WO2019056443A1 - 用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法 - Google Patents

用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019056443A1
WO2019056443A1 PCT/CN2017/107081 CN2017107081W WO2019056443A1 WO 2019056443 A1 WO2019056443 A1 WO 2019056443A1 CN 2017107081 W CN2017107081 W CN 2017107081W WO 2019056443 A1 WO2019056443 A1 WO 2019056443A1
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Prior art keywords
light
reflected
filter
power
solid angle
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PCT/CN2017/107081
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English (en)
French (fr)
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高波
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安费诺(常州)连接系统有限公司
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Publication of WO2019056443A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019056443A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of filter dust collection, and particularly relates to a sensor and method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter.
  • Filters including filters, are one of the most effective ways to filter air, dust, impurities, etc. in water, and can be used in air purifiers, air filters, automotive air conditioners, fresh air systems, and water purifiers.
  • air purifiers air filters
  • automotive air conditioners fresh air systems
  • water purifiers water purifiers
  • the accumulation of dust particles for a long time will reduce the filtration efficiency of the filter.
  • the re-scattering of the dust collected by the filter and the dropping of the material of the filter material may cause secondary pollution of the filter equipment and the environment, thus solving the filter.
  • the real-time monitoring of dust accumulation is of great significance to the normal operation and environmental protection of the above-mentioned equipment, and is an urgent problem to be solved.
  • China's prior patent provides a method for detecting filter dust, periodically sending reflected light or direct light or sound wave to the filter, and detecting the net reflection The intensity value of the reflected light or sound wave is returned, and then it is judged whether the intensity value exceeds a preset value, thereby judging whether the filter blockage occurs.
  • the spectral reflectance characteristics of the filter surface are different, and the reflected light of different directions and intensities may be generated, relying only on the light of the filter surface. A strong change to determine if the filter is clogged has a large error.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a sensor and a method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, and to solve the problem of judging whether the filter is blocked by the change of light intensity in the existing method for detecting dust accumulation in the filter.
  • the problem of error is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a sensor and a method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, and to solve the problem of judging whether the filter is blocked by the change of light intensity in the existing method for detecting dust accumulation in the filter. The problem of error.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, comprising the steps of:
  • the corresponding spectral reflectance is calculated by using the compensated reflected light power and the power of the incident light, thereby determining the degree of dust accumulation on the surface of the filter.
  • the invention irradiates the surface of the filter with light of different powers twice before and after, and uses the spectral reflectance of the same position of the two adjacent irradiated filters to change, and calibrates the error of the reflected solid angle to obtain the reflected solid angle compensation value. Furthermore, the reflected light power is compensated according to the reflected solid angle compensation value, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating the spectral reflectance of the filter surface, so that the result of detecting the dust accumulation is more accurate, and the filter dust is characterized by the light intensity alone.
  • the limitation of the state, the detection method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, and can effectively solve the problem of real-time monitoring of the dust accumulation degree of the filter.
  • a further improvement of the method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention is that the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated by using the difference of the spectral reflectances of the light of the two different incident light powers on the filter surface, including:
  • the power of the other incident light is different, and the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated by the spectral reflectance of the other incident light being equal to the spectral reflectance of the incident light; or
  • a further improvement of the method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter of the present invention is that the reflected reflected light power is compensated by the reflected solid angle compensation value, including:
  • Compensating the reflected optical power by summing the reflected optical power deviation value and the reflected optical power.
  • a further improvement of the method of the present invention for detecting dust accumulation in a filter is that providing incident light and illuminating the surface of the filter includes:
  • a collimating lens is disposed, and the collimating lens is disposed in front of the light source such that incident light generated by the light source passes through the collimating lens to form uniform parallel light to illuminate the filter surface.
  • a further improvement of the method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter of the present invention is that, when receiving the reflected light reflected by the surface of the filter, the method comprises:
  • a focusing lens is provided, and the focusing lens is disposed in front of the light receiving detector such that reflected light reflected by the filter surface is collected on the light receiving detector through the focusing lens.
  • the invention also provides a sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, comprising:
  • a light emitting unit for generating incident light and illuminating the surface of the filter
  • a light receiving unit configured to receive the reflected light reflected by the surface of the filter and form a light receiving signal
  • a calibration unit connected to the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit, configured to calculate a reflected solid angle compensation value according to equal spectral reflectances of light rays of different incident light powers on the filter surface;
  • a processing unit connected to the light emitting unit, the light receiving unit, and the calibration unit, wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate a corresponding reflected light power according to a light receiving signal formed by the light receiving unit, and pass the The reflected solid angle compensation value obtained by the calibration unit compensates the reflected optical power to obtain the compensated reflected optical power, and further utilizes the compensated reflected optical power and the generated by the light emitting unit
  • the power of the incident light is calculated to obtain a corresponding spectral reflectance, and the degree of dust accumulation on the surface of the filter is determined.
  • a further improvement of the sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention is that the processing unit includes a compensation calculation module, and the compensation calculation module is connected to the calibration unit and the light receiving unit;
  • a further improvement of the sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention is that the light emitting unit comprises a light source and a collimating lens disposed in front of the light source;
  • the light source is configured to generate incident light of a set transmission power and illuminate the surface of the filter
  • the collimating lens is configured to form incident parallel rays generated by the light source into uniform parallel rays and illuminate the filter surface.
  • a further improvement of the sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention is that the light receiving unit comprises a light receiving detector and a focusing lens disposed in front of the light receiving detector;
  • the light receiving detector is configured to receive reflected light reflected by the surface of the filter
  • the focusing lens is configured to concentrate reflected light reflected by the filter surface on the light receiving detector.
  • a further improvement of the sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention is that the light emitting unit further includes a first matting structure disposed on the back of the collimating lens and sleeved on the light source, the first A light exiting opening is formed on one side of the light-receiving structure corresponding to the collimating lens, such that light generated by the light source is emitted from the light exiting opening;
  • the light receiving unit further includes a second matting structure disposed on the back of the focusing lens and sleeved on the light receiving detector, and the second mating structure is formed with light entering a side of the focusing lens a port such that light collected by the focusing lens is incident from the light entrance port.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded view showing the structure of a sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevational view showing the exploded structure of the sensor for detecting dust accumulation in the filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an upper casing of a sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the operation of a sensor for detecting dust accumulation in a filter of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a sensor and method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter.
  • the degree of dust accumulation of the filter is judged to determine whether the filter is clogged.
  • the spectral reflectance is used to judge the degree of dust accumulation of the filter relative to the use of reflection.
  • the change in the intensity value of the light to determine the degree of dust accumulation of the filter is more accurate.
  • the sensor and the detection method of the invention can solve the limitation of characterizing the filter state only by the light intensity, and can continuously output the state information of the dust on the surface of the filter, and the implementation method is simple and feasible, and can effectively solve the dust accumulation on the filter.
  • the degree of real-time monitoring of the problem The sensor and method for detecting dust accumulation in the filter of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the present invention provides a sensor 20 for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, which sensor 20 can be integrated into the filter 10, so that the filter 10 has a function of detecting the degree of dust accumulation thereof.
  • the sensor 20 can also be a stand-alone device for dust detection of various filters 10.
