WO2019084995A1 - 液晶显示装置及其制造方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示装置及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019084995A1
WO2019084995A1 PCT/CN2017/110093 CN2017110093W WO2019084995A1 WO 2019084995 A1 WO2019084995 A1 WO 2019084995A1 CN 2017110093 W CN2017110093 W CN 2017110093W WO 2019084995 A1 WO2019084995 A1 WO 2019084995A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
substrate
refractive index
display device
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PCT/CN2017/110093
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何怀亮
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惠科股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/761,129 priority Critical patent/US11287686B2/en
Publication of WO2019084995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019084995A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133742—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers for homeotropic alignment

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle, which is suitable for a flat display in a computer, a word processor, an entertainment device or a television, or for using a shutter effect.
  • Liquid crystal display device The present application also relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device.
  • the light emitted by the backlight module needs to penetrate many optics.
  • the film layer polarizer, phase difference plate/optical compensation plate, protective glass, etc.
  • the previous solution is to let the backlight module emit higher brightness light to compensate for the above. The amount of loss in the middle of the optical film layer.
  • the associated light leakage increases as the polarization direction of the polarized light deviates from one of the absorption axes of the mutually perpendicular polarizing plates.
  • the retardation values of the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell affect the viewing angle characteristics, for example, in a direction about 45 degrees with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, the contrast of the display device, especially in the gray scale display, is about 35 The degree of viewing angle to 50 degrees is quite deteriorated.
  • the purpose of the application is to provide a liquid crystal display device which can solve the change of the viewing angle when the angle between the line of sight and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate changes from the absorption axis of the polarizing plate, and has the effects of reducing light leakage and brightening.
  • the present application proposes a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell, a pair of polarizing plates, and an optical compensation film.
  • the liquid crystal cell has a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
  • the polarizing plate is provided with a liquid crystal cell.
  • Optical compensation film Between at least one of the polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell.
  • the optical compensation film includes a first film layer, a second film layer, a third film layer, and a fourth film layer, and the first film layer, the second film layer, the third film layer and the fourth film layer overlap each other a first refractive index, a second refractive index, a third refractive index, and a fourth refractive index, respectively, wherein the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index, and the third refractive index is less than Fourth refractive index.
  • the liquid crystal cell further has a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal cell further has a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal cell further has a first vertical alignment layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and a second vertical alignment layer disposed between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the second electrode layer is provided with protrusions and spacers.
  • the liquid crystal cell has a plurality of pixel regions, and each of the pixel regions includes two or more liquid crystal regions each having a different liquid crystal molecular orientation.
  • an anti-glare layer is disposed on a surface of one of the polarizers that is closer to the viewer of the liquid crystal display device.
  • an anti-reflective film is disposed on a surface of the anti-glare layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer comprises a nematic liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal molecules of the nematic liquid crystal material are substantially perpendicular to the first substrate or the second substrate without application of a voltage.
  • the present application also proposes a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell, a pair of polarizing plates, and an optical compensation film.
  • the liquid crystal cell has a first substrate, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer. And a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the polarizing plate is provided with a liquid crystal cell.
  • the optical compensation film is disposed between at least one of the polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell.
  • the optical compensation film includes a first film layer, a second film layer, a third film layer, and a fourth film layer, and the first film layer, the second film layer, the third film layer and the fourth film layer overlap each other a first refractive index, a second refractive index, a third refractive index, and a fourth refractive index, respectively, wherein the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index, and the third refractive index is less than Fourth refractive index.
  • the liquid crystal cell further has a first vertical layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer a direct alignment layer and a second vertical alignment layer disposed between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the second electrode layer is provided with protrusions and spacers.
  • the liquid crystal cell has a plurality of pixel regions, and each of the pixel regions includes two or more liquid crystal regions each having a different liquid crystal molecular orientation.
  • an anti-glare layer is disposed on a surface of one of the polarizers that is closer to the viewer of the liquid crystal display device.
  • an anti-reflection film is disposed on a surface of the anti-glare layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer comprises a nematic liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal molecules of the nematic liquid crystal material are substantially perpendicular to the first substrate or the second substrate without application of a voltage.
  • the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising the steps of: preparing a liquid crystal cell, forming a first substrate, a second substrate relative to the first substrate, and a first substrate on the liquid crystal cell; a liquid crystal layer between the second substrate; preparing a pair of polarizing plates, the pair of polarizing plates sandwiching the liquid crystal cell; and preparing an optical compensation film formed between at least one of the polarizing plates and the liquid crystal cell, wherein the optical compensation film comprises a first a film layer, a second film layer, a third film layer, and a fourth film layer, the first film layer, the second film layer, the third film layer and the fourth film layer are superposed on each other and have different values respectively a first refractive index, a second refractive index, a third refractive index, and a fourth refractive index, wherein the first refractive index is less than the second refractive index, and the third refractive index is less than the fourth refractive index.
  • the method of the present application further includes forming a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell.
  • the method of the present application further includes forming a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell.
