WO2019047439A1 - 脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用 - Google Patents

脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2019047439A1
WO2019047439A1 PCT/CN2017/120112 CN2017120112W WO2019047439A1 WO 2019047439 A1 WO2019047439 A1 WO 2019047439A1 CN 2017120112 W CN2017120112 W CN 2017120112W WO 2019047439 A1 WO2019047439 A1 WO 2019047439A1
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bacteroides fragilis
group
capsular polysaccharide
extract
bacteroides
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French (fr)
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刘洋洋
智发朝
王晔
白杨
王从峰
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广州知易生物科技有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A61K35/741—Probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C19/06—Treating cheese curd after whey separation; Products obtained thereby
    • A23C19/09—Other cheese preparations; Mixtures of cheese with other foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
    • A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
    • A23C9/12—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes
    • A23C9/13—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G9/36—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/135—Bacteria or derivatives thereof, e.g. probiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
    • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
    • A61K35/74—Bacteria
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/10—Laxatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of application of Bacteroides fragilis, in particular to the application of a Bacteroides fragilis extract in the preparation of a medicament or food for controlling irritable bowel syndrome.
  • IBS Irritable bowel syndrome
  • the first cases are more common in people over 50 years old. More women than men, male to female ratio of 1:5 ⁇ 1:2, there is a tendency to family gathering. Studies have shown that the medical resources spent on IBS are quite large, affecting the quality of life of patients to varying degrees.
  • IBS The etiology and pathogenesis of IBS are still unclear and may be related to factors such as diet, intestinal infection and psychosis, which are the result of a combination of multiple factors. Its clinical symptoms are diverse, in addition to abdominal symptoms, but also with other symptoms, so treatment is more difficult, often need to be combined. Some patients also have mental and psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, and often require psychotherapy. Therefore, in the treatment of IBS should be based on the severity of the patient's symptoms, the type of symptoms and the frequency of attacks, follow the individualized treatment principles, and take comprehensive treatment measures. The choice of treatment and medication should vary from person to person, including: basic treatment, psychotherapy and medication. At present, there are mainly the following drugs for treating IBS:
  • drugs that regulate intestinal function including antidiarrheal agents, antispasmodics, prokinetic drugs and drugs that regulate visceral sensitivity.
  • Antidiarrheal agents are commonly used in the treatment of diarrhea in patients with IBS.
  • Commonly used drugs are loperamide, diphenoxylate and dioctahedral montmorillonite.
  • Loperamide Imperine
  • acts on the intestinal wall opioid peptide receptor prevents the release of acetylcholine and prostaglandins, inhibits intestinal peristalsis, prolongs the retention time of intestinal contents, enhances the absorption of water and ions in the intestinal tract, and relieves diarrhea.
  • Diphenoxylate phenethidine
  • acts on intestinal smooth muscle increases segmental contraction of the intestine, and prolongs the contact time between intestinal contents and intestinal mucosa.
  • Double octahedral montmorillonite can absorb water and pathogenic bacteria, improve the mucosal protection of the digestive tract, promote mucosal repair, and it can also adjust and restore colonic motor function and reduce colon sensitivity.
  • Antispasmodic drugs are commonly used in the treatment of abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS. According to their main mechanism of action, they can be divided into three categories, namely anticholinergic drugs, smooth muscle relaxants and calcium channel blockers, many of which have multiple pharmacological effects.
  • Anticholinergic drugs include atropine, anisodamine, belladonna and the like. Because of its atropine-like adverse reactions, its clinical application is limited.
  • the intestinal M3 selective choline receptor antagonist developed in recent years can inhibit the movement of the intestinal tract after meal and is expected to be used for the treatment of IBS.
  • Smooth muscle relaxants include papaverines (papaverine, bicyclovirin, mebeverine) and multi-ion channel modulators ( trimebutine).
  • Papaverine drugs act directly on smooth muscle cells and certain intestinal excitatory neurons, inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters.
  • Trimebutine inhibits the excitability of smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the potassium channel of the cell membrane, and inhibits the excitability of smooth muscle cells by blocking the calcium channel, thereby inhibiting the influx of calcium ions, thereby inhibiting cell contraction and smoothing the gastrointestinal tract. relaxation.
  • trimebutine has a two-way regulation of smooth muscle receptors: it acts on adrenergic receptors in low-motion states, inhibits the release of norepinephrine, increases the rhythm of exercise, and acts on the gallbladder during hyperactivity.
  • Alkali receptors and opioid receptors inhibit the release of acetylcholine, thereby inhibiting smooth muscle movement.
  • Calcium antagonists selectively act on the calcium channel of the colon, block the calcium influx, exert the relaxation effect on smooth muscle, inhibit the reflection of the stomach and colon, regulate the constipation and diarrhea, and have certain curative effects on abdominal pain, such as Verbronamide, otilamide.
  • 5-hydroxytryptamine is an important transmitter of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. It has a wide range of biological effects. 95% of the 5-HT in the human body is distributed in the gastrointestinal tract, and there are many kinds of 5-HT distributed on the intestinal mucosa. HT receptor and 5-HT transporter. In recent years, the important role of 5-HT4 receptor in gastrointestinal motility and visceral sensory regulation has been paid attention to. It has the functions of promoting gastrointestinal motility, reducing gastrointestinal sensitivity and promoting the secretion of chloride ions and water molecules, thus becoming a therapeutic function. A new target for gastrointestinal diseases.
  • the 5-HT4 receptor agonist cisapride promotes the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerves of the intestinal myenteric ganglia, and has a motility effect throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Tegaserod also known as Zemaco, is a new 5-HT4 receptor agonist that selectively acts on the 5-HT4 receptor subtype of the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates the small intestine and colon in patients with IBS who are predominantly secreted. The role of transmission. Recent studies have also confirmed that tegaserod has a regulatory effect on visceral sensory and no cardiovascular adverse reactions, and is a safe and effective new drug.
  • Drugs that modulate visceral sensitivity include 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and 5-HT4 receptor agonists. Increased visceral sensitivity is considered to be one of the important features of pathology and physiology of IBS. Studies have shown that 61% of patients with IBS have visceral paresthesia, and improving visceral sensation is an interesting pathway in the treatment of IBS. Clinical studies and animal studies have shown that some drugs have a regulatory effect on increased visceral sensitivity.
  • the 5-HT3 receptor is present in intestinal neurons and promotes intestinal motility, secretion, and visceral pain stimulation by releasing local 5-HT.
  • 5-HT3 receptor antagonists can be tested.
  • Aloxatron mainly inhibits 5-HT3 receptors in non-selective ion channels in the enteric nervous system and inhibits visceral reflexes.
  • others include ondansetron and ginsone.
  • the 5-HT4 receptor agonist tegaserod has a dual role in promoting motility and reducing visceral sensory sensitivity, and is indicated for patients with constipation-type IBS who have symptoms of significant abdominal pain. Human studies have reported that tegaserod can reduce the response of the rectal balloon dilatation damage and improve the visceral sensation of the human body.
  • laxatives in addition to 5-HT4 receptor agonists in patients with constipation, laxatives can also be used. It is currently believed that the application of inflammatory laxatives should be promoted with caution or by avoiding the use of irritating laxatives.
  • Inflated laxatives such as psyllium plantain can increase the capacity and moisture of the feces and promote bowel movements.
  • the osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol binds water molecules through hydrogen bonding, increases the moisture content of the feces and softens the feces, and promotes defecation. Because it is not absorbed, it has minimal toxicity and is suitable for patients with dry stools. Lactulose is decomposed by bacteria in the colon to form lactic acid and acetic acid, regulate the intestinal environment and promote intestinal peristalsis. The drug is more suitable for the elderly.
  • IBS patients are often accompanied by mental and psychological disorders
  • drug treatment for IBS should include anti-depression, anti-anxiety treatment.
  • Antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine and paroxetine.
  • fluoxetine in the treatment of IBS has the following four aspects: the improvement of psychopsychology can induce the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms; the regulation of 5-HT transmitter activity of visceral gastrointestinal pain and its receptors on gastrointestinal motility Role; potential central analgesic effect; prevents a vicious circle between psychological disorders and physiological abnormalities.
  • anti-anxiety medication may be considered in the treatment.
  • Bacteroides fragilis is a member of the genus Bacteroides in Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria and belongs to the genus Bacteroides. It is completely different from the Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria of the thick-walled bacteria. There are 25 strains of Bacteroides, 10 strains from humans only, 10 strains from animals only, and 5 strains from humans and animals. Bacteroides fragilis is an obligate anaerobic bacteria. The morphology of the cells is polymorphic depending on the medium and the growth stage. Under normal conditions, the cells are rod-shaped, the ends are obtuse, and the coloration is deep.
  • Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin BFT
  • Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin EFT
  • EBF Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis
  • NTBF non-toxin-producing Bacteroides fragilis
  • Bacteroides fragilis is a part of the normal flora of human and animal gut, mainly in the colon.
