WO2019081403A1

WO2019081403A1 - Device and method for treating a component

Info

Publication number: WO2019081403A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/078843
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ruben KAPP; Karsten Frank; Dominic Schehrer
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2017-10-26
Filing date: 2018-10-22
Publication date: 2019-05-02
Also published as: DE102017219248A1; EP3700711A1; EP3700711B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for treating a component (19) comprising a nozzle element (11) having at least one flow path (12) for introducing a fluid and at least one supply channel for solid particles, wherein a jet formed from the fluid and the solid particles passes out via at least one nozzle outlet opening of the nozzle element. In addition, a closure element (13) is arranged in the at least one flow path (12) of the nozzle element (11), wherein the closure element (13) can move back and forth alternatingly between a position unblocking the flow path (12) and a position blocking the flow path (12), in order to create a pulsing jet, wherein an in-feed region (22), where supply channels (14, 14') transition into the flow path (12), is arranged downstream of the closure element (13) in the flow direction, such that jet impulses of the pulsing jet form a strengthened pulsing jet formed of fluid and particles, on their way to the nozzle outlet opening (18) by sweeping along solid particles from the supply channels.

Description

Apparatus and method for treating a component

description

The invention relates to a device for treating a component, wherein the device has a nozzle body with at least one flow path for introducing a fluid and at least one feed channel for solid particles, wherein a jet formed from the fluid and the solid particles via at least one nozzle outlet opening of the nozzle body exit, and further

Method for treating a component.

PRIOR ART The strength of components can be significantly increased by deliberately introducing compressive residual stresses. For eligible components are, for example, welds having components and internal pressure loaded components or axle shafts or the like. A method suitable for increasing the strength, in addition to blasting by means of compressed air, is liquid blasting for the treatment of a component surface, wherein the depth effect is low and control of the treatment process is only possible to a limited extent.

From DE 10 2010 043 285 AI a method and an apparatus for treating a device are known, wherein for generating compressive residual stresses at least a portion of the surface of the device is irradiated with a blasting agent, wherein the blasting agent comprises a liquid and particles, wherein the liquid and the particles are configured in such a way that essentially the inherent voltage state of the component is changed during the irradiation.

epiphany

Advantages of the invention The device with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that a greater control over the surface treatment process of components is possible. For this purpose, it is provided that a closing body is arranged in the at least one flow path of the nozzle body, wherein the closing body alternately between a the flow path releasing

Position and a shut-off the flow path position is movable back and forth to form a pulsating jet, that a junction region where the at least one feed channel merges into the flow path downstream of the closing body, so that jet pulses of the pulsating beam on their way to Forming nozzle orifice by entrainment of solid particles from the at least one supply channel form a solidified from fluid and particles pulsating jet. This makes it possible to introduce defined residual stresses into the surface of a component to be treated down to deeper atomic layers into it. The solid particles can be, for example, mixtures formed from nano-particles which can be applied to a surface at high speed in order to process them, which leads to correspondingly structured or highly smooth surfaces of high quality and to special functional surfaces. Further advantageous developments and refinements of the invention will become apparent from the measures listed in the dependent claims.

Conveniently, a plurality of feed channels are provided in the nozzle body, whereby it is possible to produce a high density of solid particles in the solidified pulsating beam.

By according to an embodiment of the invention, the supply channels in the junction region each form an angle with the flow path, which is less than or equal to 90 °, preferably between about 30 ° and 60 °, arises due to the prevailing turbulence in the confluence flow conditions in cooperation with the oblique or at an acute angle in the flow path transitional feed channels a relatively strong suction effect on the brought up in the feed channels solid particles, which leads to a high proportion and therefore high degree of mixing of these particles in the fluid component. A preferred embodiment of the invention, with which this suction effect can be optimally exploited, can consist in that the supply channels in the flow direction each have a line cross-section gradually narrowing towards the junction area.

In order to produce as homogeneous a mixture as possible of solid particles in the solidified pulsating jet, the feed channels are arranged to run symmetrically with respect to the course of the flow path.

Since the at least one flow path between the closing body and a nozzle outlet opening of the nozzle body has an approximately constant line cross-section, a solidified pulsating jet with an approximately homogeneously compressed beam cross-section therefore forms at the nozzle outlet opening.

A relatively simple embodiment of the invention is that the at least one flow path extends along a longitudinal central axis of the nozzle body.

In order to enable a rapid switching of the closing body between its open position and its blocking position, the closing body is controllable via a servo-hydraulic, a mechanical or a direct-acting actuator, which is magnetically or piezo-electrically operable.

