WO2019016800A1 - Procédé et système permettant de déterminer l'emplacement de contraintes dans diamant - Google Patents

Procédé et système permettant de déterminer l'emplacement de contraintes dans diamant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019016800A1
WO2019016800A1 PCT/IL2018/050784 IL2018050784W WO2019016800A1 WO 2019016800 A1 WO2019016800 A1 WO 2019016800A1 IL 2018050784 W IL2018050784 W IL 2018050784W WO 2019016800 A1 WO2019016800 A1 WO 2019016800A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diamond
model
stress
location
computer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2018/050784
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English (en)
Inventor
Asaf GRANOT
Uri ZAITSEV
Original Assignee
Galatea Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Galatea Ltd. filed Critical Galatea Ltd.
Publication of WO2019016800A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019016800A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/87—Investigating jewels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F1/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/21—Polarisation-affecting properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
    • G01N2021/8848—Polarisation of light

Definitions

  • the presently disclosed subject matter relates to methods and systems for locating stresses in diamonds, more particularly in rough diamonds.
  • Stress (or strain or tension - all synonyms) in diamonds is a phenomenon inherent in the growth of the different carbon layers of the diamond, whether a manmade diamond or a natural one.
  • the presently disclosed subject matter concerns a method and system for detecting stresses in a diamond and, more particularly, determining the location, and optionally the magnitude, of at least one stress area therein, if any, by performing 3D mapping of a diamond and of stresses therein, and presentation of such stresses, if any, in a 3D model of the diamond, which method and system are expected to make processing of diamonds more secure, allowing the manufacturer to plan his steps knowledgably through all the manufacturing process.
  • the method according to one aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter is to be performed on a diamond disposed in an immersion medium, and it includes providing illumination including a wavelength, at which the immersion medium can have a refractive index substantially matching that of the diamond; polarizing this illumination by a polarizer and illuminating therewith the diamond within the immersion medium; passing light which exits the diamond and the immersion medium through a polarization analyzer; detecting the light that has passed through the analyzer and determining location of at least one stress area within the diamond based on this detection.
  • an image of the diamond that is obtained based on the detected light has substantially no dark areas, this means that the polarized light did not change its polarization while propagating through the diamond in the immersion medium, it can be concluded that the diamond is free of stresses. Whilst if the image has dark areas, this means that the polarized light did change its polarization while propagating through the diamond in the immersion medium, and that the change might have been caused by the diamond having at least one stressed area.
  • the method of the presently disclosed subject matter can comprise an inclusion detection step performed in any known manner, before or after the above stress detection, and the determination of location of at least one stress area can thus include exclusion of the influence of inclusions on the polarized light during the stress detection, so that a final decision on the location of the at least one stress in the diamond is made based on the results of both the stress detection and inclusion detection.
  • the polarizer and the analyzer can be aligned one to another such that they both are configured to pass light having the same polarization.
  • the polarized light propagates through a stressed area and inclusions within the diamond, if any, it will change its polarization and will be blocked by the analyzer, allowing only the light that has passed through the diamond in areas that are clean from stresses and inclusions to exit the diamond and the immersion medium with about the same polarization as it had when entering thereto.
  • the detection of the light exiting the analyzer can be performed by a detection system including light collection optics, a detector such as a camera, to which the light collection optics is configured to direct that light, and a processor.
  • the camera is capable of detecting light having the wavelength mentioned above and produce signals responsive thereto, which signals are then processed by the processor to determine the location of at least one stress in the diamond.
  • the magnitude of the stresses can be identified by analyzing the dark areas and determining the difference of the shades in the dark areas, wherein the darker the area, the greater the magnitude of the stress.
  • the shades of the dark areas e.g.
  • shades of a gray scale of an image can be classified into predetermined levels of stresses, each level represented in a unique manner distinguished from that of all other levels, and a 3D model of the diamond can be generated, including 3D representation of its exterior surface and of the stresses showing their location and orientation within the diamond and their magnitude the amount of the detected light is indicative of the magnitude of the stress.
  • the less the amount of light detected from an area of the diamond the greater the stress within this area. This is because areas in the diamond with high magnitude of stresses tend to pass less light towards the detector than areas with low magnitude or free of stresses.