  • the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary mucosa can also colonize and grow.
  • Bacteroides fragilis acts as a conditional pathogen.
  • the host mucosa When the host mucosa is damaged, it can invade the submucosa, cause infection, and can also flow through the blood, causing other organs of the body, such as the intestine, abdominal cavity, liver, lung, brain tissue, A purulent infection of soft tissue, bone marrow, etc., accompanied by an abscess.
  • the present invention provides a novel application of a bacteroides fragilis extract.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • Bacteroides fragilis extract in the preparation of a medicament or food for controlling irritable bowel syndrome, the Bacteroides fragilis extract containing the fragile Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of 5 to 75 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of 15 KD to 65 KD;
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of from 25 KD to 55 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of from 35 KD to 45 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A is present in the Bacteroides fragilis extract in an amount of from 60 to 75 wt%.
  • Bacteroides fragilis is Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 with accession number CGMCC No. 10685.
  • the method for preparing the Bacteroides fragilis extract comprises the steps of:
  • the first supernatant collected in the step (1) is extracted with diethyl ether to remove phenol, and then the residual diethyl ether is removed, and the aqueous phase solution is collected;
  • the ratio of water, the phenol solution, and the first precipitate added to the first precipitate in the step (1) is 3-5 mL: 3-5 mL: 1 g;
  • the mass concentration of the phenol solution is 70-80%.
  • the alcohol precipitation of step (3) is alcohol precipitation at a temperature of 0-8 ° C for 8-16 hours.
  • the step (4) comprises: taking the second precipitate, adding water to prepare a suspension having a mass concentration of 8-12%, and adding a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution having a mass concentration of 8-12%. Heating to boiling, stirring the reaction for 1.5-2.5 hours, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, centrifuging, collecting the second supernatant, dialysis and desalting, and freeze-drying to obtain the Bacteroides fragilis extract.
  • the method for preparing the Bacteroides fragilis extract further comprises the step of degrading: extracting the Bacteroides fragilis extract obtained in the step (4) by ultrasonication, the conditions of the ultrasonication being: 180-210 kHz, 15-25 °C.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form comprises a pill, a tablet, a granule, a capsule, an oral solution, or a tube feeding formulation.
  • the medicament includes human or animal medication and can be used for humans or animals.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis extract may be administered prophylactically or therapeutically, or may be administered with other probiotics and/or probiotic materials. When administered in combination, the administration may be carried out in a single preparation or in separate preparations, or simultaneously or simultaneously, using the same or different administration routes.
  • the food product includes milk powder, cheese, curd, yogurt, ice cream or fermented cereals.
  • the food product may also be an animal food such as a feed or the like.
  • the food product may also be a baby food or a pet food.
  • the present invention also provides a Bacteroides fragilis extract or a medicament or food for controlling irritable bowel syndrome.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a Bacteroides fragilis extract or a medicine or food for controlling irritable bowel syndrome comprising a Bacteroides fragilis extract containing Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of 5 to 75 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of 15 KD to 65 KD;
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of from 25 KD to 55 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A has a molecular weight of from 35 KD to 45 KD.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A is present in the Bacteroides fragilis extract in an amount of from 60 to 75 wt%.
  • Bacteroides fragilis is Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 with accession number CGMCC No. 10685.
  • the method for preparing the Bacteroides fragilis extract comprises the steps of:
  • the first supernatant collected in the step (1) is extracted with diethyl ether to remove phenol, and then the residual diethyl ether is removed, and the aqueous phase solution is collected;
  • the ratio of water, the phenol solution, and the first precipitate added to the first precipitate in the step (1) is 3-5 mL: 3-5 mL: 1 g;
  • the mass concentration of the phenol solution is 70-80%.
  • the alcohol precipitation of step (3) is alcohol precipitation at a temperature of 0-8 ° C for 8-16 hours.
  • the step (4) comprises: taking the second precipitate, adding water to prepare a suspension having a mass concentration of 8-12%, and adding a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution having a mass concentration of 8-12%. Heating to boiling, stirring the reaction for 1.5-2.5 hours, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.5, centrifuging, collecting the second supernatant, dialysis and desalting, and freeze-drying to obtain the Bacteroides fragilis extract.
  • the method for preparing the Bacteroides fragilis extract further comprises the step of degrading: extracting the Bacteroides fragilis extract obtained in the step (4) by ultrasonication, the conditions of the ultrasonication being: 180-210 kHz, 15-25 °C.
  • the pharmaceutical dosage form comprises a pill, a tablet, a granule, a capsule, an oral solution, or a tube feeding formulation.
  • the medicament includes human or animal medication and can be used for humans or animals.
  • compositions may be included in the medicament: diluents, excipients, binders, lubricants, suspending agents, coating agents, solubilizing agents, and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable excipients include: water, saline solutions, alcohols, silicones, waxes, petrolatum, vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, liposomes, sugars, gelatin, lactose, amylose, stearic acid Magnesium, talc, surfactant, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, aromatic oil, mono- and glycerol fatty acid glycerides, petroethral fatty acid esters, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the like.
  • the medicament may be administered by any one or more of the following methods: inhalation administration by a micropump or a nasal spray or an inhalation aerosol, etc., in the form of a suppository or a vaginal suppository, in the form of a lotion, a solution Topical administration in the form of a lotion, cream, ointment or dusting, by use of a dermal patch, in the form of a tablet containing an excipient such as starch or lactose, or in a capsule alone or in admixture with excipients
  • the drug When administered parenterally, the drug is preferably administered in the form of a sterile aqueous solution which may contain other materials such as sufficient salts or monosaccharides to render the solution isotonic with blood.
  • the drug When administered or sublingually, the drug can be administered in the form of a tablet or lozenge formulated in a conventional manner.
  • the food product includes milk powder, cheese, curd, yogurt, ice cream or fermented cereals.
  • the food product may also be an animal food such as a feed or the like.
  • the food product may also be a baby food or a pet food.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of the present invention has been deposited with the General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee on April 2, 2015, and its deposit number is CGMCC No. 10685, and the deposit address is Chaoyang District, Beijing. No. 3, No. 1 Courtyard, Beichen West Road.
  • CGMCC General Microbiology Center
  • the inventors of the present invention obtained a preparation method of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A), and further experimental research found that the Bacteroides fragilis extract of the present invention has prevention and treatment.
  • the function of irritable bowel syndrome has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome, and its effect on irritable bowel syndrome is much better than fragile Bacillus itself.
  • the inventors obtained a polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide having a molecular weight of 5 to 70 kD by degrading the Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 70 KD, and unexpectedly found a capsular polysaccharide having a molecular weight of 5 to 70 kD.
  • A has better function in preventing irritable bowel syndrome, and its effect is much better than that of capsular polysaccharide A with molecular weight of 110KD extracted from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A provided by the invention has good control effect on irritable bowel syndrome and has no side effects on the body, and can be used for prophylactic therapeutic treatment alone or together with other probiotics and/or probiotic materials. medicine.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A provided by the invention has good edible and medicinal prospects, and provides a good product for the health care of the human body and the prevention and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
  • Example 1 is a colony characteristic diagram of Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of Example 1;
  • Fig. 2 is a microscopic view of the Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 of Example 1 after Gram staining.
  • Figure 3 is a 1H spectrum of the capsular polysaccharide A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer of Example 1;
  • Figure 4 is a 13C spectrum of the capsular polysaccharide A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer of Example 1;
  • Figure 5 is a COSY spectrum of the capsular polysaccharide A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer of Example 1;
  • Figure 6 is a HSQC spectrum of the capsular polysaccharide A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer of Example 1;
  • Figure 7 is a HMBC spectrum of the capsular polysaccharide A nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer of Example 1;
  • Example 8 is a chemical structural formula of the Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A prepared in Example 1.
  • Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 (bacteroides fragilis ZY-312) used in the following examples was deposited with the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee General Microbiology Center (CGMCC) on April 2, 2015, with the preservation number.
  • CGMCC China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee General Microbiology Center
  • the deposit address is No. 3, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing.
  • the strain was streaked into a blood plate and anaerobic cultured for 48 hours. The colony morphology, staining characteristics, size, club shape and distribution were observed.
  • Bacteroides fragilis ZY-312 showed round micro-convex, translucent, white, smooth surface and no hemolysis after culture for 48 hours on blood plate.
  • the colony diameter was between 1-3 mm, see Figure 1.
  • a single colony was inoculated into tryptone broth for fermentation for 8 hours (temperature 37 ° C), and the resulting bacterial solution was centrifuged at a speed of 3000 r/min, centrifuged for 15 min, and the supernatant was removed to collect the precipitate.
  • step 3 Weigh the mass of the precipitate in step 3), add a certain volume of deionized water to prepare the precipitate into a suspension with a mass concentration of 10%, stir and mix well, add a glacial acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 10%, and heat After boiling for 2 h, the pH was adjusted to 7.0, centrifuged at 15000 g for 20 min, and the supernatant was collected. The resulting supernatant was dialyzed and desalted (10 KD dialysis bag), and lyophilized to obtain a Bacteroides fragilis extract.