In the method, which is used for treating a component, it is provided that a pulsating fluid jet is generated in a nozzle body, wherein at least one flow path is alternately released and shut off by means of a closing body, in order to pass the fluid jet in each case released state of the flow path in pulses about at least one

Feed particle introduced solid particles are successively detected and entrained by the pulsed-transmitted fluid jet so that a solidified from fluid and solid particles pulsating beam is generated, and that then the solidified pulsating jet is radiated through at least one Düsenaustrittsöff- tion on a surface of the component, at least locally there To cause residual stresses. Advantageously, the method is suitable for plating components by, for example, particles of metallic material can be applied to a component surface, whereby locally functional surfaces can be created. The plating can also be done selectively. Advantageously, the method is also suitable for doping

Materials, for example by particles of ferromagnetic material are irradiated or injected into surfaces of a non-ferromagnetic material, whereby, for example, a local information carrier is generated, which can be read out magnetically. The method is also suitable for surface structuring. The solid particles can be introduced together with a fluid component via the at least one feed channel.

An embodiment of the method according to the invention can be that the solidified pulsating beam is generated with an adjustable pulse frequency, which is in a pulse frequency range from a single shot to a pulse frequency of about 5 kHz. The pulse frequency as a beam parameter can therefore advantageously be set depending on the particular application and can also be varied during the treatment process - as process parameters relevant to the process parameters. By further beam parameters such as pulse length and pulse spacing, the setting of which is possible by design, the control of the treatment or manufacturing process can be improved even more. Advantageously, a präprozeduraler cleaning step of components to be irradiated or workpieces because of the fluid beam component is not mandatory, so that therefore a cost reduction can be achieved. In addition, the high level of production control in the blast treatment of components enables a reduction in scrap rates and thus an increase in efficiency and productivity.

A component which has been surface-treated according to such a method has an increased strength of its structure due to inherent compressive stresses and is therefore suitable for use at higher loads without further adaptation of geometry and / or material, as this For example, for components in high-pressure or under different loading systems is the case.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail in the following description and in the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 shows a view, mainly in longitudinal section, of a section of a nozzle body of the device according to the invention.

Description of the embodiments

1 illustrates, in a longitudinal section which is held in a very schematic manner, a device designated as a whole by 10, which has a nozzle body 11 with a central flow path or through-channel 12 which runs coaxially to the longitudinal center axis 11 ^'of the nozzle body 11, a closing body 13 accommodated in the through-channel 12 and a plurality of feed channels 14, 14 ^' which open into the through-channel 12 in an area 12 ^' downstream of the closing body 13, where solid particles introduced from a fluid 15 flowing in the central passage 12 and from the feed channels 14, 14 ^' 16, a beam 17 solidified therefrom is produced which emerges from an outlet opening 18 of the nozzle body 11 formed as a pointed hole and irradiates a surface 19 ^'of a component 19 to be treated arranged in the beam direction, wherein the beam direction coincides with the

Longitudinal axis 11 ^'of the nozzle body 11 is aligned. By the closing body 13 is slidably disposed in a larger diameter portion 20 of the central passageway 12 along the longitudinal central axis 11 ^' and alternately alternately between a passage opening 12 and a shut-off position moves axially back and forth in time with a - not shown - control is, a pulsating fluid jet is generated. The fluid which is introduced into the through-channel 12 can in the exemplary embodiment be designed as a test oil or else as water, while the particles 16, which are introduced as solid blasting agent via the feed channels 14, 14 ^' , for example as steel balls or as nanoparticles can be trained; on- Examples of embodiments of the solid abrasive include round, angular or elongated particles. The particles may be organic, inorganic, mineral (eg corundum, glass) but also metallic (eg chilled cast iron, steel, zinc). The particle sizes used can be in the nano range, depending on the application in μηι-ΒεΓε ^ Γΐ, for example, in a size distribution between 40 to 70 μηι, or in the millimeter range, are.

With each opening stroke, which executes the closing body 13, the fluid 15, which is supplied by means of a high-pressure pump (not shown) compressed to the central passage 12 of the nozzle body 11 flows in pulses through the region 20 past the closing body 13 via a tapered region 21st into a smaller diameter end portion 12 ^'of the passage 12. In this end portion 12 ^' with a constant line cross section tears the fluid - due to the increased in the narrowed line cross-section fluid velocity of 500 m / s, for example, depending on the system pressure - with each jet pulse particles 16, which are in the feed channels 14, 14 ^' , which open into the end portion 12 ^{' of} the passageway 12 and that in the junction region 22. The junction region 22 is arranged approximately intermediate between the cone-shaped tapering region 21 and the nozzle outlet opening 18. Thereby, a pulsating solidified beam 17 is generated, which is formed of temporally successive and thus spaced from each other in the beam direction current jet pulses, which then exit through the outlet opening 18 and impinge on the surface 19 ^'of the component 19 with high jet velocity.

With each following on the opening cycle closing clock, the closing body 13 performs, the flow path or passage 12 is shut off for the fluid and thus set a respective beam pulse in the pulsating fluid jet. During the closing cycle, the closing body 13 is in its position shutting off the flow path or passage channel 12, wherein the closing body 13 with its cone-shaped head 13 ^' rests positively on the conically tapered region 21 of the passage channel 12.