  • the location of a stress in the diamond can determined as described above relative to a predefined system of coordinates, and the method can further comprise 3D mapping of the exterior surface of the diamond, when free from the immersion medium, to produce its first 3D model within the same or correlated system of coordinates, in which case the method can result in producing a second 3D model of the diamond with the determined stresses shown therein.
  • the above method can be carried out from at least two perspectives relative to the diamond, i.e. in at least two rotational positions of the diamond about an axis of rotation passing through and oriented perpendicularly to an optical axis, along which the polarizer and the analyzer are disposed on two sides of the diamond.
  • the optical axis can be oriented horizontally and the axis of rotation - vertically.
  • the diamond can be held within the immersion medium by a holder so as to allow its rotation within the immersion medium, or it can be rotated together with the immersion medium about the vertical axis of rotation, to allow the diamond within the immersion medium to be illuminated from a plurality of different perspectives.
  • the inclusion detection can be performed at the same rotational positions of the diamond and with the same illumination as in the stress detection, though without using the polarizer and analyzer. It should be noted that the method can be carried out by other ways of tomography known in the art that do not require rotation of the diamond, e.g. using a confocal microscope.
  • Another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter also includes a system for determining location of at least one stress, and optionally its orientation and/or magnitude, in a diamond, the system comprising a detection area configured for mounting therein the diamond within an immersion medium so that the system's optical axis passes through the detection area, a light source configured to illuminate the detection area and a polarizer disposed on one side of the detection area, and a polarization analyzer and a detection system disposed on the other side of the detection area, all being arranged along said optical axis.
  • the polarizer and the polarization analyzer are rotatable about the optical axis and also removable from the optical axis when it is desired to capture a non- polarized images.
  • the system can further comprise means for rotating the diamond with or within the immersion medium.
  • the system can further be configured to produce a 3D model of the diamond including the stresses, based on a 3D map of the exterior surface of the diamond produced externally and received by the system processor or produced by the system.
  • the system can comprise a 3D mapping device via which the diamond can be conveyed prior to its insertion into the immersion medium, for producing a 3D map of its exterior surface.
  • Such device can be any known diamond 3D mapping device.
  • the 3D model of the diamond can thus be generated based on the 3D map of the exterior surface of the diamond, and it can optionally include also representation of inclusions within the diamond along with representation of the stressed areas.
  • the stress detection of the presently disclosed subject matter, as well as the inclusion detection, can be performed in a system, which is similar to that described in WO 2008/102361, whose description from these publication is incorporated herein by reference, with added thereto the polarizer positioned between the light source and the detection area, and the analyzer positioned between the detection area and the detection system.
  • a method for generating a 3D model of a diamond comprising 3D mapping of the diamond's external surface, configured for producing a first 3D model of the diamond, determining location of stress areas in the diamond, if any, and generating a second 3D model of the diamond with the representation of stress areas therein whose location and orientation is determined relative to the external surface of the diamond.
  • the 3D mapping of the stresses can also include an indication or representation of the magnitude of the stress areas.
  • the method can further comprise determining location of inclusions in the diamond.
  • the determination of location of the stress areas comprises using therein information regarding the location of inclusions as mentioned above.
  • the second 3D model with the representation of stress areas further comprises representation of the inclusions.
  • the determination of location of stress areas and inclusions is performed when the diamond is disposed within an immersion medium having a refractive index substantially matching that of the diamond.
  • the 3D mapping of the diamond configured for producing a 3D model of its external surface is performed when the diamond is free of the immersion medium.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer program product comprising a computer readable program code for causing the computer to execute a 3-dimensional interactive model of a diamond, the model comprising data indicative of location of stress areas, their orientation and optionally, magnitude thereof and, optionally, inclusions within the diamond.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer program product comprising a computer readable program code for causing the computer to execute a 3-dimensional interactive model of a diamond, the model comprising data indicative of location of stress areas, their orientation and optionally magnitude thereof, and optionally, inclusions within the diamond, and to display the model on a computer display device.
