WO2019010923A1 - 一种金属铁的生产方法 - Google Patents

一种金属铁的生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019010923A1
WO2019010923A1 PCT/CN2017/117769 CN2017117769W WO2019010923A1 WO 2019010923 A1 WO2019010923 A1 WO 2019010923A1 CN 2017117769 W CN2017117769 W CN 2017117769W WO 2019010923 A1 WO2019010923 A1 WO 2019010923A1
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iron
reduction furnace
carbon
reduction
iron oxide
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PCT/CN2017/117769
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李菊艳
张国兴
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中冶南方工程技术有限公司
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Priority to JP2019572781A priority Critical patent/JP6964692B2/ja
Publication of WO2019010923A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019010923A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
    • C21B13/023—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/08—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces
    • C21B13/085—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in rotary furnaces wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and in particular relates to a method for producing metal iron.
  • a conventional method for producing direct reduced iron is to directly reduce iron oxide-containing iron ore or pellets with a reducing gas to obtain reduced iron, such as the Midrex method.
  • a reducing gas made of natural gas or the like is forcibly introduced into a shaft furnace from a tuyere located at the bottom of the shaft furnace to reduce iron oxide, thereby obtaining sponge iron.
  • the method of producing reduced iron is to replace natural gas with carbonaceous materials such as coal, and use coal as a reducing agent, such as rotary hearth furnaces, rotary kiln, etc., which are calcined by heating.
  • the pellets prepared with iron ore were reduced and sponge iron was obtained.
  • ITMK3 method a method of directly obtaining a metallic iron by a coal-based direct reduction step was developed, which was called ITMK3 method.
  • the direct reduced iron produced by this method does not contain the gangue component in the slag.
  • the metal iron has high purity and does not need to be melted, and can be directly used for electric furnace or converter steelmaking, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and cost of the steelmaking.
  • the metal iron is produced by the method, there arises a problem that in the final stage of the reduction reaction in the reduction furnace, the amount of the reducing gas generated is reduced, and the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the burner of the heating raw material is, for example, moisture.
  • the concentration of the oxidizing gas such as carbon dioxide is relatively increased, and the metal iron obtained by the reduction is reoxidized.
  • the reduced iron is more sufficiently reduced, and the more easily it is reoxidized. Therefore, in some cases, the reduced iron is not sufficiently carburized and melted, affecting product quality and metal yield.
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method of producing metallic iron, which can at least solve some of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for producing metallic iron, which comprises charging agglomerates containing iron oxide and a carbon-containing reducing material into a reduction furnace, heating the agglomerates to reduce and melt the iron oxide, and cooling the metal obtained by heating. Iron, and the cooled metallic iron is discharged from the reduction furnace, and the cooled metallic iron is recovered, wherein the heating of the iron oxide agglomerate is carried out under air-tight conditions.
  • the carbon-containing reducing material is added in an amount of 1.05 to 2 times the amount of the carbon-containing reducing material required to reduce the iron oxide.
  • the carbon-containing reducing material includes at least one of anthracite, lignite, and coke breeze.
  • the reduction and melting temperature of the iron oxide in the reduction furnace is controlled at 1350 to 1500 °C.
  • the carbonaceous reduction material has a particle size in the range of 0.3 to 3 mm.
  • the agglomerates are obtained by at least one of iron ore fines, metallurgical dust-removing iron dust, and red mud.
  • the binder used in the formation is at least one of calcium carbonate, slaked lime, molasses, and wheat flour.
  • the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: since the reduction reaction and the melting reaction are carried out under the condition of insulating air, the non-combustion air and the fuel enter the reduction furnace, and the atmosphere in the reduction furnace is a reducing atmosphere, thereby effectively suppressing the iron oxide in the The re-oxidation of iron during heating, reduction and melting inhibits the increase of FeO content in the gangue, reduces the sulfur content in the metallic iron, improves the quality of the product metallic iron, and protects the reducing furnace refractory.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the cloth of a pellet and a carbonaceous reducing agent according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the cloth of a pellet and a carbonaceous reducing agent according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing metallic iron, comprising: charging a briquettes containing iron oxide and a carbon-containing reducing material into a reduction furnace, heating the agglomerates to reduce and melt the iron oxide, and cooling is obtained by heating. The molten metal is discharged from the reduction furnace to recover the cooled metallic iron, wherein the heating of the iron oxide agglomerate is carried out under air-tight conditions.
