WO2019056184A1 - 一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统 - Google Patents

一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019056184A1
WO2019056184A1 PCT/CN2017/102311 CN2017102311W WO2019056184A1 WO 2019056184 A1 WO2019056184 A1 WO 2019056184A1 CN 2017102311 W CN2017102311 W CN 2017102311W WO 2019056184 A1 WO2019056184 A1 WO 2019056184A1
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superheater
furnace
section
flue
boiler
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PCT/CN2017/102311
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘国辉
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深圳市能源环保有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/102311 priority Critical patent/WO2019056184A1/zh
Publication of WO2019056184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019056184A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
    • F22G1/02—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply by hot flue gases from the furnace of the steam boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
    • F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
    • F22G5/12—Controlling superheat temperature by attemperating the superheated steam, e.g. by injected water sprays

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  • the invention relates to a waste incinerator heating device, in particular to a waste incineration boiler superheater system.
  • the incineration treatment technology has obvious effects of reducing volume and weight loss, is harmless and thorough, and has a small footprint.
  • waste heat can be used for heating or power generation. The advantages of less pollution and controllability have gradually become the mainstream technology for urban domestic waste disposal in China.
  • the garbage contains a large amount of Cl, it will produce corrosive gases such as HCl and Cl2 and other corrosive chlorides after burning, corroding the high temperature heating surface of the boiler, and this corrosion phenomenon will increase with the increase of the main steam parameters of the boiler. Serious, affecting the safe and stable operation of the power plant and economic benefits. Therefore, in order to avoid the corrosion interval, the main steam parameters of the waste incineration waste heat boiler are mostly 4.0MPa/400°C and 6.5MPa/450°C, and the thermal efficiency of the whole plant is still generally low, which can only reach 21%-23%.
  • the thermal efficiency of the power plant can be increased to 28%, which greatly increases the profit.
  • the high temperature heating surface of the boiler is subject to serious corrosion. Even with special anti-corrosion measures, the price paid is extremely expensive and economically unfeasible.
  • the present invention provides a superheater system for a waste incineration boiler, in which a water-cooled partition screen is arranged, and a water-cooled partition screen divides the furnace into two parts of a front furnace and a rear furnace in a lateral direction, and the drying section of the incinerator is dried.
  • the flue gas generated in the pyrolysis section is restricted to flow in the front furnace, and the flue gas generated in the combustion section and the burnout section is restricted to flow in the rear furnace, and the tertiary superheater is set in the rear furnace in advance, further Increasing the heating temperature of the tertiary superheater, and also providing a front secondary superheater in the horizontal flue, the first two superheaters being disposed before the secondary superheater, and in the case of controlling the high temperature heating surface of the boiler not to be seriously corroded, Improve the efficiency of the boiler in an all-round way.
  • the invention provides a solution for a waste incineration boiler superheater system, which mainly comprises a grate, a furnace, a flue and a heat receiver, and the grate comprises a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a combustion section and a burnout section.
  • the flue includes, in order, a first vertical flue, a second vertical flue, a third vertical flue, and a horizontal flue
  • the heat receiver includes a primary evaporator, a tertiary superheater, a secondary superheater, and a Stage superheater, secondary evaporator and economizer group, the first stage evaporator, the second stage superheater, the first stage superheater, the second stage evaporator and the economizer are arranged in the horizontal flue in the direction of the flue gas flow. group,
  • the utility model is characterized in that a water-cooling partition screen is arranged in the furnace, the water-cooling partition screen divides the furnace into two parts of the front furnace and the rear furnace in a lateral direction, and limits the smoke generated by the drying section and the pyrolysis section of the incinerator.
  • the tertiary superheater employs a coiled tube heat exchanger.
  • the present invention is directed to a waste incineration boiler superheater system in which a water-cooled partition screen is provided, and the water-cooled partition screen divides a furnace into a front furnace and a rear furnace in a lateral direction.
  • the flue gas generated in the drying section and the pyrolysis section of the incinerator is restricted from flowing in the front furnace, and the flue gas generated in the combustion section and the burnout section is restricted to flow in the rear furnace, and the tertiary exhaustion is performed.