The feed channels 14, 14 ^' each have two sections, of which a respective first section 14-1, 14 ^' -1 is parallel to the longitudinal central axis 11 ^' and thus Runs parallel to the passageway 12, and then in the flow direction in a second section 14-2, 14 ^' -2, which opens at an angle Θ to the longitudinal central axis 11 ^' obliquely into the flow path or passage 12. In order to achieve a relatively homogeneously solidified or mixed beam cross section for each beam pulse, both feed channels 14, 14 ^' extend symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal central axis 11 ^' . In order to achieve an optimum entrainment effect for the particles 16, the angle Θ is dimensioned such that it lies in an angular range of 30 ° <Θ <60 °. In addition, the respective second section of the feed channels 14, 14 ^'has a line cross-section which continuously narrows towards the junction area 22 and has a space-opening angle φ of approximately 10 °.

The closing body 13 is via a servo-hydraulic, a mechanical or a direct-acting actuator, which is magnetically or piezo-electrically operable controllable to in cooperation with the control (not shown) and - optionally - a servo-hydraulic switching valve quickly to switch between its open position and its locked position. With a design-related switching time of about 90 με for the closing body adjustable pulse frequencies for the solidified pulsating beam of up to about 5 kHz are possible. Separately adjustable is due to the design and the

Pulse length and / or the pulse interval. The pulse spacing can be varied as a beam parameter. The pulse length can amount to a minimum of 90 με, whereby a typical pulse length, for example, can preferably be between 150 με and 10 ms. In terms of process engineering, it is provided that a pulsating fluid jet is generated in a nozzle body 11, wherein the flow path 12 is alternately released and shut off by means of the closing body 13 in order to pass the fluid jet in each case released state of the flow path 12 in pulses, whereupon via the supply channels 14, 14 ^' introduced solid particles are so entrained and entrained by the impulsively transmitted fluid jet that a solidified from fluid 15 and solid particles 16 pulsating beam 17 is generated, and then the solidified pulsating beam 17 through at least one nozzle outlet opening 18 on a surface 19 ^'of the component 19 is radiated in order there to cause at least locally residual stresses. In this case, the solidified pulsating beam is generated with a pulse frequency. testifies, which is in a pulse frequency range of a few hertz to about 5 kHz. Depending on the application, therefore, the pulse rate can be adjusted. Pulse frequency, pulse length and / or pulse interval are adjustable beam parameters of the method according to the invention, which serve as variable process parameters for and / or during the treatment procedure of a component.

Claims

claims

1. An apparatus for treating a component, the apparatus having a nozzle body with at least one flow path for introducing a fluid and having at least one supply channel for solid particles, wherein a jet formed from the fluid and the solid particles via at least one nozzle outlet opening of the nozzle body Outlet, characterized in that a closing body (13) in the at least one flow path (12) of the nozzle body (11) is arranged, wherein the closing body (13) alternately between the flow path (12) releasing position and a flow path ( 12) shut-off position is movable back and forth to form a pulsating jet that a junction region (22), where the at least one feed channel (14, 14 ^' ) merges into the flow path (12), in the flow direction of the closing body ( 13), so that beam pulses of the pulsating beam on their way to Düsenaus Forming opening (18) by entrainment of solid particles from the at least one supply channel form a fluidized from fluid (15) and particles (16) pulsed beam.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of supply channels (14, 14 ^' ) in the nozzle body (11) are provided.

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the supply channels (14, 14 ^' ) in the junction region (22) each form an angle with the flow path (12), which is less than or equal to 90 °, preferably between about 30 ° and 60 lies.

4. Apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the supply channels (14, 14 ^' ) in the flow direction in each case a to the Einmün- dungsbereich (22) towards gradually narrowing line cross-section.

5. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the supply channels (14, 14 ^' ) symmetrically to the direction of the flow path (12) are arranged to extend.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one flow path (12) between the closing body (13) and a nozzle outlet opening (18) of the nozzle body (11) has an approximately constant line cross-section.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one flow path (12) along a longitudinal central axis (11 ^' ) of the nozzle body (11).

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the closing body (13) via a servo-hydraulic, a mechanical or a direct-acting actuator, which is magnetically or piezo-electrically operable, is controllable.

9. A method for treating a component, wherein a pulsating fluid jet in a nozzle body (11) is generated, wherein at least one flow path (12) by means of a closing body (13) alternately released and shut off to the fluid jet in each released state of the flow path ( 12) in pulses, whereupon via at least one feed channel (14, 14 ^' ) brought up solid particles are successively detected and entrained by the impulsively transmitted fluid jet so that a solidified from fluid and solid particles pulsating beam is generated, and then the solidified pulsating Beam is radiated through at least one nozzle outlet opening (18) on a surface of the component (19) in order there to cause at least locally gene tensions.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the solidified pulsating beam is generated with an adjustable pulse rate, which is in a pulse range from a single shot up to a pulse frequency of about 5 kHz.

11. Component surface-treated according to the method of claim 9 or 10.