述水泵的抽水能力，在闸阀完全开启时，如果流量小于预设流量阈值，说明水泵的抽水能力不佳；所述预设流量阈值根据具体水泵的类型、规格等设置，一般生产厂家会有推荐值。
进一步地，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：
PLC获取各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，当所述工作温度大于预设温度阈值和/或工作电流大于预设电流阈值，关闭对应的水泵。
所述各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，用于反映水泵电机的工作负载情况，如果水体中有导致阻力增大的杂质、或者是水泵电机的轴或轴承磨损或润滑不佳，导致负载增加，都可能导致水泵电机工作温度升高和/或
工作电流增大；当然，还有很少一部分是其它原因导致水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流增大，如工作时间长、环境温度高等，但是，不管何种原因导致的，都说明水泵可能有故障，因此及时关闭工作温度高或工作电流大的水泵，能降低设备故障率，提高设备使用寿命；
所述预设温度阈值和预设电流阈值根据具体水泵的类型、规格等设置，一般生产厂家会有推荐值。
在紧急情况下，可以通过远程控制台设置的操作按键手动停止相应的水泵，或通过现场操作台直接停止相应的水泵。
进一步地，所述PLC在关闭了可能有故障的水泵后，会启动其它空闲的水泵，如果没有空闲的水泵，会发出相应的警告信息；当然，所述排水系统的水泵组的总体排水量设计有一定的裕量，即使在个别水泵因为故障退出使用后，也不至于产生太大的问题。
综上所述，本发明实施例的排水方法采用多种检测部件，能准确获知水位、水位变化速度、水泵的性能和工况，采用多种排水方式，能应对矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故；还根据所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级，定期轮换，大大降低了设备故障率，并且，也因为采用多种检测部件和多种排水方式，能适应更多的应用场合。
实施例四
图4为本发明实施例四根据水位、水位变化速度和用电时间确定水泵启动的流程示意图，如图4所示，所述流程包括：
步骤401：读取水位变化率；PLC从水位传感器读取，为保证监控可靠，一般至少设置两个水位传感器；
步骤402：确认水位变化率是否大于t1；当水位变化率大于t1，启动排水系统的所有水泵并报警，否则，进入步骤403；
这里，t1为预设的水位变化率值，大于t1表示水位变化速度非常快，
需要启动所有水泵，并且开启报警，不然会有严重后果；t1会根据需排水处的具体情况设定，如矿井通道的理论蓄水量等；
步骤403：读取水位；PLC从水位传感器读取；
步骤404：确认水位是否大于2H；当水位大于2H，进入步骤405，否则返回步骤401；
这里，H为预设的水位值，大于2H表示水位超出正常水位，但无需马上排水，大于3H表示水位有点高，需要排水，但如果不是用电低谷时段，还可以缓一缓，以节约能耗，大于4H，则必须马上排水，而且需要启动全部水泵；H会根据需排水处的具体情况设定，如矿井通道的高度等；
步骤405：确认水位是否大于3H；当水位大于3H，进入步骤407，否则进入步骤406；
步骤406：确认当前时间是否为用电低谷时间，用电低谷时间简称谷段；如果是，启动排水系统中任意一台水泵，否则返回步骤405；
步骤407：确认水位是否大于4H；当水位大于4H，启动排水系统中的全部水泵进行排水，否则进入步骤408；
步骤408：再次确认当前时间是否为用电低谷时间；如果是，启动排水系统中单台或部分水泵，否则，进入步骤409；
进一步地，启动单台水泵或部分水泵，可以根据各水泵的使用优先级，轮换启动。
步骤409：再次读取水位变化率；以确认水位变化率是否有突然变化；
步骤410：确认水位变化率是否大于t2；当水位变化率大于t2，启动排水系统中单台或部分水泵，否则返回步骤409；
进一步地，启动单台水泵或部分水泵，可以根据各水泵的使用优先级，轮换启动；
这里，t2为预设的水位变化率值，大于t2表示水位变化速度有点快，
需要排水，但如果不是用电低谷时段，还可以缓一缓，以节约能耗；t2会根据需排水处的具体情况设定，如矿井通道的理论蓄水量等；
需要注意地是，即使启动单台水泵或所有水泵进行排水后，还需要按预设时间间隔反复执行本流程，以免在排水过程中水位或水位变化率，尤其是水位变化率有突然变化；
预设时间间隔可以根据需排水地一般的水文情况设定，如矿井通道的渗水情况等。
实施例五
本实施例适用于：根据水位信息，只需启动一台水泵进行抽水的流程，为表述方便，将本流程启动的水泵及管道简称为1#泵；
图5为本发明实施例五单个水泵启动的流程示意图，如图5所示，所述流程包括：
