WO2019078209A1 - 植物生育促進剤 - Google Patents
植物生育促進剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019078209A1 WO2019078209A1 PCT/JP2018/038519 JP2018038519W WO2019078209A1 WO 2019078209 A1 WO2019078209 A1 WO 2019078209A1 JP 2018038519 W JP2018038519 W JP 2018038519W WO 2019078209 A1 WO2019078209 A1 WO 2019078209A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- component
- plant growth
- soil
- pks
- mass
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/34—Rosaceae [Rose family], e.g. strawberry, hawthorn, plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant growth promoter and a method for growing a plant.
- These nutrient components such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are fertilized in the form of base fertilizers and top dressings, or diluted with liquid fertilizers and applied by soil irrigation or foliar application. These fertilizers are essential for the growth of plants, but even if they are provided at a certain concentration or more, they can not contribute to the improvement of plant growth and yield.
- Plant growth regulators such as gibberellins and auxins are used to control germination, rooting, elongation, flowering, fruit set etc. growth and morphogenetic responses, but the action of these substances is multifaceted. And complex, with limited applications.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-289820 describes a soil improver which is obtained by classifying and packing a shell of an eggshell which has been crushed and cut into an irregular shape with its outer skin and hard inner shell adhering to each other.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-302340 describes a soil improver containing fibrous material of eggplant skin as a main component.
- 11-50052 describes a soil swelling softener obtained by mixing coconut husk chips and coconut husk fibers with coconut husk dust.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-23560 describes at least one kind of culture soil selected from the group consisting of coconut dust, bark beast and sawdust as a culture soil.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-192484 describes a plant growth promoter characterized by containing an organic substance such as a ground product obtained by grinding the mesocarp of coconut, or a fermented product thereof, and a neutralizing agent. It is done.
- the present invention provides a plant growth promoter that exhibits excellent growth promoting effect on plants such as agricultural products without causing phytotoxicity and the like to the plants.
- the present invention contains one or more components of a seed shell component [hereinafter referred to as component (a)] of a plant selected from the family of palmaceae oil palm, leguminous leguminous family, walnut family, rose family cherry genus, olive series Related to plant growth promoters.
- component (a) a seed shell component of a plant selected from the family of palmaceae oil palm, leguminous leguminous family, walnut family, rose family cherry genus, olive series Related to plant growth promoters.
- the present invention includes a plant growth promoter containing palm coconut hard shell.
- the present invention also relates to a method for cultivating plants, which cultivates plants in the soil containing the plant growth promoter of the present invention.
- the plant growth promoter which shows the growth promotion effect excellent with respect to plants, such as agricultural products, without producing a phytotoxicity etc. to a plant, its manufacturing method, and the method of growing a plant are provided.
- the yield can be improved by applying the plant growth promoter of the present invention to, for example, agricultural products.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention contains a seed shell component [component (a) of a plant selected from the family of the following family of palmaceous oil palms, legumes, legumes, walnuts, roses belonging to the family Rosaceae, and olive series.
- the component (a) may be used alone, or in combination of two or more, for example, two.
- the seed shell component referred to in the component (a) may be a shell that protects seeds (ovules), and may be known as a sheath, shell or the like.
- the seed shell component may include a component of seed.
- a coconut palm seed shell component As a coconut husk seed shell component, a coconut palm seed shell component is mentioned.
- palm palm seed shell components are synonymous with palm hard shell. That is, as a coconut husk seed shell component, palm coconut hard husk is mentioned.
- seed shell components of the legume legume include seed shell components of plants such as soybean, cowpea, peanut, pea, pigeon, peas, jack bean, zeocarpa bean, raccoon bean, musk bean and the like.
- seed shell components of the walnut family include seed shell components of plants such as cornflower, walnut, saurygumi, tilapia grisea, cynonogrumi, nogurumi, pecan and the like.
- seed shell component of the rose family Sakura genus a seed shell component of a plant known as a nuclear fruit, for example, a seed shell component of a plant such as plum, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, jujube, mango, prune is mentioned
- seed shell components of olive series include seed shell components of plants belonging to the genus Olive (Genus Olea) such as olive.
- component (a) one or more components selected from hard coconut shell, peach seed shell, plum seed shell, prune seed shell, peanut seed shell, walnut seed shell, plum seed shell and olive seed shell are preferably mentioned.
- component (a) one or more components selected from hard coconut shell, peach seed shell, plum seed shell, prune seed shell, peanut seed shell, walnut seed shell, plum seed shell and olive seed shell are preferably mentioned.
- Be A plant growth promoter containing palm coconut hard shell is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Palm palm hard shell is available, for example, as a shell left after squeezing oil from palm fruit and fruit kernels.
- the palm hard shell may be referred to as PKS.
- the peach seed shell is, for example, a shell left after removing pulp and seed kernels from peach fruits.
- a plum seed shell is, for example, a shell left after removing flesh and seed kernels from plum fruit.
- a prune seed shell is, for example, a shell left after removing flesh and seed kernels from plain fruits.
- a peanut seed shell is, for example, a shell which remains after peanut seeds are removed from the seeds (beans).
- the walnut seed shell is, for example, a shell (inner peel) which remains after removing the pulp and seeds (grains) from the walnut fruit.
- a plum seed shell is, for example, a shell left after removing flesh and seed kernels from plum fruit.
- An olive seed shell is, for example, a shell left after removing fruits (including oil) and seeds of seeds from olive fruits.
- the seed shell component of the component (a) is a shell from which edible parts such as pulp and useful parts such as fat and oil raw materials have been removed, and is generally discarded.
- the present invention has been found out that the component (a) such as PKS improves the yield of plants such as agricultural products by modifying the soil.
- the component (a) such as PKS improves the yield of plants such as agricultural products by modifying the soil.
- other substances known as plant biomass such as sugarcane bagasse, show no improvement in the yield of plants due to the effect of soil modification, and PKS etc.
- the effect of the ingredients is an unexpected effect for the person skilled in the art found according to the present invention.
- the soil is modified as a result of the chemical action of the component (a), for example, PKS, on the soil.
- the component (a), for example, PKS preferably contains lignin at 40% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, and preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 55% by mass or less.
- the lignin content in palm coconut hard shell is determined by the Crason lignin method. That is, according to TAPPI official analysis method T222 om-83, the total lignin content is calculated by the sum of the acid-insoluble lignin ratio and the acid-soluble lignin ratio.