  • the method of the present application further includes forming, in the liquid crystal cell, a first vertical alignment layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and a second vertical layer disposed between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer Alignment layer.
  • the liquid crystal display device of the present application has a first film layer, a second film layer, a third film layer, and a fourth film layer, the first film layer and the second film layer, which are provided by the optical compensation film.
  • the third film layer and the fourth film layer are stacked on each other and have a first refractive index, a second refractive index, a third refractive index, and a fourth refractive index, respectively, of different values, wherein the first refractive index
  • the design is smaller than the second refractive index
  • the third refractive index is smaller than the fourth refractive index, which can solve the angle between the line of sight and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate from the polarizing plate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is another schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present application.
  • FIG 3 is another schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an optical compensation film.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • a plurality means two or more unless otherwise stated.
  • the term “comprises” and its variations are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device 1 of the present application.
  • 2 is another schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is another schematic diagram of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device 2 of the present application.
  • 4 is another schematic view of an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device 2 of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical compensation film 23.
  • the liquid crystal display devices 1 and 2 are liquid crystal display devices (n-type MVA liquid crystal display devices) having negative dielectric anisotropy or ASM liquid crystal display devices.
  • a liquid crystal display device 1 includes a liquid crystal cell 11, a pair of polarizing plates 12, an anti-glare layer 13, and an anti-reflection film 14.
  • the liquid crystal cell 11 has a first substrate 111, a second substrate 112, a first electrode layer 113, a liquid crystal layer 114, a first optical compensation layer 115, a second electrode layer 116, and a second optical compensation layer 117.
  • the second substrate 112 is disposed relative to the first substrate 111 , and the first electrode layer 113 is disposed between the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 112 . More specifically, the first electrode layer 113 is disposed between the first optical compensation layer 115 and the first vertical alignment layer 118.
  • the liquid crystal layer 114 is disposed between the first electrode layer 113 and the second substrate 112. More specifically, the liquid crystal layer 114 is disposed between the first vertical alignment layer 118 and the second vertical alignment layer 119.
  • the first optical compensation layer 115 is disposed between the first substrate 111 and the first electrode layer 113.
  • the liquid crystal cell 11 is interposed between the polarizing plate 12.
  • the first electrode layer 113 is an ITO transparent electrode. Since the first optical compensation layer 115 has been integrated into the liquid crystal cell 11, it is not necessary to prepare the liquid crystal cell 11 and then The configuration is more simplified for the overall process of the liquid crystal display device 1 and brings the benefits of thinning.
  • the second electrode layer 116 is disposed between the liquid crystal layer 114 and the second substrate 112. More specifically, the second electrode layer 116 is disposed between the second optical compensation layer 117 and the second vertical alignment layer 119. The second optical compensation layer 117 is disposed between the second electrode layer 116 and the second substrate 112. The first vertical alignment layer 118 is disposed between the first electrode layer 113 and the liquid crystal layer 114. The second vertical alignment layer 118 is disposed between the second electrode layer 116 and the liquid crystal layer 114. In the present embodiment, the second electrode layer 116 is an ITO transparent electrode. Since the second optical compensation layer 117 has been integrated into the liquid crystal cell 11, it is not necessary to prepare the liquid crystal cell 11 for further processing, which is more simplified for the overall process of the liquid crystal display device 1 and brings the benefits of thinning.
  • the second electrode layer 116 is provided with a protrusion 1161 and a spacer 1162.
  • the first optical compensation layer 115 and the second optical compensation layer 117 each have an alignment layer 1151, a phase compensation material 1152, and a dielectric layer 1153.
  • the material of the alignment layer 1151 is polyimide or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
  • the phase compensation material 1152 is a liquid crystal polymer material or a non-liquid crystal material.
  • the material of the dielectric layer 1153 is an insulating material for protection.
  • the height of the protrusion 1161 is about 3 microns and the height of the spacer 1162 is about 4.5 microns.
  • the spacer 1162 is formed outside a pixel region, and uses a photo-sensitive polyimide (for example, ITO: about 100 nm) provided on the second electrode layer 116, and then the area surrounded by the protrusion 1161 is approximately 100 micrometers by 100 micrometers and three such regions are formed in one pixel (about 100 micrometers by 300 micrometers).
  • a photo-sensitive polyimide for example, ITO: about 100 nm
  • the liquid crystal cell 11 has a plurality of pixel regions, each of which includes two or more liquid crystal regions each having a different liquid crystal molecular orientation.
  • pixel is generally defined as the smallest unit that performs a display.
  • pixel region means a region or portion of a liquid crystal display device that corresponds to a "pixel.”
  • a pixel has a large aspect ratio (long pixel)
  • a plurality of pixel regions can be composed of one elongated pixel, and most of the pixel regions for each pixel are preferably as small as possible, and an asymmetric orientation can be stably formed.
  • asymmetric orientation is meant herein a different orientation, such as a radial orientation, a concentric (tangential direction) orientation, and a helical orientation.