  • the capsular polysaccharide A prepared in (2) is degraded, and the degradation methods include, but are not limited to, a chemical degradation method, a physical degradation method, and a biodegradation method.
  • the ultrasonic method is adopted, and the capsular polysaccharide A is treated at 195 kHz and 20 ° C for 3 hours, 2 hours, 0.5 hours, and 0 hours, respectively, and the molecular weights are 2 KD and 5 KD, respectively. 40KD, 70KD capsular polysaccharide A.
  • the capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 110 KD was extracted from Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343 (available from ATCC, USA) using the method of (2).
  • Example 1 In order to verify the effect of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A) provided in Example 1 for preventing/treating irritable bowel syndrome, in this example, 60 C57BL/6 mice were used for the experiment. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were male and female, and each experimental mouse was assigned a unique number. Before grouping animals, the item number, species/line, gender, cage number and animal number should be marked on the label of the cage.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis extract the main component is capsular polysaccharide A
  • mice Each group of mice was intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs, and the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of physiological saline once a day for 5 consecutive days. All C57BL/6 mice were fasted for 24 hours. One hour after the last administration, except for the normal group (Group1), the same amount of normal saline was administered. The other groups of C57BL/6 mice were given 1g/mL senna leaf decoction. . C57BL/6 mice were housed in cages, one cage per cage, filter paper was used to make wet feces count under the cage, and the degree of diarrhea was indicated by wet feces, and the filter paper was changed once every 1 hour. The total number of stools, the total number of loose stools and the number of loose stools were observed and counted within 6 hours.
  • Example 3 Effect of Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A on diarrhea-type IBS induced by castor oil
  • Example 1 In order to verify the effect of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A) provided in Example 1 for preventing/treating irritable bowel syndrome, in this example, 60 C57BL/6 mice were used for the experiment. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were male and female, and each experimental mouse was assigned a unique number. Before the animals are grouped, the item number, species/line, gender, cage number and animal number should be marked on the label of the cage.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis extract the main component is capsular polysaccharide A
  • mice Each group of mice was intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs, and the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of physiological saline once a day for 5 consecutive days. All C57BL/6 mice were fasted for 24 hours. One hour after the last administration, except for the normal group (Group1), the other groups of C57BL/6 mice were given castor oil once (20 mL/kg). . C57BL/6 mice were housed in cages, one cage per cage, filter paper was used to make wet feces count under the cage, and the degree of diarrhea was indicated by wet feces, and the filter paper was changed once every 1 hour. The total number of stools, the total number of loose stools and the number of loose stools were observed and counted within 6 hours.
  • Example 4 Effect of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A on neonatal cerebral hyperfunction induced by neostigmine
  • Example 1 In order to verify the effect of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A) provided in Example 1 in preventing/treating irritable bowel syndrome, 60 C57BL/6 mice were selected for the experiment in this example. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were male and female, and each experimental mouse was assigned a unique number. Before grouping animals, the item number, species/line, gender, cage number and animal number should be marked on the label of the cage.
  • the Bacteroides fragilis extract the main component is capsular polysaccharide A
  • mice Each group of mice was intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs, and the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of physiological saline once a day for 5 consecutive days.
  • the other 5 groups were subcutaneously injected with 0.15 mg/kg of neostigmine, causing hyperintestinal hyperactivity, while the normal group was injected subcutaneously with the same amount of normal saline.
  • each group was intragastrically administrated with a suspension containing 5% activated carbon.
  • the cervical vertebrae were sacrificed. The small intestine was separated by open surgery.
  • neostigmine can cause hyperactivity of the small intestine in mice.
  • the pimecrolamium group can significantly reduce the carbon advancing rate and inhibit the small bowel movement caused by neostigmine.
  • Hyperactivity P ⁇ 0.01
  • medium and high doses of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A also significantly reduced the carbon advancing rate (P ⁇ 0.05), inhibiting neostigmine caused by hyperkinesia in mice.
  • Example 1 In order to verify the effect of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A) provided in Example 1 for preventing/treating constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome, 60 SD rats were used in the present experiment. Sixty SD rats were male and female, and each experimental rat was assigned a unique number. Before grouping animals, the item number, species/line, gender, cage number and animal number should be marked on the label of the cage.
  • BioBook software was randomly divided into 6 groups, namely normal group (Group1), model group (Group2), tegaserod maleate (solution preparation: 1.2 mg tegaspirone maleate) Add 10 ml sterile saline) group (Group 3), Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A low (Group 4), medium (Group 5), high (Group 6) dose group, 10 SD rats per group.
  • This example is exemplified by capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 70 kD.
  • each test group was given the corresponding drugs by intragastric administration, in which the normal group and the model group were given 10 ml of normal temperature sterile saline respectively; the positive control group (Group3) was administered with tegaserod maleate; Group 4 to 6 respectively Low, medium and high doses of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A were given.
  • Table 4 The specific experiments and dosing schedules are shown in Table 4:
  • the number of fecal particles in each group was collected for 24 hours. If there was diarrhea, one contamination blot was used (see Table 5 for details). The collected feces were weighed, dried, and the water content of the feces was calculated (see Table 6 for details).
  • Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A provided by the present invention has a good therapeutic effect on constipation type IBS.
  • Example 1 In order to compare the effect of the Bacteroides fragilis extract (the main component is capsular polysaccharide A) and the Bacteroides fragilis itself provided in Example 1 for preventing/treating irritable bowel syndrome, 60 C57BL/6 mice were used in this example. experiment. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were male and female, and each experimental mouse was assigned a unique number. Before grouping animals, the item number, species/line, gender, cage number and animal number should be marked on the label of the cage. According to the initial weight of C57BL/6 mice, BioBook software was randomly divided into 6 groups, namely, senna-induced diarrhea-type IBS model group (Group1), and castor oil-induced diarrhea-type IBS model group (Group2).
  • Bacillus capsular polysaccharide A treatment group (Group3) for diarrhea-induced diarrhea-type IBS, high-dose Bacteroides fragilis itself (10 10 CFU/ml) for senna-induced diarrhea-type IBS (Group4), high dose Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A for the treatment group of diarrhea-type IBS caused by castor oil (Group 5), and high-dose Bacteroides fragilis itself (10 10 CFU/ml) for the treatment group of diarrhea-type IBS caused by castor oil (Group 6), 10 C57BL/6 mice per group.
  • the capsular polysaccharide A described in this example has a molecular weight of 40 KD and a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL; the concentration of Bacteroides fragilis is 10 10 CFU/ml.
  • mice Each group of mice was intragastrically administered with the corresponding drugs, and the model group (Group1, Group2) was given the same amount of physiological saline once a day for 5 consecutive days. All C57BL/6 mice were fasted for 24 h. At 1 h after the last dose, Group1, Group3 and Group4 C57BL/6 mice were given 1 g/mL Senna leaf decoction, Group2, Group5 and Group6 C57BL/6 mice. Take castor oil once (20mL/kg). C57BL/6 mice were housed in cages, one cage per cage, filter paper was used to make wet feces count under the cage, and the degree of diarrhea was indicated by wet feces, and the filter paper was changed once every 1 hour. The total number of stools, the total number of loose stools and the number of loose stools were observed and counted within 6 hours.
  • Group3 and Group4 are compared with Group1, *P ⁇ 0.05; Group5 and Group6 are respectively compared with Group2, ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05; Group3 is compared with Group4, Group5 is compared with Group6, ⁇ P ⁇ 0.05.
  • Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A provided by the present invention are also better than the Bacteroides fragilis itself for the neoplasms of the small intestine and the constipation type IBS caused by neostigmine.
  • Example 7 Therapeutic effect of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A with different molecular weight on IBS
  • Bacteroides fragilis extract containing 2KD, 5KD, 40KD and 70KD of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A prepared by the method of the present invention was used for preventing/treating the constipation type IBS rat model, and detecting different molecular weights.
  • This example is exemplified by high doses of 2KD, 5KD, 40KD and 70KD of Bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide A.
  • mice were divided into a normal control group, a model group, a 2KD group, a 5KD group, a 40KD group, a 70KD group, and a 110KD group.
  • each test group was given the corresponding drugs by gavage, in which the normal group and the model group were given 10 ml of normal temperature sterile physiological saline respectively;
  • Group 3-7 was given molecular weight of 2KD (Group3), 5KD (Group4), 40KD (Group5) respectively. ), 70KD (Group6) and 110KD (Group7) capsular polysaccharide A, the specific experiment and dosing scheme are shown in Table 7:
  • the number of fecal particles in each group was collected for 24 hours. If there was diarrhea, one contamination blot was used (see Table 8 for details). The collected feces were weighed, dried, and the water content of the feces was calculated (see Table 9 for details).
  • the number of fecal particles in Group 4-7 was significantly increased compared with the 14th day, and the difference was extremely significant (P ⁇ 0.01), which was statistically significant.
