WO2018230034A1 - レンズ系、カメラシステム及び撮像システム - Google Patents
レンズ系、カメラシステム及び撮像システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018230034A1 WO2018230034A1 PCT/JP2018/004775 JP2018004775W WO2018230034A1 WO 2018230034 A1 WO2018230034 A1 WO 2018230034A1 JP 2018004775 W JP2018004775 W JP 2018004775W WO 2018230034 A1 WO2018230034 A1 WO 2018230034A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/18—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B9/00—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or -
- G02B9/64—Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - having more than six components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/0015—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design
- G02B13/002—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface
- G02B13/0045—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras characterised by the lens design having at least one aspherical surface having five or more lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/04—Reversed telephoto objectives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/08—Anamorphotic objectives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
- G03B17/02—Bodies
- G03B17/12—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/06—Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/005—Diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/698—Control of cameras or camera modules for achieving an enlarged field of view, e.g. panoramic image capture
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a lens system, a camera system, and an imaging system.
- An image formed by a lens that is not a central projection method is broken from a rectangle, and when a rectangular image sensor is used, the optical image and the image sensor do not overlap with each other, and the area of the photosensitive surface that is not used increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of capturing a panoramic image using a rectangular image sensor.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a circular image is formed into a rectangular image by using a circular lens as a fisheye objective lens, and is formed on a rectangular imaging device.
- a lens system capable of enlarging a subject in the center near the optical axis while effectively utilizing the area of the photosensitive surface of a rectangular image sensor, and a camera system and an imaging system including the lens.
- the lens system of the present disclosure is a lens system that forms an image on a rectangular imaging element disposed on the optical axis, and includes a first free-form surface lens that is asymmetric with respect to the optical axis.
- the free-form surface of the first free-form surface lens is an intersection of a circle separated from the optical axis by a predetermined ratio to the shortest image height and a first surface passing through the optical axis and parallel to the long side of the image sensor.
- the camera system according to the present disclosure includes the lens system according to the present disclosure, and a rectangular imaging device disposed at a position where the lens system forms an image on the optical axis.
- the imaging system according to the present disclosure includes the lens system according to the present disclosure, a rectangular imaging element disposed at a position where the lens system forms an image on the optical axis, and an image processing unit that processes an image generated by the imaging element. Prepare.
- the present invention it is possible to realize a lens system that enlarges the subject in the center near the optical axis while forming a substantially rectangular image, and a camera system and an imaging system including the lens system.
- Lens arrangement diagram showing an infinitely focused state of the lens system according to Embodiment 1 Lens arrangement diagram showing infinite focus state of lens system according to Embodiment 2
- Lens arrangement diagram showing an infinitely focused state of the lens system according to Embodiment 3 Schematic configuration diagram of a camera system according to Embodiment 4
- Schematic configuration diagram of an imaging system according to Embodiment 5 Aberration diagram showing spherical aberration and field curvature of infinitely focused state of lens system according to Numerical Example 1 The figure which shows the relationship between the field angle of an infinite focus state of a lens system which concerns on Numerical Example 1, and an image point.
- FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a lens system according to Embodiment 1, and represents an infinitely focused state.
- FIG. 1A is a YZ cross section
- FIG. 1B is an XZ cross section, and includes a lens system 111 having eight lens elements, and a rectangular imaging element 102 having a short side and a long side.
- the X direction is a direction parallel to the long side of the image sensor 102
- the Y direction is a direction parallel to the short side direction of the image sensor 102
- the Z direction is a direction parallel to the optical axis.
- the YZ cross section is a plane including the optical axis and parallel to the Y direction and the Z direction.
- the XZ cross section is a plane including the optical axis and parallel to the X direction and the Z direction.
- the lens system 111 includes five lens elements L1 to L5, an aperture stop A, and three lens elements L6 to L8 in order from the object side to the image plane side. Prepare.
- the imaging position of the lens system 111 is the image plane of the image sensor 102.
- the reference numerals are omitted.
- the lens system 111 includes, in order from the object side to the image plane side, a negative meniscus lens element L1 having a convex surface directed toward the object side, a biconcave lens element L2, a biconcave lens element L3, Convex lens element L4, positive meniscus lens element L5 having both aspherical surfaces with the convex surface facing the object side, aperture stop A, biconvex lens element L6, and image surface side
- a negative meniscus lens element L7 having a convex surface and a positive meniscus lens element L8 having a convex surface facing the object side.
- the lens element L6 and the lens element L7 are cemented.
- the lens element L1 is an example of a first lens element
- the lens element L2 is an example of a second lens element.
- the lens element L3 and the lens element L8 are both XY polynomial free-form surfaces on the object side and the image plane side.