  • the device is disposed in the rear furnace in advance to further increase the heating temperature of the tertiary superheater, and a front secondary superheater is further disposed in the horizontal flue, and the front secondary superheater is disposed before the secondary superheater. Improve the efficiency of the boiler in an all-round way.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of an embodiment of the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1.5 hearth 1.5A front furnace, 1.5B rear furnace,
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of an embodiment of the prior art.
  • the figure shows a waste incineration boiler superheater system, which mainly includes grate 1.2, furnace 1.5, 2 flue and heat receiver 3.
  • Furnace 1.2 includes drying section 1.21, pyrolysis section 1.22, combustion section 1.23, burnout section 1.24,
  • the flue 2 comprises a first vertical flue 2.11, a second vertical flue 2.12, a third vertical flue 2.13 and a horizontal flue 2.2
  • the heat receiver 3 comprises a first stage evaporator 3.1, a third stage superheater 3.2, two.
  • Superheater 3.4, secondary evaporator 3.5 and economizer group 3.6 As shown in Fig. 1, in the prior art, the tertiary superheater 3.3 is disposed after the primary evaporator 3.1 and before the secondary superheater 3.3.
  • the furnace body 1 mainly comprises a grate, a garbage inlet 1.1, a ash discharge port 1.3 and a furnace raft 1.5, and the grate is divided into a drying section 1.21, a pyrolysis section 1.22, a combustion section 1.23, and a burnout section. 1.24 four stages, 1.21 in the drying section, 1.22 in the pyrolysis section, 1.23 in the combustion section And the lower side of the burnt section 1.24 is connected to the primary wind 1.7A to play a combustion-supporting role.
  • the composition of flue gas produced by different furnace sections varies greatly.
  • the flue gas temperature is relatively low, and the oxygen content is high, containing CO and CH 4 .
  • the flammable gas, as well as the corrosive gas such as HCl and Cl 2 which will corrode the heated surface of the waste heat boiler, is highly corrosive; and the combustion section and the burnout section have higher temperature, so the temperature of the flue gas is higher, oxygen
  • the content is low, the content of corrosive gas is small, and the corrosion is weak.
  • the figure shows that in the prior art, the drying section, the pyrolysis section, the combustion section and the burning section share one furnace 1.5, and the different components of the flue gas generated in each furnace section are mixed in the furnace to form flue gas 1.4, and the flue gas 1.4 is
  • the furnace is in the process of flowing inside 1.5. Due to the high temperature and high oxygen state, it is very likely to generate harmful gases, and the corrosion on the heating surface of the boiler is very serious.
  • the main steam parameters of waste incineration waste heat boilers are mostly 4.0MPa/400°C and 6.5MPa/450°C, and the thermal efficiency of the whole plant is still generally low, 21%-23%. If the steam parameters of the waste incineration boiler are increased to 9.8 MPa/500 °C, the thermal efficiency of the power plant can be increased to 28%, which greatly increases the profit.
  • the high temperature heating surface of the boiler is subject to serious corrosion. Even with special anti-corrosion measures, the price paid is extremely expensive and economically unfeasible.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows that, unlike the prior art, in this example, a water-cooled partition screen 1.6 is provided in the furnace 1.5, and the water-cooled partition screen 1.6 divides the furnace into a front furnace 1.5A and a rear furnace 1.5B in a lateral direction.
  • the 1.4M of the incinerator drying section 1.21 of the pyrolysis section 1.22 is restricted to flow in the former furnace 1.5A, and the high temperature post-smoke 1.4B generated by the burning section 1.23 and the burning section 1.24 is limited to the after furnace.
  • the post-flue 1.4B generated by the combustion section 1.23 and the burnout section 1.24 is restricted to flow in the post-furnace 1.5B, so that the high-temperature post-flue 1.4B is in a low-oxygen environment, and in the after-furnace 1.5
  • a three-stage superheater 3.2 is also provided, so that the temperature of the rear flue gas 1.4B is further reduced by the third-stage superheater 3.2, and the front flue gas 1.4A and the rear flue gas 1.4B are merged in the upper part of the water-cooled partition screen 1.6 in the furnace.
  • the tertiary superheater uses a serpentine heat exchanger.
  • the boiler steam parameter can be increased to 9.8 MPa/500 ° C, and the thermal efficiency of the power plant can be increased to 28%, which greatly increases the profit.