  • the reduction reaction and the melting reaction are carried out under the condition of insulating air, the non-combustion air and the fuel enter the reduction furnace, and the atmosphere in the reduction furnace is a reducing atmosphere, which effectively suppresses the iron of the iron oxide during heating, reduction and melting. Oxidation again inhibits the increase of FeO content in the gangue, reduces the sulfur content in the metallic iron, improves the quality of the product metallic iron, and protects the reduction furnace refractory.
  • the amount of the carbon-containing reducing material is an excess of the carbon-containing reducing material, and specifically, the carbon-containing reducing material is added in an amount of 1.05 to 2 times the amount of the carbon-containing reducing material required for reducing the iron oxide.
  • Excessive carbon-containing reducing materials are used. When CO 2 is formed during the reduction process of iron oxides, due to excess carbon-containing reducing materials, a carbon reaction occurs with excess carbon-containing reducing materials to form CO, ensuring the absence of oxidizing gases in the furnace. It effectively inhibits the reoxidation of iron in the heating, reduction and melting of iron oxide.
  • the temperature in the reduction furnace is raised to 1300 ° C to 1500 ° C by heating outside the reduction furnace; and as the temperature in the reduction furnace increases, there is a process in which iron oxide is heated, reduced, and melted.
  • the external heat source heats the reduction furnace, the agglomerates containing the iron oxide and the carbon-containing reducing materials are heated by the conduction heat transfer between the furnace wall of the reduction furnace, the agglomerates and the carbon-containing reduction materials, and are reduced in the reduction furnace.
  • the obtained metal iron is not oxidized again; the temperature of the metal iron obtained by the reduction is further increased, and the carbon-containing reducing material in close contact with the surrounding is continuously carburized during the heating process; the temperature in the reduction furnace reaches the gangue and the metal iron soft.
  • the melting temperature (1300 ° C ⁇ 1500 ° C)
  • the metal iron and the gangue begin to melt and aggregate separately to achieve the purpose of separating the metal iron from the gangue to realize the production of metallic iron.
  • the agglomerate containing the iron oxide may be obtained by at least one of the iron-containing materials such as common iron ore fines, metallurgical dust-removing iron dust, and red mud.
  • the method of forming the ball may be by ball pressing the ball press or by ball making, etc., which is a conventional technique in the art and will not be described herein.
  • a binder and/or a co-solvent may be added as needed.
  • the binder used in the agglomeration is preferably at least one of calcium carbonate, slaked lime, molasses, and wheat flour. Get better pellet strength.
  • the carbonaceous reducing agent may or may not be added according to the production requirements, and the carbonaceous reducing agent may be added to increase the reduction reaction speed, and the purity of the produced metallic iron may be improved without adding.
  • the size of the briquettes can be selected according to the actual production conditions, and the diameter of the pellets is preferably 15 to 35 mm.
  • the mass comprises the following parts by weight:
  • the agglomerates including the above components have a high iron grade, which can ensure the subsequent reduction and melting reaction in the reduction furnace, and ensure the quality of the product metal iron.
  • the carbon-containing reducing material comprises at least one of anthracite, lignite and coke powder, wherein the reduction effect obtained by using anthracite or coke powder and the carburizing effect of metal iron are particularly preferable.
  • the particle size of the carbon-containing reducing material is controlled to be in the range of 0.3 to 3 mm, and the particle size is too small, so that the carbon-containing reducing material is blown into the furnace gas with the furnace gas to increase the amount of dust and coal consumption; Larger, the gasification rate is slow, which affects production efficiency.
  • the metal iron obtained by the reduction furnace is discharged from the reduction furnace, cooled, and then separated from the carbonaceous material by sieving or magnetic separation to obtain metallic iron, and the obtained carbonaceous material can be used as the above.
  • Carbon-containing reducing materials are reused.
  • the above reduction furnace may have the following structure:
  • a reduction furnace is a circular ring furnace, the axial direction of the reduction furnace is vertical and can rotate around its own axis, the agglomerate and the carbon-containing reduction material are laid on the bottom of the reduction furnace, using a heat source The bottom end of the reduction furnace is heated.
  • the production process is carried out in a coal-based shaft furnace comprising a combustion chamber, at least a portion of which is located in the combustion chamber through which heat is supplied to the reduction furnace; Further, a plurality of reduction furnaces may be employed to supply heat from the same combustion chamber.