- the particulate matter of the component (a) may be referred to as the particulate (a) component.
- the particulate (a) component may contain lignin in the above range.
- the particulate (a) component may be a pulverized product of the (a) component.
- the PKS granular material may be referred to as a PKS granular material.
- the PKS granules may contain lignin in the above range.
- the PKS granules may be milled PKS.
- the average particle diameter of the granular component (a), for example, PKS is preferably 1,000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of water resistance and growth promotion of soil granules. More preferably, it is 350 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and from the viewpoint of the productivity of the granular material, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, further
- the particle size is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more, and still more preferably 80 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of the handleability of the granular material.
- the average particle diameter of the granular component (a), for example, the PKS granular material is measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus “LA-950” (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- the granular component (a) component for example, PKS granular material
- PKS granular material can be obtained by grinding hard coconut palm shell with a known grinding means such as a grinder.
- a known grinding means such as a grinder.
- the pulverizer used for pulverizing the component (a), for example, PKS for example, PKS.
- Driving media mills such as roller mills, rolling ball mills, vibrating ball mills, vibrating rod mills, vibrating tube mills, planetary ball mills or centrifugal fluidizing mills, tower grinders, stirred tank mills, flow tank mills or annular mills, etc.
- Media-stir mills high-speed centrifugal roller mills, consolidation shear mills such as ong mills, mortars, mills, muscoroiders, fret mills, edge runner mills, knife mills, pin mills, cutter mills and the like.
- a container-driven medium mill or a medium-stirred mill more preferably, a container-driven medium mill, more preferably A vibrating mill such as a vibrating ball mill, a vibrating rod mill or a vibrating tube mill, more preferably a vibrating rod mill.
- the grinding method may be either a batch type or a continuous type.
- the material of the device and / or medium used for the pulverization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include iron, stainless steel, alumina, zirconia, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, glass and the like. From the viewpoint of industrial use, iron, stainless steel, zirconia, silicon carbide and silicon nitride are preferable, and iron or stainless steel is more preferable.
- the apparatus used is a vibrating mill and the medium is a rod or a ball.
- the outer diameter of the rod is preferably 5 mm or more, more preferably 10 mm or more, still more preferably 20 mm or more from the viewpoint of efficient grinding, and from the same viewpoint, preferably It is 100 mm or less, more preferably 50 mm or less, still more preferably 40 mm or less.
- the outer diameter of the ball is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more from the viewpoint of efficient grinding, and preferably 100 mm or less from the same viewpoint. Preferably it is 50 mm or less.
- the filling rate of the medium is preferably in the range of 10% by volume or more, more preferably 30% by volume or more, and still more preferably 50% by volume or more, from the viewpoint of efficient grinding, although the suitable range varies depending on the model of the vibration mill. And preferably not more than 95% by volume, more preferably not more than 90% by volume, still more preferably not more than 70% by volume.
- the filling rate refers to the volume of the medium relative to the volume of the container of the stirring unit of the vibrating mill.
- the time of grinding varies depending on the grinding machine used and the amount of energy used, etc., but from the viewpoint of refining of plant biomass, it is usually 1 minute or more, preferably 3 minutes or more, and From the viewpoint and the economical point of view, it is usually 12 hours or less, preferably 3 hours or less, more preferably 1 hour or less, and further preferably 12 minutes or less.
- the component (a), for example, PKS can be pulverized in the presence of a basic compound. . After the treatment, it is preferably neutralized with an acid.
- Examples of the basic compound used for the pulverization treatment include alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, sodium oxide, Alkali metal oxides such as potassium oxide, alkaline earth metal oxides such as magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, alkali metal sulfides such as sodium sulfide and potassium sulfide, alkaline earth metal sulfides such as magnesium sulfide and calcium sulfide, water Examples include quaternary ammonium hydroxide such as tetramethyl ammonium oxide and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide.
- alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline earth metal hydroxides preferred are alkali metal hydroxides or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, more preferably alkali metal hydroxides, and still more preferably sodium hydroxide or water. It is potassium oxide. These basic compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the basic compound used in the pulverization treatment may be the anhydroglucose unit (hereinafter referred to as "AGU") constituting the cellulose, when holocellulose in the component (a), for example, PKS is assumed to be all cellulose.
- AGU anhydroglucose unit
- PKS is assumed to be all cellulose.
- 0.01 times mol or more, more preferably 0.05 times mol or more, still more preferably 0.1 times mol or more per mole, and neutralization and / or washing of the basic compound From the viewpoint of easiness and cost of the basic compound, it is preferably 10 times mol or less, more preferably 8 times mol or less, still more preferably 5 times mol or less, further preferably 1.5 times mol or less.
- the water content at the time of the pulverization treatment is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, still more preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 1% by mass or more, based on the dry mass of the component (a), for example, PKS. Is 2% by mass or more, and preferably 40% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and still more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the amount of water at the time of pulverization means the amount of water relative to the dry mass of the component (a), for example, PKS, and the amount of water contained in the component (a), for example, PKS or basic compound is reduced by drying or the like. It can adjust suitably by adding water at the time of a grinding process, raising a moisture content, etc.
- the average particle diameter of the particulate (a) component obtained after the pulverization treatment is preferably 1,000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 350 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more Preferably it is 1.0 micrometer or more, More preferably, it is 10 micrometers or more.
- component (a), for example PKS can be carried out as described above.
- the average particle diameter of the particulate matter can also be in the above range.
- the component (a), for example, PKS, and further, the particulate (a) component, for example, PKS particulate, is preferably subjected to a water treatment.
- the water treatment is carried out by bringing a medium containing water (hereinafter referred to as an aqueous medium) into contact with the component (a), for example, PKS. That is, water treatment is water contact treatment.
- An aqueous medium is water or a medium containing water.
- the pH of the aqueous medium is preferably 6 or more and 9 or less, more preferably 6 or more and 8 or less.
- the temperature of the aqueous medium is preferably 25 ° C. or more, more preferably 35 ° C. or more, and preferably 60 ° C.
- the contact time of the component (a), for example, PKS, with the aqueous medium is preferably 1 hour or more and 48 hours or less.
- the amount of the aqueous medium is preferably 200 parts by mass or more and 2,000 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the component (a), for example, PKS.
- the following method is mentioned as an example of water treatment.