- the free-form surface is marked with *.
- the lens element L3 is an example of a first free-form surface lens
- the lens element L8 is an example of a second free-form surface lens.
- the free-form surface on the image plane side of the lens element L3 includes a circle separated from the optical axis by a predetermined ratio to the shortest image height, and an XZ plane (first surface) passing through the optical axis and parallel to the long side of the image sensor.
- the free-form surface on the image plane side of the lens element L3 is at all the intersections with the XZ plane and the optical axis. It has a negative refracting power with respect to parallel rays and has a positive refracting power with respect to rays parallel to the optical axis at all intersections with the YZ plane.
- the surface data of each lens element will be described later.
- the shape of the surface of the free-form surface lens and the aspherical lens is expressed by the shape in the vicinity (vertex) of the optical axis in the Y direction.
- FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of lens systems according to the second embodiment.
- 2A is a YZ cross section
- FIG. 2B is an XZ cross section, showing a lens system 121 composed of eight lens elements and a rectangular imaging element 102 having short and long sides. Yes.
- the reference numerals are omitted.
- the lens system 121 of the second embodiment has the same number of lens elements, types, and arrangement order as the lens system 111 of the first embodiment, but the surface data of the lens system elements L1 to L8 is different. Differences in the plane data will be described later.
- the lens element L1 is an example of the first lens element
- the lens element L2 is an example of the second lens element
- the lens element L3 is an example of the first free-form surface lens
- the lens element L8 is the first lens element L8. It is an example of a 2 free-form surface lens.
- the free curved surface on the image plane side of the lens element L3 has negative refractive power with respect to a light ray parallel to the optical axis at all intersections with the XZ plane, and all intersections with the YZ plane. Thus, it has a positive refractive power with respect to light rays parallel to the optical axis.
- FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of lens systems according to the third embodiment.
- 3A is a YZ cross section
- FIG. 3B is an XZ cross section, showing a lens system 131 having eight lens elements and a rectangular imaging element 102 having short and long sides. Yes.
- the reference numerals are omitted.
- the lens system 131 of the third embodiment has the same number of lens elements as the lens system 111 of the first embodiment, but the type of the lens element L2 and the surface data of the lens system elements L1 to L8 are different.
- the lens element L2 has a negative meniscus shape with a convex surface facing the object side. Differences in the plane data will be described later.
- the lens element L1 is an example of the first lens element
- the lens element L2 is an example of the second lens element
- the lens element L3 is an example of the first free-form surface lens
- the lens element L8 is the first lens element L8. It is an example of a 2 free-form surface lens.
- the free curved surface on the image plane side of the lens element L3 has negative refractive power with respect to a light ray parallel to the optical axis at all intersections with the XZ plane, and all intersections with the YZ plane. Thus, it has a positive refractive power with respect to light rays parallel to the optical axis.
- the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3 have a plurality of lens elements and form an image on a rectangular imaging element 102 having a short side and a long side.
- the lens system includes a free-form surface lens that is rotationally asymmetric with respect to the optical axis as a lens element, and includes a plurality of lens elements, an aperture stop, and a plurality of lens elements in order from the object side to the image plane side. ing. With this configuration, it is possible to form a substantially rectangular image close to a rectangle.
- the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3 have a configuration having at least three or more lens elements that are rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis. With this configuration, it is possible to reduce the number of free-form surface lenses and to reduce the performance bias depending on the direction. Further, the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3 have an advantage that the calculation time can be shortened at the time of design.
- the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3 are configured to include, in order from the object side, a lens element L1 that is a meniscus having a negative power convex toward the object side, and a lens element L2 that has a negative power. .
- a lens element L1 that is a meniscus having a negative power convex toward the object side
- a lens element L2 that has a negative power.
- the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3 are fisheye lenses having a half angle of view of 80 ° or more, they can cover a wide angle of view. In general, in the case of a fisheye lens, it is difficult to form an image near the diagonal of the image sensor. However, by using the free-form surface lens according to the present disclosure, it is possible to form an image near the diagonal of the image sensor.
- a lens system that forms an image on a rectangular imaging device arranged on the optical axis includes a first free-form surface lens that is asymmetric with respect to the optical axis.
- the free-form surface of the first free-form surface lens is an intersection of a circle separated from the optical axis by a predetermined ratio to the shortest image height and an XZ plane passing through the optical axis and parallel to the long side of the image sensor.
- the predetermined ratio with respect to the shortest image height is preferably 40% to 80%, and more preferably 60%.
- the shortest image height indicates the shortest of the distance on the image plane from the image point by the light beam perpendicularly incident on the image sensor 102 to the end of the image circle formed by the lens system.