  • a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer program product comprising a computer readable program code for causing the computer to execute a 3-dimensional interactive model of a diamond, the model comprising data indicative of location of stress areas, their orientation and, optionally magnitude thereof and, optionally, inclusions within the diamond, and to display the model on a computer display device, while enabling user interaction with the model via a user interface.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic illustration of a system according to one example of the presently disclosed subject matter, in its top view;
  • Fig. IB is a schematic illustration of the system shown in Fig. 1A, with its polarizer and analyzer being in a mutual orientation, which is different from that shown in Fig. 1A;
  • Fig. 2A to 2C show exemplary images of a diamond captured in a system of the kind to which the presently disclosed subject matter refers, wherein Figs.2A and 2B show images of a diamond captured when the system's polarizer is offset by 0° and 20° relative to the system's analyzer, respectively, and Fig. 2C shows an image that is a combination of the images of Fig. 2A and 2B; and
  • Fig. 3A and 3B show exemplary representations of stressed areas within the diamond, whose images are shown in Figs. 2A to 2C.
  • Figs. 1A and IB show schematic illustration of a top view of a system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the presently disclosed subject matter, having a detection area 101 through which an optical axis X of the system passes and which is configured for positioning therein on this axis a diamond D held by a holder 104 within an immersion medium 110, for determining at least location of at least one stress within the diamond and, optionally, also orientation and magnitude of the stress.
  • the system 100 comprises the following elements disposed along the optical axis at least during the system's stress-determination operation: a light source 102 on one side of the detection area, a detector 114-116 on the other side of the detection area, a polarizer 106 disposed between the light source and the detection area, and a polarization analyzer 112 disposed between the detection area and the detector.
  • the light source can be configured to provide illumination including light in the IR range, more specifically of a wavelength in the range between 1 and 1.8 microns, and to illuminate the diamond when disposed in the detection area, via the polarizer 106.
  • the system is configured so that light exiting the polarizer illuminates the entire detection area and the entire diamond disposed therein.
  • dimensions of the detection area in this example are at least not smaller, and optionally greater to at least a small extent, than those of the largest diamond D to be positioned therein.
  • the immersion medium is disposed within a container 108 allowing the holder 104 with the diamond therein to be rotated within the immersion medium about an axis Y that is normal to the optical axis X.
  • the former axis has a vertical orientation and the latter - horizontal.
  • the immersion medium 110 can be in a liquid, gel or solid, and in the latter case the container 108 might not be needed, and the diamond holder can be used to hold both the diamond and the immersion medium surrounding it so as to rotate them together.
  • the immersion medium can be of the kind described in WO2007023444 and WO2008102361 , e.g. it can comprise selenium or consist of selenium, and the system can be configured to maintain the medium, at least in operation of the system, at a temperature range of between 100°C and 400°C. Under these conditions and with the detected light being in the above indicated wavelength range, the refractive index of the immersion selenium can be achieved to substantially match that of the diamond, i.e. to be within 0.1 difference from that of the diamond. More detailed description of an immersion medium which can be used in the method according to the presently disclosed subject matter and of conditions of such use described in the above two publications is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the detector of the system 100 comprises collection optics 114 and a camera 116 the camera 116, which is configured to capture images of the diamond D when illuminated by the light source 102, by detecting light that has been directed to the camera by the collection optics, after having passed through the diamond and then through the analyzer 112.
  • the polarizer 106 and the analyzer 112 can be linear polarizers or circular polarizers. In the present example the polarizers are linear polarizers. At least one of the polarizer 106 and the analyzer 112 can be rotatable about the optical axis X so as to be able to bring them into more than one orientation with respect to one another, as shown in Figs. 1A and Fig. IB. However, the system can be used with one, fixed mutual orientation of the polarizer and analyzer.
  • the light after propagating through the diamond in the immersion medium 110 propagates through the analyzer 112, which is oriented so as to transmit only that light which has about the same polarization as that transmitted by the polarizer 106, meaning that the polarizer 106 and the analyzer 112 are in 0°-offset, i.e. with substantially no offset, with respect to one another.
  • This operation mode of the system will hereafter be referred to as non-offset operation mode.
  • the polarizer 106 can be set with a predetermined offset orientation relative to the analyzer, allowing the system to operate in an off-set operation mode.
  • This offset can be, for example, about a 20°-offset as shown in Fig. IB. It should be noted that any degree of absolute offset between 0° and less than 45° and more particularly between 10° to 30° can be used in this mode of operation of the system.
  • images of the diamond are captured by the camera 116 from a plurality of perspectives, i.e. a plurality of angular positions thereof about the vertical axis Y.
  • the diamond can be rotated through 360° and illuminated and imaged at a plurality of pre-determined angular intervals.
  • the system 100 can further comprise a processor (not shown) configured to process the captured images of the diamond D so as to identify stresses therein i.e. to determine location and, optionally, orientation and magnitude of the stresses.
