WO2019029558A1 - 发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆 - Google Patents

发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019029558A1
WO2019029558A1 PCT/CN2018/099359 CN2018099359W WO2019029558A1 WO 2019029558 A1 WO2019029558 A1 WO 2019029558A1 CN 2018099359 W CN2018099359 W CN 2018099359W WO 2019029558 A1 WO2019029558 A1 WO 2019029558A1
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Prior art keywords
engine
heating device
controller
control
energy storage
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PCT/CN2018/099359
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李建秋
蔡炳坤
胡家毅
徐梁飞
杨福源
欧阳明高
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清华大学
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Publication of WO2019029558A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019029558A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M5/00—Heating, cooling, or controlling temperature of lubricant; Lubrication means facilitating engine starting
    • F01M5/02—Conditioning lubricant for aiding engine starting, e.g. heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicles, in particular to a control system and a vehicle for low temperature starting of an engine.
  • the ambient temperature is often below -20 ° C, and the worst case can be below -40 ° C. Due to the low temperature, the discharge capacity of the traditional lead-acid battery is significantly lower than the normal temperature.
  • the low-temperature cold start required by the conventional engine becomes more difficult; the conventional engine is often powered by a 24V lead-acid battery, which can only be given with less power.
  • the engine is preheated, so the warm-up time is very long; the engine generally needs more than 40 minutes of preheating to work properly; and it is prone to the situation that the 24V battery is short of power and cannot start the engine.
  • excessive warm-up time will reduce their mobility and seriously affect the military's operational response and emergency response capabilities.
  • the braking method of the braking resistor is mostly air-cooled, and the cooling effect is generally required, and a large heat-dissipating area is required to meet the heat-dissipating requirement, which also causes a problem of a large size of the braking resistor, and is often placed outside the engine.
  • the heat generated by the brakes is not fully utilized.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art described above to some extent.
  • the engine low temperature starting control system achieves uniform warming of the engine and enhances the maneuverability and environmental adaptability of the vehicle.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a vehicle.
  • a first aspect of the present invention discloses a control system for engine low temperature starting, comprising: a brake heating device connected to a vehicle energy storage system for heating an engine cooling circuit Cooling water; an oil sump heating device connected to the vehicle energy storage system for heating engine oil; and a controller connected to the vehicle energy storage system for Controlling discharge of the vehicle energy storage system to heat the brake heating device and the oil pan heating device when the low temperature and the reverse drag torque are higher than the first preset value; the controller is connected to the generator, The controller is further configured to control the generator to rotate the engine to rotate slowly at a predetermined speed to transmit the heated cooling water and the oil to various devices in the engine to achieve uniform warming of the engine.
  • the energy storage system can be controlled to be heated when the external ambient temperature is low and the drag drag torque is higher than the first preset value. Cooling water and oil, and controlling the generator to rotate slowly at a predetermined speed to transfer the heated cooling water and oil to various components in the engine to achieve uniform warming of the engine and enhance vehicle mobility and environmental adaptability. .
  • control system for engine low temperature starting may further have the following additional technical features:
  • controller is further configured to control the engine not to perform the fuel injection operation when the reverse drag torque is higher than the first preset value.
  • the method further includes: controlling a data line, wherein the brake heating device, the controller, the oil pan heating device, and the energy storage system are all connected to the control data line for using the brake heating device and the controller Data interaction between the oil pan heating device and the energy storage system.
  • the method further includes: a first control switch respectively connected to the control data line and the brake heating device for closing/opening under control of the controller to complete the energy storage system Heating the brake heating device; a second control switch, the second control switch being respectively connected to the control data line and the oil pan heating device for closing/opening under the control of the controller to complete The energy storage system heats the oil pan heating device.
  • the method further includes: a resistance torque detecting device connected to the controller for detecting the drag drag torque.
  • the method further includes: a temperature detecting device connected to the controller for detecting a temperature of the environment.
  • controller is further configured to determine whether the reverse drag torque is lower than a second preset value, and control the engine to perform a fuel injection operation when the reverse drag torque is lower than a second preset value.
  • a second aspect of the invention discloses a vehicle comprising: the control system for engine low temperature starting according to the above first aspect.
  • the vehicle can control the energy storage system to heat the cooling water and the oil and control the generator when the external ambient temperature is low and the drag drag torque is higher than the first preset value.