- a dispersion is prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of granular component (a), for example, granular PKS, and 200 to 2,000 parts by mass of water at 35 ° C. to 45 ° C., for example, ion exchanged water. Allow to stand or preferably stir for 1 to 48 hours while maintaining the temperature of the dispersion.
- aqueous medium After standing or stirring, the aqueous medium is removed by filtration or the like to obtain a solid residue, preferably the solid residue is dried to obtain particulates of component (a) such as PKS after water treatment.
- Water treatment may include mixing (a) a component, such as PKS, with an aqueous medium, and after mixing, separating (a) component, such as PKS, from the aqueous medium.
- a method for producing a plant growth promoter comprising a water treatment step of treating (a) a component such as PKS with a medium containing water.
- the pH of the aqueous medium, the temperature of the aqueous medium, and the contact time of the component (a) such as PKS with the aqueous medium are as described above.
- This production method preferably comprises, after the water treatment step, a separation step of separating the component (a) such as PKS from the aqueous medium.
- the component (a), for example, PKS may be a water-treated product. That is, as a plant growth promoter of this invention, the plant growth promoter containing the water-treated thing of (a) component, for example, PKS, is mentioned.
- the water-treated product of component (a), eg, PKS is obtained as a residue after treatment of component (a), eg, PKS, with an aqueous medium as described above.
- component (a), for example, PKS, and further the particulate (a) component, for example, PKS granules may be subjected to a treatment such as hydrophilization.
- Component (a), for example, the hydrophilized particles of PKS are obtained by subjecting particles (a), for example, PKS particles, to a hydrophilization treatment, specifically, an alkali treatment or a hot water treatment (at a higher temperature than the water treatment Treatment, acid treatment, solvent treatment, and treatment combining these can be obtained.
- a plant growth promoter of this invention the plant growth promoter containing the hydrophilization granule of a coconut hard shell is mentioned.
- the component (a), for example, PKS, and further the particulate (a) component, for example, PKS granules, have a contact angle to water (hereinafter sometimes referred to as water contact angle) preferably 50 ° or less from the viewpoint of growth promotion. More preferably, it is 45 ° or less, more preferably 40 ° or less, still more preferably 35 ° or less, still more preferably 30 ° or less, still more preferably 25 ° or less, and preferably 0 ° or more.
- water contact angle of the component (a) such as PKS is measured under the following conditions.
- the component (a) to be measured, for example, PKS may be appropriately crushed and granulated, or if the particles are large or irregular in shape, the particle size and shape may be adjusted by crushing.
- the powder may be used as a compact as a sample as described above.
- the particulate (a) component for example, the powder of PKS particulate matter may be refined by compression.
- a sample for example, a particulate (a) component, and a compressed product of PKS granules are placed so that the plane is horizontal, and pure water at 20 ° C. is dropped to the plane at a particle size of 5 ⁇ m.
- Measure the contact angle The contact angle is determined by determining the angle of the straight line connecting the left and right end points of the droplet to the solid surface and doubling the angle ( ⁇ / 2 method). The measurement is performed three times for one sample, and the value obtained as the average value is adopted as the water contact angle.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention is preferably in the form of granules.
- the particles of the particulate matter may be in the form of powder, pellets, or the like as long as they are easily formed from the component (a), for example, the component containing PKS.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 1,000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 350 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more. And more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of the plant growth promoter of the present invention is measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus “LA-950” (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention contains the component (a), for example, PKS, preferably at 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and preferably 100% by mass or less.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention may be composed of the component (a), for example, PKS, and further, the component (a), for example, PKS particles.
- the plant growth promoter of this invention can contain components other than (a) component, for example, PKS.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention may contain, for example, (1) Fertilizer component, (2) Mineral powder or clay component such as zeolite, vermiculite, bentonite, soft silica (silicate clay), perlite, peat moss, bark compost or other soil improving component, (3) Polymeric substances such as polyethylene imine, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, etc.
- the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of (5) mention may be made of a fungus belonging to the genus Giga-spora and the genus Glomus.
- Glomus intraradicus can be mentioned as an example of the fungus belonging to the genus Glomus.
- examples of the bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus of (6) include Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, or Bacillus thulingen Cis (Bacillus thuringiensis) can be mentioned.
- Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) genus bacteria Pseudomonas putida (Pseudomonas putida) or Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseudomonas fluorescens) can be mentioned.
- Azospirillum bacteria examples include Azospirillum brasilence, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum halopreferans, and Azospirillum amazonense.
- Examples of the Paenibacillus genus bacteria include Paenibacillus polymyxa (Paenibacillus polymyxa) and Paenibacillus macerans (Paenibacillus macerans).
- Burkholderia (Burkholderia) genus bacteria Burkholderia gladioli (Burkholderia gladioli) can be mentioned.
- Seratia marcescens can be mentioned as an example of the Seratia genus bacteria.
- Enterobacter genus bacteria Enterobacter cloacae
- Brevibacterium (Brevibacterium) genus bacteria Brevibacterium yodinum (Brevibacterium iodinum) or Brevibacterium brevis (Brevibacterium brevis)
- Curtobacterium (Curtobacterium) genus bacteria Curtobacterium fracumfaciens can be mentioned.
- leguminous symbiotic rhizobia include bacteria belonging to the genus Rhizobium, bradyrhizobium, or azorhizobium.
- bradyrhizobium (Bradyrhizobiu) bacteria include Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Bradyrhizobium elcitrophi. .
- examples of soyasa saponin of (7) include those described in WO 028/159393 [0028].
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention can contain 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less of the fertilizer component of (1).
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention can contain 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less of the mineral powder or clay component or other soil improving component of (2), or the polymer substance of (3), respectively.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention can contain 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 mass% or more and 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 11 mass% or less of the signal molecule (4).
- colony forming units refer to the number of spores.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention can contain (7) soyasaponin as used, for example, in the amount described in [0040] of WO 2018/159393.
- plant growth promoter of the present invention By adding the plant growth promoter of the present invention to the soil, useful microorganisms present in the soil, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria of the genus Bacillus and bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, Azospirillum bacteria, Paenibacillus bacteria, Burkholderia bacteria, Seratia bacteria, Enterobacter bacteria, Brevibacterium bacteria, Curtobacterium It is expected that the activity of the plant growth promoting bacteria such as (Curtobacterium) genus bacteria and the leguminous symbiotic rhizobia can be improved and the amount of adhesion to the plants can be improved.
