WO2019058011A1 - Composición para el control del peso a través de la modulación de los niveles de péptidos involucrados en saciedad y/o apetito. - Google Patents
Composición para el control del peso a través de la modulación de los niveles de péptidos involucrados en saciedad y/o apetito. Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019058011A1 WO2019058011A1 PCT/ES2018/070600 ES2018070600W WO2019058011A1 WO 2019058011 A1 WO2019058011 A1 WO 2019058011A1 ES 2018070600 W ES2018070600 W ES 2018070600W WO 2019058011 A1 WO2019058011 A1 WO 2019058011A1
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Definitions
- Composition for the control of weight through the modulation of the levels of peptides involved in satiety and / or appetite.
- the present invention is framed within the following technical fields: nutritional supplements, functional food, pharmaceutical preparation, and animal use; to control body weight and appetite, particularly useful for people who are overweight or obese.
- nutritional supplements functional food, pharmaceutical preparation, and animal use
- body weight and appetite particularly useful for people who are overweight or obese.
- it relates to a composition that includes two polyphenolic extracts of plants.
- Obesity has been described by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global epidemic associated with several metabolic imbalances, which produce an increase in adipose tissue mass, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. . Taken together, these imbalances are a complex pathology known worldwide with the term metabolic syndrome.
- WHO World Health Organization
- Obesity is defined as a condition of excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, which carries a risk to health and predisposes to resistance to insulin, hypertension and dyslipidemia. It is generally accepted that the only option to prevent the development of alterations derived from obesity is to restrict the intake of calories and increase physical activity. However, these changes in the way of life are not feasible because aging is associated with a reduction in muscle mass and resting metabolic rate.
- Obesity is usually treated through a combination of methods, which include adopting a healthy diet, exercise and psychological support to achieve tangible goals of weight reduction and efficient metabolic control of this pathology.
- these methods are difficult to carry out among the overweight population in the long term, because individuals under treatment tend to abandon it and regain lost weight.
- a period of weight loss is accompanied by a body adaptation to the new metabolic requirements.
- Obesity is a very complex pathology in which numerous factors intervene, such as the presence of a chronic and low intensity inflammatory component, an altered energy metabolism and an oxidative imbalance. This complexity is part of the reason why the readjustments of weight and metabolism are very slow processes. On many occasions this leads to the use of complementary methods to achieve the desired weight reduction, such as bariatric surgery, pharmacological treatments and nutritional intervention with dietary or nutraceutical supplements.
- a first aspect of the invention provides a composition for use in the modulation of an individual's food intake by reducing appetite and / or increasing satiety through a modification of appetite-related peptide levels secreted by the digestive tract and adipose tissue of the individual, characterized in that said composition comprises an extract with at least 5% by weight of anthocyanins and an extract with at least 15% by weight of phenylpropanoids.
- a composition containing both extracts mentioned above is extremely effective in the modulation of food intake because it produces satiating and / or appetite-reducing effects, through its effect on the levels of peptides secreted by the digestive tract, which cause feelings of satiety and / or appetite.
- said composition it is possible to reduce the negative effects of weight control and maintenance strategies; for example, it is possible to reduce the appetite during a period of weight reduction and thus avoid or reduce the chances that the dieter begins to eat more food than recommended and regain weight.
- this composition is very useful in weight maintenance strategies, once the desired weight has been reached, this composition helps to maintain the feeling of fullness for longer, and therefore, it is possible to modulate the food intake at the desired level, for example, to maintain the weight (or reduce it further, if necessary).
- the extract with at least 5% by weight of anthocyanins contains about 10% anthocyanins.
- the extract with at least 15% by weight of phenylpropanoids contains about 30% of phenylpropanoids.
- the extract with anthocyanins comprises an extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdariffá).
- the extract with phenylpropanoids comprises an extract of lemon grass ⁇ Lippia citriodora).
- Rosella is a plant rich in anthocyanins and its extract combined with extract of lemon grass, which is a plant rich in phenylpropanoids produces a marked satiating effect and / or reduction of appetite.
- the composition may comprise a minimum of 50% by weight of the extract of lemon grass (Lippia citriodora) and a minimum of 25% by weight of the extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdariffá).
