WO2019041583A1 - 一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法 Download PDF

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WO2019041583A1
WO2019041583A1 PCT/CN2017/112102 CN2017112102W WO2019041583A1 WO 2019041583 A1 WO2019041583 A1 WO 2019041583A1 CN 2017112102 W CN2017112102 W CN 2017112102W WO 2019041583 A1 WO2019041583 A1 WO 2019041583A1
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ionic liquid
lignin
chloride
hydroxycinnamate
preparing
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French (fr)
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李雪辉
李章敏
蔡镇平
龙金星
赵伟杰
马宏卫
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华南理工大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/30Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0277Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
    • B01J31/0278Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
    • B01J31/0281Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
    • B01J31/0284Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member of an aromatic ring, e.g. pyridinium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0277Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
    • B01J31/0278Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre
    • B01J31/0281Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature containing nitrogen as cationic centre the nitrogen being a ring member
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/0277Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature
    • B01J31/0298Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides comprising ionic liquids, as components in catalyst systems or catalysts per se, the ionic liquid compounds being used in the molten state at the respective reaction temperature the ionic liquids being characterised by the counter-anions
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01J31/00Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/26Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
    • B01J31/28Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
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    • C07C69/66Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to the high-efficiency utilization technology of agricultural wastes and the high-value utilization of renewable resources, in particular to a method for preparing p-hydroxycinnamate by selective catalysis of lignin by ionic liquid.
  • the method adopts the herb lignin widely used in agricultural and forestry waste as a raw material, and adopts a metal ionic liquid synthesized by a metal chloride and an imidazolium chloride salt as a catalyst, and the ionic liquid is low in cost and economic in the synthesis process.
  • the use of C1-C4 fatty alcohol as a solvent not only makes the product highly selective for hydroxycinnamate, but also can separate the product and recycle the catalyst.
  • the cation of the halogen metal salt ionic liquid is an alkyl imidazole; the anion is [FeCl 4 ] - , [CrCl 4 ] - , [AlCl 4 ] - , [MnCl 4 ] 2- , [CoCl 4 ] 2- , [ NiCl 4 ] 2- , [CuCl 4 ] 2- or [ZnCl 4 ] 2- .
  • the structural formula of the halogen metal salt ionic liquid is:
  • the mixing time at 30-80 ° C is 3-8 h; the extracting agent of step 1) is ethyl acetate.
  • the solvent is a C1-C7 fatty alcohol
  • the stirring speed is 150-600 r/min
  • the lignin is agroforestry herbal lignin.
  • the agricultural and forestry herbal lignin is bagasse, wheat straw, corn stover, corn cob, straw, bamboo or Miscanthus; when prepared, the organic dissolved lignin is extracted by the following method: 100 parts in parts by mass Ionic water, 150-250 parts ethanol, 0.5-1.5 parts of sulfuric acid, 15-30 parts of agricultural and forestry waste powder is added to the reaction kettle, reacted at 150-200 ° C for 2-6 hours, filtered and separated, and the liquid phase is deionized water and separated by filtration, and the obtained solid is organically dissolved. Lignin.
  • the alkylimidazolium chloride salt is prepared according to the following steps: N-methylimidazole and 1-chloroalkane are thoroughly mixed according to a molar ratio of 0.1-1:0.12-1.2, and stirred at room temperature for 12-24 hours. The temperature was raised to 60-100 ° C, and stirring was continued for 24-36 h to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution was washed with diethyl ether and dried under vacuum to give a methyl imidazolium chloride salt.
  • the halogen metal salt ionic liquid [C n mim] 2 [MCl 4 ] is prepared as follows: 2-50 mmol of manganese chloride or cobalt chloride or nickel chloride or copper chloride or zinc chloride and an equivalent amount of alkylimidazole Mix the chloride salt, stir at 60-80 ° C for 3-6 h, extract with 5-15 mL of dichloromethane, distill off the solvent, and dry at 60-80 ° C for 12-24 h to obtain a halogen metal salt ionic liquid [C n mim ] 2 [MCl 4 ].
