WO2019001571A1 - 一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统及其废水处理方法 - Google Patents

一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统及其废水处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2019001571A1
WO2019001571A1 PCT/CN2018/093711 CN2018093711W WO2019001571A1 WO 2019001571 A1 WO2019001571 A1 WO 2019001571A1 CN 2018093711 W CN2018093711 W CN 2018093711W WO 2019001571 A1 WO2019001571 A1 WO 2019001571A1
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buffer device
crystallizer
circulating crystallizer
circulating
liquid
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PCT/CN2018/093711
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English (en)
French (fr)
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田旭峰
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合众高科（北京）环保技术股份有限公司
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Priority to US16/342,984 priority Critical patent/US10766788B2/en
Publication of WO2019001571A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019001571A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F2001/5218—Crystallization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/01—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/11—Turbidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
    • C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a wastewater treatment system with a buffer device and a wastewater treatment method thereof.
  • a general wastewater treatment system includes a pretreatment subsystem, a falling film evaporator, a forced circulation crystallizer, a crystal filtration subsystem, and a centrifugal dewatering subsystem.
  • a pretreatment subsystem because the crystal size of the crystallizer is different and unstable, it is difficult to accurately determine the residence time of the crystal in the crystallizer.
  • a pipe plugging phenomenon often occurs in actual operation.
  • the blockage of the pipe causes the treatment efficiency of the entire wastewater treatment system to decrease and the energy consumption to increase, which is not conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a wastewater treatment system having a buffer device and a wastewater treatment method thereof, thereby solving the aforementioned problems existing in the prior art.
  • a wastewater treatment system having a buffer device includes: a wastewater pretreatment device, an evaporator, a circulation crystallizer, a crystal filtration device, a dehydration device, a primary buffer device, and a secondary buffer device.
  • the wastewater pretreatment device, the evaporator, the circulating crystallizer, the crystal filtration device, and the dehydration device are sequentially connected in sequence; one end of the primary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer; The other end is connected to the evaporator; the secondary buffer device is in two-way communication with the circulating crystallizer; the primary buffer device and the secondary buffer device each include a plurality of buffers, each buffer Providing a detection element associated with a liquid level, wherein the cyclic crystallizer is provided with a concentration-dependent detection element; the system further comprising a controller, the controller being in data communication connection with a central controller of the system, the control The device is also coupled to a level-related detection element and a concentration-related detection element, respectively.
  • the outlet and inlet of the circulating crystallizer, the first opening and the second opening of the primary buffer device, the secondary buffer outlet and the inlet, and the inlet and outlet of each buffer are both disposed and controlled And a power connection device that controls the flow of liquid in the buffer device.
  • the liquid level related detection element comprises a liquid level sensor; the detection element associated with the concentration is one or more of a density sensor, a conductivity meter and a turbidity sensor.
  • the main body structure of the damper is a pot-shaped structure
  • the pot-shaped structure is provided with a viewing port and a stirring device is arranged in the pot-shaped structure.
  • one end of the primary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer, and the other end is connected to the evaporator.
  • an outlet of the evaporator is connected to a first opening of the primary buffer device.
  • a first branch port of the circulating crystallizer is connected to a second opening of the primary buffer device;
  • the secondary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer, specifically: the second branch port of the circulating crystallizer is further connected to the inlet of the secondary buffer device, and the outlet of the secondary buffer device is The inlet connection of the circulating crystallizer.
  • the invention relates to a wastewater treatment method according to a wastewater treatment system with a buffer device, the method comprising:
  • step S1 there is further a step of controlling the flow of the liquid in the evaporator to the primary buffer until the liquid characteristic value in the primary buffer reaches a predetermined low threshold.
  • the method further comprises the step of controlling the flow of the liquid in the evaporator to the primary buffer until the liquid characteristic value in the primary buffer reaches a predetermined low threshold.
  • the liquid in the circulating crystallizer flows to the primary buffering device, and until the total amount of the liquid characteristic value liquid in the primary buffering device reaches a preset high threshold.
  • the circulating crystallizer of the device of the invention is respectively connected with a crystal filtering device, a primary buffer device and a secondary buffer device, and the liquid in the two-stage buffer device is sent back to the circulating crystallizer as needed, and then the forced circulation crystallizer is adjusted as needed.
  • Working state thereby reducing the generation of large salt in the circulating crystallizer and hanging the wall to achieve slowing of the pipe blockage.