  • a processor configured to process the captured images of the diamond D so as to identify stresses therein i.e. to determine location and, optionally, orientation and magnitude of the stresses.
  • 3D mapping of the diamond's exterior surface can be performed suitable for generating its first 3D model of the diamond, with the diamond being disposed out of the immersion medium, and a second 3D model of the diamond can then be generated by incorporating the information obtained based on the stress-determination imaging into the first 3D model.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B show exemplary images of a diamond 218 that were captured in a system built by the Applicant, Galatea Ltd., on the basis of its commercial system known under the trade name GalaxyTM, modified by adding thereto a polarizer and an analyzer configured for operating as illustrated in Figs. 1A and IB respectively.
  • each of the images shown in Figs. 2A and 2B includes an area 220, which is darker than other areas of the diamond and which is thus suspected to include stresses.
  • Fig. 2C illustrates an image combined from the images shown in Figs. 2A and 2B and presenting all the dark suspected areas in one image. This is done, for example, by taking the darkest pixel of the images taken in the non-offset and off-set modes, into a combined image, that in a stone with stress will end up having a darker average grey level values in overall.
  • the resulted combined image can be manipulated by suitable algorithms in order to obtain a higher contrast to distinguish between the suspected areas and the areas that are clean from stresses and inclusions.
  • the polarizer and analyzer of the system 100 can be further configured to allow their removal from the optical axis X for the system to operate in a non-polarization mode, in which the diamond in the detection area can be illuminated directly by light emitted by the light source 102 and thus non-polarized by the polarizer 106, and light exiting the diamond can propagate directly to the detector 114-116, for determining location of inclusions in the diamond as described in detail in WO2008/102361, which description is incorporated herein by reference, and as this is done in the GalaxyTM system referred to above.
  • the combined images such as shown in Fig. 2C can be mathematically manipulated using information about location of inclusions in the diamond, to distinguish the stressed areas within the diamond from the inclusions and to exclude inclusions from the images for the purpose of the analysis of the thus identified stress areas.
  • An exemplary presentation of such computer-generated image of a diamond is shown in Figs. 3A and 3B.
  • Fig. 3A shows the subtracted image indicative of the stressed areas within the diamond
  • Fig. 3B shows a representation of the stressed areas incorporated in a model of the diamond.
  • the model can be presented in 2D or 3D dimensions.
  • the stressed areas have different gray levels, indicating different stress magnitudes. The darker the area in the image, the greater the stress in this area.
  • the stressed areas can be classified into different levels of stressed areas. For example, a group of pixels of the stressed areas can be clustered together to define a united stressed area with a certain stress magnitude level and be given a representation distinguishing it from areas in the images, representing stresses with different magnitudes. It is to be noted that the magnitude of the area may be determined by applying an averaging model on all the pixels defining the area. Example for such areas is shown in Fig. 3A, wherein areas 322, 322', 322" and 322"' are defined, each may be given a different representation, e.g. different color, indicating different stress level magnitude.
  • the Galaxy system includes a detection area where the diamond within the immersion medium was mounted so as to be rotatable about a vertical rotation axis perpendicular to the system's horizontal optical axis; a light source configured to provide illumination along the optical axis, the illumination comprising at least one wavelength, at which the immersion medium has a refractive index substantially matching that of the diamond; a detector positioned on the optical axis on a side of the detection area opposite to that of the light source and configured to detect light at least of said wavelength.
  • the polarizer and the analyzers added to the Galaxy system are disposable on the optical axis between the light source and the detection area, and between the detection area and the detector, respectively; all the components being disposed so as to allow the diamond, in each angular position thereof relative to the rotation axis, to be illuminated by a polarized light emitted from the light source and passed through the polarizer, and to allow the detector to capture images of the diamond by detecting light exited from the diamond and passed through the analyzer.
  • the polarizer and the analyzer are configured to be disposable at a location spaced from the optical axis of the system.
  • a non-polarization session was performed. Namely, images of the diamond were captured from a plurality of perspectives about the rotation axis, with the polarizer and the analyzer having been removed from the optical axis and thus being out of use, to obtain an inclusion mapping within the diamond as described in detail in the above identified publications.
  • the polarizer and the analyzer were positioned at the optical axis such that the polarizer is disposed between the light source and the detection area, and the analyzer is between the detection area and the detector, to perform polarization sessions, one in each of the non-offset and off-set modes, in the same angular positions of the diamond as in the non-polarization session.