  • the sensor 20 includes a light emitting unit 21, a light receiving unit 22, a calibration unit 23, and a processing unit 24, which is connected to the light emitting unit 21 and the light receiving unit 22, the processing unit 24 and the light emitting unit 21, the light receiving unit 22, and the calibration The unit 23 is connected.
  • the above connection may be an electrical connection or a communication connection, so that the processing unit 24 can receive the signals generated by the light emitting unit 21 and the light receiving unit 22, and can also receive the information generated by the calibration unit 24, and the calibration unit 24 The signals generated by the light emitting unit 21 and the light receiving unit 22 can be received.
  • the light emitting unit 21 is for generating incident light rays to illuminate the filter surface 101.
  • the light emitting unit 21 can generate one or more incident light rays, and the generated incident light power can be adjusted as needed.
  • the light emitting unit 21 includes a light source 211 and a collimating lens 212 disposed in front of the light source 211.
  • the light source 211 is configured to emit light of a certain power. In a preferred embodiment, the light source 211 is used. Infrared emission tube that produces infrared incident light of different powers.
  • the light source 211 can also use a laser tube to generate incident laser light of different power.
  • the light source 211 employs two different types of light sources, including an infrared emitter tube and a laser tube, through which different types of light can be generated to illuminate the filter surface 101.
  • the collimating lens 212 is disposed in front of the light source 211 for forming incident light rays generated by the light source 211 into uniform parallel rays and illuminating the filter surface 101.
  • the uniformity of the incident light to the filter surface 101 is controlled by the collimating lens 212, and the influence of different optical power variations caused by different emission angles is eliminated, and the uneven light generated by the light source is collimated to uniformly illuminate the light.
  • the filter surface 101 is measured, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the filter.
  • the collimating lens 212 employs a highly polished surface, which improves the transmittance of incident light generated by the light source 211, and makes it difficult for dust to accumulate on its surface.
  • the surface of the collimator lens 212 is higher than the surface of the housing 25 of the sensor 20, and when placed in the air passage, if the surface of the collimating lens 212 is dusty, it is more easily blown away.
  • the light receiving unit 22 is configured to receive the reflected light reflected by the filter surface 101 and form a light receiving signal, and the light receiving unit 22 receives the optical power information reflected by the filter surface 101 and converts it into an electrical signal.
  • the light receiving unit 22 includes a light receiving detector 221 and a focusing lens 222 disposed in front of the light receiving detector 221, the light receiving detector 221 is configured to receive the reflected light reflected by the filter surface 101, and the focusing lens 222 is used to filter the filter.
  • the reflected light reflected by the surface 101 is focused on the light receiving detector 221.
  • the light receiving detector 221 receives the optical power reflected by the filter surface 101 and converts it into a detectable electrical signal, and selects the spectrum of the light receiving detector 221 to a wide range of wavelengths to improve the spectral light in a wide range.
  • the power intensity thereby increasing the resolution of the spectrum of the filter surface 101.
  • the focusing lens 222 is configured to condense the reflected light generated by the filter surface 101 and collect it on the light receiving detector 221, and the surface of the focusing lens 222 adopts a high polishing surface so that dust does not easily accumulate on the surface thereof, and the focusing lens 222
  • the surface is raised above the surface of the housing 25 of the sensor 20, and when placed in the air passage, if the surface of the focus lens 222 is dusty, it is more likely to be blown away.
  • the calibration unit 23 is configured to calculate a reflected solid angle compensation value, which is related to the reflected light power.
  • the accuracy of the reflected solid angle is related to the accuracy of the reflected light power, and thus can affect the accuracy of the detection result of the dust accumulation degree.
  • the calibration unit 23 is configured to calculate a reflected solid angle compensation value according to the spectral reflectances of the light rays of different incident light powers at the filter surface 101, and provide the reflected solid angle compensation value to the processing unit 24, so that The processing unit 24 is capable of compensating for the reflected optical power based on the reflected solid angle compensation value.
  • the two different power incident rays required by the calibration unit 23 are emitted by the light source 211 of the light emitting unit 21, and the two different power incident rays may be different types of light or the same type of light.
  • Equation 1 ⁇ is the spectral reflectance, Q is the received reflected light power, l is the power of the incident ray, and ⁇ i is the solid angle of the incident ray.
  • ⁇ r is the solid angle of the reflected ray, The azimuth of the reflected light.
  • the power is generated by the light emitting unit 21
  • the incident light illuminates the filter surface 101, and the reflected light power corresponding to the reflected light received by the light receiving unit 22 can be expressed.
  • the power is generated by the light emitting unit 21
  • the incident light illuminates the filter surface 101, and the reflected light power corresponding to the reflected light received by the light receiving unit 22 can be expressed.
  • the processing unit 24 is configured to calculate a corresponding reflected optical power Q according to the light receiving signal formed by the light receiving unit 22, and compensate the reflected optical power by the reflected solid angle compensation value obtained by the calibration unit 23 to obtain the compensated reflected light.
  • the power uses the compensated reflected light power and the power of the incident light generated by the light emitting unit 21 to calculate a corresponding spectral reflectance, and determines the degree of dust accumulation on the surface of the filter.
  • the solid angle ⁇ r of the reflected light can be calculated as follows:
  • the spectral reflectance of the standard Lambertian surface is known, and there is only diffuse reflection on the standard Lambertian surface.
  • the incident power to the standard Lambertian surface is Light
  • the received reflected light power is Spectral reflectance
  • the incident power to the standard Lambertian surface is Light
  • the received reflected light power is Spectral reflectance
  • the reflected light power of the filter surface 101 is calculated using the standard value ⁇ r of the reflected solid angle, since the surface to be measured is not the standard Lambert surface, the measured surface has two-way reflection, including diffuse reflection and non-diffuse reflection, wherein The non-diffuse reflection includes specular reflection. If the standard value of the reflected solid angle is used to calculate the emitted light power of the filter surface 101, the optical power of the non-diffuse reflection is not within the solid angle ⁇ r and is not received by the light.
  • the unit 21 receives, so that an error is generated when judging the degree of dust accumulation, and the optical power of the non-diffuse reflection that is not received is compensated to the reflected light power, and the processing unit 24 calculates the reflected solid angle compensation value ⁇ rx .
  • the optical power that is not diffusely reflected is added to the reflected light power.
  • the processing unit 24 includes a compensation calculation module, and the compensation calculation module is connected to the calibration unit 23 and the light receiving unit 22.
  • the compensation calculation module stores a reflected solid angle standard value ⁇ r , and the compensation calculation is performed.
  • the module is configured to calculate a corresponding non-diffuse reflected light power deviation value by the difference between the reflected solid angle compensation value ⁇ rx and the transmitted solid angle standard value ⁇ r and feed back to the processing unit 24 .
  • the expression of the reflected light power deviation value of the non-diffuse reflection is:
  • the processing unit 24 sums the non-diffuse reflected optical power deviation value Q x and the calculated reflected optical power Q to obtain the compensated reflected optical power, thereby correcting the deviation of the reflected optical power, and then using the compensated reflected
  • the optical power and the power of the incident light are used to determine the spectral reflectance, and the degree of dust on the surface of the filter is determined based on the spectral reflectance.
  • a comparison relationship table of spectral reflectance and dust accumulation degree is stored in the processing unit 24, and the comparison relationship table is searched based on the calculated spectral reflectance to obtain a corresponding dust accumulation degree.