- the composition comprises about 65% by weight of the extract of lemongrass (Lippia citriodora) and about 35% by weight of the extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdariffá).
- composition has a greater effect on the activation of the metabolism of the fats mediated by a greater activation of AMPK compared to a composition where the extracts are mixed in equal parts.
- the composition can be administered in a dose of 250 to 1000 milligrams per day. Preferably the composition is administered in a dose of 500 mg per day.
- a second aspect of the invention provides a composition for use in reducing an individual's weight by a modification in lipid metabolism mediated by an activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase sensors (AMPK) of the individual which is translated in a reduction of the percentage of body fat, characterized in that said composition comprises an extract with at least 5% by weight of anthocyanins and an extract with at least 15% by weight of phenylpropanoids.
- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase sensors
- a composition containing both extracts mentioned above is enormously effective in reducing an individual's weight by a change or improvement in lipid metabolism through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) energy sensors.
- This composition is very useful in the treatment of obesity, being able to reduce the amount of adipose tissue of an individual and improve other parameters typically related to obesity or overweight.
- AMPK is a serine / threonine kinase that plays a very important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Its activation involves the activation of catabolic processes such as lipolysis and the oxidation of fatty acids and the inhibition of anabolic processes such as lipogenesis and glycogenesis.
- the extract with at least 5% by weight of anthocyanins contains about 10% anthocyanins.
- the extract with at least 15% by weight of phenylpropanoids contains about 30% of phenylpropanoids.
- the anthocyanin extract comprises an extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdar ⁇ ffá).
- the phenylpropanoid extract comprises an extract of lemon grass ⁇ Lippia citr ⁇ odora). It has been shown that Rosella anthocyanins are particularly effective in reducing inflammation linked to metabolic stress by the inhibition of leptin secretion and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which are important adipokines that regulate the migration of non-resident macrophages to adipose tissue and general systemic inflammation.
- MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- the polyphenolic extracts of Rosella also prevent hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemic mice by modulating the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
- Rosella anthocyanins Attenuate the increase in blood glucose and the apparent increase in insulin resistance, as well as increase the respiratory rate, which is intimately related to the basal metabolic rate (BMR ).
- BMR basal metabolic rate
- a reduction in the expression of lipogenic genes, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and the binding protein of the sterol regulatory element (Srebp-1 c) was observed simultaneously with an activation of hepatic AMPK. .
- the phenylpropanoids of the herb extract and its major component verbascoside improves the metabolic alterations induced by an elevated glucose level.
- These effects are mediated by a positive PPAR ⁇ -dependent transcriptional regulation of adiponectin and a potent activation of AMPK, a positive regulation of PPAR- ⁇ expressed by mRNA and a negative regulation of FASN.
- the experiments carried out in mice indicate an improvement in the metabolism of fats (cholesterol and triglycerides), especially in the elimination of triglycerides.
- the composition may comprise a minimum of 50% by weight of the extract of lemongrass (Lippia citriodora) and a minimum of 25% by weight of the extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdariffa).
- the composition comprises about 65% by weight of the extract of lemongrass (Lippia citriodora) and about 35% by weight of the extract of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdariffa). This percentage of both extracts produces that the composition has a greater effect on the activation of the metabolism of the fats mediated by a greater activation of AMPK compared to a composition where the extracts are mixed in equal parts.
- composition can be administered in a dose of 250 to 1000 milligrams per day.
- composition is administered in a dose of 500 mg per day.
- the administration of the composition of the present invention is selected from parenteral, transdermal, oral, topical, intracolonic or vaginal routes.
- the composition of the present invention is administered parenterally in combination with conventional injectable liquid carriers, such as water or suitable alcohols.
- conventional injectable liquid carriers such as water or suitable alcohols.
- Conventional pharmaceutical adjuvants for injection such as stabilizing agents, solubilizing agents and buffers may be included in such injectable compositions.
- the composition of the present invention is administered intramuscularly, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
- composition of the present invention is administered orally containing one or more physiologically compatible carriers or excipients, in solid or liquid form.
- physiologically compatible carriers or excipients may contain conventional components such as binding agents, fillers, lubricants and physiologically acceptable wetting agents.