  • the invention realizes the reduction of the running time of the high concentration wastewater, reduces the pipe blocking, and improves the operating efficiency of the device.
  • the wastewater is subjected to the method of the present invention to obtain more fine and uniform crystal nuclei. Therefore, the method of the present invention improves the crystallization effect and reduces the energy consumption.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the wastewater treatment system having a buffer device.
  • a wastewater treatment system with a buffer device includes: a wastewater pretreatment device, an evaporator, a circulating crystallizer, a crystal filtration device, a dehydration device, a primary buffer device, and a secondary buffer device.
  • the wastewater pretreatment device, the evaporator, the circulating crystallizer, the crystal filtration device, and the dehydration device are sequentially connected in sequence; one end of the primary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer; The other end is connected to the evaporator; the secondary buffer device is in two-way communication with the circulating crystallizer; the primary buffer device and the secondary buffer device each include a plurality of buffers, each buffer Providing a detection element associated with a liquid level, wherein the cyclic crystallizer is provided with a concentration-dependent detection element; the system further comprising a controller, the controller being in data communication connection with a central controller of the system, the control The device is also coupled to a level-related detection element and a concentration-related detection element, respectively.
  • the outlet and the inlet of the circulating crystallizer, the first opening and the second opening of the primary buffer device, the outlet and inlet of the secondary buffer device, and the inlet and outlet of each buffer are disposed
  • the controller also controls a power connection device in which a liquid flows in the buffer device.
  • the circulating crystallizer is a forced circulation crystallizer.
  • the detection element associated with the liquid level includes a liquid level sensor; the detection element associated with the concentration is one or more of a density sensor, a conductivity meter, and a turbidity sensor.
  • the buffer device is of any type as long as it can store waste water discharged from the forced circulation crystallizer.
  • the main structure of the buffer device is a can-shaped structure, and the observation port is opened on the can-shaped structure.
  • a plurality of buffers located in the same level of buffer are connected in parallel.
  • one end of the primary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer, and the other end is connected to the evaporator, specifically: the outlet of the evaporator and the first of the primary buffer device Opening, the first branch port of the circulating crystallizer is connected to the second opening of the primary buffer device;
  • the secondary buffer device is bidirectionally connected to the circulating crystallizer, specifically: the second branch port of the circulating crystallizer is further connected to the inlet of the secondary buffer device, and the outlet of the secondary buffer device is The inlet connection of the circulating crystallizer.
  • the wastewater treatment method of the wastewater treatment system with a buffer device comprising:
  • the contamination of the liquid flowing from the circulating crystallizer to the secondary buffer device is heavier than the contamination of the liquid flowing from the circulating crystallizer to the primary storage device.
  • the liquid level-related detecting element collects an index related to the liquid level and transmits it to the controller, and according to the index related to the liquid level, the controller obtains the liquid level value of the liquid in the buffer device ⁇ ;
  • the concentration-related detecting element collects a concentration-related index and transmits it to the controller, and according to the concentration-related index, the controller obtains the concentration value of the liquid in the circulating crystallizer;
  • the controller obtains the environmental parameters inside the wastewater treatment system obtained from the central controller at the current calculation time;
  • the liquid level-related detection element and the concentration-related detection element respectively determine the liquid level and the concentration-related characteristic value according to a preset time interval or learning an optimized time interval.
  • the detecting element may use a density meter to calculate the density of the wastewater, thereby calculating a corresponding concentration, and other existing detection techniques such as a conductivity meter may also be used.
  • the solution in the primary or secondary buffer device is separated from the forced circulation crystallizer and enters another cyclic crystallization state. Since the temperature and pressure of the primary or secondary buffer are different from those of the forced circulation mold, the mechanism of grain growth is different.
  • the technical engineer in the field chooses to increase the solution storage capacity of the primary or secondary buffer device at night, and utilizes the low temperature at night, although the grain growth rate is slow, but it is favorable to generate fine and uniform crystal nucleus, improve the crystallization effect, and also reduce Energy consumption.
  • the wastewater evaporation process is roughly divided into three stages: feed preheating, stable evaporation, and parking discharge.
  • Feed preheating After checking the equipment, start the feed pump, when the feed reaches the standard level of the crystallization separator set value, then start the forced circulation pump and the discharge pump, and the liquid level of the separator is set to the set value. At high liquid levels, the feed pump stops automatically and the feed is complete. Then gradually open the steam preheating valve, air compressor and other operations, so that the system enters a normal stable evaporation state.