  • the front secondary superheater 3.3A is placed in the position of the original three-stage superheater 3.2, so that the former secondary superheater 3.3A can use the material of the original three-stage superheater 3.2, while steam The temperature is controlled at around 450 °C to reduce the risk of corrosion and ensure the service life and economy of the secondary superheater.
  • a water spray desuperheater is arranged between the primary superheater and the secondary superheater, and a water spray desuperheater is also arranged between the secondary superheater and the tertiary superheater to control the steam temperature.
  • the three-stage superheater of the garbage incineration boiler of the invention can adopt the currently used serpentine tube structure, and the pipe can be selected from the TP347H anticorrosive material;
  • the temperature of the three-stage superheater pipe wall is arranged in a downstream flow; the slagging is reduced, and the large pipe screen spacing is adopted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，在炉膛（1.5）内设置水冷分隔屏（1.6），水冷分隔屏（1.6）将炉膛（1.5）沿横向方向分割成前炉膛（1.5A）、后炉膛（1.5B）两个部分，将焚烧炉干燥段（1.21）、热解段（1.22）产生的烟气限制在前炉膛（1.5A）中流动，而燃烧段（1.23）、燃尽段（1.24）产生的高温后烟气被限制在后炉膛（1.5B）中流动，并且将三级过热器（3.2）提前设置在后炉膛（1.5B）中，进一步提高三级过热器（3.2）的受热温度，并且在水平烟道（2.2）中还设置前二级过热器（3.3），前二级过热器（3.3A）设置在二级过热器（3.3）之前，在控制锅炉高温受热面不承受严重腐蚀的情况下，全面提升锅炉的效率。

Description

一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾焚烧炉受热设备，尤其涉及一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统。
背景技术
鉴于与卫生填埋、堆肥等垃圾处理技术相比，焚烧处理技术具有减容、减重效果明显，无害化彻底，且占地面积小，另外余热还能用于供热或发电，二次污染较少且可控等优点，已逐渐成为我国城市生活垃圾处理的主流技术。
然而，由于垃圾中含有大量的Cl元素，其燃烧后会生产HCl、Cl2等腐蚀气体和其他腐蚀性氯化物，腐蚀锅炉高温受热面，而且这种腐蚀现象会随锅炉主蒸汽参数的提高而更加严重，影响电厂的安全稳定运行和经济效益。因此，为了避开腐蚀区间，目前垃圾焚烧余热锅炉的主蒸汽参数大多为4.0MPa/400℃和6.5MPa/450℃，全厂热效率仍普遍较低，只能达到21％—23％。如将垃圾焚烧锅炉的蒸汽参数提高至9.8MPa/500℃，电厂的热效率可提高至28％，大大增加收益，但对于目前的垃圾焚烧锅炉而言，锅炉高温受热面要承受严重腐蚀的风险，即使采取特别的防腐措施，付出的代价也是极其昂贵，从经济上而言是不可行的。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，在炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉干燥段、热解段产生的烟气限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的高温后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，并且将三级过热器提前设置在后炉膛中，进一步提高三级过热器的受热温度，并且在水平烟道中还设置前二级过热器，前二过热器设置在所述二级过热器之前，在控制锅炉高温受热面不承受严重腐蚀的情况下，全面提升锅炉的效率。