  • the engine is slowly rotated at a predetermined speed to transmit the heated cooling water and oil to various devices in the engine, thereby achieving uniform warming of the engine, enhancing vehicle mobility and environmental adaptability.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a control system for engine low temperature starting according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a control system for engine low temperature starting according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of a control system for engine low temperature starting in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a control system for engine low temperature starting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a control system for engine low temperature starting includes a brake heating device 110, an oil pan heating device 120, and a controller 130.
  • the brake heating device 110 is connected to the vehicle energy storage system 200 for heating the cooling water in the engine cooling circuit.
  • the sump heater 120 is coupled to the vehicle energy storage system 200 for heating the engine oil.
  • the controller 130 is coupled to the vehicle energy storage system 200 for controlling the discharge of the vehicle energy storage system 200 to heat the brake heating device 110 and the oil pan heating device when the low temperature and the drag drag torque are higher than the first preset value. 120.
  • the controller 130 controls the energy storage system 200 to discharge, and the brake heating device 110 connected to the energy storage system 200 and the oil pan heating device 120 flow current therebetween, so that the brake heating device 110 and the oil pan heating device 120 Dissipates heat, which heats the cooling water and oil.
  • the controller 130 is connected to the generator 300.
  • the controller 130 is further configured to control the generator 300 to reversely rotate the engine at a predetermined rotation speed to transmit the heated cooling water and the oil to various devices in the engine to achieve uniform heating of the engine.
  • the engine crankshaft is connected to the oil pump, and the generator 300 is slowly rotated at a predetermined rotation speed to promote the lubrication oil flow, thereby increasing the temperature of the engine oil.
  • the controller 130 can be an engine controller.
  • the energy storage system 200 can discharge at a large rate, one aspect rapidly increases the internal temperature of the battery itself, and the other side needs to meet the vehicle driving power and the necessary accessory power requirements, and also needs to heat the brake.
  • the device 110, the auxiliary generator 300 and the oil pan heating device 120 supply power to help preheat the engine and realize its rapid warm-up start; after the engine is running normally and the generator 300 is driven into the power generating condition, the generator 300 can also store The system 200 can be charged to ensure that the SOC value of the battery remains substantially balanced.
  • the energy storage system 200 can be a power battery of a car.
  • the energy storage system can be controlled to be heated when the external ambient temperature is low and the drag drag torque is higher than the first preset value. Cooling water and oil, and controlling the generator to rotate slowly at a predetermined speed to transfer the heated cooling water and oil to various components in the engine to achieve uniform warming of the engine and enhance vehicle mobility and environmental adaptability. .
  • the brake heating device 110 may include a braking resistor
  • the brake heating device 110 may be built in the engine cooling system
  • the cooling circuit of the brake heating device 110 is connected to the cooling circuit of the engine, wherein the engine The coolant flows through the radiator, the cooling passage of the brake heating device 110, and the water passage of the engine in sequence, and then flows to the radiator.
  • the method of heating the cooling water by the brake heating device 110 is the same as heating the room temperature of the radiator, dissipating heat around the brake heating device 110, and the cooling water absorbs the heat generated by the brake heating device 110, thereby increasing the temperature of the cooling water, thereby Reduce engine warm-up time.
  • the cooling circuit of the brake heating device 110 is connected to the cooling circuit of the engine so that the brake heating device 110 is cooled by water cooling, and the size of the braking resistor can be reduced.
  • the oil pan heating device 120 is placed at the bottom of the inner side of the engine oil pan, which is the same as the principle that the brake heating device 110 heats the cooling water, and the heat is distributed around the oil pan heating device 120, and the engine oil ( Including the lubricating oil) the absorption oil sump heating device 120 dissipates heat, thereby increasing the temperature of the oil.
  • a control data line 140 a brake heating device 110, a controller 130, an oil pan heating device 120, and an energy storage system 200 are all connected to the control data line 140 for heating the brake. Data interaction is performed between the device 110, the controller 130, the oil pan heating device 120, and the energy storage system 200.
  • This design enables the controller 130 to control the brake heating device 110, the oil pan heating device 120, and the energy storage system 200 without having a single control line, but the controller 130 can be implemented with one control line.
  • the control of its three devices can reduce layout space and save materials.