- the compositions may take any suitable form, such as tablets, dragees, capsules, lozenges, oily or aqueous solutions, suspensions, emulsions or in dry powder form suitable for reconstitution with water or other suitable liquid medium before use, for the immediate or controlled release.
- liquid oral forms for administration may also contain certain additives such as sweeteners, flavors, preservatives and emulsifying agents.
- Non-aqueous liquid compositions for oral administration can also be formulated, containing for example edible oils. Such liquid compositions can be conveniently encapsulated in, for example, gelatin capsules in a unit dosage amount.
- the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is daily for humans and animals and may vary depending on the age, weight or degree of disease etc.
- the daily dosage for mammals, including humans, normally ranges from 250 milligram up to 1000 milligrams, preferably 500 mg of substance to be administered during one or several ingestions.
- a third aspect of the invention provides a method of producing a composition
- a composition comprising an extract with at least 5% by weight of anthocyanins and an extract with at least 15% by weight of phenylpropanoids characterized in that it comprises a hydroalcoholic extraction of lemon verbena ⁇ Lippia citr ⁇ odorá) and a hydroalcoholic extraction of rosella ⁇ Hibiscus sabdar ⁇ ffá).
- This method uses two natural sources rich in the active compounds of the composition. The hydroalcoholic extraction of these plants allows obtaining the required active content with a remarkable and economically viable yield.
- the hydroalcoholic extraction of lemon grass can be carried out using a solution of alcohol in water with an alcohol content of greater than 70% and up to 100% by volume of ethanol for two hours at a temperature between 40 and 80 ° C.
- the solution of ethanol in water contains about 70% by volume of alcohol.
- composition of the extraction agent and the extraction conditions maximize the obtaining of the phenylpropanoic compounds, in particular the verbascoside of the leaves of lemongrass under economically viable conditions without having to distill an excess of alcohol or water.
- FIGURES Figure 1 Graph showing the percentage of accumulation of triglycerides in hypertrophic insulin-resistant adipocytes.
- Figure 2 Graph showing the percentage of AMPK activation in hypertrophic insulin resistant adipocytes treated with different concentrations of rosella and lemon verbena extracts.
- Figure 3 Graph showing the percentage of AMPK activation in hypertrophic insulin-resistant adipocytes treated with different concentrations of mixed rosella and lemongrass extracts, in two different proportions.
- Figure 4 Graphs showing the levels of total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol and HDL (good) cholesterol in the blood of mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with the extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of lemongrass and rosella in a proportion of 65:35 by weight respectively, and of mice fed a high-fat untreated diet and of mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 5 Graph and table representing the ratio of food efficiency in mice fed a diet high in fat and treated with extracts of lemongrass and rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of lemongrass and rosella and of mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and of mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 6. Graph showing the blood glucose level of mice fed a diet high in fat and treated with the extracts of lemongrass and rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of lemongrass and rosella and mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 7 Graph showing the level of leptin in the blood of mice fed a diet high in fat and treated with extracts of lemongrass and rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella and mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 8 Graph showing the level of leptin in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with the extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella and of mice fed a high-fat untreated diet and mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 9 Graph showing the body fat weight of mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with the extracts of lemongrass and rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of lemongrass and rosella extracts and mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and mice fed a normal diet.
- Figures 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d Graphs representing metabolic markers of abdominal adipose tissue and the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with the extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella and mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and mice fed a normal diet.
- Figure 1 Graph representing the Western Blot analysis to determine the amount of protein in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with the extracts of Hierbaluisa and Rosella, separately, and with two different doses of a mixture of extracts from lemongrass and rosella and mice fed a diet high in untreated fat and mice fed a normal diet.
- FIG 12. Graphs representing the genes corresponding to the metabolic markers of human immortalized, undifferentiated (ND) and differentiated (MDI) adipocytes, cultured in vitro treated with different doses of herbal extracts (LV) and rosella (HS), separately, and with different doses of a mixture of lemongrass and rosella extracts.
- Figure 13. Graphs showing the decrease in lipid content of the hypertrophic adipocytes treated with the composition with extracts of rosella and hierbaluisa and the parallel increase in the activation of AMPK in said adipocytes.
- Figure 14. Scheme of the production method of a lemon verbena extract.