  • the B. fragilis capsular polysaccharide A of different molecular weights provided by the present invention can effectively increase the number of fecal particles of constipation-type IBS rats.
  • the number of fecal particles in Group4, Group5 and Group6 was significantly higher than that in Group2 and Group7, and the difference was extremely significant (P ⁇ 0.05). significance.
  • the present invention also proves that the Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 5KD to 70KD has a better effect on reducing the diarrhea index of diarrhea-type IBS than the Bacteroides capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 2KD or 110KD.
  • the capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 110 KD was degraded by using the ultrasonic method described in Example 1 (ultrasonic conditions: 195 kHz, 25 ° C, 0.5 hour), and a capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 70 KD was collected, which was recorded as NCTC 9343.
  • the -70KD group was compared with the capsular polysaccharide A (denoted as ZY-312-70KD group) having a molecular weight of 70 KD extracted from ZY-312, and its therapeutic effect on the constipation type IBS was evaluated.
  • the change of the number of fecal particles and the change of the water content of the feces of the rats are respectively measured, and the specific results are as follows:
  • the capsular polysaccharide A having a molecular weight of 110 KD extracted from the NCTC 9343 strain can be degraded, and the therapeutic effect similar to that of the capsular polysaccharide A extracted from the ZY-312 strain on constipation type IBS can be achieved.
  • Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A provided by the present invention has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on diarrhea-type and constipation-type IBS, and has a two-way regulation effect.

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Abstract

脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用，该脆弱拟杆菌提取物中含有脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。从CGMCCNo.10685脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312提取得到的分子量为5～70KD的荚膜多糖A具有更好的防治肠易激综合征的功能，其效果优于从脆弱拟杆菌NCTC 9343中提取得到的分子量为110KD的荚膜多糖A。

Description

脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及脆弱拟杆菌的应用技术领域，特别是涉及一种脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用。
背景技术
肠易激综合征(IBS)是临床上最常见的一种肠道功能紊乱性疾病，近年来已被公认为是一类具有特殊病理、生理基础的心身疾病，是一组表现为腹痛、腹胀、便秘、腹泻，或便秘与腹泻交替，缺少形态学或生化学异常的综合征。IBS全球发病率很高，各地发病率在10％～15％之间。在西方国家，IBS占家庭保健医生门诊量的12％，占胃肠病门诊的20％～50％。我国出现IBS症状者的比率与国外相同，患者以青年人和中年人为主，年龄在20～50岁之间，50岁以上首次发病者很少见。女性多于男性，男女比例为1:5～1:2，有家族聚集倾向。研究表明，在IBS方面花费的医疗资源相当巨大，不同程度的影响患者的生活质量。
IBS的病因和发病机制现在仍不清楚，可能与饮食、肠道感染及精神心理等因素有关，为多因素综合作用的结果。其临床症状多样，除腹部症状外，还伴有其他症状，故治疗比较困难，常需联合用药。部分患者还存在抑郁、焦虑等精神心理问题，常常需要心理治疗。因此，在治疗IBS时应依据患者症状的严重程度、症状类型及发作频率，遵循个体化的治疗原则，采取综合性的治疗措施。治疗方法和药物的选择应因人而异，包括：基本治疗、心理治疗和药物治疗。目前，治疗IBS的药物主要有以下几种：
一、调节肠道功能的药物，包括止泻剂、解痉药、促动力药和调节内脏敏感性的药物。
止泻剂常用于IBS患者腹泻的治疗。常用药物有洛哌丁胺、地芬诺酯和双八面体蒙脱石。洛哌丁胺(易蒙停)作用于肠壁阿片肽受体，阻止乙酰胆碱和前列腺素释放，抑制肠蠕动，延长肠内容物的滞留时间，增强肠道内水分和离子的吸收，进而缓解腹泻、腹痛等。地芬诺酯(苯乙哌啶)作用于肠道平滑肌，增加肠节段性收缩，延长肠内容物与肠黏膜接触时间。双八面体蒙脱石(思密达)可以吸收水分和致病菌，提高消化道黏膜保护力，促进黏膜修复，同时它还可以调整和恢复结肠运动功能，降低结肠的敏感性。
解痉药常用于IBS患者腹痛、腹胀的治疗。按其主要作用机制可分为3类，即抗胆碱能药物、平滑肌松弛剂和钙通道阻滞剂，其中许多药物有多重药理作用。
抗胆碱能类药包括阿托品、山莨菪碱、颠茄等。因其有阿托品样不良反应，限制了其临床应用。近年来开发的肠道M3选择性胆碱受体拮抗剂可抑制餐后肠道的运动，有望用于IBS的治疗。
平滑肌松弛剂包括罂粟碱类药物(罂粟碱、双环维林、美贝维林)和多离子通道调节剂(曲美布汀)。罂粟碱类药物可直接作用于平滑肌细胞和某些肠道兴奋性神经元，抑制兴奋性神经递质的释放。曲美布汀通过抑制细胞膜钾离子通道，产生去极化，从而提高平滑肌细胞的兴奋性；另一方面通过阻断钙离子通道，抑制钙离子内流，从而抑制细胞收缩，使胃肠道平滑肌松弛。此外，曲美布汀对平滑肌神经受体也具有双向调节作用：在低运动状态下作用 于肾上腺素能受体，抑制去甲肾上腺素的释放，增加运动节律；在运动亢进时，作用于胆碱能受体及阿片受体，抑制乙酰胆碱释放，从而抑制平滑肌运动。
钙离子拮抗剂是选择性作用于结肠钙离子通道，阻断钙内流，发挥对平滑肌的松弛作用，抑制胃结肠反射，对便秘和腹泻都有调节作用，对腹痛也有一定的疗效，如匹维溴胺、奥替溴胺。
促动力药常用于IBS患者便秘的治疗。5-羟色胺(5-HT)是胃肠道及中枢的重要递质，具有广泛的生物学效应，人体中95％的5-HT分布于胃肠道，并且肠黏膜上分布有多种5-HT受体和5-HT转运体。近年来，5-HT4受体在胃肠动力和内脏感觉调节中的重要作用受到重视，它具有促进胃肠动力、降低胃肠敏感性及促进氯离子和水分子分泌的作用，因而成为治疗功能性胃肠病的新靶点。5-HT4受体激动剂西沙必利可促进肠肌间神经节后胆碱能神经释放乙酰胆碱，具有全胃肠道的促动力作用。但因该药可能引起QT间期延长，故应慎用。替加色罗又名泽马可，是新的5-HT4受体激动剂，部分选择性作用于胃肠道5-HT4受体亚型，对以便秘为主的IBS患者具有加速小肠及结肠传输的作用。近期研究还证实，替加色罗对内脏感觉性具有调节作用，且没有心血管不良反应，是一种安全有效的新药。
调节内脏敏感性的药物包括5-HT3受体拮抗剂和5-HT4受体激动剂。内脏敏感性增高被认为是IBS病理、生理的重要特征之一。有研究表明，61％的IBS患者存在内脏感觉异常，改善内脏感觉是IBS治疗中令人感兴趣的途径，临床研究和动物实验研究显示一些药物对增高的内脏敏感性具有调节作用。
5-HT3受体存在于肠神经元中，通过释放于局部的5-HT促进肠道的运动、分泌以及引起内脏痛觉刺激。对IBS患者，尤其是内脏痛觉阈下降而伴腹痛者，可试用5-HT3受体拮抗剂。如阿洛斯琼主要抑制肠神经系统中非选择性离子通道的5-HT3受体，并抑制内脏反射，近来主要用于经传统治疗无效的严重腹泻型女性IBS患者。其他还有恩丹西酮、格尼西酮等。
5-HT4受体激动剂替加色罗具有促动力和降低内脏感觉敏感性的双重作用，适用于伴有明显腹痛症状的便秘型IBS患者。人体研究报道，替加色罗可降低直肠球囊扩张伤害刺激的反应，改善人体的内脏感觉。
二、通便剂：对便秘型患者除5-HT4受体激动剂外，还可选用通便剂。目前认为应慎用或尽量避免应用刺激性泻剂，而提倡应用膨胀性泻剂。膨胀性泻剂如柳叶车前草等，可增加粪便的容量和水分，促进排便。渗透性缓泻剂聚乙二醇通过氢键结合水分子，增加粪便含水量并软化粪便，促进排便。因其不被吸收，毒性极小，适用于大便干燥的患者。乳果糖在结肠内经细菌分解形成乳酸及醋酸，调节肠腔内环境，促进肠管蠕动，该药更适用于老年人。
三、改善中枢情感的药物：IBS患者常伴有精神心理障碍，对IBS的药物治疗应包括抗抑郁、抗焦虑治疗。抗抑郁药有三环类抗抑郁药，如阿米替林和选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂，如氟西汀和帕罗西汀。其中，氟西汀治疗IBS有以下4个方面的作用:精神心理学的改善可诱导胃肠症状的缓解；调节内脏胃肠痛觉的5-HT递质活性及其受体对胃肠道动力的作用；潜在的中枢止痛作用；阻止了心理障碍和生理异常之间的恶性循环。对伴有严重焦虑精神症状的IBS患者，在治疗中可考虑配合抗焦虑药物治疗。
四、中药：国内一些临床观察证实，有些中药可有效缓解IBS患者的腹痛、腹泻及便秘症状。
五、微生态制剂：近年来，肠道菌群紊乱与IBS的关系受到重视。有研究表明，一部分患者的发病与肠道菌群失调有关，给患者补充益生菌可不同程度地改善患者的症状。其作用机制尚不十分清楚，一般认为有生物化学性抑制或促进作用、营养竞争、免疫清除和黏附受体竞争等。但是常用的益生菌制剂的种类并不多，主要包括双歧三联活菌、双歧四联活菌等。
目前，对于IBS尚缺乏非常有效的治疗手段，IBS尚不能完全治愈。有必要研究新型的能够治疗IBS的有效药物。
脆弱拟杆菌(Bacteroides fragilis)是革兰氏阴性厌氧细菌中拟杆菌属的成员，属于拟杆菌门，完全不同于厚壁菌门的双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等。拟杆菌属有25个菌种，仅来自人类的有10个菌种，仅来自动物的有10个菌种，来自人和动物的有5个菌种。脆弱拟杆菌是一种专性厌氧细菌，依培养基的不同和生长阶段的不同，菌体形态呈现多形性，一般条件下菌体为杆状、两端钝圆、着色深，中间色浅且不均匀，有荚膜、无芽胞、无动力，有些有空泡，菌体长短不一。依据能否合成、分泌脆弱拟杆菌肠毒素(BFT)可将其分为产肠毒素型脆弱拟杆菌(Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis，ETBF)和非产肠毒素型脆弱拟杆菌(NontoxigenicBacteroides fragilis，NTBF)。脆弱拟杆菌作为人及动物肠道正常菌群的一部分，主要存在于结肠中。此外，呼吸道、胃肠道及泌尿生殖道粘膜也可定植生长。脆弱拟杆菌作为一种条件致病菌，当宿主粘膜受损时，可侵犯粘膜下层，引起感染，也可经血液流动，引起身体其它器官，如肠道、腹腔、肝、肺、脑组织、软组织、骨髓等的化脓性感染并伴发脓肿。