  • the information on the dust accumulated in the filter obtained by the processing unit is expressed in the form of the percentage of accumulated dust, and the information of 0-100% can be continuously outputted to indicate the dusty state of the surface of the filter.
  • the processed data can also be output to the user as a voltage, current signal, or PWM waveform signal, or a digital signal.
  • the operation of the calibration unit 23 can be calibrated during the initial operation of the sensor 20 to provide a reflection solid angle compensation value for the processing unit, or can be triggered according to a control command formed by a user trigger, and can also be used in each processing unit. Calibration is provided for the determination of the degree of dust accumulation.
  • the senor 20 can monitor the dust accumulation degree of the filter surface 101 in real time, that is, the incident light is emitted to the filter surface 101 in real time by the light emitting unit 21, and the light receiving unit 22 receives the reflected reflected light. And converted into an electrical signal, the processing unit 24 calculates the spectral reflectance in real time, and then determines the degree of dust on the surface of the filter.
  • the light emitting unit 21 further includes a first extinction structure disposed on the back of the collimating lens 212 and sleeved on the light source 211.
  • the first matting structure 213 is a columnar structure, and the two ends are open structures.
  • the first matting structure 213 is formed with a light exiting port on one side of the collimating lens 212, so that the light generated by the light source 211 is emitted from the light exiting port. After the collimation of the collimating lens 212, uniform illumination is applied to the filter surface 101.
  • the light receiving unit 22 further includes a second matting structure 223 disposed on the back of the focusing lens 222 and sleeved on the light receiving detector 221, and a surface of the second matting structure 223 corresponding to the focusing lens 222 is formed with an optical entrance. The light collected by the focusing lens 222 is incident from the light entrance port to the light receiving detector 221.
  • the second extinction structure 223 is disposed to prevent ambient light from converge to the light receiving detector 221 at a certain angle to form an interference stray light noise signal, and the second extinction structure 223 ensures that only the reflected light reflected from the filter surface 101 is received, thereby The signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected light power on the filter surface is increased.
  • the senor 20 includes a housing 25 including an upper housing 251 and a lower housing 252, an upper housing 251 and a lower housing.
  • the body 252 is connected to each other such that an accommodating space is formed in the housing 25, and the light emitting unit 21, the light receiving unit 22, the calibration unit 23, and the processing unit 24 of the sensor 20 are disposed in the accommodating space of the housing 25.
  • the upper housing 251 is provided with a first mounting hole 2511 and a second mounting hole 2512 for the entrance of incident light and the entrance of reflected light.
  • the housing 25 is further provided with a circuit board 26, and the circuit board 26 is fixedly connected.
  • the first matting structure 213 and the second extinction structure 223 are formed on the inner side surface of the upper casing 251 and are disposed corresponding to the first mounting hole 2511 and the second mounting hole 2512, and the opening of the first matting structure 213
  • the collimating lens 212 at the front end of the first matting structure 213 is disposed at the first mounting hole 2511, and the collimating lens 212 partially protrudes from the first mounting hole 2511, As shown in FIG.
  • the outer surface of the collimating lens 212 is protruded from the outer surface of the upper casing 251, and the opening of the second matting structure 223 is disposed corresponding to the second mounting hole 2512 so as to be at the front end of the second matting structure 223.
  • the focusing lens 222 is disposed at the second mounting hole 2512, and the focusing lens 222 partially protrudes from the second mounting hole 2512.
  • a calibration unit 23 and a processing unit 24 are mounted on the circuit board 26.
  • the sensor 20 further includes a light control unit that is controlledly connected to the light emitting unit 21. 27, the light control unit 27 is connected to the processing unit 24, and the processing unit 24 sends a control command to the light control unit 27, so that the light control unit 27 controls the light emitting unit 21 to generate incident light of a specified power, and the light control unit 27 is used to control the light.
  • the operation of the transmitting unit 21, and the power of the emitted light is kept constant at the other light emitting unit 21, thereby obtaining an accurate spectral reflectance.
  • the light control unit 27 can control the light emitting unit 21 to generate light of two different optical powers, respectively, to the filter surface, and also to emit two optical power signals to the filter surface in a time-division manner by controlling two different types of light sources.
  • a signal conditioning unit 28 is disposed between the light receiving unit 22 and the processing unit 24 and the calibration unit 23, and the signal conditioning unit 28 is connected to the light receiving unit 22 for performing electrical signals formed by the light receiving unit 22. Conditioning, and transmitting the conditioned signal to the processing unit 24 and the calibration unit 23.
  • the signal conditioning unit 28 includes a preamplification feedback module 281 and a filter processing module 282.
  • the preamplifier feedback module 281 is coupled to the light receiving unit 22 due to light reception.
  • the unit 22 directly converts the optical power signal to obtain an electrical signal that is extremely weak and susceptible to noise.
  • the preamplifier feedback module 281 processes and amplifies the obtained electrical signal related to the degree of dust accumulation of the filter, and the light receiving unit 22 After the electrical signal is sent to the preamplifier module for amplification, the signal is fed back to the input end of the amplifier.
  • the sensor circuit adopts a high-precision signal extraction and processing method of the feedback circuit to reduce the influence of the dark current of the detector.
  • the detector has high resolution and large measurement range for the input optical power, so that the detector detects two kinds of Optical power signal is not amplified to saturation, increase the resolution of the overall detector system, a more accurate degree different dust filter surface electric signal.
  • the filter processing module 282 uses a combination of a first-order low-pass filter and a first-order high-pass filter to enable signals of a specific frequency range to pass and transmit to the back-end processor.
  • the specific frequency range is consistent with the frequency signal modulated by the reflected optical power of the filter surface, and can isolate the usual power supply noise frequency, or the high power appliance capacity interferes with the signal frequency, improving the ability to resist electromagnetic interference.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting dust accumulation in a filter, comprising the steps of:
  • the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated by using the difference of the spectral reflectances of the two different incident light powers on the filter surface, and the reflected reflected light power is compensated by the reflected solid angle compensation value, thereby obtaining the compensated reflection.
  • the corresponding spectral inverse is calculated.
  • the rate of incidence determines the degree of dust on the surface of the filter.
  • the spectral reflectance changes with the change of the dust state of the surface area, and the trend of change is monotonous, so that the comparison table between the spectral reflectance and the degree of dust accumulation can be obtained.
  • the spectral reflectance is used to find a comparison table to obtain the corresponding degree of dust accumulation.
  • the obtained information on the degree of dust accumulation of the filter is expressed in the form of the percentage of dust accumulated, and the information of 0-100% of continuous output can be expressed to indicate the dusty state of the surface of the filter.
  • the processed data can also be output to the user as a voltage, current signal, or PWM waveform signal, or a digital signal.
  • the invention irradiates the surface of the filter with light of different powers twice before and after, and uses the spectral reflectance of the same position of the two adjacent irradiated filters to change, and calibrates the error of the reflected solid angle to obtain the reflected solid angle compensation value. Furthermore, the reflected light power is compensated according to the reflected solid angle compensation value, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating the spectral reflectance of the filter surface, so that the result of detecting the dust accumulation is more accurate, and the filter dust is characterized by the light intensity alone.