  • the primary buffer device and the secondary buffer device in the present application operate only in the stable evaporation phase, causing the circulating crystallizer to become a fluctuating operating state.
  • a threshold ⁇ and a threshold ⁇ are set in advance: a threshold ⁇ and a threshold ⁇ , each threshold being a set of indicators.
  • the threshold ⁇ corresponds to a concentration ratio of 10%
  • the threshold ⁇ corresponds to a concentration ratio of 30%.
  • a primary buffer device and a secondary buffer device are introduced for the purpose of causing the concentration ratio of the circulating crystallizer to fluctuate between a threshold value ⁇ and a threshold value ⁇ .
  • the wastewater of the secondary buffer device is introduced into the circulating crystallizer, so that the characteristic value of the water quality of the final circulating crystallizer is greater than the threshold value ⁇ .
  • the grain in the wastewater which has been settled by the secondary buffer device is uniform, and the crystallization quality of the wastewater of the circulating crystallizer is improved.
  • the second working condition when the characteristic value of the water quality of the circulating crystallizer is greater than the threshold value ⁇ , the wastewater in the circulating crystallizer is introduced into the secondary buffer device. After a period of time, the wastewater of the primary buffer device is introduced into the circulating crystallizer so that the characteristic value of the water quality of the final circulating crystallizer is less than the threshold value ⁇ .
  • the third condition when the characteristic value of the water quality of the circulating crystallizer is between the threshold values ⁇ and ⁇ , the operation of the buffer device is stopped.
  • the outlet of the circulating crystallizer of the device of the invention is respectively connected with a crystal filtering device and a buffer device, and the liquid in the buffer device is transported back to the circulating crystallizer as needed, and then the working state of the forced circulation crystallizer is adjusted as needed, thereby reducing cyclic crystallization.
  • the operation time of the high-concentration wastewater of the device of the invention is reduced, the pipe blocking is reduced, and the operating efficiency of the device is improved.
  • the wastewater is subjected to the method of the present invention to obtain more fine and uniform crystal nuclei. Therefore, the method of the present invention improves the crystallization effect and reduces the energy consumption.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
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Abstract

一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，该系统包括按序顺次连通废水预处理装置、蒸发器、循环结晶器、晶体过滤装置和脱水装置，还包括一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置，一级缓冲装置一端与循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与蒸发器连接；二级缓冲装置与循环结晶器双向连通。一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统的废水处理方法：启动除一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置外的废水处理系统，待进入到稳定蒸发阶段时，在循环结晶器中进行波动式结晶，当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值达到预设结晶阈值时，浓缩后的液体由循环结晶器依次进入到晶体过滤装置、脱水装置生成结晶盐析出。