  • the method further includes: a first control switch K1 and a second control switch K1, wherein the first control switch K1 is respectively connected to the control data line 140 and the brake heating device 110 for closing/opening under the control of the controller 130,
  • the second control switch K2 is respectively connected to the control data line 140 and the oil pan heating device 120 for closing/opening under the control of the controller 130 to complete the energy storage system 200 to heat the oil pan heating device 120.
  • the controller 130 controls the second control switch K2 to close, and controls the energy storage system 200 to discharge, it heats the oil pan heating device 120.
  • a drag torque detecting device may be separately provided, and the resistive torque detecting device is connected to the controller 130 for detecting the drag drag torque.
  • a temperature detecting device in addition to being obtainable in the air conditioning system in the vehicle, a temperature detecting device may be separately provided in the system, and the temperature detecting device is connected to the controller 130 for detecting the environment. temperature.
  • the controller 130 is further configured to control the engine not to perform the fuel injection operation when the reverse drag torque is higher than the first preset value. Specifically, when the reverse drag torque is higher than the first preset value, it indicates that the engine oil is at a high viscosity, and the engine cannot be started. At this time, the fuel injection operation of the engine causes waste of work.
  • the controller is further configured to determine whether the reverse drag torque is lower than the second preset value, and control the engine to perform the fuel injection operation when the reverse drag torque is lower than the second preset value.
  • the second preset value refers to the viscosity of the engine oil is small, and has reached the condition of normal starting, and the measured drag drag torque.
  • the reverse drag torque is less than the second preset value, it indicates that the vehicle can be normally started.
  • the generator 300 quickly tows the engine to a condition higher than the idle speed, and issues an instruction to allow the engine fuel injection to burn.
  • the workflow of the engine low temperature start control system of the present invention may be:
  • S3 controlling the energy storage system 200 to discharge, supplying power to the brake heating device 110 and the oil pan heating device 120, and controlling the low speed of the generator 300 to drag the oil to quickly realize the rapid warm-up of the engine;
  • S5 Control the energy storage system 200 to disconnect the brake heating device 110 and the oil pan heating device 120, stop the discharge, and control the generator to drag the engine to the idle speed and allow the engine to perform the fuel injection to complete the engine start. process.
  • the temperature of the power battery is also low at the beginning of the car, so it needs to be discharged at a high power to quickly increase the operating temperature inside the battery; in addition, the large-rate discharge ensures the output of the battery.
  • the required power of the vehicle can be satisfied, and the brake heating device 110, the generator 300, the controller 130, and the oil pan heating device 120 can be powered to realize rapid engine warm-up.
  • the power battery is discharged at a large rate for a long time, and its state of charge is relatively low, and the internal temperature has been significantly improved, and large-rate charging is acceptable.
  • the engine output needs to drag the generator 300 to continuously supply power to the energy storage system 200 until the state of charge of the energy storage system 200 returns to the normal range. Then, according to the driving power demand and the state of charge of the energy storage system 200, the energy flow between the power system, the energy storage system 200 and the driving motor can be flexibly adjusted to improve the economy of the whole vehicle.
  • the motor feedback brake can be used, and the brake heating device 110 can be turned on at the same time, which can consume braking power and make full use of it. This part of the energy heats the coolant.
  • the present invention discloses a vehicle comprising: the control system for engine low temperature starting according to the above first aspect.
  • the vehicle can control the energy storage system to heat the cooling water and the oil and control the generator when the external ambient temperature is low and the drag drag torque is higher than the first preset value.