- useful microorganisms present in the soil such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria of the genus Bacillus and bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas, Azospirillum bacteria, Paenibacillus bacteria, Burkholderia bacteria, Seratia
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
- Bacillus (Bacillus) bacteria Bacillus (Bacillus) bacteria
- Pseudomonas bacteria Bacillus (Bacillus) bacteria
- Azospirillum bacteria Puenibacillus
- Plant growth promoting bacteria such as bacteria, Burkholderia bacteria, Seratia bacteria, Enterobacter bacteria, Brevibacterium bacteria, Curtobacterium bacteria, etc.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention can contain a surfactant from the viewpoint of adhesion of the component (a) such as PKS to the site of action and increase in penetration amount.
- the surfactant includes one or more surfactants selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- nonionic surfactant is preferable.
- the surfactant is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, still more preferably, per 100 parts by mass of component (a), for example, PKS.
- the content is 50 parts by mass or more, preferably 1,900 parts by mass or less, more preferably 600 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 400 parts by mass or less.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention can contain a water-soluble polymer from the viewpoint of increasing the amount of adhesion of component (a), for example, PKS, to the action site.
- water-soluble for a water-soluble polymer means that it is dissolved in 100 g of water at 20 ° C. in an amount of 1 g or more.
- the water-soluble polymer any of natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers can be used, and among them, polysaccharide-based water-soluble polymers are preferable.
- polysaccharide-based water-soluble polymers include guar gum, xanthan gum, starch, cellulose, cod gum, roasted bean gum, carrageenan, and derivatives thereof.
- the water-soluble polymer is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 100 parts by mass of component (a), for example, PKS.
- the content is 50 parts by mass or more, preferably 1,900 parts by mass or less, more preferably 600 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 300 parts by mass or less.
- a fertilizer component can be contained in the plant growth promoter of the present invention.
- the fertilizer component available under trade names such as HYPONICA (Kyowa Co., Ltd.) and HYPONEX is contained in an amount of 1 to 1,900 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of component (a), for example, PKS. Can.
- the form of the plant growth promoter of the present invention is usually in the form of particles comprising component (a) such as PKS, preferably particulate (a) component such as PKS granules, but particulate (a) component such as PKS granules It can also be in the form of a molded article, a particulate (a) component, such as a composite article of PKS granules and another article.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention is preferably used after being added to the soil. That is, the plant growth promoter of the present invention is preferably a soil-added type plant growth promoter.
- the application of the plant growth promoter of the present invention to plants, such as agricultural products, can be carried out by cultivating plants, such as agricultural crops, in the soil containing the plant growth promoter of the present invention.
- the plants targeted by the present invention are preferably plants used as agricultural products.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention can be used as a plant yield improver, and also as a crop improver.
- Examples of plants to which the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention can be applied include Cucurbitaceae, Solanum, Rosaceae, Malvaceae, Leguminous, Legume, Poaceae, Brassicaceae, Allium family, Allium species, Asteraceae, Asteraceae, Hydridaceae, Seriaceae, Examples include ginger, lice, taro, convolvulaceae, pokeweed, lotus and the like.
- Leafy vegetables Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, onion, green onion, garlic, raccoon, leek, leek, asparagus, lettuce, saladana, celery, spinach, sunberry, parsley, honeyba, seri, udon, myoga , Oysters, shiso etc.
- Root vegetables include radish, turnip, burdock, carrot, potato, taro, sweet potato, yam, ginger, lotus root and the like.
- rice, oats, flowers, etc. and grains such as soybeans such as soybeans and green beans tending to be grown on a large scale are more preferable.
- the present invention provides a method of growing a plant, wherein the plant is grown in the soil containing the plant growth promoter of the present invention. That is, a method of growing a plant is provided, wherein the plant is grown in the soil containing the component (a), for example, PKS. Preferred embodiments of the component (a), for example, PKS, used in the method for growing a plant of the present invention are the same as the plant growth promoter of the present invention.
- the plant to which the method for growing a plant of the present invention can be applied is the same as the plant growth promoter of the present invention.
- the method for cultivating a plant of the present invention is a method for cultivating a crop or a method for cultivating a crop.
- the application timing and the application frequency of the component (a) such as PKS are not particularly limited.
- the component (a) such as PKS may be added to the soil before sowing and applied.
- the component (a), for example, PKS may be suitably applied depending on the degree of growth of the plant in any period from the start of cultivation such as sowing and planting to the end of cultivation such as harvesting.
- the component (a), for example, PKS is added to the soil in which the plant is grown and applied to the plant.
- a time of adding to soil it is preferable before sowing.
- the addition of the component (a) of the present invention, eg, PKS, to the soil mixes the particulate (a) component, eg, PKS granules, into the soil, the particulate (a) component, eg, PKS granules, to the soil It can be done by a method such as spraying.
- a method of adding component (a) such as PKS to soil in a field a method of using a spreader in combination with a cultivator etc. and cultivating while dispersing component (a) such as PKS particles is mentioned.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention is further added per 100 parts by mass of the soil for cultivating a plant, and further component (a) such as PKS, preferably 0.0001 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.001 parts Parts or more, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, and preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less More preferably, it is 1.0 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5 part by mass or less.
- PKS preferably 0.0001 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.001 parts Parts or more, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, and preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less More preferably, it is 1.0 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5 part by mass or less.
- the plant growth promoting agent of the present invention and the component (a), for example, PKS are preferably 0.0001 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 0. 05 parts by mass or more, and preferably 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.5 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 1.0
- the plants are grown in a soil containing at most parts by mass, more preferably at most 0.5 parts by mass.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention and further the component (a), for example, PKS
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention is added per soil 10a.
- further component (a) for example PKS, preferably 0.2 kg or more, more preferably 2 kg or more, still more preferably 20 kg or more, and preferably 20,000 kg or less, more preferably 5,000 kg or less, more preferably 2,000 kg, more preferably 1,000 kg or less, still more preferably 500 kg or less.
- the addition amount per 100 parts by mass of soil may be in the above range.
- the present invention contains one or more components of a seed shell component [hereinafter referred to as component (a)] of a plant selected from the family of palmaceae oil palm, leguminous leguminous family, walnut family, rose family cherry genus, olive series Related to soil aggregation.
- component (a) a seed shell component
- the present invention relates to a method of soil aggregation, in which a soil aggregation agent containing one or more components selected from the components (a) is mixed with the soil.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a soil granulated product, which comprises mixing one or more components selected from the component (a) with a soil aggregating agent with the soil.