Description

一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统及其废水处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及废水处理领域，尤其涉及一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统及其废水处理方法。
背景技术
目前，通用的废水处理系统包括预处理子系统、降膜蒸发器、强制循环结晶器、晶体过滤子系统和离心脱水子系统。其中，因结晶器结晶的粒径大小不一且不稳定，故很难精确制定晶体在结晶器的停留时间。另外，由于结晶器内易形成大块盐，故在实际运行中经常会发生堵管现象。而，堵管造成整个废水处理系统的处理效率降低、能耗升高，不利于节能减排。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统及其废水处理方法，从而解决现有技术中存在的前述问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，所述系统包括：废水预处理装置、蒸发器、循环结晶器、晶体过滤装置、脱水装置、一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置；所述废水预处理装置、所述蒸发器、所述循环结晶器、所述晶体过滤装置、所述脱水装置按序顺次连通；所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接；所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通；所述一级缓冲装置和所述二级缓冲装置均包括多个缓冲器，每个缓冲器中设置与液位相关的检测元件，所述循环结晶器中设置与浓度相关的检测元件；所述系统还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述系统的中央控制器数据通信连接，所述控制器还分别与与液位相关的检测元件和与浓度相关的检测元件连接。
优选地，所述循环结晶器的出口和入口、所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口和第二开口、所述二级缓冲装置出口和入口、每个缓冲器的出入口均设 置与所述控制器且控制缓冲装置内液体流向的动力连接装置。
优选地，与液位相关的检测元件包括液位传感器；与所述浓度相关的检测元件为密度传感器、电导率仪和浊度传感器中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述缓冲器的主体结构为罐状结构，所述罐状结构上开设观察口且所述罐状结构内设置搅拌装置。
优选地，所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接，具体为：所述蒸发器的出口与所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口连接，所述循环结晶器的第一分支口与所述一级缓冲装置的第二开口连接；
所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通，具体为：所述循环结晶器的第二分支口还连接所述二级缓冲装置的入口，所述二级缓冲装置的出口与所述循环结晶器的入口连接。
本发明所述依据具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统的废水处理方法，所述方法包括：
S1，启动除一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置外的废水处理系统，待进入到稳定蒸发阶段时，进入S2；
S2，在循环结晶器进行结晶过程中，存在以下一种或几种工况：
工况一、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值K时，控制一级缓冲装置内的液体流向循环结晶器；
工况二、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值K时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向一级缓冲装置；
工况三、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
工况四、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
S3，当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值达到预设结晶阈值时，开启循环结晶器的出口，浓缩后的液体由循环结晶器依次进入到晶体过滤装置、脱水装置生成结晶盐析出。
优选地，在步骤S1与步骤S2之间，还存在以下步骤：控制蒸发器中 的液体流向一级缓冲装置，直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值达到预设低阈值为止。
更优选地，在工况一之后，还包括以下步骤：控制蒸发器中的液体流向一级缓冲装置，直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值达到预设低阈值为止。
更优选地，在工况二中，当循环结晶器内的液体流向一级缓冲装置，且直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值液体总量达到预设高阈值为止。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述装置的循环结晶器分别连接晶体过滤装置、一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置，两级缓冲装置中的液体根据需要被输送回循环结晶器，然后按需调整强制循环结晶器的工作状态，从而减少循环结晶器中大块盐的产生及挂壁，实现减缓堵管。
本发明实现了高浓度废水的运行时间占比降低，减少堵管，提高装置的运行效率。废水经过本发明所述方法得到较多细致、均匀的晶核，因此，本发明所述方法提高结晶效果、降低能耗。
附图说明
图1是所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