  • the embodiment provides a method for producing metal iron, which specifically includes:
  • a pellet 200 containing iron oxide was produced.
  • the pelletizing method was to press the ball on the roller ball press.
  • the binder used was slaked lime, the binder ratio used was 3%, and the pellet 200 had a particle diameter of 18 mm.
  • composition of the pellet 200 is shown in the following table:
  • the pellets 200 to be formed are dried to have a water content of 1% or less.
  • the carbonaceous reducing agent 300 is selected, the carbonaceous reducing agent 300 used is lignite, and the average particle diameter is 0.8 mm.
  • the components of the carbonaceous reducing agent 300 used are as follows:
  • the dried pellets 200 and the carbonaceous reducing agent 300 are mixed and charged into the reduction furnace 100.
  • the reduction furnace 100 is a mobile annular reduction furnace, and the bottom is heated by a heat source, that is, provided by the a portion of the first embodiment.
  • Reduction furnace 100 As shown in Fig. 1, a pellet 200 and a carbonaceous reducing agent 300 are laid on the bottom of the reduction furnace 100, and the pellet 200 is tightly surrounded by the carbonaceous reducing agent 300.
  • the temperature in the reduction furnace 100 is raised to about 1380 ° C, and the residence time of the pellets 200 and the carbonaceous reducing agent 300 in the reduction furnace 100 is about 50 minutes.
  • the reduced metal iron is not oxidized again; the temperature of the metal iron obtained by the reduction is further increased, and the carbon-containing reducing material in close contact with the surrounding is continuously carburized during heating; the temperature in the reduction furnace 100 After reaching the gangue and metal iron reflow temperature, the metal iron and the gangue begin to melt and aggregate separately to achieve the purpose of separating the metal iron from the gangue, thereby realizing the production of metallic iron and effectively controlling the reoxidation of metallic iron in the reduction furnace 100.
  • the problem is the problem.
  • the embodiment provides a method for producing metal iron, which specifically includes:
  • a pellet 20 containing iron oxide is produced, the pelletizing method is a disc pelleting, the binder used is limestone, and coal powder is added to the pellet 20, and the coal powder is added in a proportion of 10% of the pellet mass 20%.
  • the binder used was in a ratio of 3%; the pellet 20 had a particle size of 15 mm.
  • composition of the pellet 20 is shown in the following table:
  • the pellets 20 to be formed are dried to have a water content of 1% or less.
  • the carbonaceous reducing agent 30 is selected, and the carbonaceous reducing agent 30 used is anthracite with an average particle diameter of 1 mm.
  • the carbonaceous reducing agent 30 used is as follows:
  • the dried pellets 20 and the carbonaceous reducing agent 30 are mixed and charged into the reduction furnace 10, and the reduction furnace 10 is a vertical reduction furnace 10.
  • the center line of the reduction furnace 10 in the height direction is perpendicular to the ground, and the heat source is used from the reduction furnace 10.
  • the periphery is heated, i.e., the reduction furnace 10 provided in part b of the first embodiment above is used.
  • a pellet 20 and a carbonaceous reducing agent 30 are added to the reduction furnace 10, and the pellet 20 is tightly surrounded by the carbonaceous reducing agent 30.
  • the temperature in the reduction furnace 10 was raised to 1400 ° C, and the residence time of the pellets 20 and the carbonaceous reducing agent 30 in the reduction furnace 10 was 3 hours.
  • the reduced metal iron is not oxidized again; the temperature of the metal iron obtained by the reduction is further increased, and the carbon-containing reducing material in close contact with the surrounding is continuously carburized during heating; the temperature in the reduction furnace 10 After reaching the gangue and metal iron reflow temperature, the metal iron and the gangue begin to melt and aggregate separately to achieve the purpose of separating the metal iron from the gangue, thereby realizing the production of metal iron and effectively controlling the reoxidation of the metal iron in the reduction furnace 10.