  • the limitation of the state, the detection method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, and can effectively solve the problem of real-time monitoring of the dust accumulation degree of the filter.
  • the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated by using the difference of the spectral reflectances of the light of different incident light powers on the filter surface, including:
  • the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated by calculating the spectral reflectance of an incident ray equal to the spectral reflectance of the incident ray; or
  • the first light is irradiated to the surface of the filter with the first emitted light power, and the reflected light reflected by the surface of the filter is received to obtain a corresponding first reflected light power;
  • the second light is irradiated to the surface of the filter with the second emitted light power, and received
  • the reflected light reflected from the surface of the filter obtains a corresponding power of the second reflected light; and the spectral reflectance of the first light and the second light are equal, and the reflected solid angle compensation value is calculated.
  • the incident light of two different powers can be the same type of light, or different types of light can be used.
  • the solid angle of the reflection is related to the power of the reflected light.
  • the accuracy of the reflected solid angle is related to the accuracy of the reflected light power, and thus can affect the accuracy of the detection result of the dust accumulation degree.
  • the calculation of the reflection solid angle compensation value can be realized by the calibration unit 23 of the sensor 20 described above.
  • the process of calculating the reflection solid angle compensation value in the detection method of the present invention is the same as the calculation process of the calibration unit 23, and the process of the calibration unit 23 can be referred to. Description, no longer repeat here.
  • the obtained reflected light power is compensated by the reflected solid angle compensation value, including:
  • the reflected optical power deviation value is summed with the reflected optical power to compensate for the reflected optical power.
  • the reflected light power deviation value generated by the non-diffuse reflection can be realized by the compensation calculation module in the processing unit 24, and the calculation process is the same as the calculation process of the compensation calculation module, and can be referred to the description of the compensation calculation module described above, and no longer Narration.
  • providing incident light and illuminating the surface of the filter includes:
  • a light source 211 is provided, and the incident light that sets the power of the emitted light is generated by the light source 211 and is irradiated to the filter surface 101;
  • a collimating lens 212 is provided, and the collimating lens 212 is disposed in front of the light source, so that the incident light generated by the light source 211 passes through the collimating lens to form uniform parallel light to illuminate the filter surface.
  • the light source 211 is used to emit light of a certain power.
  • the light source 211 uses an infrared transmitting tube to generate infrared incident light of different powers.
  • the light source 211 can also use a laser tube to generate incident laser light of different power.
  • the light source 211 employs two different types of light sources, including an infrared emitter tube and a laser tube, through which different types of light can be generated to illuminate the filter surface 101.
  • the uniformity of the incident light to the filter surface 101 is controlled by the collimating lens 212, and the influence of different optical power changes caused by different emission angles is eliminated, and the uneven light generated by the light source is collimated, and the light is uniformly irradiated to the The filter surface 101 is measured, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the filter.
  • the collimating lens 212 employs a highly polished surface, which improves the transmittance of incident light generated by the light source 211, and makes it difficult for dust to accumulate on its surface.
  • the surface of the collimator lens 212 is higher than the surface of the housing 25 of the sensor 20, and when placed in the air passage, if the surface of the collimating lens 212 is dusty, it is more easily blown away.
  • the method when the reflected light reflected by the surface of the filter is received, the method includes:
  • a focusing lens 222 is provided, and the focusing lens 222 is disposed in front of the light receiving detector 221 such that the reflected light reflected by the filter surface 101 is concentrated by the focusing lens 222 at the light receiving detector. 221.
  • the light receiving detector 221 receives the optical power reflected by the filter surface 101 and converts it into a detectable electrical signal, and selects the spectrum of the light receiving detector 221 to a wide range of wavelengths to improve the spectral light in a wide range.
  • the power intensity thereby increasing the resolution of the spectrum of the filter surface 101.
  • the focusing lens 222 is configured to condense the reflected light generated by the filter surface 101 and collect it on the light receiving detector 221, and the surface of the focusing lens 222 adopts a high polishing surface so that dust does not easily accumulate on the surface thereof, and the focusing lens 222
  • the surface is raised above the surface of the housing 25 of the sensor 20, and when placed in the air passage, if the surface of the focus lens 222 is dusty, it is more likely to be blown away.
  • the party further includes:
  • the first matting structure 213 is provided on the back of the collimating lens 212 and is disposed on the light source 211.
  • the first matting structure 213 is a columnar structure, and both ends are open structures, and the first extinction structure is provided.
  • a light exit is formed on one surface of the corresponding collimating lens 212 on the 213 such that the light generated by the light source 211 is emitted from the light exit port, and is uniformly irradiated to the filter surface 101 by the collimation of the collimating lens 212.
  • the light generated by the light source 211 is prevented from being directly transmitted to the filter surface, the influence of the reflected light on the filter surface is eliminated, the accuracy of the spectral reflectance is ensured, and the surface light of the filter is improved. Signal to noise ratio for power detection.
  • the second matting structure 223 is provided, and the second matting structure 223 is disposed on the back of the focusing lens 222 and is disposed on the light receiving detector 221.
  • the second matting structure 223 is formed with an optical entrance on one side of the focusing lens 222.
  • the light collected by the focus lens 222 is incident on the light receiving detector 221 from the light entrance port.
  • the second extinction structure 223 is disposed to prevent ambient light from converge to the light receiving detector 221 at a certain angle to form an interference stray light noise signal, and the second extinction structure 223 ensures that only the reflected light reflected from the filter surface 101 is received, thereby The signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected light power on the filter surface is increased.