- EXAMPLE 1 Determination of the proportion of Hierbaluisa and Rosella extracts.
- 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in 96 well plates and complete culture medium (DMEM with low glucose at 1 g / L) and sodium pyruvate, enriched with glutamine and supplemented with 10% bovine serum and antibiotic (100 ⁇ g / mL of streptomycin and 100 U / mL of penicillin).
- the differentiation of adipocytes was induced by adding adipogenic agents (0.5 mM IBMX, 1 ⁇ DEX and 1 ⁇ insulin) to the culture medium for two days. The medium was changed to fresh medium every 48 hours.
- adipogenic agents 0.5 mM IBMX, 1 ⁇ DEX and 1 ⁇ insulin
- adipocytes The phenotypic change of adipocytes was observed under a microscope. In all the experiments, more than 90% of the cells were mature adipocytes after 8 -10 days of incubation. To induce cell hypertrophy, the adipocytes were exposed to a medium high in glucose (25 mM).
- the cell cultures were carried out under sterile conditions using a laminar air flow hood for cell cultures and an incubator at 37 ° C with a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 .
- the effect of the extracts and that of the composition with both extracts on the accumulation of triglycerides and the cytoplasmic activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was studied.
- the extracts were added after the adipocytes had differentiated until the plates were analyzed.
- the extracts were previously prepared with the culture medium and filtered with a 0.2 um filter to sterilize them.
- Hypertrophic adipocytes with 29 days of differentiation were exposed to extracts of rosella (-10% by weight anthocyanins) and extracts of lemongrass (-30% by weight phenylpropanoids) separately and to mixtures of 50:50 by weight and 35:65 by weight. weight.
- the extracts were added on day 24 after the differentiation of the adipocytes and were incubated at 50, 200 and 500 ⁇ g / mL for 5 days.
- the lipid content of the adipocytes was evaluated with the commercial reagent AdipoRed TM and using the multi-modal microplate reader with BioTek Cytation 3 cellular image capture with an excitation wavelength of 485 nm and of emission of 572 nm.
- the absence of cytotoxicity was evaluated by the crystal violet method. The results are shown in the Figure 1, using a graph showing the percentage of accumulation of triglycerides in hypertrophic insulin-resistant adipocytes.
- HS represents adipocytes treated with rosella extract with 10% anthocyanins
- LV represents adipocytes treated with extract of lemongrass with 30% phenylpropanoids
- HS-LV (1: 1) represents adipocytes treated with a mixture of extracts of lemongrass and rosella in one to one weight ratio
- HS-LV (35:65) represents the adipocytes treated with a mixture of the extracts of lemongrass and rosella in proportion 65 to 35 by weight, respectively.
- the values of p are: * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01 and *** p ⁇ 0.001.
- the levels of AMPK and phosphorylated (activated) AMPK were determined by a quantitative immunofluorescence experiment using AMPK and phosphorylated AMPK antibodies.
- the nuclei were labeled with Hoechst 33342 reagent. Once the cells were labeled, the AMPK fluorescence was quantified with an excitation wavelength of 490 nm and emission of 520 nm, that of AMPK phosphorylated with a length of excitation wave of 593 nm and of emission of 614 nm and that of the nuclei with an excitation wavelength of 350 nm and emission of 461 nm, using the multi-modal microplate reader.
- EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the reduction in fat, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and adipogenesis in obese mice treated with a composition containing extracts of lemongrass and rosella.
- HFD high-fat diet
- mice with a high-fat diet are hyperglycemic.
- Figure 6 * p ⁇ 0.05 with respect to the HFD-CTL control
- the mice that took the highest concentration of the composition with both extracts were the only ones with a significant reduction of blood glucose, near the levels of mice with normal diet.
- the levels of the hormone leptin in the mice were analyzed by taking a diet high in fat. Specifically, the levels of said hormones in blood were analyzed, as can be seen in Figure 7 ( * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01 with respect to the HFD-CTL).
- mice that took the composition with both extracts had significantly less amount of fat, in the case of the abdominal, epididymal, and intestine ( * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0, 01).
- metabolic markers were studied in the abdominal adipose tissue and the liver (due to in the case of overweight / obesity there is an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue in the liver, called "fatty liver") related to the regulation of accumulation or production of triglycerides and fatty acids.