  • the problem is the problem.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种金属铁的生产方法，将含有铁氧化物的团块(200)与含碳还原物料(300)装入还原炉(100)内，采用还原炉外加热的方式，使铁氧化物在隔绝空气的条件下得以还原和熔融，冷却熔融态金属铁，并回收已冷却的金属铁。

Description

一种金属铁的生产方法 技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域，具体涉及一种金属铁的生产方法。
背景技术
生产直接还原铁的常规方法是用还原性气体将含氧化铁的铁矿石或球团直接还原而得到还原铁，如Midrex法。在这种类型的生产直接还原铁的方法中，由天然气等制成的还原气体强制地从位于竖炉底部的风口进入竖炉，以还原铁的氧化物，从而得到海绵铁。
而在缺乏天然气的国家和地区，生产还原铁的方法是用诸如煤之类的碳质物料取代天然气，用煤作还原剂，已知的如转底炉、回转窑等，通过加热使经焙烧的用铁矿石制备的球团还原，并得到海绵铁，之后日本在转底炉直接还原的基础上开发出了煤基直接还原一步获取金属铁的方法，称为ITMK3法。用这种方法生产的直接还原铁不包含炉渣中的脉石成分，金属铁纯度高，无需进行熔分，可直接用于电炉或转炉炼钢，大大降低的制钢的能耗和成本。
但是，在使用该方法制备金属铁时出现了如下问题：在还原炉内还原反应进行的最后阶段，产生的还原气的量减少，并且由加热原料的燃烧器燃烧所产生的作为废气的如水分和二氧化碳等氧化性气体的浓度相对增加，经还原得到的金属铁被再度氧化，特别是，在还原末期，还原铁进行还原越充分，其越容易被再氧化。因此，在某些情况下，还原铁未被充分地渗碳和熔融，影响产品质量和金属收得率。
发明内容
本发明实施例涉及一种金属铁的生产方法，至少可解决现有技术的部分缺陷。
本发明实施例涉及一种金属铁的生产方法，将含有氧化铁的团块与含碳还原物料装入还原炉内，加热团块将所述氧化铁还原和熔融，冷却通过加热所获得的金属铁，并从所述还原炉中排出已冷却的金属铁，回收该已冷却的金属铁，其中，对于氧化铁团块的加热，在隔绝空气的条件下进行。
作为实施例之一，所述含碳还原物料的加入量为还原所述铁氧化物所需含碳还原物料用量的1.05～2倍。
作为实施例之一，所述含碳还原物料包括无烟煤、褐煤、焦粉中的至少一种。
作为实施例之一，所述还原炉内氧化铁的还原和熔融温度控制在1350～1500℃。
作为实施例之一，所述含碳还原物料的粒度在0.3～3mm范围内。
作为实施例之一，所述团块为铁矿粉、冶金除尘含铁粉尘、赤泥中的至少一种造团得到。
作为实施例之一，造团所用的粘结剂采用碳酸钙、消石灰、糖蜜、小麦粉中的至少一种。
本发明实施例至少具有如下有益效果：由于还原反应及熔融反应在隔绝空气的条件下进行，无助燃空气和燃料进入还原炉内，还原炉内气氛为还原性气氛，有效抑制了铁氧化物在加热、还原、熔融过程中的铁的再次氧化，从而抑制了脉石中FeO含量的增加，降低了金属铁中的硫含量，提高了产物金属铁的质量，同时保护了还原炉耐材。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本发明实施例二中涉及的球团与碳质还原剂的布料示意图；
图2为本发明实施例三中涉及的球团与碳质还原剂的布料示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供一种金属铁的生产方法，包括：将含有氧化铁的团块与含碳还原物料装入还原炉内，加热团块将所述氧化铁还原和熔融，冷却通过加热所获得的金属铁，并从所述还原炉中排出已冷却的金属铁，回收该已冷却的金属铁，其中，对于氧化铁团块的加热，在隔绝空气的条件下进行。
本发明的原理大致如下：铁氧化物及含碳还原物料在加热过程中，铁氧化物发生还原反应生成CO 2(FeO+CO＝Fe+CO 2)，生产的CO 2在高温下与含碳还原物料发生布尔反应生成CO(C+CO 2＝2CO)，继续与铁氧化物发生还原反应，直至铁氧化物被还原成铁；继续加热，球团熔融，铁与脉石分离。由于还原反应及熔融反应在隔绝空气的条件下进行，无助燃空气和燃料进入还原炉内，还原炉内气氛为还原性气氛，有效抑制了铁氧化物在加热、还原、熔融过程中的铁的再次氧化，从而抑制了脉石中FeO含量的增加，降低了金属铁中的硫含量，提高了产物金属铁的质量，同时保护了还原炉耐材。