  • the anti-glare layer 13 is disposed on the surface of one of the polarizing plates 12 which is closer to the viewer of the liquid crystal display device 1.
  • the anti-reflection film 14 is provided on one surface of the anti-glare layer 13.
  • the first optical compensation layer 115 is interposed between the first substrate 111 and the first electrode layer 113, and the protrusions 1161 and the spacers 1162 are disposed on the second electrode layer 116.
  • a second vertical alignment layer 119 is further disposed.
  • a first vertical is disposed on the first electrode layer 113.
  • the alignment layer 118 is filled with n-type nematic liquid crystal (that is, the liquid crystal layer 114) between the first vertical alignment layer 118 and the second vertical alignment layer 119.
  • a second optical compensation layer 117 may be interposed between the second substrate 112 and the second electrode layer 116 on the side of the second substrate 112. Further, a first optical compensation layer 115 may be interposed between the first substrate 111 and the first electrode layer 113 on the side of the first substrate 111. The first optical compensation layer 115 and the second optical compensation layer 117 may be interposed between the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 112 and the first electrode layer 113 and the second electrode layer 116 (as shown in FIG. 1 ). .
  • the second optical compensation layer 117 is exemplified.
  • a layer of alignment layer 1151 is first coated on the second substrate 112, and the material may be polyimide or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
  • a phase compensation material 1152 is applied onto the alignment layer 1151, and then, after heating and/or UV light curing, a dielectric layer 1153 for protection is further provided.
  • the phase compensation material 1152 can be a liquid crystal polymeric material or a non-liquid crystal material.
  • a second electrode layer 116 is plated on the dielectric layer 1153 by a low temperature coating technique (process temperature control is about 80 degrees Celsius).
  • process temperature control is about 80 degrees Celsius.
  • the manufacturing method and flow of the first optical compensation layer 115 are the same as those of the second optical compensation layer 117.
  • first optical compensation layer 115 and the second optical compensation layer 117 may have a single optical axis phase compensation such as A-plate phase compensation or C-plate phase compensation, or have A+ C plate (double optical axis) phase compensation.
  • the two polarizing plates 12 are disposed on opposite sides of the liquid crystal cell 11, that is, disposed on the first substrate 111 and the second substrate 112.
  • the outside of the second polarizing plate 122 is further provided with a backlight module (not shown).
  • the liquid crystal display device 1 of the present application is disposed between the first substrate 111 and the first electrode layer 113 by the first optical compensation layer 115, and is not required to be prepared after the liquid crystal cell 11 is completed.
  • the benefits of thinning can be brought about.
  • the liquid crystal display device 2 includes a liquid crystal cell 21, a pair of polarizing plates 22, an optical compensation film 23, an anti-glare layer 24, and an anti-reflection film 25.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 has a first substrate 211, a second substrate 212, a liquid crystal layer 213, a first electrode layer 214, a second electrode layer 215, a first vertical alignment layer 216, and a second vertical alignment layer. 217.
  • the second substrate 212 is disposed relative to the first substrate 211 , and the liquid crystal layer 213 is disposed between the first substrate 211 and the second substrate 212 . More specifically, the liquid crystal layer 213 is disposed on the first vertical alignment layer 216 and Two vertical alignment layers 217.
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 is interposed between the polarizing plate 22.
  • the optical compensation film 23 is provided between at least one of the polarizing plates 22 and the liquid crystal cells 21. More specifically, the optical compensation film 23 is disposed between at least one of the polarizing plates 22 and the first substrate 211 or between at least one of the polarizing plates 22 and the second substrate 212.
  • the first electrode layer 214 is disposed between the first substrate 211 and the liquid crystal layer 213. More specifically, the first electrode layer 214 is disposed between the first substrate 211 and the first vertical alignment layer 216.
  • the second electrode layer 215 is disposed between the liquid crystal layer 213 and the second substrate 212. More specifically, the second electrode layer 215 is disposed between the second substrate 212 and the second vertical alignment layer 217.
  • the first vertical alignment layer 216 is disposed between the first electrode layer 214 and the liquid crystal layer 213.
  • the second vertical alignment layer 217 is disposed between the second electrode layer 215 and the liquid crystal layer 213.
  • the first electrode layer 214 and the second electrode layer 215 are ITO transparent electrodes.
  • the second electrode layer 215 is provided with a protrusion 2151 and a spacer 2152.
  • the height of the protrusion 2151 is about 3 microns
  • the height of the spacer 2152 is about 4.5 microns.
  • the spacer 2152 is formed outside a pixel region, and uses a photo-sensitive polyimide (for example, ITO: about 100 nm) provided on the second electrode layer 215, and then the area surrounded by the protrusion 2151 is approximately 100 micrometers by 100 micrometers and three such regions are formed in one pixel (about 100 micrometers by 300 micrometers).
  • a photo-sensitive polyimide for example, ITO: about 100 nm
  • the liquid crystal cell 21 has a plurality of pixel regions, each of which includes two or more liquid crystal regions each having a different liquid crystal molecular orientation.
  • pixel is generally defined as the smallest unit that performs a display.