发明内容
基于此，本发明提供了一种脆弱拟杆菌(bacteroides fragilis)提取物的新应用。具体技术方案如下：
脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中含有脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为5～75KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为15KD～65KD；
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为25KD～55KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为35KD～45KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的含量为60-75wt％。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌为保藏编号为CGMCC No.10685的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将发酵培养后的脆弱拟杆菌菌液离心沉淀，收集第一沉淀物，取所述第一沉淀物加入65-72℃的水，溶解后再加入苯酚溶液，保持65-72℃搅拌25-35min，离心，收集第一上清 液；
(2)将步骤(1)中收集的第一上清液用乙醚萃取去除苯酚，再去除残留的乙醚，收集水相溶液；
(3)在步骤(2)中收集到的水相溶液中加入无水乙醇至乙醇的终浓度为75-85v/v％，醇沉，离心，收集第二沉淀物，
(4)取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成混悬液，再调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(1)中在所述第一沉淀物中加入的水、所述苯酚溶液以及所述第一沉淀物的配比为3-5mL：3-5mL：1g；所述苯酚溶液的质量浓度为70-80％。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(3)所述醇沉为在0-8℃的温度下醇沉8-16小时。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(4)包括：取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成质量浓度为8-12％的混悬液，再加入质量浓度为8-12％的冰乙酸水溶液，加热至沸，搅拌反应1.5-2.5小时，调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法还包括降解的步骤：将步骤(4)中得到的脆弱拟杆菌提取物通过超声的方法进行降解，所述超声的条件为：180-210kHz，15-25℃。
在其中一些实施例中，所述药物的剂型包括丸剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液或管饲制剂。所述药物包括人用药或动物用药，可用于人或动物。
所述的脆弱拟杆菌提取物可以单独进行预防性或治疗性给药，也可以与其它益生菌和/或益生材料一起给药。组合给药时，可以以单一制剂或分开的制剂，同时或不同时，使用相同或不同的给药途径进行给药。
所述食品包括奶粉、干酪、凝乳、酸奶酪、冰激凌或发酵谷类食品。所述食品还可以是动物食品，比如饲料等。所述食品还可以为婴儿食品或宠物食品。
本发明还提供了一种防治肠易激综合征的脆弱拟杆菌提取物或者药物或者食品。具体技术方案如下：
一种防治肠易激综合征的脆弱拟杆菌提取物或者药物或者食品，所述药物或食品中含有脆弱拟杆菌提取物，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中含有脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为5～75KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为15KD～65KD；
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为25KD～55KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为35KD～45KD。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的含量为60-75wt％。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌为保藏编号为CGMCC No.10685的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将发酵培养后的脆弱拟杆菌菌液离心沉淀，收集第一沉淀物，取所述第一沉淀物加入65-72℃的水，溶解后再加入苯酚溶液，保持65-72℃搅拌25-35min，离心，收集第一上清液；
(2)将步骤(1)中收集的第一上清液用乙醚萃取去除苯酚，再去除残留的乙醚，收集水相溶液；
(3)在步骤(2)中收集到的水相溶液中加入无水乙醇至乙醇的终浓度为75-85v/v％，醇沉，离心，收集第二沉淀物；
(4)取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成混悬液，再调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(1)中在所述第一沉淀物中加入的水、所述苯酚溶液以及所述第一沉淀物的配比为3-5mL：3-5mL：1g；所述苯酚溶液的质量浓度为70-80％。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(3)所述醇沉为在0-8℃的温度下醇沉8-16小时。
在其中一些实施例中，步骤(4)包括：取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成质量浓度为8-12％的混悬液，再加入质量浓度为8-12％的冰乙酸水溶液，加热至沸，搅拌反应1.5-2.5小时，调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
在其中一些实施例中，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法还包括降解的步骤：将步骤(4)中得到的脆弱拟杆菌提取物通过超声的方法进行降解，所述超声的条件为：180-210kHz，15-25℃。
在其中一些实施例中，所述药物的剂型包括丸剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊、口服液或管饲制剂。所述药物包括人用药或动物用药，可用于人或动物。
所述药物中可包含以下药物可接受的辅料中的一种或多种：稀释剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、包衣剂和增溶剂等。药物可接受的辅料的实例包括：水、盐溶液、醇、硅酮、蜡、凡士林、植物油、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、脂质体、糖类、明胶、乳糖、直链淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、表面活性剂、硅酸、粘性石蜡、芳香油、单脂肪酸甘油酯和二脂肪酸甘油酯、石化(petroethral)脂肪酸酯、羟甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。
所述药物可以通过以下任何一种或多种方式给药：以微型泵或鼻腔喷雾剂或吸入型气雾剂等进行吸入给药，以栓剂或阴道栓剂的形式给药，以洗剂、溶液剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂或喷粉的形式局部给药，通过使用皮肤贴剂给药，以含有诸如淀粉或乳糖的赋形剂的片剂的形式或者以单独或与赋形剂混合在胶囊或卵状小体中的形式口服给药，或以含有调味剂或着色剂的酏剂、溶液剂或混悬剂形式给药，或者以肠胃外注射，例如海绵体内、静脉内、肌内或皮下注射给药。肠胃外注射给药时，所述药物最好以无菌水溶液形式使用，其可以含有其它物质，例如足够的盐或单糖以使得该溶液与血液等渗。含服或舌下给药时，所述药物可以以常规方法配制的片剂或锭剂的形式给药。
所述食品包括奶粉、干酪、凝乳、酸奶酪、冰激凌或发酵谷类食品。所述食品还可以是 动物食品，比如饲料等。所述食品还可以为婴儿食品或宠物食品。
本发明的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312，已于2015年4月2日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC)，其保藏编号为CGMCC No.10685，保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
本发明的发明人经过长期经验积累以及大量创造性实验研究，获得了脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)的制备方法，通过进一步实验研究发现本发明的脆弱拟杆菌提取物具有防治肠易激综合征的功能，对腹泻型肠易激综合征和便秘型肠易激综合征均有很好的预防和治疗作用，且其对肠易激综合征的防治效果远好于脆弱拟杆菌本身。进一步地，发明人通过对分子量为70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A进行降解，获得了分子量为5～70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A，并且意外地发现分子量为5～70KD的荚膜多糖A具有更好的防治肠易激综合征的功能，其效果远好于从脆弱拟杆菌NCTC 9343中提取得到分子量为110KD的荚膜多糖A。本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对肠易激综合征的防治效果好且对机体没有副作用，可以单独进行预防性可治疗性给药，或者与其它益生菌和/或益生材料一起给药。本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A具有很好的食用和药用前景，为临床提供了一种适合人体服食的保健和防治肠易激综合征的良品。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312的菌落特征图；
图2为实施例1的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312进行革兰氏染色后的显微镜观察图。
图3为实施例1的荚膜多糖A核磁共振波谱仪分析的1H谱；
图4为实施例1的荚膜多糖A核磁共振波谱仪分析的13C谱；
图5为实施例1的荚膜多糖A核磁共振波谱仪分析的COSY谱；
图6为实施例1的荚膜多糖A核磁共振波谱仪分析的HSQC谱；
图7为实施例1的荚膜多糖A核磁共振波谱仪分析的HMBC谱图；
图8为实施例1制备得到的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的化学结构式。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明，这些实施例仅用来说明本发明，并不限制本发明的范围。
以下实施例中所用的脆弱拟杆菌为脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312(bacteroides fragilis ZY-312)，于2015年4月2日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC)，其保藏编号为CGMCC No.10685，保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