  • the principle of the present invention is that the H monomer (p-hydroxyphenyl lignin) based on the herb lignin in the present invention is mostly linked to lignin by an ester bond, while other G (guaiac wood lignin) and S ( The syringyl lignin unit is linked by more ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds, and the halogen metal salt ionic liquid has a good selective fracture property for the ester bond in the lignin, thereby achieving the selection of the fracture-depolymerized lignin.
  • the purpose is to break through the problems of poor selectivity to lignin catalytic degradation, low efficiency, difficult separation of target products and difficult recovery of catalysts, and achieve efficient use of agricultural and forestry waste and high-selective catalytic depolymerization of lignin.
  • the halogen metal salt ionic liquid catalytic system realizes selective catalytic depolymerization of lignin of agricultural and forestry waste such as bagasse, and prepares p-hydroxycinnamate; the reaction conversion rate is 40-50%, and the volatile product yield is 100.
  • the yield of -150 mg/g, methyl p-hydroxycinnamate is 60-80 mg/g, and the corresponding selectivity is 55-75%.
  • the main product has a high quotient of p-hydroxycinnamate
  • the application value can be used as a pharmaceutical intermediate and a fine chemical; wherein methyl p-hydroxycinnamate can also be used for liquid crystal and optical fiber materials.
  • Figure 3 is a carbon spectrum nuclear magnetic diagram of the main product separated in Example 1.
  • Figure 4 is a mass spectrum of the main product isolated in Example 1.
  • a method for preparing p-hydroxycinnamate by using ionic liquid to catalyze lignin the operation steps are as follows:
  • halogen metal salt ionic liquid [C 4 mim][FeCl 4 ] 20 mmol of ferric chloride and an equal mass of 1-butyl-4-methylimidazolium chloride C 4 mimCl were mixed and stirred at 30 ° C After 3 hours, it was extracted with 5 mL of dichloromethane, and the resulting solution was evaporated to dryness, and then dried under vacuum at 60 ° C for 12 to 24 hours to obtain a metal salt, a halogen ionic liquid [C 4 mim] [FeCl 4 ].
  • the calculated lignin conversion was 48%, the volatile product yield was 120 mg/g, and the yield of methyl p-hydroxycinnamate was 87 mg/g, and the corresponding selectivity was 73%.
  • Other products obtained by the GC/MS are methyl ferulate, vanillin, syringaldehyde, and other acids and esters.
  • halogen metal salt ionic liquid [C 3 mim][FeCl 4 ] 20 mmol of ferric chloride and 20 mmol of 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C 3 mim]Cl were mixed at 40 ° C After stirring for 8 hours, it was extracted with 5 mL of dichloromethane, and the resulting solution was evaporated to dryness, and dried under vacuum at 60 ° C for 12 to 24 hours to obtain a metal salt, a halogen ionic liquid [C 3 mim] [FeCl 4 ].

Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法。该方法包括如下步骤,1)卤素金属盐离子液体的制备:将烷基咪唑氯盐和金属氯化物在30-80℃加热搅拌反应制成。2)木质素的催化解聚:将卤素金属盐离子液体,木质素与醇混合,经N2置换后,在140-200℃下加热并搅拌反应4-8h,制备出以对羟基肉桂酸酯为主产物的高附加值化学品。本发明工艺简单,条件温和,环境友好,对主产物选择性高;离子液体制备简单,原子经济,且可实现循环使用;优选条件下,对羟基肉桂酸酯的产率可达(40-80)mg/g。

Description

一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业废弃物高效利用技术及可再生资源高值化利用领域,特别是涉及一种利用离子液体选择性催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高,导致对一次性化石资源的需求逐渐增大以及对环境带来考验。可再生能源随之成为人们关注的焦点,生物质能作为唯一可以转化成能源和化学品的可再生碳能源被越来越多人所关注。在过去数十年里,对生物质的研究主要集中在纤维素和半纤维素的生物精炼,其中生成燃料乙醇已经实现工业化。
木质素作为含量仅次于纤维素的生物质资源之一,是一种重要的可再生芳香类化合物原料,最近几年才得到人们的广泛研究。目前,研究木质素生物精炼的方法主要有:热解,氧化,加氢,水解等。但是这些方法多数以得到混合的酚类产物或者生物油为目标,导致产物成分复杂,后续处理困难,能耗高,品质低等问题;而草本类农林废弃物在中国产量大,利用率低,目前大部分用于焚烧产热。为此,寻求将农林木质素选择性解聚得到高附加值化学品具有很高的应用价值被越来越多的人认可。
对羟基肉桂酸酯结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2017112102-appb-000001
对羟基肉桂酸酯,其中n=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7。羟基肉桂酸酯是一种有机合成中间产物和医药中间体,可以用来合成抗肾上腺素药艾司洛尔;其作为精细化学品广泛应用于食品,化工等产业;由于其含有烯烃结构,在聚合物材料等领域具有很高的应用前景。最近,日本OKAHATA株式会社利用对羟基肉桂酸酯透光性非常好并具有高光敏性、热稳定性优良的特点,将其应用延伸到了电子和光纤通信领域,成为一种优良的触摸屏和高端光纤材料。但目前对羟基肉桂酸酯的合成主要通过一系列有机反应来实现,工艺过程不仅繁琐,常常使用腐蚀性质子酸或者贵金属类催化剂,而且产率不高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于突破对木质素催化降解存在的选择性差,效率 低的问题,提供一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,实现了农林废弃物的高效利用和木质素的高选择性催化解聚,反应转化率达到40-50%。
本方法采用农林废弃物中广泛存在的草本木质素为原料,采用金属氯化物跟咪唑氯盐合成的金属离子液体为催化剂,该离子液体成本低廉,合成过程经济。同时采用C1-C4的脂肪醇作为溶剂,不仅使产物对羟基肉桂酸酯具有较高的选择性,并且可以实现对产物的分离和催化剂的回收利用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,包括以下操作步骤:
1)离子液体的制备:将烷基咪唑氯盐和金属卤化物以摩尔比为1:1-2:1在30-80℃下混合,萃取后干燥,得到卤素金属盐离子液体;
2)木质素的解聚方法:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体与有机溶木质素混合,加入溶剂,经N2置换后,加热到140-200℃,在搅拌下反应4-8h,将反应液过滤萃取后获得生物化学品,生物化学品经过浓缩分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸酯。
为进一步实现本发明目的,优选地,步骤1)所述金属卤化物为氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锰、氯化钴、氯化镍、氯化铜或氯化锌。
优选地,卤素金属盐离子液体的阳离子为烷基咪唑;阴离子为[FeCl4]-、[CrCl4]-、[AlCl4]-、[MnCl4]2-、[CoCl4]2-、[NiCl4]2-、[CuCl4]2-或[ZnCl4]2-
优选地,所述卤素金属盐离子液体的结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2017112102-appb-000002
优选地,所述30-80℃下混合的时间为3-8h;步骤1)所述萃的萃取剂为乙酸乙酯。
优选地,所述的溶剂为C1-C7的脂肪醇;所述搅拌的转速为150-600r/min;所述的木质素为农林草本木质素。
优选地,所述的农林草本木质素为蔗渣、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、玉米芯、稻草、竹子或芒草;制备时,有机溶木质素通过如下方法提取:以质量份数计,将100份去离子水,150-250份乙醇、 0.5-1.5份硫酸,15-30份农林废弃物粉末加入到反应釜中,在150-200℃下反应2-6h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固体即为有机溶木质素。