  • pixel region means a region or portion of a liquid crystal display device that corresponds to a "pixel.”
  • a pixel has a large aspect ratio (long pixel)
  • a plurality of pixel regions can be composed of one elongated pixel, and most of the pixel regions for each pixel are preferably as small as possible, and an asymmetric orientation can be stably formed.
  • asymmetric orientation is meant herein a different orientation, such as a radial orientation, a concentric (tangential direction) orientation, and a helical orientation.
  • the liquid crystal layer 213 includes a nematic liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric anisotropy, and the liquid crystal molecules of the nematic liquid crystal material are substantially perpendicular to the first substrate 211 or the second substrate 212 without application of a voltage.
  • the anti-glare layer 24 is disposed on the surface of one of the polarizing plates 22 which is closer to the liquid crystal display device 2.
  • the anti-reflection film 25 is provided on one surface of the anti-glare layer 24.
  • the optical compensation film 23 includes a first film layer 231, a second film layer 232, a third film layer 233, and a fourth film layer 234, a first film layer 231, a second film layer 232,
  • the third film layer 233 and the fourth film layer 234 are overlapped with each other, and each has a first refractive index and a second refractive index different in value. a transmittance, a third refractive index, and a fourth refractive index, wherein the first refractive index is less than the second refractive index, and the third refractive index is less than the fourth refractive index.
  • the first film layer 231, the second film layer 232, the third film layer 233, and the fourth film layer 234 may be sequentially stacked.
  • the optical compensation film 23 is disposed between one of the polarizing plates 22 and the first substrate 211, or between the other polarizing plate 22 and the second substrate 212, and is provided with protrusions on the second electrode layer 215.
  • a second vertical alignment layer 217 is further disposed.
  • a first vertical alignment layer 216 is disposed on the first electrode layer 214, and an n-type nematic liquid crystal (ie, a liquid crystal layer 213) is filled between the first vertical alignment layer 216 and the second vertical alignment layer 217. .
  • two polarizing plates 22 are disposed on opposite sides of the liquid crystal cell 21, that is, disposed on the first substrate 211 and the first substrate.
  • An optical compensation film 23 (shown in FIG. 3) may be disposed between the second substrate 212 and the second polarizing plate 222 on the side of the second substrate 212. Further, an optical compensation film 23 (not shown) may be provided between the first substrate 211 and the first polarizing plate 221 on the side of the first substrate 211.
  • An optical compensation film 23 may be disposed between the first substrate 211 and the second substrate 212, and between the first polarizing plate 221 and the second polarizing plate 222.
  • the first film layer 231, the second film layer 232, the third film layer 233, and the fourth film layer 234 are sequentially passed in the direction of the path of the incident light.
  • the light of the backlight module enters the optical compensation film 23 through the polarizing plate 22, multiple refractions and multiple reflections at the interface of the film layer finally cause most of the light sources to penetrate the optical compensation film 23, and simultaneously enhance the brightness and phase. The effect of compensation.
  • the optical compensation film 23 may have a single optical axis phase compensation such as A-plate phase compensation or C-plate phase compensation, or may have an A+C plate (double optical axis) phase compensation function.
  • the liquid crystal display device 2 of the present application has the first film layer 231, the second film layer 232, the third film layer 233, and the fourth film layer 234 which are provided by the optical compensation film 23.
  • the first film layer 231, the second film layer 232, the third film layer 233, and the fourth film layer 234 are stacked on each other, and have different first, second, and third refractive indices, respectively.
  • the fourth refractive index wherein the first refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index, and the third refractive index is smaller than the fourth refractive index, the solution can be solved when the angle between the line of sight and the absorption axis of the polarizing plate is shifted from the absorption axis of the polarizing plate
  • the change of the viewing angle has the effect of reducing light leakage and brightness enhancement and simultaneous phase compensation.