- PPAR ⁇ is a nuclear membrane receptor that is found in adipocytes, as well as colon cells and macrophages. In the case of adipose tissue, its function is to activate lipogenesis and lipid uptake. SREBPI c regulates the homeostasis of lipids, and its activation induces the synthesis of cholesterol when it is low. C / ⁇ is a transcription factor that regulates both adipogenesis and normal function of adipocytes, and regulates the expression of PPARy. Finally, AMPK (AMP kinase) inhibits lipid uptake, cholesterol synthesis and lipogenesis, among other functions, although to perform its function the protein must be phosphorylated (p-AMPK).
- AMPK AMP kinase
- the transcriptional expression of AMPK was increased in the mice taking the composition with both extracts (in the liver, the mice taking rosella also appreciated an increase in their expression, but not in the adipose tissue).
- the active form of AMPK is when it is phosphorylated (p-AMPK).
- p-AMPK phosphorylated
- mice taking a high-fat diet for 8 weeks present an activation of genes involved in fat accumulation, lipogenesis, triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis, and adipogenesis, which leads to greater body fat content, comparing with control mice with a normal diet (C57bl / 6J Nr).
- a normal diet C57bl / 6J Nr.
- the expression of these genes is reverted towards concentrations similar to those observed in non-obese mice with normal diet.
- the activation of p-AMPK indicates that it increases the metabolism of fatty acids, decreasing their storage while increasing their degradation.
- mice were corroborated with in vitro studies using a human adipocyte cell line, where different concentrations of the various ingredients were tested and cultured for 10 days. The same genes as those studied in mice were analyzed for the metabolism of fatty acids. The results are shown in Figure 12. (ND: undifferentiated cell cultures, MDI: differentiated cell cultures, LV: lemon verbena, HB: rosella, MA: composition with both extracts, 125-1000: concentrations of the ingredients, expressed in Mg / ml).
- AMPK differentiated cell culture
- EXAMPLE 3 Reduction of appetite and / or increase of satiety by changes in peptides secreted by the digestive tract and adipose tissue induced by consumption of composition containing an extract of lemongrass with a content of 30% by weight of phenylpropanoids and a rosella extract with a content of 10% by weight of anthocyanins, in a proportion of 65 to 35 by weight.
- the members of the L1 group received a daily dose of 500 mg of a composition containing lemon verbena extract and rosella extract.
- the members of the L2 group received a daily dose of 500 mg of microcrystalline cellulose.
- the placebo capsules and the satiation effect composition had the same size, odor, color and weight.
- the volunteers took a capsule 20 or 30 minutes before breakfast each day for two months.
- the anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, after one month and after two months from the beginning of the study, which included body weight, height, measurement of the triceps, biceps and abdominal skinfolds and measurement of the perimeter of the arm and of the abdomen.
- the perimeter of the abdomen (AC) was measured at two different sites: anterior midway between the xiphoid bulge of the sternum and the umbilicus and laterally midway between the end of the rib cage and the iliac crests (AC1) and to the height of the navel (AC2).
- the percentage of body fat was obtained from the abdominal measurements using the Weltman equation.
- VAS test The validated visual analog scale
- the VAS test was used to record hunger, satiety, filling feeling, prospective food consumption, desire to eat something fatty, salty, sweet or not sweet and the appreciation of the taste of foods .
- the VAS test was completed at the beginning of the study at rest and after 15, 20, 45 and 60 days of study.
- the volunteers filled out an SF-36 questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the study.
- blood samples were obtained from the forearm vein after an overnight fast at the beginning, after 30 and after 60 days of study.
- Table 1 shows the anthropometric parameters at the beginning and during the study. No significant differences were observed at the beginning of the study between both groups. The results of table 1 indicate a statistically significant improvement of the anthropometric parameters after two months of study in the group (L1) that took the composition with extracts of lemongrass and rosella, especially the percentage of body fat, the skinfold of the body was improved. triceps, body weight and the perimeter of the hip (AC2). These differences can be observed more clearly in table 1 a.