- the image sensor 102 has the shortest image height in the short side direction.
- the image at the center of the image circle is enlarged near the optical axis, and a large subject is photographed near the optical axis, leading to a high detection / recognition rate. Is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to enlarge the image circle of the fisheye lens, which is normally circular, particularly in the long side direction.
- a portion where the refractive power of the free-form surface is reversed between positive and negative a good image enlargement effect can be obtained.
- the portion where the refractive power is reversed between positive and negative is located at a distance of 40% to 80% (more preferably 60%) of the shortest image height in the radial direction from the optical axis. can get.
- the first free-form surface lens is configured to detect light rays parallel to the optical axis at the intersection of a circle separated from the optical axis by a predetermined ratio to the shortest image height and the XZ plane.
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment preferably satisfies the following condition (1).
- ⁇ LONG > 60 ° (1) here, ⁇ LONG : Maximum half field angle in the long side direction of the image sensor Condition (1) is a condition for defining the half field angle of the lens system. If the lower limit of the condition (1) is not reached, the angle of view of the lens system becomes narrow, the image circle can be close to a rectangle without having the basic configuration of the present embodiment, and the area of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102 can be reduced. It becomes easy to use effectively and deviates from the intention of the present application. In addition, it becomes difficult to control spherical aberration.
- a lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment such as the lens systems according to Embodiments 1 to 3, preferably satisfies the following condition (2).
- D LSHORT Long-side direction between an image point with respect to incident light in the long-side direction of the image sensor and an image point with respect to incident light perpendicular to the image-capturing element having an angle of view equal to the maximum half field angle in the short-side direction of the image-capturing element
- D SHORT Maximum distance in the short side direction between the image point with respect to incident light having the maximum half angle of view in the short side direction of the image sensor and the image point with respect to incident light perpendicular to the image sensor.
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment satisfies the following condition (3).
- ⁇ LONG Maximum half angle of view in the long side direction of the image sensor
- ⁇ SHORT Maximum half angle of view in the short side direction of the image sensor
- D LLONG Image point and imaging for incident light of the maximum half angle of view in the long side direction of the image sensor
- D SSHORT The image point with respect to the incident light having the maximum half angle of view in the short side direction of the image sensor and the image point with respect to incident light perpendicular to the image sensor
- the maximum distance condition (3) in the short side direction is a condition for defining the ratio between the maximum half field angle and the image height in the short side direction and the long side direction of the image sensor.
- the angle of view in the short side direction becomes too wide compared to the angle of view in the long side direction, making it difficult to control imaging performance, particularly field curvature.
- the image circle becomes too long in the long side direction, and it becomes difficult to effectively use the area of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102.
- the upper limit of the condition (3) is exceeded, the angle of view in the long side direction becomes too wide compared to the angle of view in the short side direction, making it difficult to control the imaging performance, particularly the field curvature.
- the image circle becomes too long in the short side direction, and it becomes difficult to effectively use the region of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102.
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment satisfies the following condition (4).
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment satisfies the following condition (5).
- L Total optical length of the lens system
- Fno. F value of the lens system
- D LLONG Maximum distance in the long side direction between the image point with respect to the incident light having the maximum half angle of view in the long side direction of the image sensor and the image point with respect to the incident light perpendicular to the image sensor
- the condition (5) is This is a condition that defines the relationship between the total optical length of the lens system, the F value of the lens system, and the image height in the long side direction. If the upper limit of the condition (5) is exceeded, the lens system becomes excessively large with respect to the F value of the lens system and the image circle, so that the size reduction cannot be achieved, and in addition, the control of the field curvature becomes difficult.
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment satisfies the following condition (6).
- n FREE Refractive index with respect to d-line of free-form surface lens
- Condition (6) is a condition that defines the refractive index with respect to d-line of a free-form surface lens. If the upper limit of the condition (6) is exceeded, the refractive index of the free-form surface lens becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to control astigmatism because the rays are bent sharply. This condition can be obtained even when one free-form surface lens in the lens system is satisfied, and when a plurality of free-form surface lenses are satisfied, the effect can be further achieved. .
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment has the aperture stop A between the object and the image sensor, and the following condition (7) Is preferably satisfied.
- N o Number of lens elements on the object side of the aperture stop
- N i Number of lens elements on the image plane side of the aperture stop
- Condition (7) is a condition that defines the number of lens elements before and after the aperture stop A. is there. If the lower limit of condition (7) is not reached, the number of lens elements on the image plane side with respect to the aperture stop A will increase too much, leading to an increase in the size of the lens system in the optical axis direction. In addition, the number of lens elements on the object side is smaller than that of the aperture stop A, making it difficult to control field curvature.