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Abstract

一种液晶显示装置及其制造方法，液晶显示装置包括：一液晶单元（21）、一对偏光板（22），及一光学补偿膜（23）。液晶单元（21）具有一第一基板（211）、一相对于第一基板（211）的第二基板（212），及一设于第一基板（211）及第二基板（212）间的液晶层（213）。偏光板（22）夹设液晶单元（21）。光学补偿膜（23）设于至少其中一偏光板（22）及液晶单元（21）间。光学补偿膜（23）包括一第一膜层（231）、一第二膜层（232）、一第三膜层（233），及一第四膜层（234），第一膜层（231）、第二膜层（232）、第三膜层（233）及第四膜层（234）彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率。

Description

液晶显示装置及其制造方法 技术领域
本申请关于一种液晶显示装置，特别关于一种具有一宽广视角的液晶显示装置，其适用于一个计算机、一文字处理器、一娱乐装置或一电视中的一平面显示，或用于使用快门效果的液晶显示装置。本申请也关于一种液晶显示装置的制造方法。
背景技术
在n型液晶的多域垂直配向(Multi-domain Vertical Alignment，MVA)/轴对称排列微胞型(Axially Symmetric aligned Microcell，ASM)型液晶显示面板中，背光模块所发出的光需要穿透许多光学膜层(偏光板、相位差板/光学补偿板、保护玻璃等)及液晶胞，过程中会损失相当程度的光量，之前的解决方法是让背光模块发出更高亮度的光，以补偿前述在光学膜层中间损失的量。另外，当光线以偏离于偏光板吸收轴线大约45度方向入射液晶单元时，且相关的光漏会随着偏光光线振动方向偏离于相互垂直的偏光板其中一吸收轴线而增加。同时，因为偏光板与液晶单元的阻滞值皆会影响视角特征，例如在一相关于偏光板吸收轴线大约45度的方向中，显示装置的对比度，特别是在灰阶显示时，在大约35度至50度的视角范围内相当恶化。
因此，若能开发出一种能够解决当视线与偏光板吸收轴的夹角自偏光板的吸收轴线变移时可视角度的变化，且具减少光漏及增亮效果的液晶显示装置，将会对此领域的技术带来相当大的突破。
发明内容
有鉴于先前技术的不足，发明人经研发后得本申请。本申请的目的为提供一种液晶显示装置，可解决当视线与偏光板吸收轴的夹角自偏光板的吸收轴线变移时可视角度的变化，且具减少光漏及增亮的效果。
本申请提出一种液晶显示装置，包括一液晶单元、一对偏光板，及一光学补偿膜。液晶单元具有一第一基板、一相对于第一基板的第二基板，及一设于第一基板及第二基板间的液晶层。偏光板夹设液晶单元。光学补偿膜设 于至少其中一偏光板及液晶单元间。光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，第一膜层、第二膜层、第三膜层及第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率。
在一实施例中，液晶单元还具有一第一电极层，设于第一基板及液晶层间。
在一实施例中，液晶单元还具有一第二电极层，设于第二基板及液晶层间。
在一实施例中，液晶单元还具有一设于第一电极层及液晶层间的第一垂直配向层，及一设于第二电极层及液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
在一实施例中，第二电极层上设有突起物及间隔物。
在一实施例中，液晶单元具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。
在一实施例中，一抗闪光层设于较接近液晶显示装置视者的其中一偏光板表面上。
在一实施例中，一抗反射膜设于抗闪光层的一表面上。
在一实施例中，液晶层包括一向列态液晶材料，其具有一负电介体各向异性，而向列态液晶材料的液晶分子在无施加电压下实质垂直于第一基板或第二基板。
本申请也提出一种液晶显示装置，包括一液晶单元、一对偏光板，及一光学补偿膜。液晶单元具有一第一基板、一相对于第一基板的第二基板、一设于第一基板及第二基板间的液晶层、一设于第一基板及液晶层间的第一电极层、及一设于第二基板及液晶层间的第二电极层。偏光板夹设液晶单元。光学补偿膜设于至少其中一偏光板及液晶单元间。光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，第一膜层、第二膜层、第三膜层及第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率。
在一实施例中，液晶单元还具有一设于第一电极层及液晶层间的第一垂 直配向层，及一设于第二电极层及液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
在一实施例中，第二电极层上设有突起物及间隔物。
在一实施例中，液晶单元具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。
在一实施例中，一抗闪光层设于较接近液晶显示装置视者的其中一偏光板表面上。
在一实施例中，一抗反射膜设于该抗闪光层的一表面上。
在一实施例中，液晶层包括一向列态液晶材料，其具有一负电介体各向异性，而向列态液晶材料的液晶分子在无施加电压下实质垂直于第一基板或第二基板。
本申请也提出一种液晶显示装置的制造方法，包括以下步骤：制备一液晶单元，于液晶单元形成一第一基板、一相对于第一基板的第二基板、及一设于第一基板及第二基板间的液晶层；制备一对偏光板，该对偏光板夹设液晶单元；及制备一光学补偿膜，形成于至少其中一偏光板及该液晶单元间，光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，第一膜层、第二膜层、第三膜层及第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率。
在一实施例中，本申请的方法还包括于液晶单元形成一设于第一基板及液晶层间的第一电极层。
在一实施例中，本申请的方法还包括于液晶单元形成一设于第二基板及液晶层间的第二电极层。
在一实施例中，本申请的方法还包括于液晶单元形成一设于第一电极层及液晶层间的第一垂直配向层，及一设于第二电极层及液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