优选地,所述的将反应液过滤萃取后获得生物化学品的步骤如下:将去离子水加入至反应液,析出未反应的木质素,过滤,滤渣在60-80℃下烘干,滤液蒸干后加水转移到分液漏斗后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,将萃取相蒸干得到对羟基肉桂酸酯、阿魏酸酯、酸类化合物、醛类化合物和酯类衍生物的生物化学品。
优选地,所述的烷基咪唑氯盐按照以下步骤制备得到:将N-甲基咪唑和l-氯烷烃按照摩尔比0.1-1:0.12-1.2充分混合,在室温下搅拌12-24h后,升温至60-100℃,继续搅拌24-36h,得到混合溶液;混合溶液经乙醚洗涤后真空干燥,得到烷基咪唑氯盐。
优选地,卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][MCl4]按如下方法制备:2-50mmol氯化铁或氯化铝或氯化铬和等物质量的烷基咪唑氯盐混合,在30-50℃搅拌3-6h后用5-15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60-80℃真空干燥12-24h,得到卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][MCl4];
卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim]2[MCl4]按如下方法制备:2-50mmol氯化锰或氯化钴或氯化镍或氯化铜或氯化锌和等物质量的烷基咪唑氯盐混合,在60-80℃搅拌3-6h后用5-15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60-80℃真空干燥12-24h,得到卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim]2[MCl4]。
步骤(2)所述的对羟基肉桂酸酯结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2017112102-appb-000003
对羟基肉桂酸酯,其中n=0,1,2,3。
本发明的原理是:本发明构建基于草本木质素中的H单体(对-羟基苯基木质素)多数以酯键跟木质素相连,而其他G(愈创木基木质素)和S(紫丁香基木质素)单元则是通过更多的醚键和碳碳键链接,利用卤素金属盐离子液体对木质素中酯键具有很好的选择断裂性能,从而达到选择断裂解聚木质素的目的,突破了对木质素催化降解存在的选择性差,效率低,目标产物难分离和催化剂难回收等难题,实现了农林废弃物的高效利用和木质素的高选择性催化解聚。
本发明相对现有技术具有如下的优点和效果:
本发明提供的卤素金属盐离子液体催化体系实现了对蔗渣等农林废弃物木质素的选择性催化解聚制备对羟基肉桂酸酯;反应转化率为40-50%,挥发性产物收率为100-150mg/g,对羟基肉桂酸甲酯的收率为60-80mg/g,对应的选择性为55-75%。主产物对羟基肉桂酸酯具有很高的商 业应用价值,可以作为医药中间体和精细化学品;其中对羟基肉桂酸甲酯可以还可以用于液晶、光纤材料。卤素金属盐离子液体制备简单,原子经济,成本低廉,能够重复使用。反应后再生木质素(残渣)结构未被明显破坏,可后续进一步解聚获得其他化学品或生物油。
附图说明
图1为实施例1分离得到主产物的红外光谱图。
图2为实施例1分离得到主产物的氢谱核磁图。
图3为实施例1分离得到主产物的碳谱核磁图。
图4为实施例1分离得到主产物的质谱图。
具体实施方式
为更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,操作步骤如下:
(1)卤素金属盐离子液体[C4mim][FeCl4]的制备:20mmol氯化铁和等物质量的1-丁基-4-甲基咪唑氯盐C4mimCl混合,在30℃搅拌3h后用5mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,在60℃下真空干燥12-24h,得到金属盐卤素离子液体[C4mim][FeCl4]。
(2)有机溶木质素的提取:将250mL乙醇,100mL去离子水,1.0g硫酸,20g蔗渣粉末加入到500mL的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃下反应4h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固相即为有机溶木质素。
(3)木质素的催化解聚:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][FeCl4]2mmol与步骤(2)提取的蔗渣有机溶木质素0.5g混合,加入10mL甲醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到180,在500r/min搅拌下反应6h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入40mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用甲醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。剩余化学品经减压浓缩后,通过层析柱(v乙酸乙酯:v石油醚=2:1)分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸甲酯;通过用于红外,核磁,质谱表征,如图1-4所示,证明所得产物为对羟基肉桂酸甲酯。通过计算得到木质素转化率为48%,挥发性产物收率为120mg/g,对羟基肉桂酸甲酯的收率为87mg/g,对应的选择性为73%。气质联用仪得到的其他产物为阿魏酸甲酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