步骤501：启动射流泵；通过射流泵注水排气，达到抽吸离心泵空气，使之产生预设的负压，也就是产生一定的真空；当负压到达预设负压阈值时，离心泵的进水管阀门打开，水被吸入离心泵腔体；
所述射流泵设有检测负压的负压传感器或真空表；所述预设负压阈值根据具体水泵的类型、规格等设置，一般生产厂家会有推荐值。
步骤502：确认离心泵腔体是否充满水；通过负压传感器或真空表进行确认，当确认充满水，进入步骤503，否则确认1#泵故障，退出轮换；
步骤503：启动离心泵；启动离心泵后，离心泵的叶轮会将腔体内的水甩出，进入排水管，同时离心泵腔体再次产生负压，水被再次吸入，不断循环；
步骤504：确认排水口水压是否达到设定值；
这里，所述排水口水压是指位于排水管闸阀与离心泵之间的排水管的水压，也就是紧挨着离心泵的出水口处的水压；在没有其它异常情况时，
排水口水压能反映所述离心泵的工作状态，如果水压小，说明水泵抽水能力不佳；
如果排水口水压达到设定值，进入步骤505，否则确认1#泵故障，退出轮换；
步骤505：打开闸阀进行排水；注意：所述闸阀在排水口水压未达到设定值时，不能打开，否则会影响离心泵腔体的负压值；
步骤506：确认排水总量是否达到设定值；由于水位信息表明，只需启动一台离心泵抽水，为便于水泵轮换，对单台离心泵的排水总量进行限制，达到设定值，离心泵停止排水；如果根据水位信息，还需继续排水的，启动另一台离心泵。
实施例六
本实施例适用于：通过各种传感器，监测排水系统中水泵的工作状态，以便及时发现有故障的设备，及时检修；
图6为本发明实施例六水泵工作状态监测的流程示意图，如图6所示，所述流程包括：
步骤601：确认水泵是否运行；如果运行，进入步骤602，否则停止工作状态监测；
步骤602：监测水泵电流是否正常；如果正常进入步骤603，否则发出“电流越限”的报警信号，并锁定故障水泵，停止水泵运行；
报警可以通过声光报警部件报警，并且既可以在现场报警，也可以在远程控制台报警，或者两者同时报警，下同；
步骤603：监测水压是否正常；如果正常进入步骤604，否则发出“压力不足”的报警信号，并锁定故障水泵，停止水泵运行；
步骤604：监测温度是否正常；如果正常进入步骤605，否则发出“温度越限”的报警信号，并锁定故障水泵，停止水泵运行；
步骤605：监测负压是否正常；如果正常进入步骤606，否则发出“负压不足”的报警信号，并停止水泵运行；
步骤606：监测是否断电；如果断电，启动EPS(Emergency Power Supply)应急电源；否则返回步骤601。
以上所述，仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
本发明实施例提供的排水系统及方法，设置至少一个检测水位和水位变化速度的水位传感器，根据所述水位传感器获取的水位和/或水位变化速度，确定所述排水系统中水泵组内水泵的启动，能在矿井突发的涌水、透水或突水事故时及时启动排水系统中的水泵组进行排水，避免引发安全事故，且通过设置至少两个水泵，在排水量不大时，轮换工作，减少水泵启动次数和运行时间，降低设备故障率。
Claims (15)
- 一种排水系统，所述排水系统包括：设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组、控制所述水泵组运行的控制机构、以及至少一个水位传感器，所述水泵组中的水泵与水位传感器均和所述控制机构连接；所述水位传感器，配置为检测水位信息，并将检测到的水位信息发送给所述控制机构；所述控制机构，配置为在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示所述水泵组中的水泵排水。
- 根据权利要求1所述的排水系统，其中，所述水位信息包括水位和水位变化速度；所述水位传感器设有两个，分别距离所述水泵的抽水口预设距离。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的排水系统，其中，所述控制机构为PLC，所述控制机构设有记录所述水泵组中每个水泵运行状况的记录部件。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的排水系统，其中，所述水泵组中的每个水泵上均设置有检测所述水泵工作负载情况的温度传感器和电流传感器，所述温度传感器和电流传感器与所述控制机构连接。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的排水系统，其中，所述水泵组中的每个水泵均单独设有进水管和排水管，各个排水管均设有水阀；各所述水阀和所述水泵之间的排水管中均设置有检测所述水泵抽水能力的水压传感器，各所述水阀出口处的排水管设有检测所述水泵抽水能力的流量传感器；所述水阀、水压传感器和流量传感器均与所述控制机构连接。
- 根据权利要求5所述的排水系统，其中，所述水泵组中的水泵均为离心泵，所述离心泵的上方均设有帮助所述离心泵产生负压的射流泵；所述水阀为闸阀。