进一步优选地，上述方法中，含碳还原物料用量为采用过量的含碳还原物料，具体地， 含碳还原物料的加入量为还原铁氧化物所需含碳还原物料用量的1.05～2倍。采用过量的含碳还原物料，当铁氧化物还原反应过程中生成CO 2时，因含碳还原物料过剩，会与过剩的含碳还原物料发生布尔反应生成CO，保证炉内无氧化性气体存在，有效抑制铁氧化物在加热、还原、熔融过程中的铁的再次氧化。
上述方法中，优选地，通过还原炉外加热使还原炉内温度升至1300℃～1500℃；随着还原炉内温度的升高，大致存在铁氧化物被加热、被还原及熔融的过程，具体地：当外部热源加热还原炉时，含有铁氧化物的团块与含碳还原物料通过还原炉炉壁、团块以及含碳还原物料之间的传导传热而被加热，当还原炉内温度达到900℃左右时，含碳还原物料开始气化(C+CO 2＝2CO)，铁氧化物开始被还原(FeO+CO＝Fe+CO 2)，由于还原炉内处于还原性气氛，还原得到的金属铁不会被再次氧化；还原得到的金属铁温度进一步升高，并在加热过程中与周围紧密接触的含碳还原物料不断进行渗碳；还原炉内温度达到脉石及金属铁软熔温度(1300℃～1500℃)后，金属铁与脉石开始熔融并分别聚集，达到金属铁与脉石分离的目的，实现金属铁的生产。
接续上述方法，上述含有铁氧化物的团块可采用常用铁矿粉、冶金除尘含铁粉尘、赤泥等含铁物料中的至少一种造团得到。造团方法可以是通过对辊压球机压球或通过圆盘造球机造球等，这是本领域常规技术，此处不再赘述。一般地，造球过程中可根据需要加入粘结剂和/或助溶剂，本实施例中，造团所用的粘结剂优选为采用碳酸钙、消石灰、糖蜜、小麦粉中的至少一种，可获得较为理想的球团强度。造团过程中，可根据生产需要选择加入或不加入碳质还原剂，加入碳质还原剂可提高还原反应速度，不加入则可提高所生产的金属铁的纯净度。团块的尺寸可根据实际生产情况选择，以球团直径在15～35mm为佳。
本实施例中，例举一具体的含有铁氧化物的团块的组成：
该团块包括如下重量份数的组分：
58～65份的TFe，其中FeO为1～2.5份；
3.5～5份的CaO；
0.6～0.85份的Al 2O 3；
4～6.5份的SiO 2；
0.05～1.15份的MgO。
包括有上述组分的团块，具有较高的铁品位，可保证后续的还原炉内还原及熔融反应的顺利进行，保证产物金属铁的质量。
接续上述方法，本实施例中，上述含碳还原物料包括无烟煤、褐煤、焦粉中的至少一种， 其中以采用无烟煤或焦粉所获得的还原效果及金属铁渗碳效果尤佳。另外，优选地，控制上述含碳还原物料的粒度在0.3～3mm范围内，粒度过小易导致该含碳还原物料随炉气吹起而进入炉气，增加除尘量以及耗煤量；粒度过大则导致气化速度缓慢，影响生产效率。
接续上述方法，对于上述由还原炉得到的金属铁，由还原炉内排出，冷却后，经筛分或磁选使其与含碳物料分离，获得金属铁，而得到的含碳物料可作为上述含碳还原物料回用。
作为优选实施例，上述还原炉可以采用如下的结构：
a.所述还原炉为圆环形炉，所述还原炉的轴向为竖向且可绕自身轴线旋转，所述团块及所述含碳还原物料铺设于所述还原炉底部，采用热源对所述还原炉的底端加热。
b.生产过程在煤基竖炉中进行，所述煤基竖炉包括燃烧室，所述还原炉至少有部分区段位于所述燃烧室内，通过所述燃烧室为所述还原炉供热；进一步地，可以采用多个还原炉，由同一个燃烧室供热。
以下列举具体实施例对上述金属铁的生产方法进行进一步说明：
实施例二
本实施例提供一种金属铁的生产方法，具体包括：
首先制造含有铁氧化物的球团200，造球方式为对辊压球机压球，所用粘结剂为消石灰，所用粘结剂比例为3％，球团200粒径为18mm。
球团200成分如下表所示：
表1 球团成分
TFe FeO CaO Al 2O 3 SiO 2 MgO
62 1.5 3.8 0.69 5.9 0.09
对所造球团200进行干燥，含水率在1％以下。
其次选择碳质还原剂300，所用碳质还原剂300为褐煤，平均粒径0.8mm，所用碳质还原剂300成分如下表所示：
表2 碳质还原剂成分
固定碳 挥发分 水分
76 13.5 1.3