  • the engine is slowly rotated at a predetermined speed to transmit the heated cooling water and oil to various devices in the engine, thereby achieving uniform warming of the engine, enhancing vehicle mobility and environmental adaptability.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

一种发动机低温起动的控制系统，包括：制动加热装置（10），制动加热装置（10）与车辆储能系统（200）相连，用于加热发动机冷却回路中的冷却水；油底壳加热装置（120），油底壳加热装置（120）与车辆储能系统（200）相连，用于加热发动机机油；控制器（130），控制器（130）与车辆储能系统（200）相连，用于在低温且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制车辆储能系统（200）放电，以加热制动加热装置（110）和油底壳加热装置（120）；控制器（130）与发电机（300）相连，控制器（130）还用于控制发电机（300）以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖。还提供了一种应用该发动机低温起动的控制系统的车辆。该发动机低温起动的控制系统及应用该系统的车辆，使得发动机冷起动时发动机均匀回暖，增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。

Description

发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求清华大学于2017年08月08日提交的、发明名称为“发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆”的、中国专利申请号“201710672051.2”的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源汽车技术领域，特别涉及一种发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆。
背景技术
在高寒地区，外界环境温度经常低于-20℃，最恶劣的情况可达到-40℃以下。由于温度过低，导致传统的铅酸蓄电池放电能力较常温显著下降，传统发动机需要的低温冷启动变得比较困难；传统的发动机往往采用24V的铅酸蓄电池供电，只能以较小的功率给发动机进行预热暖机，因此预热时间很长；发动机一般需要40分钟以上的预热暖机才能正常工作；并且容易出现24V蓄电池缺电而无法起动发动机的情形。对于在高寒地区执勤的军用战术车辆，过长的暖机时间会降低其机动性，严重影响军方作战响应和应急能力。
在温度较低时，发动机机油的粘度比较大，这时起动容易导致发动机机油压力过大而损伤曲轴轴承，所以这时需要检测倒拖阻力矩是否高于第一预设值，如果高于第一预设值，那么起动发动机就会导致发动机机油压力过大而损伤曲轴轴承，所以，先要提高发动机的温度。
发动机暖机方式中，进气预热和机油预热这两种方法较为常见，其中进气预热又分为火焰预热和电预热，只靠上述方式需要较长的暖机时间，无法满足军用战术车辆的高机动性要求。
并且，相关技术中，制动电阻冷却方式多采用风冷，冷却效果一般，需要较大的散热面积才能满足散热要求，这也造成制动电阻尺寸较大等问题，而且多置于发动机外，制动产生的热能没有充分利用。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种发动机低温起动的控制系统。该发动机低温起动的控制系统实现发动机的均匀回暖，且增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。
本发明的另一个目的在于提出一种车辆。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的第一方面公开了一种发动机低温起动的控制系统，包括：制动加热装置，所述制动加热装置与车辆储能系统相连，用于加热发动机冷却回路中的冷却水；油底壳加热装置，所述油底壳加热装置与所述车辆储能系统相连，用于加热发动机机油；控制器，所述控制器与所述车辆储能系统相连，用于在低温且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制所述车辆储能系统放电，以加热所述制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置；所述控制器与发电机相连，所述控制器还用于控制发电机以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖。
根据本发明的发动机低温起动的控制系统，通过增加制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置，能在外部环境温度低且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制储能系统以加热冷却水和机油，并控制发电机以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖，增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
进一步地，所述控制器还用于在倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制发动机不进行喷油作业。
进一步地，还包括：控制数据线，所述制动加热装置、控制器、油底壳加热装置、储能系统均与所述控制数据线相连，用于为所述制动加热装置、控制器、油底壳加热装置、储能系统之间进行数据交互。
进一步地，还包括：第一控制开关，所述第一控制开关分别与所述控制数据线和制动加热装置相连，用于在控制器控制下闭合/断开，以完成所述储能系统对所述制动加热装置进行加热；第二控制开关，所述第二控制开关分别与所述控制数据线和油底壳加热装置相连，用于在控制器控制下闭合/断开，以完成所述储能系统对所述油底壳加热装置进行加热。
进一步地，还包括：阻力矩检测装置，所述阻力矩检测装置与所述控制器相连，用于检测倒拖阻力矩。
进一步地，还包括：温度检测装置，所述温度检测装置与所述控制器相连，用于检测环境的温度。