- the soil aggregation method, and the method for producing a soil granulated product one or more components selected from the component (a) are the component (a).
- the soil aggregation method and the method for producing soil granules specific examples and preferred embodiments of the component (a) are the plant growth promoter of the present invention, plant growth and the like, respectively. It is the same as the method of producing the promoter and the method of cultivating plants.
- the matters described in the plant growth promoter of the present invention, the method for producing a plant growth promoter and the method for growing a plant are the soil aggregation agent of the present invention, the soil aggregation method and a soil granulated product It can be applied to the method.
- the present invention relates to one or more components of a seed shell component [hereinafter referred to as a component (a) component] of a plant selected from coconut palm oil palm, leguminous leguminous family, walnut family, rose family cherry genus, olive series, Use as a plant growth promoter.
- the present invention also relates to the use of one or more components selected from (a) components for promoting plant growth.
- the present invention also relates to the use of one or more components selected from the components (a) as a soil aggregating agent.
- the present invention also relates to the use of one or more components selected from (a) components for soil aggregation.
- one or more components selected from the components (a) are the components (a) described above.
- specific examples and preferable embodiments of the component (a) are the same as the plant growth promoter of the present invention, the method for producing a plant growth promoter, and the method for growing a plant.
- the matters described in the plant growth promoter of the present invention, the method for producing a plant growth promoter and the method for growing a plant can be applied to these uses of the present invention.
- the plant growth promoter of the present invention was produced as follows. ⁇ Production Example 1> Mini-speed mill “MS-05" (manufactured by Labonekto Co., Ltd.) with palm coconut hard shell (PKS) (Densha Co., Ltd.) (palm kernel shell, moisture content 2.3%, lignin content 48.8 mass%) The mixture was then charged 5 times with 20 seconds of grinding. The resulting ground product was sieved, passed through a 500 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve, and left on a 355 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve to give the invention product 1 of a plant growth promoter. The average particle diameter and the water contact angle of the product 1 of the present invention were measured by the above-mentioned method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Production Example 2> In the same manner as in Production Example 1, however, the product which passed through a 355 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve and remained on the 100 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve was designated as the present invention product 2a of a plant growth promoter. Further, as in Production Example 1, however, the product which passed through a 355 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve and remained on the 75 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve was used as the present invention product 2b of a plant growth promoter. Further, as in Production Example 1, however, the product which passed through a 150 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve and remained on the 75 ⁇ m diameter mold sieve was designated as the present invention product 2c of a plant growth promoter.