- Table 1a Differences between the anthropometric parameters during the study with the initial values in mean values plus / minus standard deviations. The intra-group statistical analysis was determined in each period in comparison with the data at the beginning of the study. Significance was established at: * p ⁇ 0.05, ** p ⁇ 0.01, * ** p ⁇ 0.001, **** p ⁇ 0.0001.
- the consumption of the composition with the extracts of lemongrass and rosella decreases the sensation of hunger consistently throughout the two months of study.
- the average hunger score decreased from 5.92 on day 15 to 2.58 on day 60 in the L1 group, while in the L2 group it increased from 6.18 on day 15 to 6.41 on day 60 in the placebo group. A similar trend is observed in the scores of question 4.
- peptides analyzed are secreted after food intake. Ghrelin stimulates the appetite, while GLP-1 and PYY are secreted together to cause the sensation of satiety. Because the blood samples were taken fasting in the morning, the determined levels of these peptides in particular, correspond to basal levels. Initially, the basal levels of both groups coincide and there are no significant differences between the two. The other peptides show significant differences in the L1 group. In this context, incretin GLP-1 increased significantly in the L1 group while it decreased in the L2 group and ghrelin increased in the L2 group and remained constant in the L1 group. Therefore, the volunteers in the L1 group had less appetite and more satiety than the volunteers in the L2 group.
- leptin which is synthesized in adipose tissue and produces satiety, decreased significantly in the L1 group while no changes were seen in the L2 group.
- the resistin decreased significantly in the L1 group while no changes were observed in the L2 group.
- the elevated level of leptin in blood in the L2 group is explained by the resistance created in the receptors corresponding to causing satiety in response to the secretion of leptin, it is as if the corresponding receptors had become desensitized, while in the L1 group the level Normal leptin in blood indicates that the corresponding receptors continue with the same sensitivity or higher than the leptin level.
- the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in a medium low in glucose (1 g / L) DMEM supplemented with 10% bovine serum (CS), 100 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin and 100 U / mL penicillin and incubated at 37 ° C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 and 95% air in volume.
- Differentiation to adipocytes was induced by culture in a medium high in glucose (4.5g / L) DMEM supplemented with 10% in fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1 ⁇ of insulin, 1 ⁇ of dexamethasone (DEX) and 0.5mM of 3 Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) for 48 hours.
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- DEX dexamethasone
- IBMX Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
- the cells were maintained in a medium high in glucose with FBS and insulin, and the medium was changed every two days, with which hypertrophied adipocytes were obtained after 20 days of incubation.
- the cells were treated with extracts of lemongrass ( ⁇ 30% by weight of phenylrpopanoids) and rosella (-10% by weight of anthocyanins) with a weight ratio of 65 to 36, at various concentrations for 72 hours.
- the extracts were dissolved in a medium and filtered to be sterilized.
- the lipid content of the hypertrophic adipocytes was evaluated using the AdipoRed TM reagent. The supernatant was removed from the cells and these were carefully washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Next, AdipoRed TM was added and the cells were allowed to incubate for 15 at room temperature. Triglyceride accumulation was measured using a microplate reader at 485 nm excitation wavelength and at 572 nm emission.
- phosphorylated AMPK in Thr172 was quantified with an immunofluorescence assay.
- the cells were fixed with a fixation buffer, permeabilized with 0.3% Triton x-100 (Sigma-Aldrich, Spain) and blocked with 4% goat serum. Once this was done, the cells were incubated overnight at 4 ° C with AMPK mouse monoclonal alpha 1 + alpha 2 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and with rabbit phospho-AMPK alpha 1 (Thr172; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).
- the cells were washed with PBS and incubated for 6 hours at room temperature with each corresponding secondary polyclonal antibody, goat anti-rabbit IgG CF TM 594 and anti-mouse FITC (both from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Fluorescence of the cells was measured using a multi-plate microplate reader mode with capture of cellular images (Cytation 3, Biotek, Spain) at 593 nm excitation wavelength and 614 nm emission to measure AMPK levels. Activation of AMPK is expressed as the quotient of AMPK levels normalized by total AMPK. The results are shown in Figure 13 ( * p ⁇ 0.05, *** p ⁇ 0.001).