实施例1脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备
(1)脆弱拟杆菌的发酵培养
将菌种划线接种于血平皿，厌氧培养48h。观察菌落形态特征、染色特性、大小、球杆状和分布情况等。
菌落特征：脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312在血平皿上培养48h后，呈现圆形微凸、半透明、白色、表面光滑、不溶血，菌落直径在1-3mm之间，参见图1。
显微镜下形态：脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312进行革兰氏染色镜检，为革兰阴性细菌，呈现典型的杆状，两端钝圆而浓染，菌体中间不着色部分形如空泡，参见图2。
选取单个菌落接种于胰蛋白胨肉汤中进行发酵培养8小时(温度为37℃)，所得菌液离心沉淀，转速3000r/min，离心15min，去上清，收集沉淀物。
(2)脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备
1)取脆弱拟杆菌菌泥(上述步骤(1)获得的沉淀物)200g，加入68℃超纯水750mL，溶解后，再加入体积分数为75％苯酚溶液750mL，混合均匀，保持68℃搅拌萃取30min，15000g离心20min，取上层清液。
2)上层清液用等体积乙醚(1.5L)萃取去除苯酚，收集上层清液，重复萃取至无苯酚残留。水浴加热去除乙醚，收集水相。
3)水相15000g离心20min后测定体积，加入无水乙醇，至乙醇终浓度为80％(体积分数)，4℃醇沉过夜(12小时)，15000g离心20min，取沉淀。
4)称量步骤3)中的沉淀的质量，加入一定体积的去离子水将沉淀配制成质量浓度为10％的混悬液，搅拌混合均匀，加入质量浓度为10％的冰乙酸水溶液，加热至沸，持续搅拌反应2h后，调节pH至7.0，15000g离心20min，收集上清液。将所得上清液透析除盐(10KD透析袋)，冷冻干燥，得到脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
5)称量30mg步骤4)所述的脆弱拟杆菌提取物，溶于0.5mL D 2O，加入1μl丙酮(1H，2.22；13C，30.89)定标。采用500 MHz Bruker核磁共振波谱仪分析1H、13C、COSY、HSQC、HMBC谱(图3-图7)，确证步骤4)收集的脆弱拟杆菌提取物为荚膜多糖A，纯度约为70％。通过GPC(凝胶渗透色谱)分析，结果显示上述荚膜多糖A的重复单元分子量为781，单元重复数目n值为89，分子量约为70KD，分子式为-[C 31N 3O 20H 47] 91-，化学结构见图8。
(3)不同分子量大小荚膜多糖A的制备
本实施例通过对(2)中制备的荚膜多糖A进行降解，所述的降解方法包括但不限于化学降解法、物理降解法和生物降解法。本实施例采用超声的方法，所述超声方法为将荚膜多糖A于195 kHz，20℃的条件分别处理3小时、2小时、0.5小时和0小时，分别收集得到分子量大小为2KD、5KD、40KD、70KD的荚膜多糖A。使用(2)的方法从脆弱拟杆菌NCTC 9343(购自美国ATCC)中提取得到分子量为110KD的荚膜多糖A。
实施例2脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶致腹泻型IBS的影响
一、实验设计
为了验证实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)对于预防/治疗肠易激综合征的效果，本实施例选用60只C57BL/6小鼠进行实验。60只C57BL/6小鼠雌雄各半，每只实验用小鼠均分配有一个唯一编号。在对动物进行分组之前，应在鼠笼的标签上标注项目编号、种属/品系、性别、笼号及动物号。使用BioBook软件根据C57BL/6小鼠的初始体重进行随机分组，分为6组，即正常组(Group1)，模型组(Group2)，洛哌丁胺胶囊组(2. 4mg/kg)(Group3)，脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A低(Group4)、中(Group5)、高(Group6)剂量组，每组C57BL/6小鼠10只。本实施例以分子量为5KD的荚膜多糖A为例。
给每组小鼠灌胃给予相应的药物，正常组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水，每天1次，连续5天。所有C57BL/6小鼠禁食24h，于末次给药后1h，除正常组(Group1)灌服等量生理盐水外，其余各组C57BL/6小鼠灌服1g/mL番泻叶水煎剂。将C57BL/6小鼠分笼饲养，每笼1只，笼下垫有滤纸做湿粪计数，以湿粪多少表示腹泻程度，每隔1h换滤纸1次。观察并统计6h内小鼠的总便数、稀便总数及稀便级数。
二、评判标准
按照周氏法确定稀便级数(周干南，胡芝华，汪亚先，等.小鼠腹泻模型的制备与腹泻指数的应用[J].中草药，1994，250(4):195-196.)。污迹直径＜lcm为1级，1～1.9cm为2级，2～3cm为3级，＞3cm为4级。每只动物的稀便率(％)＝稀便总数/总便数×100％，腹泻指数(ID)＝稀便率×稀便级数。
三、结果与分析
所有数据均以x±s表示，应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，P＜0.05为有统计意义。具体结果如表1所示。
表1脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶所致小鼠腹泻型IBS的影响
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000002
注:与正常组比较，*P＜0.01；与模型组比较，▲P＜0.01。
从表1结果可见，模型组(Group2)与正常组(Group1)的稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01)，说明番泻叶所致小鼠腹泻IBS模型造模成功。与模型组比较，洛哌丁胺组及实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的低、中、高剂量组能显著抑制小鼠腹泻的程度(P＜0.01)，表明本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶所致的腹泻型IBS有明显的抑制作用。
实施例3脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致腹泻型IBS的影响
一、实验设计
为了验证实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)对于预防/治疗肠易激综合征的效果，本实施例选用60只C57BL/6小鼠进行实验。60只C57BL/6小鼠雌雄各半，每只实验用小鼠均分配有一个唯一编号。在对动物进行分组之前，应在鼠笼的标签上标 注项目编号、种属/品系、性别、笼号及动物号。使用BioBook软件根据C57BL/6小鼠的初始体重进行随机分组，分为6组，即正常组(Group1)，模型组(Group2)，洛哌丁胺胶囊组(2.4mg/kg)(Group3)，脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A低(Group4)、中(Group5)、高(Group6)剂量组，每组C57BL/6小鼠10只。本实施例以分子量为40KD的荚膜多糖A为例。
给每组小鼠灌胃给予相应的药物，正常组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水，每天1次，连续5天。所有C57BL/6小鼠禁食24h，于末次给药后1h，除正常组(Group1)灌服等量生理盐水外，其余各组C57BL/6小鼠灌服蓖麻油1次(20mL/kg)。将C57BL/6小鼠分笼饲养，每笼1只，笼下垫有滤纸做湿粪计数，以湿粪多少表示腹泻程度，每隔1h换滤纸1次。观察并统计6h内小鼠的总便数、稀便总数及稀便级数。
二、评判标准
同实施例2的评判标准。
三、结果与分析
所有数据均以
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000003
表示，应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，P＜0.05为有统计意义。具体结果如表2所示。
表2脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻型IBS的影响
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000005
注:与正常组比较，*P＜0.01；与模型组比较，▲P＜0.01。
从表2结果可见，模型组(Group2)与正常组(Group1)的稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01)，说明蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻IBS模型造模成功。与模型组比较，洛哌丁胺组能够显著抑制蓖麻油所致腹泻小鼠的6h稀便总数、稀便率和腹泻指数(P＜0.05)。低剂量(0.125g/kg)的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A与模型组比较，6h稀便总数、稀便率和腹泻指数具有一定的抑制作用，但无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；但在中、高剂量中，脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A能够显著抑制蓖麻油所致腹泻小鼠的6h稀便总数、稀便率和腹泻指数(P＜0.05)。
实施例4脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对新斯的明所致小鼠小肠运动机能亢进的影响
一、实验设计
为了验证实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)在预防/治疗肠易激综合征的效果，本实施例选用60只C57BL/6小鼠进行实验。60只C57BL/6小鼠雌雄各半， 每只实验用小鼠均分配有一个唯一编号。在对动物进行分组之前，应在鼠笼的标签上标注项目编号、种属/品系、性别、笼号及动物号。使用BioBook软件根据C57BL/6小鼠的初始体重进行随机分组，分为6组，即正常组(Group1)，模型组(Group2)，匹维溴铵(0.1g/kg)组(Group3)，脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A低(Group4)、中(Group5)、高(Group6)剂量组，每组C57BL/6小鼠10只。本实施例以分子量为70KD的荚膜多糖A为例。
给每组小鼠灌胃给予相应的药物，正常组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水，每天1次，连续5天。末次给药后1h，除正常组外，其余5组均皮下注射新斯的明0.15mg/kg，造成小肠亢奋，而正常组皮下注射等量生理盐水。15min后，各组均用含5％活性碳末的混悬液灌胃，20min后脱颈椎处死，开腹分离小肠，测量小肠总长度及碳末推进的小肠长度，并计算碳末推进百分率。碳末推进百分率＝(碳末推进的小肠长度/小肠总长度)×100％。
二、结果与分析
所有数据均以
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000006
表示，应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，P＜0.05为有统计意义。具体结果如表3所示。
表3脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻型IBS的影响
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000008
注:与正常组比较，*P＜0.01；与模型组比较，▲P＜0.01。