综上所述，本申请的液晶显示装置，借由光学补偿膜所具有的第一膜层、第二膜层、第三膜层，及第四膜层，第一膜层、第二膜层、第三膜层及第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率的设计，可解决当视线与偏光板吸收轴的夹角自偏光板的 吸收轴线变移时可视角度的变化，且具减少光漏及增亮并同时相位补偿的效果。
附图说明
所包括的附图用来提供对本申请实施例的进一步的理解，其构成了说明书的一部分，用于例示本申请的实施方式，并与文字描述一起来阐释本申请的原理。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。在附图中：
图1为本申请液晶显示装置的实施例的示意图。
图2为本申请液晶显示装置的实施例的另一示意图。
图3为本申请液晶显示装置的实施例的另一示意图。
图4为本申请液晶显示装置的实施例的另一示意图。
图5为光学补偿膜的实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
这里所公开的具体结构和功能细节仅仅是代表性的，并且是用于描述本申请的示例性实施例的目的。但是本申请可以通过许多替换形式来具体实现，并且不应当被解释成仅仅受限于这里所阐述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。另外，术语“包括”及其任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语 “安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
这里所使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例而不意图限制示例性实施例。除非上下文明确地另有所指，否则这里所使用的单数形式“一个”、“一项”还意图包括复数。还应当理解的是，这里所使用的术语“包括”和/或“包含”规定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元和/或组件的存在，而不排除存在或添加一个或更多其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、单元、组件和/或其组合。
以下将参照相关图式，说明依本申请液晶显示装置的较佳实施例，其中相同的元件将以相同的参照符号加以说明。
图1为本申请液晶显示装置1的实施例的示意图。图2为本申请液晶显示装置1的实施例的另一示意图。图3为本申请液晶显示装置2的实施例的另一示意图。图4为本申请液晶显示装置2的实施例的另一示意图。图5为光学补偿膜23的实施例的示意图。液晶显示装置1、2为具有负介电常数异向性的液晶显示装置(n型MVA液晶显示装置)，或是ASM型液晶显示装置。
参见图1，液晶显示装置1包括一液晶单元11、一对偏光板12、一抗闪光层13，及一抗反射膜14。液晶单元11具有一第一基板111、一第二基板112、一第一电极层113、一液晶层114、一第一光学补偿层115、一第二电极层116、一第二光学补偿层117、一第一垂直配向层118，及一第二垂直配向层119。
第二基板112相对于第一基板111设置，第一电极层113设于第一基板111及第二基板112间。更确切来说，第一电极层113设于第一光学补偿层115及第一垂直配向层118间。液晶层114设于第一电极层113及第二基板112间。更确切来说，液晶层114设于第一垂直配向层118及第二垂直配向层119间。第一光学补偿层115设于第一基板111及第一电极层113间。偏光板12夹设液晶单元11。在本实施例中，第一电极层113是ITO透明电极。由于第一光学补偿层115已整合于液晶单元11，不用待液晶单元11制备完成再另外 配置，对于液晶显示装置1的整体制程而言将更为简化，同时带来薄型化的好处。
第二电极层116设于液晶层114及第二基板112间。更确切来说，第二电极层116设于第二光学补偿层117及第二垂直配向层119间。第二光学补偿层117设于第二电极层116及第二基板112间。第一垂直配向层118设于第一电极层113及液晶层114间。第二垂直配向层118设于第二电极层116及液晶层114间。在本实施例中，第二电极层116是ITO透明电极。由于第二光学补偿层117已整合于液晶单元11，不用待液晶单元11制备完成再另外配置，对于液晶显示装置1的整体制程而言将更为简化，同时带来薄型化的好处。
第二电极层116上设有突起物1161及间隔物1162。第一光学补偿层115及第二光学补偿层117各自具有一配向层1151、相位补偿材料1152，及介电层1153。配向层1151的材料是聚亚酰胺(polyimide)或聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯(poly(methyl methacrylate)，PMMA)。相位补偿材料1152是液晶聚合材料或非液晶材料。介电层1153的材料是保护用的绝缘材料。在本实施例中，突起物1161的高度大约3微米，间隔物1162的高度大约4.5微米。间隔物1162制成于一像素区外，其使用一设在第二电极层116上的光感性聚酰亚胺(例如ITO：大约100奈米)，然后突起物1161围起的区域大小大约为100微米×100微米且三个此种区域形成于一像素中(大约100微米×300微米)。
液晶单元11具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。在本文中，「像素」一词通常定义为执行一显示的最小单元，在本文中，「像素区域」意指一相当于一「像素」的液晶显示装置的一区域或部份。当一像素具有一大纵横比(长形像素)，众多的像素区域即可由一长形像素构成，而用于各像素的多数像素区域最好尽量小一些，非对称的方位则可稳定地形成，「非对称方位」在此意指不同的方位，例如一径向方位、一同心(切线方向)方位、及一螺旋形方位。
参见图2，抗闪光层13设于较接近液晶显示装置1视者的其中一偏光板12表面上。抗反射膜14设于抗闪光层13的一表面上。
在实作上，第一光学补偿层115夹设在第一基板111及第一电极层113中间，而在第二电极层116上，设置有突起物1161及间隔物1162。接着，再设置一层第二垂直配向层119。另外，在第一电极层113上，设置有第一垂直 配向层118，在第一垂直配向层118及第二垂直配向层119间，灌入n型向列型液晶(即为液晶层114)。