- the exclusion criteria were a total cholesterol level lower than 200 mg / dL, the presence of some pathology related to obesity, the use of medication for cholesterol or hypertension, the consumption of supplements or pharmaceutical antioxidants, alcohol addiction and pregnant or lactating women. Based on these criteria, 55 healthy women, aged between 36 to 69 years, with a body mass index of 25 to 34 kg / m 2 were selected , who passed a selection and telephone interview about their health as well as a biochemical and anthropometric evaluation. .
- 9 volunteers were withdrawn, 6 in the placebo group and 3 in the experimental group, and a total of 46 volunteers completed the study.
- the placebo group (mean age 51 years) received two placebo capsules with 400 mg of microcrystalline cellulose each and the experimental group (mean age 52) received two capsules each containing 250 mg of the composition with extracts of rosella and lemon verbena and 150 mg of excipients (microcrystalline cellulose). Therefore, the experimental group took 500 mg / day of the composition under study. Both types of capsules had the same size, smell, color and weight.
- the volunteers took two capsules every day 20 or 30 minutes before breakfast for two months.
- the anthropometric measurements were taken at the beginning of the study, after one month and after two months from the beginning of the study, which included body weight, height, measurement of the triceps, biceps and abdominal skinfolds and measurement of the perimeter of the arm and of the abdomen.
- the perimeter of the abdomen (AC) was measured at two different sites: anterior midway between the xiphoid bulge of the sternum and the umbilicus and laterally midway between the end of the rib cage and the iliac crests (AC1) and to the height of the navel (AC2).
- the percentage of body fat was obtained from the abdominal measurements using the Weltman equation.
- Fasting blood samples were taken to measure total glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile, which includes triglycerides, total cholesterol, good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein) or HDL and bad cholesterol (low lipoprotein). density) or LDL.
- the blood samples were analyzed to measure safety parameters such as hematology, electrolytes, creatinine, urea, uric acid, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and C-reactive protein.
- systolic and diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate were measured at the beginning, after one month and after two months of study.
- Triglycerides mg / dl 39.39
- the composition with extracts of lemongrass and rosella causes a potent increase in the pAMPK / AMPK ratio in a dose-dependent manner that is statistically significant in comparison with the increase observed in the experiment of control at a dose of 350 ⁇ g / mL, while at a dose of 500 ⁇ g / mL an increase of approximately 1.5 is observed.
- the anthropometric parameters of both groups do not show appreciable differences at the beginning of the study.
- the results of the study show a significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the placebo group, after two months of study, particularly in body weight, abdominal circumference and body fat percentage (see table 4).
- the experimental group showed a greater reduction in body weight than the placebo group that is statistically significant with p ⁇ 0.01.
- Both abdominal perimeters AC1 and AC2 were reduced after the two months of study, but only the highest abdominal perimeter showed statistically significant differences with the placebo group after one and two months of study. Consistent with these data, the percentage of body fat reduced in both groups, but in the experimental group it was significantly reduced more than in the placebo group after the two months of study, p ⁇ 0.01.
- Statistically significant differences were also observed in the triceps skinfold measurements (p ⁇ 0.05) and in the body mass index (p ⁇ 0.01).
- EXAMPLE 5 Method of production of a composition with lemongrass and rosella extracts according to an aspect of the invention.
- composition with herbal extracts and rosella is a mixture of two extracts with a very specific composition of active compounds, ie at least 10% by weight of anthocyanins in the rosella extract and at least 30% by weight of phenylpropanoids in the extract of lemongrass, which mixed in a weight ratio of 35 to 65, respectively, offer synergistic activity, especially for the control of satiety.
- the manufacturing process of the herbal extract comprises a hydroalcoholic extraction using concentrations of alcohol (ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol) greater than 70 and up to 100% by volume in water (Figure 14).
- alcohol ethanol, methanol, propanol, isopropanol or butanol
- the leaves of lemon grass ⁇ Lippia citriodorá) are analyzed to determine the amount of verbascoside using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
- Approximately 330 g of lemon verbena leaves are extracted in 4 liters of ethanol diluted in demineralised water (greater than 70% and up to 100% of ethanol by volume) keeping the liquid stirred in the container, recirculating the evaporated solvent or percolating it in the filter nutcha at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C for 2 hours. After two hours, the solution is filtered to separate the leaves and other particles.