参照图1，本实施例所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，所述系统包括：废水预处理装置、蒸发器、循环结晶器、晶体过滤装置、脱水装置、一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置；所述废水预处理装置、所述蒸发器、所述循环结晶器、所述晶体过滤装置、所述脱水装置按序顺次连通；所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接；所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通；所述一级缓冲装置和所述二 级缓冲装置均包括多个缓冲器，每个缓冲器中设置与液位相关的检测元件，所述循环结晶器中设置与浓度相关的检测元件；所述系统还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述系统的中央控制器数据通信连接，所述控制器还分别与与液位相关的检测元件和与浓度相关的检测元件连接。
更详细的解释说明为：
在本实施例中，所述循环结晶器的出口和入口、所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口和第二开口、所述二级缓冲装置出口和入口、每个缓冲器的出入口均设置与所述控制器且控制缓冲装置内液体流向的动力连接装置。所述循环结晶器为强制循环结晶器。
在本实施例中，与液位相关的检测元件包括液位传感器；与所述浓度相关的检测元件为密度传感器、电导率仪和浊度传感器中的一种或多种。
在本实施例中，所述缓冲装置为任意类型的结构，只要能够储存由强制循环结晶器排出的废水即可。优选地，所述缓冲装置的主体结构为罐状结构，所述罐状结构上开设观察口。位于同一级缓冲装置中的多个缓冲器并联连接。
在本实施例中，所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接，具体为：所述蒸发器的出口与所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口连接，所述循环结晶器的第一分支口与所述一级缓冲装置的第二开口连接；
所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通，具体为：所述循环结晶器的第二分支口还连接所述二级缓冲装置的入口，所述二级缓冲装置的出口与所述循环结晶器的入口连接。
实施例2
本实施例所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统的废水处理方法，所述方法包括：
S1，启动除一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置外的废水处理系统，待进入到稳定蒸发阶段时，进入S2；
S2，在循环结晶器进行结晶过程中，存在以下一种或几种工况：
工况一、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值K时，控制一级缓 冲装置内的液体流向循环结晶器；
工况二、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值K时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向一级缓冲装置；
工况三、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
工况四、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
S3，当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值达到预设结晶阈值时，开启循环结晶器的出口，浓缩后的液体由循环结晶器依次进入到晶体过滤装置、脱水装置生成结晶盐析出。
在本实施例中，从循环结晶器流向二级缓存装置中的液体的污染情况重于循环结晶器流向一级缓存装置中的液体的污染情况。
更详细的解释说明
与液位相关的检测元件采集得到与液位相关的指数并传送给控制器，依据与液位相关的指数，控制器得到缓冲装置α内液体的液位值；
与浓度相关的检测元件采集得到与浓度相关的指数并传送给控制器，依据与浓度相关的指数，控制器得到循环结晶器内液体的浓度值；
控制器得到当前计算时刻从中央控制器获得的废水处理系统内部的环境参数；
在缓冲装置α内液体的液位值和循环结晶器内液体的浓度值的基础上，结合环境参数，得到当前计算时刻的指标。
(三)与液位相关的检测元件和与浓度相关的检测元件按照预先设置的时间间隔或者学习优化过的时间间隔分别液位和与浓度相关的特性值。
本实施例中，检测元件可以采用密度计来废水的密度，从而计算出对应的浓度，也可以采用电导率仪等其他现有检测技术。
在一级或二级缓冲装置与循环结晶器不进行液体流通时；一级或二缓冲装置内溶液脱离强制循环结晶器，进入另外一种循环结晶状态。因为一级或二缓缓冲装置的温度、压力不同于强制循环结晶器，晶粒生长的机制不同。本领域技术工程师选择夜间增加一级或二缓缓冲装置的溶液存储量， 利用夜晚的低温，虽然晶粒生长速度缓慢，但有利于生成细致、均匀的晶核，提高结晶效果，另外也能降低能耗。
(四)在本实施例中，由于废水先流经循环结晶器之后，当达到浓度经验值之后，开始输送到一级或二缓缓冲装置中存放，然后再输送到循环结晶器中进行高于浓度经验值的浓缩，因此，通过本申请所述系统和方法，使得循环结晶器的整个运行周期中，高浓度液体在结晶器内的运行时间占比降低，从而减少了堵管，提高了系统的运行效率。
更详细的实例：
本申请中，废水蒸发工艺流程大致分为三阶段：进料预热、稳定蒸发、停车卸料。
一、进料预热：检查完设备后，启动进料泵，进料达到结晶分离器设定值标准液位时，再启动强制循环泵和出料泵，待分离器液位到设定值高液位时，进料泵自动停止，进料完成。再逐步开启蒸汽预热阀、空气压缩机等操作，使系统进入正常稳定蒸发状态。
二、稳定蒸发：系统正常蒸发时，压缩机工作频率控制44—47Hz左右，工作电流540—570A，进料温度90℃，分离器液位1400mm，强制循环蒸发器压力1250bar左右。蒸发一段时间后，通过肉眼观察分离器盐腿视镜处结晶颗粒或通过取样口取样观察，有盐结晶颗粒时及时出料。
三、停车卸料：正常停车或因外界原因需要停止系统，先停止向系统内进料，再出尽盐腿内结晶物料，最后进自来水对设备按蒸发流程蒸发清洗。
本申请中的一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置仅在稳定蒸发阶段运行，使循环结晶器变为波动运行状态。
在废水处理过程开始前，预先设定设置两个阈值：阈值α和阈值β，每个阈值是一个指标的集合。
阈值α{
[循环结晶器液位：小于1200mm，循环结晶器电导率：大于832S/m， 温度95-970C，PH值8.31，一级缓冲罐平均液位：大于500mm]；