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Abstract

一种用于检测过滤器（10）积尘的传感器（20）及方法，方法包括如下步骤：提供入射光线并向过滤器表面（101）照射；接收过滤器表面（101）反射的反射光并得到反射光功率；利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在过滤器表面（101）的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，并通过反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，从而得到补偿后反射光功率；以及利用补偿后的反射光功率和入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，进而判断得出过滤器表面（101）的积尘程度。通过相邻两次不同功率的入射光线得到反射立体角补偿值，进而对反射光功率进行补偿，提高了计算的光谱反射率的准确度，使得检测积尘的结果更加准确。

Description

用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及过滤器积尘检测领域，特指一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法。
背景技术
过滤器包括过滤网是过滤空气、水体中粉尘、杂质等颗粒物最有效的方式之一，可用于空气净化机、空气过滤器、汽车空调、新风系统和净水器等相关设备中。但长时间粉尘颗粒物堆积会降低过滤器的过滤效率，此外，被过滤器捕集粉尘的再飞散和滤材本身物质的脱落，会引起过滤器使用设备和环境的二次污染，因此解决过滤器积尘的实时监测对上述设备的正常运用及环境保护具有十分重要的意义，是迫切需要解决的问题。
在GB/T14295空气过滤器，EN1822高效空气过滤器，EN779一般通风空气过滤器-过滤性能的测定中规定了过滤器分级体系，过滤器的性能试验方法等内容。但是该内容主要是针对实验室内测定过滤器的一种方法，而且规定了检测的限定条件，很难用于实际的设备当中。
中国在先专利(申请号为：201210411211.5，发明名称为：滤网灰尘的检测方法)提供了一种滤网灰尘的检测方法，定时向滤网发送反射光或直射光或声波，并检测漏网反射回的反射光或声波的强度值，然后判断该强度值是否超过一预设值，从而判断滤网是否发生阻塞。但是由于不同类型的灰尘堆积到过滤器表面或灰尘在表面的堆积方式不同，会导致过滤器表面的光谱反射率特征不同，可能产生不同方向和强度的反射光，仅仅依靠测量过滤器表面的光强的变化来判断过滤器是否堵塞存在较大误差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法，解决现有的过滤器积尘检测方法中通过光强变化判断过滤器是否堵塞存在较大误差的问题。
实现上述目的的技术方案是：
本发明提供了一种用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，包括如下步骤：
提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射；
接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到反射光功率；
利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，并通过所述反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，从而得到补偿后反射光功率；以及
利用所述的补偿后的反射光功率和所述入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，进而判断得出所述过滤器表面的积尘程度。
本发明通过前后两次对过滤器表面照射不同功率的光线，利用相邻两次照射到被测过滤器相同位置的光谱反射率不变化，校准反射立体角的误差从而得到反射立体角补偿值，进而根据反射立体角补偿值对反射光功率进行补偿，从而提高了计算过滤器表面的光谱反射率的准确度，使得检测积尘的结果更加准确，解决了仅靠光强来表征过滤器积尘状态的局限性，本发明提供的检测方法简单可行，能有效解决对过滤器积尘程度实时监控的问题。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的方法的进一步改进在于，利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，包括：
提供另一入射光线并向所述过滤器表面照射，接收所述另一入射光线经所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到对应的另一反射光功率，所述另一入射光线的功率与所述入射光线的功率不同，进而通过所述另一入射光线的光谱反射率与所述入射光线的光谱反射率相等而计算得出所述反射立体角补偿值；或者
以第一发射光功率向过滤器表面照射第一光线，并接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第一反射光功率；以第二发射光功率向所述过滤器表面照射第二光线，并接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第二反射光功率；通过所述第一光线和所述第二光线的光谱反射率相等，进而计算得到所述反射立体角补偿值。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的方法的进一步改进在于，通过所述反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，包括：
利用所述反射立体角补偿值和反射立体角标准值的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射产生的反射光功率偏差值；
将所述反射光功率偏差值与所述反射光功率求和从而实现了对所述反射光功率进行补偿。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的方法的进一步改进在于，提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射包括：
提供光源，利用所述光源产生设定发射光功率的入射光线并向所述过滤器表面照射；
提供准直透镜，将所述准直透镜设于所述光源的前方，使得所述光源产生的入射光线经过所述准直透镜后形成均匀的平行光线照射于所述过滤器表面。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的方法的进一步改进在于，接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光时，包括：
提供光接收探测器，利用所述光接收探测器接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光；
提供聚焦透镜，将所述聚焦透镜设于所述光接收探测器的前方，使得所述过滤器表面反射的反射光经过所述聚焦透镜聚集在所述光接收探测器上。
本发明还提供了一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，包括：
光发射单元，用于产生入射光线并向过滤器表面照射；
光接收单元，用于接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并形成光接收信号；
与所述光发射单元和所述光接收单元连接的校准单元，用于根据不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值；以及
与所述光发射单元、所述光接收单元以及所述校准单元连接的处理单元，所述处理单元用于根据所述光接收单元形成的光接收信号计算得到对应的反射光功率，并通过所述校准单元得出的所述反射立体角补偿值对所述反射光功率进行补偿从而得到补偿后的反射光功率，进而利用所述的补偿后的反射光功率和所述光发射单元产生的所述入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，并判断得出所述过滤器表面的积尘程度。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的进一步改进在于，所述处理单元包括补偿计算模块，所述补偿计算模块与所述校准单元和所述光接收单元连接；
所述补偿计算模块内存储有反射立体角标准值，用于通过所述校准单元得出的所述反射立体角补偿值和所述反射立体角标准值的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射的反射光功率偏差值并反馈给所述处理单元。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的进一步改进在于，所述光发射单元包括光源和设于所述光源前方的准直透镜；
所述光源用于产生设定发射功率的入射光线并向所述过滤器表面照射；
所述准直透镜用于将所述光源产生的入射光线形成均匀的平行光线并照射于所述过滤器表面。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的进一步改进在于，所述光接收单元包括光接收探测器和设于所述光接收探测器前方的聚焦透镜；
所述光接收探测器用于接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光；
所述聚焦透镜用于将所述过滤器表面反射的反射光聚集在所述光接收探测器上。
本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的进一步改进在于，所述光发射单元还包括设于所述准直透镜的背部并套设于所述光源上的第一消光结构，所述第一消光结构上对应所述准直透镜的一面形成有出光口，使得所述光源产生的光线从所述出光口射出；