  • the diamond was illuminated by illumination from the light source that has passed through the polarizer, and light exiting from the diamond which has passed through the analyzer was detected by the detector whereby an image of the diamond were captured. This operation was performed in all the above mentioned angular positions of the diamond first with the polarizer and the analyzer having their mutual orientation as shown in Fig. 1A, and then with the polarizer and the analyzer having their mutual orientation as shown in Fig. IB, though it could have been performed only in one or more than two different mutual orientations.
  • a combined image was then generated according to the data from images captured with in each angular position of the diamond in each polarization session, i.e. in each of the non-setoff and set-off operation modes of the system.
  • the combined image comprised all areas with stresses and inclusions, if any. If desired, the combined image could undergo a manipulation to obtain the stressed areas and the inclusions contrasted with respect to the other clear areas.
  • the combined image was then compared to the corresponding image from the non-polarization session (that may undergo the same manipulation as the polarized image) in order to distinguish between inclusions and stress areas.
  • the inclusions were subtracted from the combined image to obtain an image with the presentation of the stressed areas, excluding inclusions.
  • the stresses determined by analyzing the combined images obtained as described above can be presented to the user on a succession of 2D images or can be incorporated into a computer-generated 3D model of the diamond obtained prior or subsequent to the stress determination, thereby producing a new, more comprehensive 3D model including stresses and inclusions, and the latter 3D model can be presented in a computer program product.
  • Such product can comprise a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, for causing the computer to execute the 3D model of the diamond, with the stress areas and their magnitudes and, optionally, the inclusions, and display it to the user in an interactive manner enabling the user to manipulate the model via a user interface.
  • Such manipulation can include viewing the 3D model with the stress areas and, optionally, the inclusions, from different perspective, using the 3D model for planning a finished stone from a rough stone, when the diamond for which the 3D model was generated is a rough stone, and the like.
  • the 3D model obtained by the method described above and/or using the system described above can be a model displayable on a computer display device while, optionally, enabling user interaction with the model via a user interface.
  • the model can be generated by means of a computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer readable program code embodied therein, the computer program product comprising a computer readable program code for causing the computer to execute the 3-dimensional interactive model of a diamond, the model comprising data indicative of location and orientation of stress areas, and optionally, magnitude thereof and, optionally, inclusions within the diamond.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système de détection de contraintes dans un diamant et, plus particulièrement, la détermination de l'emplacement, et éventuellement de l'amplitude, d'au moins une zone de contraintes dans celui-ci, le cas échéant. Les zones de contraintes sont détectées en éclairant le diamant avec une lumière polarisée, le diamant étant immergé dans un milieu d'immersion ayant un indice de réfraction correspondant sensiblement à celui du diamant. La lumière qui traverse le diamant, passe ensuite à dans un analyseur de polarisation, est détectée et analysée pour déterminer l'emplacement d'une zone de contraintes, et facultativement son orientation et/ou amplitude.
PCT/IL2018/050784 2017-07-17 2018-07-16 Procédé et système permettant de déterminer l'emplacement de contraintes dans diamant WO2019016800A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL253531 2017-07-17
IL253531A IL253531B (en) 2017-07-17 2017-07-17 A method and system for mapping internal pressures in a diamond

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WO2019016800A1 true WO2019016800A1 (fr) 2019-01-24

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090147241A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2009-06-11 Galatea Ltd. Method for evaluation of a gemstone
WO2016092300A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Peter Reischig Procédé de génération d'une empreinte digitale pour une pierre précieuse au moyen de l'imagerie par rayons x
DE102015105944A1 (de) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Max Kobbert Bildgebendes Verfahren zur Erfassung von individuellen Merkmalen von Diamanten unter Verwendung von polarisiertem Licht und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090147241A1 (en) * 2005-08-22 2009-06-11 Galatea Ltd. Method for evaluation of a gemstone
WO2016092300A1 (fr) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-16 Peter Reischig Procédé de génération d'une empreinte digitale pour une pierre précieuse au moyen de l'imagerie par rayons x
DE102015105944A1 (de) * 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Max Kobbert Bildgebendes Verfahren zur Erfassung von individuellen Merkmalen von Diamanten unter Verwendung von polarisiertem Licht und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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