- 根据权利要求6所述的排水系统，其中，所述排水系统还包括远 程监控所述排水系统的远程控制台、以及便于维修时控制所述排水系统的现场操作台；所述远程控制台和现场操作台均连接所述控制机构，所述远程控制台和现场操作台均设有控制所述排水系统运行的操作按键。
- 一种排水方法，所述方法包括：获取水位传感器检测的水位信息；所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述获取水位传感器检测的水位信息，包括：获取水位传感器检测的水位和水位变化速度；所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：所述水位超过预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过预设水位变化速度阈值时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水。
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在所述获取水位传感器检测的水位信息之前，所述方法还包括：记录所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况；根据所述水泵组中每个水泵的运行状况，确定各水泵的使用优先级。
- 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：根据所述水位信息及各水泵的使用优先级，确定所述水泵组中启动的水泵。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水，包括：所述水位超过第一预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第一预设水位变化速度阈值，且当前时间为用电低谷时间时，指示所述水泵组 的部分水泵排水；所述水位超过第二预设水位阈值和/或所述水位变化速度超过第二预设水位变化速度阈值时，指示所述水泵组的全部水泵排水；当所述水位低于第三预设水位阈值，或者当前时间为用电高峰时间且水位低于第一预设水位阈值时，指示所述水泵组停止排水。
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：获取各水泵排水管内的水压，当所述水压小于预设水压阈值时，关闭对应的水泵。
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：获取各水泵排水管内的流量和水阀的开启状态，当水阀完全开启时，所述流量小于预设流量阈值的，关闭对应的水泵。
- 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在所述水位信息达到预设条件时，指示设置有至少两个水泵的水泵组排水之后，所述方法还包括：获取各水泵电机的工作温度和工作电流，当所述工作温度大于预设温度阈值和/或工作电流大于预设电流阈值，关闭对应的水泵。
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| CN106597879A (zh) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-04-26 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | 一种污水处理提升泵优化调度方法 |
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| CN111696316A (zh) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-09-22 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | 智能防汛排水预警装置及采用该装置的排水预警方法 |
| CN113969803A (zh) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-01-25 | 重庆科华安全设备有限责任公司 | 矿山无轨斜井浮泵式应急排水系统及安装方法 |
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| AU2017414139B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
| AU2017414139A1 (en) | 2019-05-16 |
| CN107956510A (zh) | 2018-04-24 |
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