所述光接收单元还包括设于所述聚焦透镜的背部并套设于所述光接收探测器上的第二消光结构，所述第二消光结构上对应所述聚焦透镜的一面形成有入光口，使得所述聚焦透镜聚集的光线从所述入光口射入。
附图说明
图1为本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的结构示意图。
图2为本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的爆炸分解结构示意图。
图3为本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的分解结构的侧视图。
图4为本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器中上壳体的结构示意图。
图5为本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器的工作原理图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
参阅图1，本发明提供了一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法， 通过测量过滤器表面光谱反射率的变化，来判断过滤器的积尘程度，从而明确过滤器是否堵塞。由于过滤器表面存在积尘时，其光谱反射率会随着表面积尘状态的变化而发生改变，且该变化趋势是单调的，故而利用光谱反射率来判断过滤器的积尘程度相对于利用反射光的强度值的变化来判断过滤器的积尘程度结果更加准确。本发明的传感器及检测方法能够解决仅靠光强来表征过滤器状态的局限性，还可以连续输出过滤器表面的积尘的状态信息，且实现方法简单可行，能有效解决对过滤器积尘程度实时监控的问题。下面结合附图对本发明用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器及方法进行说明。
如图1和图5所示，本发明提供了一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器20，该传感器20可集成于过滤器10内，使得过滤器10具有检测自身积尘程度的功能，该传感器20还可以为独立的器件，应用于各种过滤器10的积尘检测。传感器20包括光发射单元21、光接收单元22、校准单元23以及处理单元24，校准单元23与光发射单元21和光接收单元22连接，处理单元24与光发射单元21、光接收单元22以及校准单元23连接，上述的连接可以为电连接，也可以为通信连接，使得处理单元24能够接收到光发射单元21和光接收单元22产生的信号，还能够接收校准单元24产生的信息，校准单元24能够接收到光发射单元21和光接收单元22所产生的信号。
光发射单元21用于产生入射光线向过滤器表面101照射。该光发射单元21可产生一种或多种入射光线，且产生的入射光线的功率可根据需要进行调整。结合图2和图3所示，光发射单元21包括光源211和设于光源211前方的准直透镜212，光源211用于发射一定功率的光线，在一较佳实施方式中，该光源211采用红外发射管，可产生不同功率的红外入射光线。该光源211还可以采用激光管，可产生不同功率的入射激光。在另一较佳实施方式中，光源211采用两种不同类型的光源，包括红外发射管和激光管，通过红外发射管和激光管可产生不同类型的光线向过滤器表面101照射。准直透镜212设置在光源211的前方，用于将光源211产生的入射光线形成均匀的平行光线并照射在过滤器表面101。通过准直透镜212控制入射光线照射到过滤器表面101的均匀性，消除了发射角度不同引起的不同光功率变化的影响，将光源产生的不均匀的光线进行准直，使光线均匀照射到被测的过滤器表面101，从而提高了过滤器的检测精度。 准直透镜212采用高抛光表面，提高了光源211产生的入射光线的透过率，而且使得灰尘不易堆积到其表面。准直透镜212的表面高出传感器20的壳体25的表面，当放置在风道中时，如果准直透镜212的表面出现积灰，更容易被吹走。
光接收单元22用于接收过滤器表面101反射的反射光并形成光接收信号，光接收单元22接收过滤器表面101反射的光功率信息，并将其转换成电信号。该光接收单元22包括光接收探测器221和设于光接收探测器221前方的聚焦透镜222，光接收探测器221用于接收过滤器表面101反射的反射光，聚焦透镜222用于将过滤器表面101反射的反射光聚焦在光接收探测器221上。光接收探测器221接收过滤器表面101反射回来的光功率，并将其转换成可检测的电信号，将光接收探测器221的光谱选用宽波段的范围，提高其在宽范围内的光谱光功率强度，从而增加过滤器表面101的光谱的分辨率。聚焦透镜222用于汇聚过滤器表面101产生的反射光线，并将其聚集在光接收探测器221上，聚焦透镜222的表面采用高抛光表面，使得灰尘不易堆积到其表面上，该聚焦透镜222的表面高出传感器20的壳体25的表面，当放置在风道中时，如果聚焦透镜222的表面出现积灰，更容易被吹走。
校准单元23用于计算反射立体角补偿值，该反射立体角与反射光功率有关，反射立体角的准确性关系到了反射光功率的准确性，进而能够影响积尘程度的检测结果的准确性。校准单元23用于根据不同的两个入射光功率的光线在过滤器表面101的光谱反射率相等而计算得出反射立体角补偿值，并将该反射立体角补偿值提供给处理单元24，使得处理单元24能够根据反射立体角补偿值为反射光功率进行补偿。校准单元23在计算时所需要的两个不同功率的入射光线由光发射单元21的光源211发出，该两个不同功率的入射光线可以为不同类型的光线，也可以为相同类型的光线。
下面对校准单元23计算反射立体角补偿值的过程进行说明。
光谱反射率的计算公式可表示为：
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000001
公式一中，ρ为光谱反射率，Q为接收到的反射光功率，l为入射光线的功率，θi为入射光线的立体角，
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000002
为入射光线的方位角，θr为反射光线 的立体角，
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000003
为反射光线的方位角。当传感器20和过滤器表面101的位置固定后，θi和
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000004
为常数，较佳地，传感器20的入射光线垂直于过滤器表面101设置。当光接收单元22的位置确定后，接收的反射光的方位角
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000005
也为常量。所以在计算反射光功率Q时，其与反射光线的立体角有关。
根据两个不同功率的入射光线照射到过滤器表面101相同位置后，得到的反射光功率不同，但相邻的两次过滤器表面的光谱反射率不变化，从而可知：
利用光发射单元21产生功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000006
的入射光线照射到过滤器表面101，光接收单元22接收到的反射光所对应的反射光功率的可表示
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000007
对应的光谱反射率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000008
利用光发射单元21产生功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000009
的入射光线照射到过滤器表面101，光接收单元22接收到的反射光所对应的反射光功率的可表示
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000010
对应的光谱反射率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000011
校准单元根据两次的光谱反射率相等，即，ρx1＝ρx2，从而能够得出反射立体角补偿值θrx。
处理单元24用于根据光接收单元22形成的光接收信号计算得到对应的反射光功率Q，并通过校准单元23得出的反射立体角补偿值对反射光功率进行补偿从而得到补偿后的反射光功率，进而利用补偿后的反射光功率和光发射单元21产生的入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，并判断得出过滤器表面的积尘程度。
处理单元24在计算反射光功率时，通过上述公式一的分析，反射光线的立体角θr可通过如下方式计算：
利用标准朗伯体表面计算反射光线的立体角，标准朗伯体表面的光谱反射率为已知，且在标准朗伯体表面光线只存在漫反射。
向标准朗伯体表面入射功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000012
的光线，接收到的反射光功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000013
光谱反射率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000014
向标准朗伯体表面入射功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000015
的光线，接收到的反射光功率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000016
光谱反射率为
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000017
由于为ρ1和ρ2已知，可解出反射立体角的标准值θr。
利用反射立体角的标准值θr来计算过滤器表面101的反射光功率时，由于被测的表面不是标准朗伯体表面，被测的表面存在双向反射，包括漫反射和非漫反射，其中的非漫反射包括有镜面反射，若利用反射立体角的标准值来计算过滤器表面101的发射光功率时，由于有非漫反射的光功率未在立体角θr内，而没有被光接收单元21所接收，从而在判断积尘程度时会产生误差，为将该没有被接收到的非漫反射的光功率补偿到反射光功率中，处理单元24利用反射立体角补偿值θrx来计算出非漫反射的光功率，进而将其加入到反射光功率中。