(1)卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][AlCl4]的制备:10mol氯化铝和等物质量的1-乙基-4-甲基咪唑氯盐C2mimCl混合,在80℃搅拌12h后用15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,70℃真空干燥12-24h,得到金属盐卤素离子液体[C2mim][AlCl4]。
(2)有机溶木质素的提取:将200mL乙醇,100mL去离子水,1.5g硫酸,30g玉米秸秆粉末加入到1L的不锈钢反应釜中,在120℃下反应6h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固相即为有机溶木质素。
(3)木质素的催化解聚:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体[C2mim][AlCl4]5mmol与步骤(2)提取的有机溶木质素1g混合,加入25mL乙醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到200℃,在500r/min搅拌下反应4h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入150mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用乙醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。剩余化学品经过减压浓缩后,通过层析柱(v乙酸乙酯:v石油醚=2:1)分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸乙酯。通过计算得到转化率为43%,挥发性产物收率为104mg/g,对羟基肉桂酸乙酯的收率为69mg/g,对应的选择性为66%。气质联用仪得到的其他产物为阿魏酸乙酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。对分离获得的产物进行系列表征,其结果与案例1相似。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
(1)卤素金属盐离子液体[C6mim][CoCl4]的制备:20mmol氯化钴和等物质量的1-已烷基-4-甲基咪唑氯盐[C6mim]Cl混合,在80℃搅拌8h后用15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,80℃真空干燥12-24h,得到金属盐卤素离子液体[C6mim][CoCl4]。
(2)有机溶木质素的提取:将1000mL乙醇,500mL去离子水,8.0g硫酸,200g小麦秸秆粉末加入到2L的不锈钢反应釜中,在150℃下反应6h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固相即为有机溶木质素。
(3)木质素的催化解聚:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体[C6mim][CoCl4]10mmol与步骤(2)提取的有机溶木质素2.5g混合,加入30mL正丙醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到160℃,在500r/min搅拌下反应8h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入300mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用甲醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏 斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。剩余化学品经过减压浓缩后,通过层析柱(v乙酸乙酯:v石油醚=2:1)分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸丙酯。通过计算得到转化率为41%,挥发性产物收率为96mg/g,对羟基肉桂酸丙酯的收率为61mg/g,对应的选择性为63%。气质联用仪得到的其他产物为阿魏酸丙酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。对分离获得的产物进行系列表征,其结果与案例1相似。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于:
(1)卤素金属盐离子液体[C1mim]2[CuCl4]的制备:金属盐卤素离子液体[C1mim]2[CuCl4]按如下方法制备:25mmol氯化铜和50mmol的1-甲基-4-甲基咪唑氯盐[C1mim]Cl混合,在60℃搅拌6h后用10mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60℃真空干燥12-24h,得到金属盐卤素离子液体[C1mim]2[CuCl4]。
(2)有机溶木质素的提取:将200mL乙醇,100mL去离子水,1.0g硫酸,25g稻草杆粉末加入到500mL的不锈钢反应釜中,在200℃下反应4h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固相即为有机溶木质素。