将干燥后的球团200和碳质还原剂300混匀，装入还原炉100内，还原炉100为移动式环形还原炉，采用热源进行底部加热，即采用上述实施例一中a部分所提供的还原炉100。 如图1，在还原炉100底部铺设一层球团200及碳质还原剂300，球团200被碳质还原剂300紧密包围。使还原炉100内温度升至1380℃左右，球团200及碳质还原剂300在还原炉100内的停留时间为50min左右。
当还原炉100内温度达到900℃左右时，含碳还原物料开始气化(C+CO 2＝2CO)，铁氧化物开始被还原(FeO+CO＝Fe+CO 2)，由于还原炉100内处于还原性气氛，还原得到的金属铁不会被再次氧化；还原得到的金属铁温度进一步升高，并在加热过程中与周围紧密接触的含碳还原物料不断进行渗碳；还原炉100内温度达到脉石及金属铁软熔温度后，金属铁与脉石开始熔融并分别聚集，达到金属铁与脉石分离的目的，实现金属铁的生产，有效地控制还原炉100内金属铁的再次氧化的问题。
实施例三
本实施例提供一种金属铁的生产方法，具体包括：
首先制造含有铁氧化物的球团20，造球方式为圆盘造球，所用粘结剂为石灰石，同时在球团20中加入煤粉，煤粉加入比例为球团20质量的10％，所用粘结剂比例为3％；球团20粒径为15mm。
球团20成分如下表所示：
表3 球团成分
TFe FeO CaO Al 2O 3 SiO 2 MgO
59 2.3 4.5 0.78 4.8 0.98
对所造球团20进行干燥，含水率在1％以下。
其次选择碳质还原剂30，所用碳质还原剂30为无烟煤，平均粒径1mm，所用碳质还原剂30如下表所示：
表4 碳质还原剂成分
固定碳 挥发分 水分
69 15.5 1.8
将干燥后的球团20和碳质还原剂30混匀，装入还原炉10内，还原炉10为立式还原炉10，还原炉10高度方向中心线与地面垂直，采用热源从还原炉10外围对其加热，即采用上述实施例一中b部分所提供的还原炉10。如图2，在还原炉10内加入球团20及碳质还原剂 30，球团20被碳质还原剂30紧密包围。使还原炉10内温度升至1400℃，球团20及碳质还原剂30在还原炉10内的停留时间为3h。
当还原炉10内温度达到900℃左右时，含碳还原物料开始气化(C+CO 2＝2CO)，铁氧化物开始被还原(FeO+CO＝Fe+CO 2)，由于还原炉10内处于还原性气氛，还原得到的金属铁不会被再次氧化；还原得到的金属铁温度进一步升高，并在加热过程中与周围紧密接触的含碳还原物料不断进行渗碳；还原炉10内温度达到脉石及金属铁软熔温度后，金属铁与脉石开始熔融并分别聚集，达到金属铁与脉石分离的目的，实现金属铁的生产，有效地控制还原炉10内金属铁的再次氧化的问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：将含有氧化铁的团块与含碳还原物料装入还原炉内，
    加热团块将所述氧化铁还原和熔融，冷却通过加热所获得的金属铁，并从所述还原炉中排出已冷却的金属铁，回收该已冷却的金属铁，其中，对于氧化铁团块的加热，在隔绝空气的条件下进行。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：所述含碳还原物料的加入量为还原所述铁氧化物所需含碳还原物料用量的1.05～2倍。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：所述含碳还原物料包括无烟煤、褐煤、焦粉中的至少一种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：所述还原炉内氧化铁的还原和熔融温度控制在1350～1500℃。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：所述含碳还原物料的粒度在0.3～3mm范围内。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：所述团块为铁矿粉、冶金除尘含铁粉尘、赤泥中的至少一种造团得到。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的金属铁的生产方法，其特征在于：造团所用的粘结剂采用碳酸钙、消石灰、糖蜜、小麦粉中的至少一种。
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