在实作上，可以在第二基板112的那一侧，于第二基板112与第二电极层116间夹设有第二光学补偿层117。另外，也可以在第一基板111的那一侧，于第一基板111与第一电极层113间夹设有第一光学补偿层115。也可以同时分别在第一基板111、第二基板112与第一电极层113、第二电极层116中间夹设有第一光学补偿层115、第二光学补偿层117(如图1所示)。
以第二光学补偿层117举例说明。在制作上，会先在第二基板112上涂布一层配向层1151，材料可以是聚亚酰胺或聚(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。接着，在配向层1151上涂布相位补偿材料1152，接着经过加热及/或UV光固化后，再设置上保护用的介电层1153。相位补偿材料1152可以是液晶聚合材料或非液晶材料。当介电层1153设置完毕后，再于介电层1153上，利用低温镀膜技术(制程温度控制在约摄氏80度)镀上一层第二电极层116。第一光学补偿层115的制作方法及流程与第二光学补偿层117相同。
此外，第一光学补偿层115与第二光学补偿层117可以具有A板(A-plate)相位补偿或C板(C-plate)相位补偿等单光轴相位补偿的作用，或者是具有A+C板(双光轴)相位补偿作用。
而两片偏光板12(分别为第一偏光板121及第二偏光板122，参见图2)会设置在液晶单元11的相对两侧，也就是设置在第一基板111与第二基板112的外侧；接着，在第二偏光板122的下方会再设置有背光模块(图未示)。
由图1及图2可知，本申请的液晶显示装置1，借由第一光学补偿层115设于第一基板111及第一电极层113间的设计，不用待液晶单元11制备完成再另外配置，对于液晶显示装置1的整体制程而言将更为简化，同时可带来薄型化的好处。
参见图3，液晶显示装置2包括一液晶单元21、一对偏光板22、一光学补偿膜23、一抗闪光层24，及一抗反射膜25。液晶单元21具有一第一基板211、一第二基板212、一液晶层213、一第一电极层214、一第二电极层215、一第一垂直配向层216，及一第二垂直配向层217。
第二基板212相对于第一基板211设置，液晶层213设于第一基板211及第二基板212间。更确切来说，液晶层213设于第一垂直配向层216及第 二垂直配向层217间。偏光板22夹设液晶单元21。光学补偿膜23设于至少其中一偏光板22及液晶单元21间。更确切来说，光学补偿膜23设于至少其中一偏光板22及第一基板211间，或设于至少其中一偏光板22及第二基板212间。
第一电极层214设于第一基板211及液晶层213间。更确切来说，第一电极层214设于第一基板211及第一垂直配向层216间。第二电极层215设于液晶层213及第二基板212间。更确切来说，第二电极层215设于第二基板212及第二垂直配向层217间。第一垂直配向层216设于第一电极层214及液晶层213间。第二垂直配向层217设于第二电极层215及液晶层213间。在本实施例中，第一电极层214及第二电极层215是ITO透明电极。
第二电极层215上设有突起物2151及间隔物2152。在本实施例中，突起物2151的高度大约3微米，间隔物2152的高度大约4.5微米。间隔物2152制成于一像素区外，其使用一设在第二电极层215上的光感性聚酰亚胺(例如ITO：大约100奈米)，然后突起物2151围起的区域大小大约为100微米×100微米且三个此种区域形成于一像素中(大约100微米×300微米)。
液晶单元21具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。在本文中，「像素」一词通常定义为执行一显示的最小单元，在本文中，「像素区域」意指一相当于一「像素」的液晶显示装置的一区域或部份。当一像素具有一大纵横比(长形像素)，众多的像素区域即可由一长形像素构成，而用于各像素的多数像素区域最好尽量小一些，非对称的方位则可稳定地形成，「非对称方位」在此意指不同的方位，例如一径向方位、一同心(切线方向)方位、及一螺旋形方位。
液晶层213包括一向列态液晶材料，其具有一负电介体各向异性，而向列态液晶材料的液晶分子在无施加电压下实质垂直于第一基板211或第二基板212。
参见图4，抗闪光层24设于较接近液晶显示装置2视者的其中一偏光板22表面上。抗反射膜25设于抗闪光层24的一表面上。
参见图5，光学补偿膜23包括一第一膜层231、一第二膜层232、一第三膜层233，及一第四膜层234，第一膜层231、第二膜层232、第三膜层233及第四膜层234彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折 射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率。特别地，第一膜层231、一第二膜层232、一第三膜层233，及一第四膜层234可依序累积迭设。
在实作上，光学补偿膜23设于其中一偏光板22及第一基板211间，或设于另一偏光板22及第二基板212间，而在第二电极层215上，设置有突起物2151及间隔物2152。接着，再设置一层第二垂直配向层217。另外，在第一电极层214上，设置有第一垂直配向层216，在第一垂直配向层216及第二垂直配向层217间，灌入n型向列型液晶(即为液晶层213)。
在实作上，两片偏光板22(分别为第一偏光板221及第二偏光板222，参见图4)会设置在液晶单元21的相对两侧，也就是设置在第一基板211与第二基板212的外侧；接着，在第二偏光板222的下方会再设置有背光模块(图未示)。可以在第二基板212的那一侧，于第二基板212与第二偏光板222间设有光学补偿膜23(如图3所示)。另外，也可以在第一基板211的那一侧，于第一基板211与第一偏光板221间设有光学补偿膜23(图未示)。也可以同时分别在第一基板211、第二基板212与第一偏光板221、第二偏光板222中间皆设有光学补偿膜23(图未示)。以入射光的路径方向来看，会依序经过第一膜层231、第二膜层232、第三膜层233，及第四膜层234。当背光模块的光经过偏光板22入射光学补偿膜23时，经过膜层界面的多次折射及多次反射，最终使多数光源将穿透光学补偿膜23，同时起到增亮的效果及相位补偿的效果。
此外，光学补偿膜23可以具有A板相位补偿或C板相位补偿等单光轴相位补偿的作用，或者是具有A+C板(双光轴)相位补偿作用。