- the filtered solution is distilled under vacuum at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C to obtain a concentrated aqueous solution containing 15 to 30% solids. This concentrated solution is spray-dried at a temperature of 70-90 ° C to obtain a dry powder extract containing not less than 30% by weight of phenylpropanoids in total.
- the yield is from 19 to 21% by weight
- the flowers of the plant are selected and analyzed to obtain the anthocyanin content by means of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detection with ultraviolet light.
- HPLC high pressure liquid chromatography
- 320 grams of flowers are taken and extracted with 3.2 liters of ethanol diluted in 50% by volume demineralized water, maintaining the agitation of the liquid in the reactor, and recirculating the solvent evaporated or percolating in filter nucha at a temperature between 40 and 60 ° C for 2 hours.
- the solution is filtered with a 0.5 micron pore filter to separate the flowers.
- the filtered solution is distilled under vacuum at a temperature between 50 and 70 ° C and the concentrate obtained is diluted to obtain 620 liters.
- the product is subjected to a purification step by chromatography on a polymeric adsorption / desorption resin suitable for polyphenols.
- the eluate constitutes the extract purified in liquid form.
- the purified liquid is concentrated to a content of 30 to 50% by weight solids.
- the concentrated solution is spray-dried at a temperature between 70 and 80 ° C to obtain a dry powder extract containing not less than 10% anthocyanins.
- the yield is from 5 to 7% by weight.
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2020537876A JP2020535222A (ja) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-09-13 | 満腹および/または食欲に関与するペプチドレベルの調節による体重管理のための組成物 |
CN201880062432.1A CN111148522A (zh) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-09-13 | 通过调节参与饱腹感和/或食欲的肽的水平来控制体重的组合物 |
EP18858431.2A EP3695848A4 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-09-13 | COMPOSITION TO REGULATE WEIGHT BY MODULATION OF THE LEVELS OF PEPTIDES INVOLVED IN SATIETY AND / OR APPETITE |
US16/649,876 US20200268823A1 (en) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-09-13 | Composition For Controlling Weight By Modulating Levels Of Peptides Involved In Fullness And/Or Appetite |
KR1020207011902A KR20200059268A (ko) | 2017-09-25 | 2018-09-13 | 포만감 및/또는 식욕에 관여하는 펩티드 수준의 조절을 통한 체중 조절용 조성물 |
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WO2013004856A1 (es) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-10 | Monteloeder, S.L. | Extractos de hibiscus sabdariffa, lippia citriodora y/o stevia rebaudiana para el tratamiento y/o prevención de esteatosis hepática y/o trastornos de la inflamación y metabolismo |
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WO2013004856A1 (es) * | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-10 | Monteloeder, S.L. | Extractos de hibiscus sabdariffa, lippia citriodora y/o stevia rebaudiana para el tratamiento y/o prevención de esteatosis hepática y/o trastornos de la inflamación y metabolismo |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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BOIX-CASTEJON M. ET AL.: "Hibiscus and lemon verbena polyphenols:Assessment for weight management in overweight volunteers. Appetite control and satiety", FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 108, no. 1, pages S96 - S96, XP085109536, ISSN: 0891-5849, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.311 * |
HERRANZ-LOPEZ M. ET AL.: "Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) polyphenols alleviate obesityrelateddisturbances in hypertrophic adipocytes through AMPK-dependent", PHYTOMEDICINE, vol. 22, no. 6, 2015, pages 605 - 614, XP029614892, ISSN: 0944-7113, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2015.03.015 * |
KIM, JIN-KYUNG ET AL.: "Hibiscus sabdariffa L. water extract inhibits the adipocyte differentiationthrough the P13-K and MAPK pathway", JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY, vol. 114, no. 2, 2007, pages 260 - 267, XP022296300, ISSN: 0378-8741, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.028 * |
See also references of EP3695848A4 * |
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EP3695848A4 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
ES2661579B2 (es) | 2018-10-25 |
KR20200059268A (ko) | 2020-05-28 |
JP2020535222A (ja) | 2020-12-03 |
CN111148522A (zh) | 2020-05-12 |
EP3695848A1 (en) | 2020-08-19 |
US20200268823A1 (en) | 2020-08-27 |
ES2661579A1 (es) | 2018-04-02 |
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