(3)木质素的催化解聚:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体[C1mim]2[CuCl4]20mmol与步骤(2)提取的有机溶木质素5g混合,加入50mL正丁醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到180℃,在500r/min搅拌下反应6h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入200mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用正丁醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。剩余化学品经过减压浓缩后,通过层析柱(v乙酸乙酯:v石油醚=2:1)分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸丁酯。通过计算得到转化率为38%,挥发性产物收率为76mg/g,对羟基肉桂酸乙酯的收率为48mg/g,对应的选择性为63%。气质联用仪得到的其他产物为阿魏酸丁酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。对分离获得的产物进行系列表征,其结果与案例1相似。
实施例5
(1)卤素金属盐离子液体[C3mim][FeCl4]的制备:20mmol氯化铁和20mmol的1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐[C3mim]Cl混合,在40℃搅拌8h后用5mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60℃真空干燥12-24h,得到金属盐卤素离子液体[C3mim][FeCl4]。
(2)有机溶木质素的提取:将220mL乙醇,100mL去离子水,1.2g硫酸,25g竹子粉末加入到500mL的不锈钢反应釜中,在120℃下反应6h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所 得固相即为有机溶木质素。
(3)木质素的催化解聚:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体[C3mim][FeCl4]2mmol与步骤(2)提取的有机溶木质素5g混合,加入50mL乙醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到180℃,在500r/min搅拌下反应6h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入200mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用乙醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。剩余化学品经过减压浓缩后,通过层析柱(v乙酸乙酯:v石油醚=2:1)分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸乙酯。通过计算得到转化率为42%,GC产率为8.3%,对羟基肉桂酸乙酯的收率为42mg/g,对应的选择性为51%。GC得到的其他产物为阿魏酸乙酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。对分离获得的产物进行系列表征,其结果与案例1相似。
实施例6
实施案例1中离子液体催化剂[C4mim][FeCl4]的重复使用性:将卤素金属盐离子液体[C4mim][FeCl4]4mmol与蔗渣有机溶木质素1g混合,加入10mL甲醇为溶剂,经N2置换三次后,加热到180℃,在搅拌下反应6h,反应结束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,加入200mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用水洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。滤液转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,乙酸乙酯相加入内标物,并用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。下层水相通过旋转蒸发浓缩后用二氯甲烷萃取,然后蒸干二氯甲烷后真空干燥,然后将烘干的催化剂用于重复上述实验过程4次,得到结果如下表1所示。
表1
重复次数 1 2 3 4 5
转化率(%) 48 46 45 43 44
挥发性产物收率(mg/g) 120 114 106 101 105
对羟基肉桂酸酯收率(mg/g) 78 75 69 66 63
对羟基肉桂酸酯选择性(%) 65 66 65 65 62
实施例7
对反应后再生木质素(残渣)的再利用考察:将案例1中反应后的再生木质素0.5g,1-丁基磺酸基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([BSmim][HSO4])1.5mmol,乙醇水溶液50mL(v乙醇:v=4:1)加入到100mL的高压反应釜中,经N2置换三次后,加热到250℃,机械搅拌下反应30min,反应结 束后将反应釜冷却至室温,倒出反应釜内物质,再加入300mL去离子水,过滤,滤渣用乙醇洗涤数次后干燥称重,计算转化率。液相蒸干后加水转移至分液漏斗,用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取后获得生物化学品,加入内标物,取少量样品用于气质联用仪分析产物和产率。通过计算得到转化率为72%,挥发性产物收率为123mg/g,芳香化合物产率为89mg/g。气质联用仪得到的其他产物主要为来自于G和S结构单体的阿魏酸乙酯,香草醛,丁香醛,以及其他的酸和酯。