- Comparative plant growth promoters 1-2 were prepared as follows. ⁇ Comparative Production Example 1> As in Production Example 1, except that the raw materials were changed as described in Table 1, Comparative products 1 to 2 of plant growth promoters were produced. The average particle size and water contact angle of Comparative products 1 and 2 were measured by the above method. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the pot was left outdoors, and 500 L / a of water was sprayed with rainwater and a garden master sprayer (manufactured by KOSHIN) every two days. Three weeks later, the hardness of the soil sample was measured.
- the hardness measurement of the soil sample was performed using a Yamanaka type soil hardness tester (Fujiwara Seisakusho Co., Ltd .: standard soil hardness tester No. 351). According to the instruction manual of the soil hardness tester, the tip cone of the soil hardness tester was inserted until the surface of the soil and the soil sample hit and pulled out slowly.
- the index (mm) of the scale at that time was read, and converted to the supporting strength (kg / cm 2 ) by the following equation. Table 2 shows the average value of five repetitions of the bearing strength as soil hardness.
- P [100X] / [0.7952 (40-X) 2 ]
- P Support strength (kg / cm 2 )
- X Index (mm)
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Abstract
Description
植物が生長するには種々の栄養要素が必要であるが、そのいくつかの要素が不足すると植物の生育に支障を来すことが知られている。例えば、肥料三大要素として窒素は蛋白質の成分元素であり、リンは核酸やリン脂質の構成元素だけでなくエネルギー代謝や物質の合成・分解反応にも重要な役割を果たしており、また、カリウムは物質代謝や物質移動の生理作用がある。これら主要成分の不足により全般的に植物の生育は貧弱になる。カルシウムは、植物体及び細胞を構成する重要な成分であり、また代謝系のバランスを維持する為にも重要な働きをしているため、カルシウムが欠乏すると生理障害をおこす。その他にもMg、Fe、S、B、Mn、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cl、Si、Na等、植物には種々の栄養素が必要である。
特開昭61-289820号公報には、椰子殻をその表皮と硬質内殻とが付着した状態で、不定形に破砕切断したものを大小別に選別区分して包装した土壌改良剤が記載されている。
特開平9-302340号公報には、椰子皮の繊維質を主成物とする土壌改良剤が記載されている。
特開平11-50052号公報には、ヤシ殻ダストに、ヤシ殻チップ及びヤシ殻繊維を混合した土壌膨軟化剤が記載されている。
特開2000-23560号公報には、培土として、ココヤシダスト、樹皮叩解物およびおがくずからなる群から選ばれてなる少なくとも1種の培土が記載されている。
特開2003-192484号公報には、ココヤシの実の中果皮を粉砕した粉砕物もしくはその発酵物などの有機質物質と、中和剤とを含有することを特徴とする植物の成長促進剤が記載されている。
本発明は、植物に薬害等をもたらさず、農作物等の植物に対して優れた生育促進効果を示す植物生育促進剤を提供する。
<植物生育促進剤>
本発明の植物生育促進剤は、ヤシ科アブラヤシ属、マメ科マメ亜科、クルミ科、バラ科サクラ属、オリーブ連から選ばれる植物の種子殻成分〔(a)成分〕を含有する。(a)成分は、1種、又は2種以上、例えば2種を用いることができる。
マメ科マメ亜科の種子殻成分としては、大豆、ササゲ、ピーナッツ、エンドウ、キマメ、ナタマメ、ゼオカルパマメ、タヌキマメ、ハッショウマメ等の植物の種子殻成分が挙げられる。
クルミ科の種子殻成分としては、オニグルミ、クルミ、サワグルミ、シナサワグルミ、シナノグルミ、ノグルミ、ペカン等の植物の種子殻成分が挙げられる。
バラ科サクラ属の種子殻成分としては、核果類として知られている植物の種子殻成分、例えば、ウメ、モモ、スモモ、アンズ、サクランボ、ナツメ、マンゴー、プルーン等の植物の種子殻成分が挙げられる。
オリーブ連(Subtribe Oleinae)の種子殻成分としては、オリーブ等、オリーブ属(Genus Olea)に属する植物の種子殻成分が挙げられる。
パームヤシ硬質殻を含有する植物生育促進剤は、本発明の好ましい態様である。
梅種子殻とは、例えば、梅の果実から果肉部と種の仁を取り除いた後に残る殻である。
プルーン種子殻とは、例えば、プレーンの果実から果肉部と種の仁を取り除いた後に残る殻である。
ピーナッツ種子殻とは、例えば、ピーナッツの種子から実(豆)を取り除いた後に残る殻である。
クルミ種子殻とは、例えば、クルミの仮果から果肉部と種子(仁)を除いた後に残る殻(内果皮)である。
スモモ種子殻とは、例えば、スモモの果実から果肉部と種の仁を取り除いた後に残る殻である。
オリーブ種子殻とは、例えば、オリーブの果実から果実部(油分を含む)と種の仁を取り除いた後に残る殻である。
これらの中では、(a)成分、例えばPKSの粉砕効率、及び生産性の観点から、好ましくは、容器駆動式媒体ミル又は媒体攪拌式ミル、より好ましくは、容器駆動式媒体ミル、更に好ましくは、振動ボールミル、振動ロッドミル又は振動チューブミル等の振動ミル、更に好ましくは、振動ロッドミルである。
粉砕に用いる装置及び/又は媒体の材質としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、鉄、ステンレス、アルミナ、ジルコニア、炭化珪素、チッ化珪素、ガラス等が挙げられるが、セルロース含有原料の粉砕効率の観点から、鉄、ステンレス、ジルコニア、炭化珪素、窒化珪素が好ましく、更に工業的な利用の観点から、鉄又はステンレスがより好ましい。
媒体がロッドの場合には、ロッドの外径は、効率的な粉砕の観点から、好ましくは5mm以上、より好ましくは10mm以上、更に好ましくは20mm以上であり、そして、同様の観点から、好ましくは100mm以下、より好ましくは50mm以下、更に好ましくは40mm以下である。
媒体がボールの場合は、ボールの外径としては、効率的な粉砕の観点から、好ましくは0.1mm以上、より好ましくは1mm以上であり、そして、同様の観点から、好ましくは100mm以下、より好ましくは50mm以下である。
粉砕の時間は、用いる粉砕機や使用するエネルギー量等によって変わるが、植物系バイオマスの微細化の観点から、通常1分以上、好ましくは3分以上であり、そして、植物系バイオマスの微細化の観点及び経済性の観点から、通常12時間以下、好ましくは3時間以下、より好ましくは1時間以下、更に好ましくは12分以下である。
粉砕処理に用いられる塩基性化合物としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウムなどのアルカリ金属水酸化物、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属水酸化物、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ金属酸化物、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属酸化物、硫化ナトリウム、硫化カリウムなどのアルカリ金属硫化物、硫化マグネシウム、硫化カルシウムなどのアルカリ土類金属硫化物、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム、水酸化テトラブチルアンモニウムなどの水酸化四級アンモニウムなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも、酵素糖化率向上の観点から、好ましくは、アルカリ金属水酸化物又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物であり、より好ましくは、アルカリ金属水酸化物、更に好ましくは、水酸化ナトリウム又は水酸化カリウムである。これらの塩基性化合物は、単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