[循环结晶器液位：大于1200mm，循环结晶器电导率：小于1839S/m，温度89-940C，PH值8.33，一级缓冲罐平均液位：小于500mm]；
}
阈值β{
[循环结晶器液位：小于990mm，循环结晶器电导率：大于1931S/m，温度95-970C，PH值8.23，一级缓冲罐平均液位：大于570mm]；
[循环结晶器液位：大于990mm，循环结晶器电导率：小于1339S/m，温度89-940C，PH值8.03，一级缓冲罐平均液位：小于570mm]；
}
如本领域技术人员知：按照工程估算，阈值α相当于浓缩比10％，阈值β相当于浓缩比30％。在本申请中，引入一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置，目的使循环结晶器的浓缩比在阈值α至阈值β之间波动运行。
则废水处理系统运行时，存在以下任意一种工况：
第一种工况：循环结晶器的水质的特征值小于阈值α时，将二级缓冲装置的废水引入循环结晶器，使最终循环结晶器的水质的特征值大于阈值α。经二级缓冲装置静置过的废水内晶粒均匀，提高循环结晶器的废水结晶质量。
第二种工况：循环结晶器的水质的特征值大于阈值β时,将循环结晶器内废水引入二级缓冲装置。一段时间后，再将一级缓冲装置的废水引入循环结晶器，使最终循环结晶器的水质的特征值小于阈值β。
第三种工况：循环结晶器的水质的特征值介于阈值α和β之间时，停止缓冲装置的运行。
通过采用本发明公开的上述技术方案，得到了如下有益的效果：
本发明所述装置的循环结晶器的出口分别连接晶体过滤装置和缓冲装置，缓冲装置中的液体根据需要被输送回循环结晶器，然后按需调整强制循环结晶器的工作状态，从而减少循环结晶器中大块盐的产生及挂壁，实现减缓堵管。
本发明所述装置的高浓度废水的运行时间占比降低，减少堵管，提高装置的运行效率。废水经过本发明所述方法得到较多细致、均匀的晶核，因此，本发明所述方法提高结晶效果、降低能耗。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：废水预处理装置、蒸发器、循环结晶器、晶体过滤装置、脱水装置、一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置；
    所述废水预处理装置、所述蒸发器、所述循环结晶器、所述晶体过滤装置、所述脱水装置按序顺次连通；
    所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接；所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通；
    所述一级缓冲装置和所述二级缓冲装置均包括多个缓冲器，每个缓冲器中设置与液位相关的检测元件，所述循环结晶器中设置与浓度相关的检测元件；
    所述系统还包括控制器，所述控制器与所述系统的中央控制器数据通信连接，所述控制器还分别与与液位相关的检测元件和与浓度相关的检测元件连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，其特征在于，所述循环结晶器的出口和入口、所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口和第二开口、所述二级缓冲装置出口和入口、每个缓冲器的出入口均设置与所述控制器且控制缓冲装置内液体流向的动力连接装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，其特征在于，所述与液位相关的检测元件包括液位传感器；所述与浓度相关的检测元件为密度传感器、电导率仪和浊度传感器中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，其特征在于，所述缓冲器的主体结构为罐状结构，所述罐状结构上开设观察口且所述罐状结构内设置搅拌装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统，其特征在于，所述一级缓冲装置一端与所述循环结晶器双向连通，另一端与所述蒸发器连接，具体为：
    所述蒸发器的出口与所述一级缓冲装置的第一开口连接，所述循环结晶器的第一分支口与所述一级缓冲装置的第二开口连接；
    所述二级缓冲装置与所述循环结晶器双向连通，具体为：
    所述循环结晶器的第二分支口还连接所述二级缓冲装置的入口，所述二级缓冲装置的出口与所述循环结晶器的入口连接。
  6. 一种依据如权利要求1-5任意一项所述具有缓冲装置的废水处理系统的废水处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    S1，启动除一级缓冲装置和二级缓冲装置外的废水处理系统，待进入到稳定蒸发阶段时，进入S2；
    S2，在循环结晶器进行结晶过程中，存在以下一种或几种工况：
    工况一、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值K时，控制一级缓冲装置内的液体流向循环结晶器；
    工况二、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值K时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向一级缓冲装置；
    工况三、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值>预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
    工况四、当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值<预设阈值M时，控制循环结晶器内的液体流向二级缓冲装置；
    S3，当循环结晶器内的溶液特征值达到预设结晶阈值时，开启循环结晶器的出口，浓缩后的液体由循环结晶器依次进入到晶体过滤装置、脱水装置生成结晶盐析出。
  7. 根权利要求6所述废水处理方法，其特征在于，在步骤S1与步骤S2之间，还存在以下步骤：控制蒸发器中的液体流向一级缓冲装置，直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值达到预设低阈值为止。
  8. 根权利要求7所述废水处理方法，其特征在于，在工况一之后，还包括以下步骤：控制蒸发器中的液体流向一级缓冲装置，直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值达到预设低阈值为止。
  9. 根权利要求7所述废水处理方法，其特征在于，在工况二中，当循环结晶器内的液体流向一级缓冲装置，且直至一级缓冲装置内的液体特征值液体总量达到预设高阈值为止。
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