本发明解决技术问题所提供方案是，一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，主要包括炉排、炉膛、烟道及受热器，所述炉排包括干燥段、热解段、燃烧段、燃尽段，所述烟道依次包括第一垂直烟道、第二垂直烟道，第三垂直烟道和水平烟道，所述受热器包括一级蒸发器、三级过热器、二级过热器、一级过热器、二级蒸发器和省煤器组，在水平烟道内沿烟气流动方向依次布置所述一级蒸发器、二级过热器、一级过热器、二级蒸发器和省煤器组，
其特征是，在所述炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，所述水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉干燥段、热解段产生的烟气限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的高温后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，并且将所述三级过热器的位置提前设置在后炉膛中，进一步提高三级过热器的受热温度，并且在所述水平烟道中还设置前二级过热器，所述前二级过热器设置在所述二级过热器之前，全面提升锅炉的效率；
本发明的优选方案，所述三级过热器采用蛇形管换热器。
本发明的有益效果：本发明旨在提供一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，在所述炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，所述水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉干燥段、热解段产生的烟气限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的高温后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，并且将所述三级过热器提前设置在后炉膛中，进一步提高三级过热器的受热温度，并且在所述水平烟道中还设置前二级过热器，所述前二级过热器设置在所述二级过热器之前，全面提升锅炉的效率。
附图说明
图1为现有技术一个实施例的结构布置示意图。
图2为本发明一个实施例的结构布置示意图。
图中：
1炉体，
1.1垃圾入口，
1.2炉排，1.21干燥段、1.22热解段、1.23燃烧段、1.24燃尽段，
1.3落灰口，
1.4烟气，1.4A前烟气，1.4B后烟气，
1.5炉膛，1.5A前炉膛，1.5B后炉膛，
1.6水冷分隔屏，
1.7A一次风，1.7B二次风，
1.8炉膛喉口处；
2烟道，2.11第一垂直烟道，2.12第二垂直烟道，2.13第三垂直烟道；2.2水平烟道；
3受热器，3.1一级蒸发器，3.2三级过热器、3.3二级过热器、3.3A前二级过热器、3.4一级过热器、3.5二级蒸发器、3.6省煤器。
具体实施方式
图1为现有技术一个实施例的结构布置示意图。图中显示，一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，主要包括炉排1.2、炉膛1.5、2烟道及受热器3，炉排1.2包括干燥段1.21、热解段1.22、燃烧段1.23、燃尽段1.24，烟道2依次包括第一垂直烟道2.11、第二垂直烟道2.12，第三垂直烟道2.13和水平烟道2.2，受热器3包括一级蒸发器3.1、三级过热器3.2、二级过热器3.3、一级过热器3.4、二级蒸发器3.5和省煤器组3.6，在水平烟道2.2内沿烟气流动方向依次布置一级蒸发器3.1、二级过热器3.3、一级过热器3.4、二级蒸发器3.5和省煤器组3.6。图1中显示，现有技术中，三级过热器3.3设置在一级蒸发器3.1之后并位于二级过热器3.3之前。
图1中显示，现有技术中，炉体1主要包括炉排、垃圾入口1.1、落灰口1.3及炉膛1.5，炉排分为干燥段1.21、热解段1.22、燃烧段1.23和燃尽段1.24四个阶段，在干燥段1.21、热解段1.22、燃烧段1.23 和燃尽段1.24下侧分别接入一次风1.7A发挥助燃作用。
在垃圾焚烧过程中，不同炉段产生的烟气成份差异很大，如干燥段、热解段由于温度较低，其产生的烟气温度相对较低，氧含量较高，含有CO、CH4等可燃气体，同时也含有会对余热锅炉受热面产生腐蚀的HCl、Cl2等腐蚀气体，腐蚀性强；而燃烧段和燃尽段由于温度较高，因此产生的烟气温度较高，氧含量较低，腐蚀性气体含量少，腐蚀性弱。图中显示，现有技术中，干燥段、热解段、燃烧段和燃尽段共用一个炉膛1.5，各个炉段产生的不同成份的烟气在炉膛内混合形成烟气1.4，烟气1.4在炉膛1.5内流动过程中。由于处于高温高氧状态，因此极易产生有害气体，对锅炉受热面造成的腐蚀很严重。
现有技术中，由于垃圾燃烧后产生的HCl、Cl2等腐蚀气体和其他腐蚀性氯化物将腐蚀锅炉高温受热面，而且这种腐蚀现象会随锅炉主蒸汽参数的提高而更加严重，影响电厂的安全稳定运行和经济效益。因此，为了避开腐蚀区间，目前垃圾焚烧余热锅炉的主蒸汽参数大多为4.0MPa/400℃和6.5MPa/450℃，全厂热效率仍普遍较低，21％—23％。如将垃圾焚烧锅炉的蒸汽参数提高至9.8MPa/500℃，电厂的热效率可提高至28％，大大增加收益，但对于目前的垃圾焚烧锅炉而言，锅炉高温受热面要承受严重腐蚀的风险，即使采取特别的防腐措施，付出的代价也是极其昂贵，从经济上而言是不可行的。