作为本发明的一较佳实施方式，处理单元24包括有补偿计算模块，该补偿计算模块与校准单元23和光接收单元22连接，补偿计算模块内存储有反射立体角标准值θr，该补偿计算模块用于通过反射立体角补偿值θrx和发射立体角标准值θr的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射的反射光功率偏差值并反馈给处理单元24。具体地，非漫反射的反射光功率偏差值表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2017107081-appb-000018
处理单元24将非漫反射的发射光功率偏差值Qx和其计算的反射光功率Q求和，得到补偿后的反射光功率，从而修正了反射光功率的偏差，再利用该补偿后的反射光功率和入射光线的功率求出光谱反射率，进而根据光谱反射率判断得出过滤器表面的积尘程度。
在处理单元24内存储有光谱反射率和积尘程度的对照关系表，根据计算得出的光谱反射率来查找对照关系表从而获得对应的积尘程度。处理单元得到的过滤器积尘的信息以积尘百分比的形式表现出来，可以连续输出0-100％的信息表示过滤器表面的积尘状态。也可以把处理后数据以电压、电流信号，或PWM波形信号，或数字信号输出给用户。
较佳地，校准单元23的运行可在传感器20的初次运行时进行校准为处理单元提供反射立体角补偿值，也可以根据用户触发形成的控制指令来触发进行校准，还可以在每次处理单元进行积尘程度判断时均提供校准。
作为本发明的另一较佳实施方式，传感器20可实时监控过滤器表面101的积尘程度，即通过光发射单元21实时向过滤器表面101发射入射光线，光接收单元22接收反射的反射光并转换成电信号，处理单元24实时计算出光谱反射率，进而判断出过滤器表面的积尘程度。
作为本发明的又一较佳实施方式，如图2至图4所示，光发射单元21还包括设于准直透镜212背部并套设在光源211上的第一消光结构 213，该第一消光结构213为柱状结构，且两端为开口结构，该第一消光结构213上对应准直透镜212的一面形成有出光口，使得光源211产生的光线从出光口射出，进而经过准直透镜212的准直后均匀的照射到过滤器表面101。通过第一消光结构213的设置，避免了光源211产生的光线直接传入到光接收探测器表面，消除了对过滤器表面反射光线的影响，确保了光谱反射率的准确性，提高了对过滤器表面光功率的检测的信噪比。光接收单元22还包括设于聚焦透镜222的背部并套设在光接收探测器221上的第二消光结构223，该第二消光结构223上对应聚焦透镜222的一面形成有入光口，使得聚焦透镜222聚集的光线从入光口射入到光接收探测器221上。设置第二消光结构223，用于防止外界环境光在一定角度汇聚到光接收探测器221上形成干扰杂散光噪声信号，第二消光结构223保证只接收来自过滤器表面101反射的反射光，从而提高了过滤器表面反射光功率的信噪比。
作为本发明的再一较佳实施方式，如图2和图3所示，传感器20包括有壳体25，该壳体25包括上壳体251和下壳体252，上壳体251和下壳体252对接连接从而使得该壳体25内部形成有容置空间，传感器20的光发射单元21、光接收单元22、校准单元23以及处理单元24均置于该壳体25的容置空间内，在上壳体251上设置有第一安装孔2511和第二安装孔2512，用于入射光线的射出和反射光线的进入，在壳体25还设置有电路板26，该电路板26上固定连接有固定支架261，光源211和光接收探测器221均安装在固定支架261上。结合图4所示，第一消光结构213和第二消光结构223形成在上壳体251的内侧面上并与第一安装孔2511和第二安装孔2512对应设置，第一消光结构213的开口与第一安装孔2511对应设置，从而在第一消光结构213前端处的准直透镜212设于第一安装孔2511处，且该准直透镜212有部分凸伸出第一安装孔2511，结合图1所示，使得准直透镜212的外表面凸伸出上壳体251的外表面，第二消光结构223的开口与第二安装孔2512对应设置，从而在第二消光结构223的前端处的聚焦透镜222设于该第二安装孔2512处，且该聚焦透镜222有部分凸伸出第二安装孔2512。电路板26上安装有校准单元23和处理单元24。
作为本发明的再又一较佳实施方式，如图5所示，为方便对光发射单元21的控制，传感器20还包括与光发射单元21控制连接的光控制单元 27，该光控制单元27与处理单元24连接，处理单元24发送控制指令给光控制单元27，使得光控制单元27控制光发射单元21产生指定功率的入射光线，光控制单元27用于控制光发射单元21的运行，并在另光发射单元21保持发射光线的功率恒定，从而得到准确的光谱反射率。光控制单元27可控制光发射单元21产生两种不同光功率的光线，分别照射到过滤器表面，还用控制两种不同类型的光源分时段地向过滤器表面发射两种光功率信号。为提高检测精度，在光接收单元22和处理单元24与校准单元23之间设置有信号调理单元28，该信号调理单元28连接光接收单元22，用于对光接收单元22形成的电信号进行调理，并将调理的信号传送给处理单元24和校准单元23，信号调理单元28包括前置放大反馈模块281和滤波处理模块282，前置放大反馈模块281与光接收单元22连接，由于光接收单元22将光功率信号直接转化得到电信号极其微弱，容易受到噪声的影响，利用前置放大反馈模块281对获得的与过滤器积尘程度有关的电信号进行处理和放大，光接收单元22将电信号发送给前置放大模块进行放大后，再把信号回授到放大器的输入端，该传感器电路采反馈电路的高精度的信号提取和处理方法，降低探测器暗电流带来的影响，使探测器对输入光功率具有高的分辨率和大的测量范围，从而探测器检测到的两种不同光功率信号不被放大到饱和状态，提高了整个探测器系统的分辨率，得到更准确的过滤器表面不同积尘程度的电信号。滤波处理模块282采用以一级低通滤波器和一级高通滤波器组合电路，使特定频率范围的信号才能通过并传送给后端处理器。该特定频率范围与过滤器表面的反射的光功率调制的频率信号相符合，并且能够隔离通常的电源噪声频率，或大功率电器产能干扰信号频率，提高抗电磁干扰的能力。
下面对本发明提供的用于过滤器积尘检测的方法进行说明。
本发明提供了一种用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，包括如下步骤：
提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射；
接收过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到反射光功率；
利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，并通过反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，从而得到补偿后反射光功率；以及
利用补偿后的反射光功率和入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反 射率，进而判断得出过滤器表面的积尘程度。
由于过滤器表面存在积尘时，光谱反射率会随着表面积尘状态的变化而发生变化，且变化趋势是单调的，从而能够得到光谱反射率与积尘程度的对照关系表，根据计算得出的光谱反射率来查找对照关系表从而获得对应的积尘程度。得到的过滤器积尘程度的信息以积尘百分比的形式表现出来，可以连续输出0-100％的信息表示过滤器表面的积尘状态。也可以把处理后的数据以电压、电流信号，或PWM波形信号，或数字信号输出给用户。
本发明通过前后两次对过滤器表面照射不同功率的光线，利用相邻两次照射到被测过滤器相同位置的光谱反射率不变化，校准反射立体角的误差从而得到反射立体角补偿值，进而根据反射立体角补偿值对反射光功率进行补偿，从而提高了计算过滤器表面的光谱反射率的准确度，使得检测积尘的结果更加准确，解决了仅靠光强来表征过滤器积尘状态的局限性，本发明提供的检测方法简单可行，能有效解决对过滤器积尘程度实时监控的问题。
作为本发明的一较佳实施方式，利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，包括：
提供另一入射光线并向过滤器表面照射，接收另一入射光线经过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到对应的另一反射光功率，另一入射光线的功率与入射光线的功率不同，进而通过另一入射光线的光谱反射率与入射光线的光谱反射率相等而计算得出反射立体角补偿值；或者
以第一发射光功率向过滤器表面照射第一光线，并接收过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第一反射光功率；以第二发射光功率向过滤器表面照射第二光线，并接收过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第二反射光功率；通过第一光线和第二光线的光谱反射率相等，进而计算得到反射立体角补偿值。
两个不同功率的入射光线可以为相同类型的光线，也可以采用不同类型的光线。反射立体角与反射光功率有关，反射立体角的准确性关系到了反射光功率的准确性，进而能够影响积尘程度的检测结果的准确性。反射立体角补偿值的计算可通过上述传感器20的校准单元23来实现，本发明检测方法中的计算反射立体角补偿值的过程与校准单元23的计算过程相同，可参见上述校准单元23的过程描述，在此不再赘述。
作为本发明的又一较佳实施方式，通过反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，包括：
利用反射立体角补偿值和反射立体角标准值的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射产生的反射光功率偏差值；
将反射光功率偏差值与反射光功率求和从而实现了对反射光功率进行补偿。该非漫反射产生的反射光功率偏差值可通过处理单元24中的补偿计算模块来实现，其计算的过程与补偿计算模块的计算过程相同，可参见上述补偿计算模块的描述，在此不再赘述。