从表3可以看出，新斯的明可以引起小鼠小肠运动机能亢进，与模型组比较，匹维溴铵组能够显著降低碳末推进率，抑制新斯的明所致的小鼠小肠运动机能亢进(P＜0.01)；中、高剂量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A也能显著降低碳末推进率(P＜0.05)，抑制新斯的明所致的小鼠小肠运动机能亢进。
实施例5脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对便秘型IBS的影响
一、实验设计
为了验证实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)对于预防/治疗便秘型肠易激综合征的效果，本实施例选用60只SD大鼠进行实验。60只SD大鼠雌雄各半，每只实验用大鼠均分配有一个唯一编号。在对动物进行分组之前，应在鼠笼的标签上标注项目编号、种属/品系、性别、笼号及动物号。使用BioBook软件根据SD大鼠的初始体重进行 随机分为6组，即正常组(Group1)，模型组(Group2)，马来酸替加色罗(溶液配制：1.2mg马来酸替加色罗加入10ml无菌生理盐水)组(Group3)，脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A低(Group4)、中(Group5)、高(Group6)剂量组，每组SD大鼠10只。本实施例以分子量为70KD的荚膜多糖A为例。
按照(Peng L H,Yang Y S,Sun G,et al.A new model of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in rats[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2004,12(1):112-116.)的方法构建SD大鼠便秘型IBS模型。除正常组(Group1)外，其余各组每日均以冰生理盐水(0～4℃)灌胃一次，每次2ml，连续14天，建立便秘型大鼠IBS模型。造模期间各组大鼠可自由饮食饮水。
第14天后，各试验组灌胃给予相应的药物，其中正常组和模型组分别给予10ml的常温无菌生理盐水；阳性对照组(Group3)灌胃马来酸替加色罗；Group4～6分别给予低、中和高剂量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A，具体实验和给药方案见表4：
                           表4实验分组及给药方案
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000010
二、结果与分析
分别于第1天，第14天和第28天收集各组大鼠24小时粪便颗粒数，如有腹泻，以一个污染印迹为一颗(详见表5)。收集到的粪便称重，烘干，计算粪便含水量(详见表6)。
            表5 SD大鼠24h粪便颗粒数变化情况(颗)
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000011
试验组 第1天 第14天 第28天
Group1 49.13±6.34 48.53±6.48 48.10±5.43 ◆
Group2 47.37±5.27 33.07±5.32 *▲ 32.44±6.23
Group3 48.22±7.34 32.46±5.72 *▲ 47.43±6.35 ★◆
Group4 47.78±5.39 32.73±4.39 *▲ 40.04±7.94 ★◆
Group5 48.05±7.91 34.07±5.83 *▲ 43.90±8.06 ★◆
Group6 47.88±6.54 33.77±5.60 *▲ 49.03±5.71 ★◆
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.01；第14天，Group2～6与正常对照组比，▲P＜0.01；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.01；第28天，各实验组与模型组比较，◆P＜0.01。
                 表6 SD大鼠粪便含水量变化情况
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000012
试验组 第1天 第14天 第28天
Group1 0.51±0.04 0.49±0.08 0.48±0.07 ◆
Group2 0.47±0.07 0.39±0.04 *▲ 0.35±0.06
Group3 0.48±0.08 0.37±0.07 *▲ 0.56±0.06 ★◆
Group4 0.49±0.10 0.38±0.09 *▲ 0.44±0.07 ★◆
Group5 0.46±0.05 0.40±0.05 *▲ 0.47±0.05 ★◆
Group6 0.47±0.06 0.39±0.06 *▲ 0.53±0.09 ★◆
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.05；第14天，Group2～6与正常对照组比，▲P＜0.05；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.05；第28天，各实验组与模型组比较，◆P＜0.05。
从表5可见，Group1～6中，各组大鼠第一天24小时粪便颗粒数的差别不大；除正常组外，其余各组大鼠第14天的粪便颗粒数与第一天的相比，均明显减少，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；第14天，Group2～6与正常组(Group1)的粪便颗粒数相比，均明显减少，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，说明本实施例成功构建了便秘型IBS大鼠模型。第28天，Group2～6的粪便颗粒数与第14天的相比明显增加，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。说明本发明提供的低、中、高剂量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A均可有效增加便秘型的IBS大鼠的粪便颗粒数。
从表6可见，Group1～6中，各组大鼠第一天24小时粪便含水量差别不大；除正常组外，其余各组大鼠第14天的粪便含水量与第一天的相比，均明显减少，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，第14天，Group2～6与正常组(Group1)的粪便含水量相比，均明显减少，差别具 有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。第28天，Group2～6的粪便含水量与第14天的相比明显增加，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。说明本发明提供的低、中、高剂量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A均可有效增加便秘型的IBS大鼠的粪便含水量。
从上述结果可以看出，本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对便秘型的IBS具有很好的治疗效果。
实施例6脆弱拟杆菌与脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的治疗效果
一、实验设计
为了比较实施例1提供的脆弱拟杆菌提取物(主要成分为荚膜多糖A)和脆弱拟杆菌本身对于预防/治疗肠易激综合征的效果，本实施例选用60只C57BL/6小鼠进行实验。60只C57BL/6小鼠雌雄各半，每只实验用小鼠均分配有一个唯一编号。在对动物进行分组之前，应在鼠笼的标签上标注项目编号、种属/品系、性别、笼号及动物号。使用BioBook软件根据C57BL/6小鼠的初始体重进行随机分组，分为6组，即番泻叶致腹泻型IBS模型组(Group1)，蓖麻油致腹泻型IBS模型组(Group2)高剂量脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶致腹泻型IBS的治疗组(Group3)、高剂量脆弱拟杆菌本身(10 10 CFU/ml)对番泻叶致腹泻型IBS的治疗组(Group4)、高剂量脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致腹泻型IBS的治疗组(Group5)，以及高剂量脆弱拟杆菌本身(10 10 CFU/ml)对蓖麻油致腹泻型IBS的治疗组(Group6)，每组C57BL/6小鼠10只。本实施例所述的荚膜多糖A的分子量为40KD，浓度为0.5mg/mL；脆弱拟杆菌的浓度为10 10 CFU/ml。
给每组小鼠灌胃给予相应的药物，模型组(Group1、Group2)给予等量的生理盐水，每天1次，连续5天。所有C57BL/6小鼠禁食24h，于末次给药后1h，Group1、Group3和Group4 C57BL/6小鼠灌服1g/mL番泻叶水煎剂，Group2、Group5和Group6 C57BL/6小鼠灌服蓖麻油1次(20mL/kg)。将C57BL/6小鼠分笼饲养，每笼1只，笼下垫有滤纸做湿粪计数，以湿粪多少表示腹泻程度，每隔1h换滤纸1次。观察并统计6h内小鼠的总便数、稀便总数及稀便级数。
二、评判标准
同实施例2的评判标准。
三、结果与分析
所有数据均以
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000013
表示，应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析，组间比较采用单因素方差分析，P＜0.05为有统计意义。具体结果如表6所示。
表6脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对小鼠腹泻型IBS的影响
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000016
注：Group3、Group4分别与Group1相比，*P＜0.05；Group5、Group6分别与Group2， ▲P＜0.05；Group3与Group4相比，Group5与Group6相比， ★P＜0.05。
从表6结果可见，Group3和Group4与模型组(Group1)的稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，说明脆弱拟杆菌本身和脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶所致小鼠腹泻IBS均有治疗和预防作用。Group5和Group6与模型组(Group2)的稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.01)，说明脆弱拟杆菌本身和脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻IBS均有治疗和预防作用。与Group4相比，Group3稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数均要小，有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，说明脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对番泻叶所致小鼠腹泻IBS的治疗和预防作用要比脆弱拟杆菌本身好；与Group6相比，Group5稀便总数、稀便率、腹泻指数均要小，有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，说明脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对蓖麻油所致小鼠腹泻的IBS治疗和预防作用要比脆弱拟杆菌本身好。
通过实验还证明，对于新斯的明所致小鼠小肠运动机能亢进和便秘型IBS，本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的治疗和预防作用同样要比脆弱拟杆菌本身好。
实施例7不同分子量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对IBS的治疗效果