从以上实施例可看出,本发明基于利用卤素盐离子液体能够选择性裁剪跟木质素以酯键链接的H结构单元,而不会断裂其他C-O或C-C键,从而实现直接从可再生的蔗渣等草本木质素中选择性获得高附加值化学品(对羟基肉桂酸酯)的目的,可获得草本木质素转化率在40-50%之间,挥发性产物收率为80-110mg/g,其中主产物羟基肉桂酸酯的收率为40-80mg/g,选择性为50-70%;该工艺具有催化剂制备简单,原子经济,催化剂易回收重复使用等显著优点。
此外,反应后的再生木质素(残渣)结构未被明显破坏,可后续进一步催化解聚得到其他化学品或生物油;实现对木质素的分步逐级解聚,从而达到对农林废弃物的高效利用。与现有技术相比,该方法条件温和,产物选择性高,对木质素结构破坏小,产物易分离等优势,其原理为,该方法为木质素的高值化利用提供了新的路径。
本发明的实施方式不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于包括以下操作步骤:
    1)离子液体的制备:将烷基咪唑氯盐和金属卤化物以摩尔比为1:1-2:1在30-80℃下混合,萃取后干燥,得到卤素金属盐离子液体;
    2)木质素的解聚方法:将步骤(1)所得卤素金属盐离子液体与有机溶木质素混合,加入溶剂,经N2置换后,加热到140-200℃,在搅拌下反应4-8h,将反应液过滤萃取后获得生物化学品,生物化学品经过浓缩分离后得到对羟基肉桂酸酯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)所述金属卤化物为氯化铝、氯化铁、氯化铬、氯化锰、氯化钴、氯化镍、氯化铜或氯化锌。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述卤素金属盐离子液体的阳离子为烷基咪唑;阴离子为:[FeCl4]-、[CrCl4]-、[AlCl4]-、[MnCl4]2-、[CoCl4]2-、[NiCl4]2-、[CuCl4]2-或[ZnCl4]2-
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述卤素金属盐离子液体的结构式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017112102-appb-100001
    n=0-6;M=Fe,Cr,Al;
    Figure PCTCN2017112102-appb-100002
    n=0-6;M=Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述30-80℃下混合的时间为3-8h;步骤1)所述萃的萃取剂为乙酸乙酯。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述的溶剂为C1-C7的脂肪醇;所述搅拌的转速为150-600r/min;所述的木质素为农林草本木质素。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在 于:所述的农林草本木质素为蔗渣、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、玉米芯、稻草、竹子或芒草;制备时,有机溶木质素通过如下方法提取:以质量份数计,将100份去离子水,150-250份乙醇、0.5-1.5份硫酸,15-30份农林废弃物粉末加入到反应釜中,在150-200℃下反应2-6h后过滤分离,液相加去离子水后过滤分离,所得固体即为有机溶木质素。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述的将反应液过滤萃取后获得生物化学品的步骤如下:将去离子水加入至反应液,析出未反应的木质素,过滤,滤渣在60-80℃下烘干,滤液蒸干后加水转移到分液漏斗后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,将萃取相蒸干得到对羟基肉桂酸酯、阿魏酸酯、酸类化合物、醛类化合物和酯类衍生物的生物化学品。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:所述的烷基咪唑氯盐按照以下步骤制备得到:将N-甲基咪唑和l-氯烷烃按照摩尔比0.1-1:0.12-1.2充分混合,在室温下搅拌12-24h后,升温至60-100℃,继续搅拌24-36h,得到混合溶液;混合溶液经乙醚洗涤后真空干燥,得到烷基咪唑氯盐。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的利用离子液体催化木质素制备对羟基肉桂酸酯的方法,其特征在于:卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][MCl4]按如下方法制备:2-50mmol氯化铁或氯化铝或氯化铬和等物质量的烷基咪唑氯盐混合,在30-50℃搅拌3-6h后用5-15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60-80℃真空干燥12-24h,得到卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim][MCl4];
    卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim]2[MCl4]按如下方法制备:2-50mmol氯化锰或氯化钴或氯化镍或氯化铜或氯化锌和等物质量的烷基咪唑氯盐混合,在60-80℃搅拌3-6h后用5-15mL二氯甲烷萃取,将所得溶液蒸除溶剂,60-80℃真空干燥12-24h,得到卤素金属盐离子液体[Cnmim]2[MCl4]。
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