粉砕処理時の水分量は、(a)成分、例えばPKSの乾燥質量に対する水分量を意味し、乾燥処理などにより(a)成分、例えばPKS、塩基性化合物に含まれる水分量を低減することや、粉砕処理時に水を添加して水分量を上げることなどにより、適宜調整することができる。
水処理は、(a)成分、例えばPKSに、水を含む媒体(以下、水性媒体という)を接触させて行う。すなわち、水処理は、水接触処理である。水性媒体は、水又は水を含む媒体である。水性媒体のpHは、好ましくは6以上9以下、より好ましくは6以上8以下である。水性媒体の温度は、好ましくは25℃以上、より好ましくは35℃以上、そして、好ましくは60℃以下、より好ましくは45℃以下である。(a)成分、例えばPKSと水性媒体との接触時間は、好ましくは1時間以上48時間以下である。水性媒体の量は、(a)成分、例えばPKS100質量部に対して、200質量部以上2,000質量部以下が好ましい。
水処理の一例として、次の方法が挙げられる。粒状の(a)成分、例えば粒状のPKS 100質量部と、35℃~45℃の水、例えばイオン交換水200~2,000質量部とを混合して分散体とする。分散体の温度を保ちながら、1~48時間、静置または好ましくは撹拌する。静置または撹拌後、ろ過等によって水性媒体を除去して固形分である残渣を得、好ましくは固形分である残渣を乾燥して、水処理後の(a)成分、例えばPKSの粒状物を得る。
水処理は、(a)成分、例えばPKSと水性媒体とを混合すること、混合後、(a)成分、例えばPKSを水性媒体から分離すること、を含んでよい。
本発明により、(a)成分、例えばPKSを、水を含む媒体で処理する水処理工程を有する、植物生育促進剤の製造方法が提供される。水性媒体のpH、水性媒体の温度、(a)成分、例えばPKSと水性媒体との接触時間は前記の通りである。この製造方法は、前記水処理工程の後に、(a)成分、例えばPKSを水性媒体から分離する分離工程を有することが好ましい。
本発明の植物生育促進剤では、(a)成分、例えばPKSは、水処理物であってよい。すなわち、本発明の植物生育促進剤としては、(a)成分、例えばPKSの水処理物を含有する植物生育促進剤が挙げられる。(a)成分、例えばPKSの水処理物は、(a)成分、例えばPKSを前記のように水性媒体で処理した後の残渣として得られる。
〔(a)成分、例えばPKSの水接触角の測定方法〕
測定対象の(a)成分、例えばPKSを0.1~0.3g採取し、密度が1.3~1.7g/cm3になるように圧力をかけて、平面を有する圧縮物、例えば、円柱、立方体、直方体のような形状を有する圧縮物としたものをサンプルとする。なお、測定対象の(a)成分、例えばPKSは適宜粉砕して粒状にしてもよく、また、粒状物の粒子が大きい場合や形状が不揃いの場合などは、粉砕して粒径や形状を調整した粉体とし、これを前記と同様に圧縮物としてサンプルとしてもよい。また、圧縮により粒状(a)成分、例えばPKS粒状物の粉体が細粒化されてもよい。
サンプル、例えば粒状(a)成分、更にPKS粒状物の圧縮物を、その平面が水平となるように設置し、前記平面に、20℃の純水を粒径5μmで滴下し、1秒後の接触角を測定する。接触角は、液滴の左右端点と頂点を結ぶ直線の固体表面に対する角度を求め、これを2倍することで求める(θ/2法)。測定は1つのサンプルにつき3回行い、その平均値として得た値を水接触角として採用する。
(1)肥料成分、
(2)ゼオライト、バーミキュライト、ベントナイト、ソフトシリカ(珪酸塩白土)、パーライト、ピートモス、バーク堆肥等の鉱物粉末又は粘土成分又は他の土壌改良成分、
(3)ポリエチレンイミン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸等の高分子物質、
(4)キトオリゴ糖、キチン性化合物、フラボノイド、例えばイソフラボン、ルチン等のシグナル分子、
(5)アーバスキュラー菌根菌(arbuscular mycorrhizalfungus)等の真菌、
(6)バチルス(Bacillus)属細菌、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)属細菌、アゾスピリラム(Azospirillum)属細菌、パエニバチルス(Paenibacillus)属細菌、バークホルデリア(Burkholderia)属細菌、セラチア(Seratia)属細菌、エンテロバクター(Enterobacter)属細菌、ブレビバクテリウム(Brevibacterium)属細菌、クルトバクテリウム(Curtobacterium)属細菌、マメ科共生根粒菌等の細菌、
(7)ソヤサポニン
などを含有することができる。
本発明の植物生育促進剤は、(2)の鉱物粉末もしくは粘土成分もしくは他の土壌改良成分、又は(3)の高分子物質を、それぞれ、1質量%以上50質量%以下含有することができる。
本発明の植物生育促進剤は、(4)のシグナル分子を2.5×10-13質量%以上2.5×10-11質量%以下含有することができる。
本発明の植物生育促進剤は、(5)の真菌及び/又は(6)の細菌を、それぞれ、(a)成分、例えばPKS1gあたり102cfu(コロニー形成単位)以上107cfu以下含有することができる。ここで真菌の場合には、コロニー形成単位は胞子の個数を意味する。
本発明の植物生育促進剤は、(7)のソヤサポニンを、例えば、国際公開第2018/159393号の[0040]に記載の量で使用されるように含有する事が出来る。
本発明の植物生育促進剤が界面活性剤を含有する場合、(a)成分、例えばPKS100質量部に対し、界面活性剤を好ましくは1質量部以上、より好ましくは10質量部以上、更に好ましくは50質量部以上、そして、好ましくは1,900質量部以下、より好ましくは600質量部以下、更に好ましくは400質量部以下含有する。
本発明は、本発明の植物生育促進剤を含有する土壌で植物を栽培する、植物の育成方法を提供する。すなわち、(a)成分、例えばPKSを含有する土壌で植物を栽培する、植物の育成方法を提供する。本発明の植物の育成方法に用いる(a)成分、例えばPKSの好ましい態様は、本発明の植物生育促進剤と同じである。本発明の植物の育成方法を適用できる植物は、本発明の植物生育促進剤と同じである。また、本発明の植物の育成方法は、農作物の育成方法又は農作物の栽培方法であることが好ましい。
圃場において(a)成分、例えばPKSを土壌に添加する具体的な方法としては、耕運機などに散布機を併用し、(a)成分、例えばPKS粒状物を散布しながら耕す方法が挙げられる。
本発明は、ヤシ科アブラヤシ属、マメ科マメ亜科、クルミ科、バラ科サクラ属、オリーブ連から選ばれる植物の種子殻成分〔以下、(a)成分という〕の1種以上の成分を含有する、土壌団粒化剤に関する。
また、本発明は、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分を含有する土壌団粒化剤を、土壌と混合する、土壌の団粒化方法に関する。
また、本発明は、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分を含有する、土壌団粒化剤を、土壌と混合する、土壌造粒物の製造方法に関する。
本発明の土壌団粒化剤、土壌の団粒化方法及び土壌造粒物の製造方法において、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分は前記の(a)成分である。本発明の土壌団粒化剤、土壌の団粒化方法及び土壌造粒物の製造方法において、(a)成分の具体例及び好ましい態様などは、それぞれ、本発明の植物生育促進剤、植物生育促進剤の製造方法及び植物の育成方法と同じである。また、本発明の植物生育促進剤、植物生育促進剤の製造方法及び植物の育成方法で述べた事項は、本発明の土壌団粒化剤、土壌の団粒化方法及び土壌造粒物の製造方法に適用することができる。
また、本発明は、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分の、植物生育促のための使用に関する。
また、本発明は、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分の、土壌団粒化剤としての使用に関する。
また、本発明は、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分の、土壌の団粒化のための使用に関する。