本实施例分别使用本发明实施例1制备得到的含有2KD、5KD、40KD和70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的脆弱拟杆菌提取物对便秘型IBS大鼠模型进行预防/治疗，检测不同分子量的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对便秘型IBS的治疗效果。本实施例以高剂量的2KD、5KD、40KD和70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A为例。
一、实验设计
参照实施例5的实验分组方法，将小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、2KD组、5KD组、40KD组、70KD组以及110KD组。
按照(Peng L H,Yang Y S,Sun G,et al.A new model of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in rats[J].World Chinese Journal of Digestology,2004,12(1):112-116.)的方法构建SD大鼠便秘型IBS模型。除正常组(Group1)外，其余各组每日均以冰生理盐水(0～4℃)灌胃一次，每次2ml，连续14天，建立便秘型大鼠IBS模型。造模期间各组大鼠可自由饮食饮水。
第14天后，各试验组灌胃给予相应的药物，其中正常组和模型组分别给予10ml的常温无菌生理盐水；Group3～7分别给予分子量为2KD(Group3)、5KD(Group4)、40KD(Group5)、70KD(Group6)以及110KD(Group7)的荚膜多糖A，具体实验和给药方案见表7：
                         表7实验分组及给药方案
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000017
二、结果与分析
分别于第1天，第14天和第28天收集各组大鼠24小时粪便颗粒数，如有腹泻，以一个污染印迹为一颗(详见表8)。收集到的粪便称重，烘干，计算粪便含水量(详见表9)。
           表8 SD大鼠24h粪便颗粒数变化情况(颗)
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000018
试验组 第1天 第14天 第28天
Group1 49.35±5.47 48.60±6.08 49.00±5.51 ◆
Group2 48.39±5.27 32.20±3.12 *▲ 31.48±5.93
Group3 48.22±4.83 32.54±2.99 *▲ 35.07±5.46 ★◆
Group4 48.50±6.94 32.06±6.02 *▲ 45.83±5.95 ★◆
Group5 48.35±6.03 31.43±5.39 *▲ 46.04±6.91 ★◆
Group6 48.16±6.81 33.17±5.03 *▲ 47.90±7.17 ★◆
Group7 47.92±5.97 32.93±5.72 *▲ 41.03±6.03 ★◆
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.01；第14天，Group2～7与正常对照组比，▲P＜0.01；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.01；第28天，各实验组与模型组比较，◆P＜0.01。
                  表9 SD大鼠粪便含水量变化情况
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000019
试验组 第1天 第14天 第28天
Group1 0.50±0.03 0.48±0.05 0.49±0.08 ◆
Group2 0.49±0.06 0.37±0.04 *▲ 0.34±0.05
Group3 0.48±0.08 0.38±0.07 *▲ 0.41±0.07 ★◆
Group4 0.48±0.07 0.36±0.06 *▲ 0.54±0.08 ★◆
Group5 0.49±0.09 0.37±0.10 *▲ 0.53±0.06 ★◆
Group6 0.48±0.08 0.39±0.08 *▲ 0.55±0.09 ★◆
Group7 0.47±0.08 0.38±0.05 *▲ 0.45±0.08 ★◆
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.05；第14天，Group2～6与正常对照组比，▲P＜0.05；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.05；第28天，各实验组与模型组比较，◆P＜0.05。
从表8可见，Group1～7中，各组大鼠第一天24小时粪便颗粒数的差别不大；除正常组(Group1)外，其余各组大鼠第14天的粪便颗粒数与第一天的相比，均明显减少，差异极显著(P＜0.01)，具有统计学意义；第14天，Group2～7与正常组(Group1)的粪便颗粒数相比，均明显减少，差异极显著(P＜0.01)，具有统计学意义。说明本实施例成功构建了便秘型IBS大鼠模型。第28天，除Group3外，Group4～7的粪便颗粒数与第14天的相比明显增加，差异极显著(P＜0.01)，具有统计学意义。说明本发明提供的不同分子量的的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A可有效增加便秘型的IBS大鼠的粪便颗粒数。同时，通过对28天的Group3～7之间的粪便颗粒数进行比较发现的，Group4、Group5和Group6的粪便颗粒数明显比Group2、Group7要多，差异极显著(P＜0.05)，具有统计学意义。
从表9可见，Group1～7中，各组大鼠第一天24小时粪便含水量差别不大；除正常组外，其余各组大鼠第14天的粪便含水量与第一天的相比，均明显减少，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)，第14天，Group2～7与正常组(Group1)的粪便含水量相比，均明显减少，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。第28天，除Group3外，Group4～7的粪便含水量与第14天的相比明显增加，差别具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。同时，通过对28天的Group3～7之间的粪便含水量进行比较发现，Group4、Group5和Group6的粪便含水量明显比Group3、Group7多，差异极显著(P＜0.05)，具有统计学意义。
以上结果说明本发明提供的分子量为5KD～70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A均可有效增加便秘型的IBS大鼠的粪便颗粒数和粪便含水量，对便秘型的IBS具有很好的治疗效果。同时也说明，通过对脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A进行降解，降低荚膜多糖A的分子量和黏度，可增强其对便秘型肠易激综合征的治疗效果。
同时，本发明还通过实验证明了分子量为5KD～70KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对于降低腹泻型IBS的腹泻指数的效果也远好于分子量为2KD或110KD的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。
实施例8不同脆弱拟杆菌菌株荚膜多糖A对便秘型的IBS的疗效
本实施例使用实施例1记载的超声方法对分子量为110KD的荚膜多糖A进行降解（超声条件：195kHz，25℃，0.5小时），并收集分子量为70KD的荚膜多糖A，记为NCTC 9343-70KD组，并与从ZY-312中提取得到的分子量为70KD的荚膜多糖A（记为ZY-312-70KD组）进行对比，评价其对便秘型的IBS的疗效。本实施例参考实施例7记载的方法，分别检测粪便颗粒数变化情况、大鼠粪便含水量变化情况，具体结果如下：
          表10 SD大鼠24h粪便颗粒数变化情况（颗）
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000020
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000021
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.01；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.01。
              表11 SD大鼠粪便含水量变化情况
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2017120112-appb-000023
注:各组实验与第一天比较，*P＜0.01；各组实验第28天与第14天比，★P＜0.01。
从上述结果可以看出，将从NCTC 9343菌株中提取得到分子量为110KD的荚膜多糖A进行降解，可以实现与ZY-312菌株提取的荚膜多糖A对便秘型的IBS相近的治疗效果。
由以上实施例的结果可见，本发明提供的脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A对腹泻型、便秘型的IBS均有很好的预防和治疗作用，具有双向调节的作用。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 脆弱拟杆菌提取物在制备防治肠易激综合征的药物或食品中的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中含有脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为5～75KD。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A的分子量为35KD～45KD。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌为保藏编号为CGMCC No.10685的脆弱拟杆菌ZY-312。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤：
    (1)将发酵培养后的脆弱拟杆菌菌液离心沉淀，收集第一沉淀物，取所述第一沉淀物加入65-72℃的水，溶解后再加入苯酚溶液，保持65-72℃搅拌25-35min，离心，收集第一上清液；
    (2)将步骤(1)中收集的第一上清液用乙醚萃取去除苯酚，再去除残留的乙醚，收集水相溶液；
    (3)在步骤(2)中收集到的水相溶液中加入无水乙醇至乙醇的终浓度为75-85v/v％，醇沉，离心，收集第二沉淀物；
    (4)取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成混悬液，再调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(1)中在所述第一沉淀物中加入的水、所述苯酚溶液以及所述第一沉淀物的配比为3-5mL：3-5mL：1g；所述苯酚溶液的质量浓度为70-80％。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(3)所述醇沉为在0-8℃的温度下醇沉8-16小时。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，步骤(4)包括：取所述第二沉淀物，加水配制成质量浓度为8-12％的混悬液，再加入质量浓度为8-12％的冰乙酸水溶液，加热至沸，搅拌反应1.5-2.5小时，调节pH为6.5-7.5，离心，收集第二上清液，透析除盐，冷冻干燥，即得所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物的制备方法还包括降解的步骤：将步骤(4)中得到的脆弱拟杆菌提取物通过超声的方法进行降解，所述超声的条件为：180-210kHz，15-25℃。
  10. 一种防治肠易激综合征的脆弱拟杆菌提取物或者药物或者食品，其特征在于，所述药物或食品中含有脆弱拟杆菌提取物，所述脆弱拟杆菌提取物中含有脆弱拟杆菌荚膜多糖A。
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