图2为本发明一个实施例的结构布置示意图。图中显示，与现有技术不同的是，本例中，在炉膛1.5内设置水冷分隔屏1.6，水冷分隔屏1.6将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛1.5A、后炉膛1.5B两个部份，将焚烧炉干燥段1.21、热解段1.22产生的前烟气1.4A限制在前炉膛1.5A中流动，而将燃烧段1.23、燃尽段1.24产生的高温后烟气1.4B限制在后炉膛1.5B中流动，并且将三级过热器3.2的位置提前设置在后炉膛1.5B中，进一步提高三级过热器3.2的受热温度，并且在水平烟道2.2中还设置前二级过热器3.3A，前二级过热器3.3A设置在二级过热器3.3之前，从而全面提升锅炉的效率。
本例中，由于燃烧段1.23、燃尽段1.24产生的后烟气1.4B被限制在后炉膛1.5B中流动，使高温的后烟气1.4B处于低氧的环境中，并且在后炉膛1.5B中还设置三级过热器3.2，使后烟气1.4B经过三级过热器3.2时温度进一步降低，前烟气1.4A与后烟气1.4B在炉膛内位于水冷分隔屏1.6上部汇合，在炉膛喉口处1.9喷入二次风1.8B，使前烟气1.4A、后烟气1.4B与二次风1.7B混合之后的混合烟气进一步燃烧，进一步减少有害物质的形成。
本例中，三级过热器采用蛇形管换热器。
采用本发明提出的垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，锅炉蒸汽参数可提高至9.8MPa/500℃，电厂的热效率可提高至28％，大大增加收益。为将蒸汽温度加热至500℃，将前二级过热器3.3A布置在原三级过热器3.2的位置，如此前二级过热器3.3A就可以采用原三级过热器3.2的材质，同时将蒸汽温度控制在450℃左右，以减少腐蚀风险，保证二级过热器的使用寿命和经济性。一级过热器与二级过热器间布置喷水减温器，二级过热器与三级过热器间也布置喷水减温器，以控制蒸汽温度。
本发明的垃圾焚烧锅炉三级过热器可采用目前常用的蛇形管结构，管材可选用TP347H防腐材质；为控 制三级过热器管壁温度，采用顺流布置；减少结渣，采用大管屏间距。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统，主要包括炉排、炉膛、烟道及受热器，所述炉排包括干燥段、热解段、燃烧段、燃尽段，所述烟道依次包括第一垂直烟道、第二垂直烟道，第三垂直烟道和水平烟道，所述受热器包括一级蒸发器、三级过热器、二级过热器、一级过热器、二级蒸发器和省煤器组，在水平烟道内沿烟气流动方向依次布置所述一级蒸发器、二级过热器、一级过热器、二级蒸发器和省煤器组，
    其特征是，在所述炉膛内设置水冷分隔屏，所述水冷分隔屏将炉膛沿横向方向分割成前炉膛、后炉膛两个部份，将焚烧炉干燥段、热解段产生的烟气限制在前炉膛中流动，而燃烧段、燃尽段产生的高温后烟气被限制在后炉膛中流动，并且将所述三级过热器的位置提前设置在后炉膛中，进一步提高三级过热器的受热温度，并且在所述水平烟道中还设置前二级过热器，所述前二级过热器设置在所述二级过热器之前，全面提升锅炉的效率；
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种低氮燃烧的垃圾焚烧炉，其特征是，所述三级过热器采用蛇形管换热器。
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JP2001343112A (ja) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-14 Nkk Corp 廃棄物焼却炉
CN101975391A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-02-16 清华大学 一种层燃生物质锅炉
CN102128446A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2011-07-20 伟明环保设备有限公司 炭黑尾气与煤混合燃烧的锅炉
CN205504967U (zh) * 2016-04-07 2016-08-24 贵港理昂生物质发电有限公司 一种生物质循环流化床锅炉
CN205746764U (zh) * 2016-05-17 2016-11-30 天合新源（天津）能源科技有限公司 一种防结焦生物质锅炉
CN107559804A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2018-01-09 深圳市能源环保有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧锅炉过热器系统

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JP2001343112A (ja) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-14 Nkk Corp 廃棄物焼却炉
CN101975391A (zh) * 2010-09-30 2011-02-16 清华大学 一种层燃生物质锅炉
CN102128446A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2011-07-20 伟明环保设备有限公司 炭黑尾气与煤混合燃烧的锅炉
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