本発明のこれらの使用において、(a)成分から選ばれる1種以上の成分は前記の(a)成分である。本発明のこれらの使用において、(a)成分の具体例及び好ましい態様などは、本発明の植物生育促進剤、植物生育促進剤の製造方法及び植物の育成方法と同じである。また、本発明の植物生育促進剤、植物生育促進剤の製造方法及び植物の育成方法で述べた事項は、本発明のこれらの使用に適用することができる。
本発明の植物生育促進剤を以下のように製造した。
<製造例1>
パームヤシ硬質殻(PKS)(株式会社省電舎)(パームカーネルシェル、含水率2.3%、リグニン含有量48.8質量%)をミニスピードミル『MS-05』(ラボネクト株式会社製)中に投入し、20秒間粉砕を5回行った。得られた粉砕物を篩い分けし、500μm径の金型篩を通過し、355μm径の金型篩に残ったものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品1とした。本発明品1の平均粒径、水接触角を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示した。
製造例1と同様に、ただし、355μm径の金型篩を通過し、100μm径の金型篩に残ったものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品2aとした。
また、製造例1と同様に、ただし、355μm径の金型篩を通過し、75μm径の金型篩に残ったものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品2bとした。
また、製造例1と同様に、ただし、150μm径の金型篩を通過し、75μm径の金型篩に残ったものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品2cとした。
また、製造例1と同様に、ただし、75μm径の金型篩を通過したものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品2dとした。
本発明品2a、2b、2c、2dの平均粒径、水接触角を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示した。
製造例2で得た本発明品2aに対し、水処理を行った。本発明品2a 100質量部とイオン交換水900質量部とを、ガラス瓶内で混合してスラリーを得た。得られたスラリーを40℃で、24時間スターラーで撹拌した後、G4ガラスフィルターで吸引ろ過を行い、更に、イオン交換水2,000質量部を加えて洗浄し、残渣を得た。得られた残渣を25℃で真空乾燥し、含水率1.4質量%の粒状物を得、これを本発明品3とした。本発明品3の平均粒径、水接触角を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示した。
ピーチ種子殻、プルーン種子殻、オリーブ種子殻、ウメ種子殻、ピーナッツ種子殻、クルミ種子殻又はスモモ種子殻に関しても各果物から種を取り出し、種子殻を使用して、製造例1と同様に、ただし、150μm径の金型篩を通過し、75μm径の金型篩に残ったものを植物生育促進剤の本発明品4~10とした。本発明品4~10の平均粒径、水接触角を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示した。
<比較製造例1>
製造例1と同様に、ただし、原料を表1記載のように変更して、植物生育促進剤の比較品1~2を製造した。比較品1~2の平均粒径、水接触角を前記の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示した。
(1)土壌造粒物の耐水性評価
表1の植物生育促進剤と土壌とを混合して出来た、混合造粒物の耐水性について評価した。
土壌として、佐賀県の田土(沖積土)を採取したものを目開き2mmの篩に通し、粗大な粒子や石、礫を除いたものを使用した。
土壌を100mLポリカップに投入し、表1の植物生育促進剤を土壌100質量部に対して表1の添加量となるように投入した。さらに土壌に対して30質量%となるように水を投入し、手動で約3分間撹拌後、得られた土壌造粒物の中から直径1~3mmのものを土壌造粒サンプルとした。得られた土壌造粒サンプルを高さ5cmまで水を張ったディスポガラス試験管(13mm×100mm、IWAKI社製)内に投入し、土壌造粒物が崩壊するまでの時間を測定した。測定は各試験、反復数5回とし、その平均値を表1に示した。なお、表中、添加量は、土壌100質量部に対する質量部である(以下同様)。
表2の植物生育促進剤を土壌に添加してダイズに適用した場合の、ダイズの生長促進効果について評価した。
土壌として、荒木田土(コーナン商株式会社より購入)を目開き2mmの篩に通し、粗大な粒子や石、礫を除いたものを使用した。
土壌を電動ミキサー〔ドラム容量63L、『SS100-63』(株式会社シンセイ)〕に投入し、表2の植物生育促進剤を土壌100質量部に対して0.1質量部となるように投入した。さらに土壌に対して20質量%となるように水を投入し、約5分間撹拌後、得られた混合物を土壌サンプルとした。土壌サンプルを育苗用ポリエチレン製ポット(直径12cm)に投入し、10aあたりN/P/K=6kg/6kg/6kgとなるように施肥を行い、別途、子葉展開期まで揃えて生育させたダイズ(品種フクユタカ、岩倉種苗)を本ポットに植え替えた。植え替え後、約3週間後にダイズ苗を取出して水洗し、地下部の乾燥質量を測定した。反復数は8個とし、その平均値を求めた。各平均値は、それぞれの対照の値を100とする相対値で表2に示した。なお、対照は、植物生育促進剤を用いずに実施したもの(表2では比較例2-1)である。表2の相対値が大きいことは、収穫までの生育性が良好であることを意味し、作物の収量増加が期待される。
土壌として、荒木田土(コーナン商株式会社より購入)を目開き2mmの篩に通し、粗大な粒子や石、礫を除いたものを使用した。
土壌を電動ミキサー〔ドラム容量63L、『SS100-63』(株式会社シンセイ)〕に投入し、表2の植物生育促進剤を土壌100質量部に対して0.1質量部となるように投入した。さらに土壌に対して20質量%となるように水を投入し、約5分間撹拌後、得られた混合物を土壌サンプルとした。
土壌サンプル(900g)を育苗用ポリエチレン製ポット(直径12cm)に投入した。本ポットを屋外に放置し、天水及び2日ごとにガーデンマスター噴霧機(KOSHIN製)を用いて500L/aの水を散布した。3週間後、本土壌サンプルの硬度を測定した。土壌サンプルの硬度測定は、山中式土壌硬度計(株式会社藤原製作所:標準型土壌硬度計No.351)を用いて行った。
前記土壌硬度計の取扱説明書に従い、土壌硬度計の先端コーンを鍔と土壌サンプルの表面が当たるまで差し込み、ゆっくりと引き抜いた。その際の目盛の指数(mm)を読み取り、次式にて支持力強度(kg/cm2)に換算した。支持力強度を土壌硬度として反復5回の平均値を表2に示した。
P=〔100X〕/〔0.7952(40-X)2〕
P:支持力強度(kg/cm2)
X:指数(mm)
Claims (6)
- ヤシ科アブラヤシ属、マメ科マメ亜科、クルミ科、バラ科サクラ属、オリーブ連から選ばれる植物の種子殻成分〔以下、(a)成分という〕の1種以上の成分を含有する、植物生育促進剤。
- (a)成分が、パームヤシ硬質殻、ピーチ種子殻、梅種子殻、プルーン種子殻、ピーナッツ種子殻、クルミ種子殻、スモモ種子殻及びオリーブ種子殻から選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1に記載の植物生育促進剤。
- (a)成分が粒状物である、請求項1又は2記載の植物生育促進剤。
- 前記粒状物の平均粒径が1,000μm以下である、請求項3記載の植物生育促進剤。
- (a)成分が、リグニンを40質量%以上60質量%以下含有する、請求項1~4の何れか1項記載の植物生育促進剤。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項記載の植物生育促進剤を含有する土壌で植物を栽培する、植物の育成方法。
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JP7200119B2 (ja) | 2023-01-06 |
CN111278284A (zh) | 2020-06-12 |
US20200275667A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
JPWO2019078209A1 (ja) | 2020-11-05 |
MY197692A (en) | 2023-07-05 |
US11547119B2 (en) | 2023-01-10 |
BR112020004585A2 (pt) | 2020-09-08 |
BR112020004585B1 (pt) | 2024-01-16 |
US20230088263A1 (en) | 2023-03-23 |
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