作为本发明的再一较佳实施方式，提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射包括：
如图2至图5所示，提供光源211，利用光源211产生设定发射光功率的入射光线并向过滤器表面101照射；
提供准直透镜212，将准直透镜212设于光源的前方，使得光源211产生的入射光线经过准直透镜后形成均匀的平行光线照射于过滤器表面。
光源211用于发射一定功率的光线，在一较佳实施方式中，该光源211采用红外发射管，可产生不同功率的红外入射光线。该光源211还可以采用激光管，可产生不同功率的入射激光。在另一较佳实施方式中，光源211采用两种不同类型的光源，包括红外发射管和激光管，通过红外发射管和激光管可产生不同类型的光线向过滤器表面101照射。通过准直透镜212控制入射光线照射到过滤器表面101的均匀性，消除了发射角度不同引起的不同光功率变化的影响，将光源产生的不均匀的光线进行准直，是光线均匀照射到被测的过滤器表面101，从而提高了过滤器的检测精度。准直透镜212采用高抛光表面，提高了光源211产生的入射光线的透过率，而且使得灰尘不易堆积到其表面。准直透镜212的表面高出传感器20的壳体25的表面，当放置在风道中时，如果准直透镜212的表面出现积灰，更容易被吹走。
作为本发明的再又一较佳实施方式，接收过滤器表面反射的反射光时，包括：
提供光接收探测器221，利用光接收探测器221接收过滤器表面101反射的反射光；
提供聚焦透镜222，将聚焦透镜222设于光接收探测器221的前方，使得过滤器表面101反射的反射光经过聚焦透镜222聚集在光接收探测器 221上。
光接收探测器221接收过滤器表面101反射回来的光功率，并将其转换成可检测的电信号，将光接收探测器221的光谱选用宽波段的范围，提高其在宽范围内的光谱光功率强度，从而增加过滤器表面101的光谱的分辨率。聚焦透镜222用于汇聚过滤器表面101产生的反射光线，并将其聚集在光接收探测器221上，聚焦透镜222的表面采用高抛光表面，使得灰尘不易堆积到其表面上，该聚焦透镜222的表面高出传感器20的壳体25的表面，当放置在风道中时，如果聚焦透镜222的表面出现积灰，更容易被吹走。
作为本发明的再又一较佳实施方式，该方还包括：
提供第一消光结构213，将第一消光结构213设于准直透镜212背部并套设在光源211上，该第一消光结构213为柱状结构，且两端为开口结构，该第一消光结构213上对应准直透镜212的一面形成有出光口，使得光源211产生的光学从出光口射出，进而经过准直透镜212的准直后均匀的照射到过滤器表面101。通过第一消光结构213的设置，避免了光源211产生的光线直接传入到过滤器表面，消除了对过滤器表面反射光线的影响，确保了光谱反射率的准确性，提高了对过滤器表面光功率的检测的信噪比。
提供第二消光结构223，将第二消光结构223设于聚焦透镜222的背部并套设在光接收探测器221上，该第二消光结构223上对应聚焦透镜222的一面形成有入光口，使得聚焦透镜222聚集的光线从入光口射入到光接收探测器221上。设置第二消光结构223，用于防止外界环境光在一定角度汇聚到光接收探测器221上形成干扰杂散光噪声信号，第二消光结构223保证只接收来自过滤器表面101反射的反射光，从而提高了过滤器表面反射光功率的信噪比。
以上结合附图实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域中普通技术人员可根据上述说明对本发明做出种种变化例。因而，实施例中的某些细节不应构成对本发明的限定，本发明将以所附权利要求书界定的范围作为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射；
    接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到反射光功率；
    利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，并通过所述反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，从而得到补偿后反射光功率；以及
    利用所述的补偿后的反射光功率和所述入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，进而判断得出所述过滤器表面的积尘程度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，其特征在于，利用不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值，包括：
    提供另一入射光线并向所述过滤器表面照射，接收所述另一入射光线经所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并得到对应的另一反射光功率，所述另一入射光线的功率与所述入射光线的功率不同，进而通过所述另一入射光线的光谱反射率与所述入射光线的光谱反射率相等而计算得出所述反射立体角补偿值；或者
    以第一发射光功率向过滤器表面照射第一光线，并接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第一反射光功率；以第二发射光功率向所述过滤器表面照射第二光线，并接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光得到对应的第二反射光功率；通过所述第一光线和所述第二光线的光谱反射率相等，进而计算得到所述反射立体角补偿值。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，其特征在于，通过所述反射立体角补偿值对所得到的反射光功率进行补偿，包括：
    利用所述反射立体角补偿值和反射立体角标准值的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射产生的反射光功率偏差值；
    将所述反射光功率偏差值与所述反射光功率求和从而实现了对所述反射光功率进行补偿。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，其特征在于，提供入射光线并向过滤器表面照射包括：
    提供光源，利用所述光源产生设定发射光功率的入射光线并向所述过 滤器表面照射；
    提供准直透镜，将所述准直透镜设于所述光源的前方，使得所述光源产生的入射光线经过所述准直透镜后形成均匀的平行光线照射于所述过滤器表面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的方法，其特征在于，接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光时，包括：
    提供光接收探测器，利用所述光接收探测器接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光；
    提供聚焦透镜，将所述聚焦透镜设于所述光接收探测器的前方，使得所述过滤器表面反射的反射光经过所述聚焦透镜聚集在所述光接收探测器上。
  6. 一种用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    光发射单元，用于产生入射光线并向过滤器表面照射；
    光接收单元，用于接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光并形成光接收信号；
    与所述光发射单元和所述光接收单元连接的校准单元，用于根据不同的两个入射光功率的光线在所述过滤器表面的光谱反射率相等计算得出反射立体角补偿值；以及
    与所述光发射单元、所述光接收单元以及所述校准单元连接的处理单元，所述处理单元用于根据所述光接收单元形成的光接收信号计算得到对应的反射光功率，并通过所述校准单元得出的所述反射立体角补偿值对所述反射光功率进行补偿从而得到补偿后的反射光功率，进而利用所述的补偿后的反射光功率和所述光发射单元产生的所述入射光线的功率计算得出对应的光谱反射率，并判断得出所述过滤器表面的积尘程度。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，其特征在于，所述处理单元包括补偿计算模块，所述补偿计算模块与所述校准单元和所述光接收单元连接；
    所述补偿计算模块内存储有反射立体角标准值，用于通过所述校准单元得出的所述反射立体角补偿值和所述反射立体角标准值的差值计算得出对应的非漫反射的反射光功率偏差值并反馈给所述处理单元。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，其特征在于，所述光发射单元包括光源和设于所述光源前方的准直透镜；
    所述光源用于产生设定发射功率的入射光线并向所述过滤器表面照射；
    所述准直透镜用于将所述光源产生的入射光线形成均匀的平行光线并照射于所述过滤器表面。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，其特征在于，所述光接收单元包括光接收探测器和设于所述光接收探测器前方的聚焦透镜；
    所述光接收探测器用于接收所述过滤器表面反射的反射光；
    所述聚焦透镜用于将所述过滤器表面反射的反射光聚集在所述光接收探测器上。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的用于检测过滤器积尘的传感器，其特征在于，所述光发射单元还包括设于所述准直透镜的背部并套设于所述光源上的第一消光结构，所述第一消光结构上对应所述准直透镜的一面形成有出光口，使得所述光源产生的光线从所述出光口射出；
    所述光接收单元还包括设于所述聚焦透镜的背部并套设于所述光接收探测器上的第二消光结构，所述第二消光结构上对应所述聚焦透镜的一面形成有入光口，使得所述聚焦透镜聚集的光线从所述入光口射入。
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