进一步地，所述控制器还用于判断所述倒拖阻力矩是否低于第二预设值，并在倒拖阻力矩低于第二预设值时，控制发动机进行喷油作业。
本发明的第二方面公开了一种车辆，包括：根据上述第一方面所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统。该车辆通过增加制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置，能在外部环境温度低且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制储能系统以加热冷却水和机油，并控制发电机以预定转 速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖，增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统的结构图；
图2是根据本发明另一个实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统的结构图；
图3是根据本发明一个实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统的工作流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以下结合附图描述根据本发明实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆。
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统的结构图。
如图1所示，根据本发明一个实施例的发动机低温起动的控制系统，包括：制动加热装置110、油底壳加热装置120和控制器130。
其中，制动加热装置110与车辆储能系统200相连，用于加热发动机冷却回路中的冷却水。油底壳加热装置120与车辆储能系统200相连，用于加热发动机机油。
控制器130与车辆储能系统200相连，用于在低温且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制车辆储能系统200放电，以加热制动加热装置110和油底壳加热装置120。
作为一个示例，控制器130控制储能系统200放电，与储能系统200相连的制动加热装置110与油底壳加热装置120中间流入电流，使得制动加热装置110与油底壳加热装置120散发热量，从而加热的冷却水和机油。
控制器130与发电机300相连，控制器130还用于控制发电机300以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖。另外，发动机曲轴与机油泵相连，在发电机300以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转可以促进润滑机油流动，从而提高发动机机油的温度。其中，控制器130可以为发动机控制器。
特别注意的是，在低温度下，储能系统200可以大倍率放电，一个方面迅速提高电池自身的内部温度，另外一个方面要满足车辆行驶功率和必要附件功率需求外，还需要向制动加热装置110、辅助发电机300和油底壳加热装置120供电，帮助预热发动机，实现其迅速暖机起动；待发动机正常运转并带动发电机300进入发电工况后，发电机300还可向储能系统200充电，从而保证电池的SOC值保持基本平衡。其中，储能系统200可以为汽车的动力电池。
根据本发明的发动机低温起动的控制系统，通过增加制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置，能在外部环境温度低且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制储能系统以加热冷却水和机油，并控制发电机以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖，增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。
结合图2所示，制动加热装置110可以包括制动电阻，制动加热装置110可以内置于发动机冷却系统中，且制动加热装置110的冷却回路与发动机的冷却回路相连，其中，发动机的冷却液依次流经散热器、制动加热装置110的冷却通道和发动机的水道后，流向散热器。这时，制动加热装置110加热冷却水的方法与暖气片加热室温一样，将制动加热装置110周围散发热量，冷却水吸收制动加热装置110散发热量，从而提高了冷却水的温度，从而缩短发动机暖机时间。另外，将制动加热装置110的冷却回路与发动机的冷却回路相连使得制动加热装置110采用水冷方式进行冷却，可以减小制动电阻尺寸。
结合图2所示，油底壳加热装置120放置于发动机油底壳内侧的底部，与制动加热装置110加热冷却水的原理相同，油底壳加热装置120周围散发热量，发动机内的机油(包括润滑油)吸收油底壳加热装置120散发热量，从而提高了机油的温度。
再结合图2所示，还包括：控制数据线140，制动加热装置110、控制器130、油底壳加热装置120、储能系统200均与控制数据线140相连，用于为制动加热装置110、控制器130、油底壳加热装置120、储能系统200之间进行数据交互。这种设计能使得控制器130对制动加热装置110、油底壳加热装置120、储能系统200的控制不用一一具有单独的一条控制线，而是可以一条控制线就实现了控制器130对其三个器件的控制，可以减少布置空间，节约材料。
进一步地，还包括：第一控制开关K1和第二控制开关K2，第一控制开关K1分别与控制数据线140和制动加热装置110相连，用于在控制器130控制下闭合/断开，以完成储能系统200对制动加热装置110进行加热，具体来说，当控制器130控制第一控制开关K1闭合时，且控制储能系统200进行放电，使其对制动加热装置110进行加热。第二控制开关K2分别与控制数据线140和油底壳加热装置120相连，用于在控制器130控制下闭合/断开，以完成储能系统200对油底壳加热装置120进行加热，具体来说，当控制器130控 制第二控制开关K2闭合时，且控制储能系统200进行放电，使其对油底壳加热装置120进行加热。
在一些实施例中，获取倒拖阻力矩的方式除了能在车辆的其他装置中获取，还可以单独设置一个阻力矩检测装置，阻力矩检测装置与控制器130相连，用于检测倒拖阻力矩。
在一些实施例中，获取环境中温度的方式除了可以在车辆中的空调系统获取外，还可以单独在本系统中设置一个温度检测装置，温度检测装置与控制器130相连，用于检测环境的温度。