由图3至图5可知，本申请的液晶显示装置2，借由光学补偿膜23所具有的第一膜层231、第二膜层232、第三膜层233，及第四膜层234，第一膜层231、第二膜层232、第三膜层233及第四膜层234层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的第一折射率、第二折射率、第三折射率，及第四折射率，其中第一折射率小于第二折射率，且第三折射率小于第四折射率的设计，可解决当视线与偏光板吸收轴的夹角自偏光板的吸收轴线变移时可视角度的变化，且具减少光漏及增亮并同时相位补偿的效果。
以上内容是结合具体的实施方式对本申请所作的进一步详细说明，不能 认定本申请的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请构思的前提下，还可以做出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种液晶显示装置，包括：
    一液晶单元，具有一第一基板、一相对于该第一基板的第二基板，及一设于该第一基板及该第二基板间的液晶层；
    一对偏光板，夹设该液晶单元；及
    一光学补偿膜，设于至少其中一偏光板及该液晶单元间，该光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，该第一膜层、该第二膜层、该第三膜层及该第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中该第一折射率小于该第二折射率，且该第三折射率小于该第四折射率。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元还具有一第一电极层，设于该第一基板及该液晶层间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元还具有一第二电极层，设于该第二基板及该液晶层间。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元还具有一设于该第一电极层及该液晶层间的第一垂直配向层，及一设于该第二电极层及该液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的液晶显示装置，其中该第二电极层上设有突起物及间隔物。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中一抗闪光层设于较接近该液晶显示装置视者的其中一偏光板表面上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的液晶显示装置，其中一抗反射膜设于该抗闪光层的一表面上。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶层包括一向列态液晶材料，其具有一负电介体各向异性，而向列态液晶材料的液晶分子在无施加电压下实质垂直于该第一基板或该第二基板。
  10. 一种液晶显示装置，包括：
    一液晶单元，具有一第一基板、一相对于该第一基板的第二基板、一设 于该第一基板及该第二基板间的液晶层、一设于该第一基板及该液晶层间的第一电极层、及一设于该第二基板及该液晶层间的第二电极层；
    一对偏光板，夹设该液晶单元；及
    一光学补偿膜，设于至少其中一偏光板及该液晶单元间，该光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，该第一膜层、该第二膜层、该第三膜层及该第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中该第一折射率小于该第二折射率，且该第三折射率小于该第四折射率。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元还具有一设于该第一电极层及该液晶层间的第一垂直配向层，及一设于该第二电极层及该液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的液晶显示装置，其中该第二电极层上设有突起物及间隔物。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶单元具有众多像素区域，各像素区域包括二或多个液晶区域，其分别具有不同的液晶分子方位。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的液晶显示装置，其中一抗闪光层设于较接近该液晶显示装置视者的其中一偏光板表面上。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的液晶显示装置，其中一抗反射膜设于该抗闪光层的一表面上。
  16. 如权利要求10所述的液晶显示装置，其中该液晶层包括一向列态液晶材料，其具有一负电介体各向异性，而向列态液晶材料的液晶分子在无施加电压下实质垂直于该第一基板或该第二基板。
  17. 一种液晶显示装置的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
    制备一液晶单元，于该液晶单元形成一第一基板、一相对于该第一基板的第二基板、及一设于该第一基板及该第二基板间的液晶层；
    制备一对偏光板，该对偏光板夹设该液晶单元；及
    制备一光学补偿膜，形成于至少其中一偏光板及该液晶单元间，该光学补偿膜包括一第一膜层、一第二膜层、一第三膜层，及一第四膜层，该第一膜层、该第二膜层、该第三膜层及该第四膜层彼此迭设，且分别具有数值不同的一第一折射率、一第二折射率、一第三折射率，及一第四折射率，其中 该第一折射率小于该第二折射率，且该第三折射率小于该第四折射率。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的制造方法，其中还包括于该液晶单元形成一设于该第一基板及该液晶层间的第一电极层。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的制造方法，其中还包括于该液晶单元形成一设于该第二基板及该液晶层间的第二电极层。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的制造方法，其中还包括于该液晶单元形成一设于该第一电极层及该液晶层间的第一垂直配向层，及一设于该第二电极层及该液晶层间的第二垂直配向层。
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