在一些实施例中，控制器130还用于在倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制发动机不进行喷油作业。具体来说，在倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，说明发动机的机油处于粘度大时候，是不能起动发动机的，那么这时进行发动机的喷油作业就会造成工作的浪费。
在一些实施例中，控制器还用于判断倒拖阻力矩是否低于第二预设值，并在倒拖阻力矩低于第二预设值时，控制发动机进行喷油作业。
其中，第二预设值是指发动机机油的粘度小了，并且已经达到正常启动的条件，这时测得的倒拖阻力矩。在倒拖阻力矩小于这个第二预设值时，说明车辆可以正常启动，这时，发电机300将发动机迅速倒拖到高于怠速的工况，并发出允许发动机喷油燃烧的指令。
结合图3所示，本发明的发动机低温起动的控制系统的工作流程可以为：
S1：通过检测当前缸内温度和发电机倒拖阻力矩；
S2：如果检测到缸内温度值小于预设温度说明车外环境温度较低，并且发电机倒拖阻力矩高于某临界值；
S3：则控制储能系统200放电，为制动加热装置110和油底壳加热装置120供电，控制发电机300低速倒拖搅油，以快速实现发动机迅速暖机起动；
S4：如果检测到发电机倒拖阻力矩低于另一个临界值时，说明发动机的机油温度已达到正常起动条件；
S5：控制储能系统200断开制动加热装置110和油底壳加热装置120的连接，停止放电，并控制发电机将发动机倒拖至怠速转速，并允许发动机喷油工作，从而完成发动机起动过程。
具体来说，在极低温度条件下，汽车行驶初期由于动力电池的温度也很低，因此需要对其进行大功率放电，以迅速提高电池内部的工作温度；此外大倍率放电在保证电池的输出功率的情况下可以满足车辆行驶的需求功率，还可向制动加热装置110、发电机300、控制器130和油底壳加热装置120供电，实现发动机迅速暖机起动。另外，待动力系统正常运转并转入发电状态后，此时动力电池由于较长时间大倍率放电，其荷电状态较低已经比较低，同时内部温度已经明显提高，可接受大倍率充电。发动机输出除满足行驶功率和必 要附件功率外，需拖动发电机300使其向储能系统200持续供电，直至储能系统200荷电状态回复到正常值范围。之后，根据行驶功率需求和储能系统200荷电状态，可灵活调配动力系统、储能系统200与驱动电机三者之间的能量流动，提高整车经济性。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在车辆刚起动并处于下坡制动工况时，可采用电机回馈制动，同时接通制动加热装置110，既可以消耗制动功率，又可以充分利用这部分能量加热冷却液。
进一步地，本发明的公开了一种车辆，包括：根据上述第一方面所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统。该车辆通过增加制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置，能在外部环境温度低且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制储能系统以加热冷却水和机油，并控制发电机以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖，增强车辆的机动性和环境适应能力。
另外，本发明实施例的车辆的其它构成以及作用对于本领域的技术人员而言都是已知的，为了减少冗余，不做赘述。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，包括：
    制动加热装置，所述制动加热装置与车辆储能系统相连，用于加热发动机冷却回路中的冷却水；
    油底壳加热装置，所述油底壳加热装置与所述车辆储能系统相连，用于加热发动机机油；
    控制器，所述控制器与所述车辆储能系统相连，用于在低温且倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制所述车辆储能系统放电，以加热所述制动加热装置和油底壳加热装置；
    所述控制器与发电机相连，所述控制器还用于控制发电机以预定转速倒拖发动机缓慢旋转，以使被加热的冷却水和机油传递到发动机中的各个器件，实现发动机的均匀回暖。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在倒拖阻力矩高于第一预设值时，控制发动机不进行喷油作业。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，还包括：控制数据线，所述制动加热装置、控制器、油底壳加热装置、储能系统均与所述控制数据线相连，用于为所述制动加热装置、控制器、油底壳加热装置、储能系统之间进行数据交互。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    第一控制开关，所述第一控制开关分别与所述控制数据线和制动加热装置相连，用于在控制器控制下闭合/断开，以完成所述储能系统对所述制动加热装置进行加热；
    第二控制开关，所述第二控制开关分别与所述控制数据线和油底壳加热装置相连，用于在控制器控制下闭合/断开，以完成所述储能系统对所述油底壳加热装置进行加热。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    阻力矩检测装置，所述阻力矩检测装置与所述控制器相连，用于检测倒拖阻力矩。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    温度检测装置，所述温度检测装置与所述控制器相连，用于检测环境的温度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于判断所述倒拖阻力矩是否低于第二预设值，并在倒拖阻力矩低于第二预设值时，控制发动机进行喷油作业。
  8. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的发动机低温起动的控制系统。
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CN107559119A (zh) * 2017-08-08 2018-01-09 清华大学 发动机低温起动的控制系统及车辆

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