- the lens system having the basic configuration of the present embodiment has an aperture stop A between the object and the image sensor 102, and the object is more than the aperture stop A. It is preferable to have at least one first free-form surface lens on the side and at least one second free-form surface lens on the image plane side from the aperture stop A.
- the image circle of the lens system is not included in the image sensor 102.
- the image sensor is prevented from being included in the image sensor 102. It is possible to ensure good imaging performance on 102.
- Each lens element constituting the lens system according to Embodiments 1 to 3 is a refractive lens element that deflects incident light by refraction (that is, a type in which deflection is performed at an interface between media having different refractive indexes).
- Lens element a refractive lens element that deflects incident light by diffraction
- a refractive / diffractive hybrid lens element that deflects incident light by a combination of diffractive action and refractive action
- a refractive index that deflects incident light according to the refractive index distribution in the medium
- Each lens system may be composed of a distributed lens element or the like.
- Each lens constituting the lens system according to Embodiments 1 to 3 has a symmetric surface with respect to the long side or the short side of the image sensor 102, but even when an asymmetric surface is used, If the basic configuration of the present embodiment and each condition are satisfied, sufficient effects can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a camera system according to the fourth embodiment.
- a camera system 100 according to Embodiment 4 includes a lens system 111, an image sensor 102 that receives an optical image formed by the lens system 111 and converts it into an electrical image signal, and a camera body 103.
- the lens system of Embodiment 4 the lens system according to any of Embodiments 1 to 3 can be used.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a case where the lens system 111 according to Embodiment 1 is used as the lens system.
- a substantially rectangular image can be formed on the image sensor 102, and the photosensitive surface area of the rectangular image sensor 102 can be formed. It is possible to realize a camera system 100 that can obtain an image that effectively utilizes the above.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an imaging system according to the fifth embodiment.
- the imaging optical system 201 used in the imaging system 200 according to the fifth embodiment includes the lens system according to any one of the first to third embodiments, like the camera system 100 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the image processing unit 202 By processing an image obtained by the imaging optical system 201 by the image processing unit 202, it is possible to transform and process the image into an image applicable to various applications.
- the image processing unit 202 may be inside or outside the camera body 103 (see FIG. 4).
- FIG. 6 is a spherical aberration diagram and an astigmatism diagram of the lens system 111 according to Numerical Example 1 in an infinitely focused state.
- Spherical aberration SA
- astigmatism AST-V
- astigmatism AST-H
- astigmatism in the diagonal direction AST-D
- the horizontal axis represents spherical aberration
- the vertical axis represents pupil height.
- the solid line is the d line
- the short broken line is the C line
- the long broken line is the F line characteristic.
- the horizontal axis represents astigmatism and the vertical axis represents the angle of view.
- the solid line is the characteristic of the YZ plane (y direction in the figure), and the broken line is the characteristic of the XZ plane (x direction in the figure).
- Embodiment 1 uses only the even terms of x and y in the XY polynomial, the astigmatism AST-D in the diagonal direction is the same in any direction because it is symmetric with respect to the x axis and the y axis. Become.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of view and the image point in the infinitely focused state of the lens system 111 according to Numerical Example 1.
- FIG. 7 plots image points every 10 ° of the angle of view in the first quadrant of the image plane with the optical axis as the origin (0, 0).
- Other quadrants have a relationship with the first quadrant that is symmetric with respect to the vertical and horizontal axes. It can be seen that the shape of the image plane is enlarged compared to a normal rotationally symmetric lens, and the area of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102 can be effectively utilized. Further, it can be seen that the central image near the optical axis can be enlarged more than the peripheral image away from the optical axis, as particularly noticeable in the X image height direction.
- the lens system 111 of Numerical Example 1 corresponds to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG.
- Surface data of the lens system 111 of Numerical Example 1 are shown in Table 1, various data are shown in Table 2, and the fifth, sixth, ninth, tenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth surfaces are aspheric.
- Free surface data is shown in Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7 and Table 8, respectively.
- FIG. 8 is a spherical aberration diagram and an astigmatism diagram of the lens system 121 according to Numerical Example 2 in an infinitely focused state.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of view and the image point in the infinitely focused state of the lens system 121 according to Numerical Example 2.
- the shape of the image plane is enlarged and the area of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102 can be effectively used as compared with a normal rotationally symmetric lens.
- the lens system 121 of Numerical Example 2 corresponds to the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- Surface data of the lens system 121 of Numerical Example 2 are shown in Table 9, various data are shown in Table 10, and the fifth, sixth, ninth, tenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth surfaces are aspheric. Free surface data is shown in Table 11, Table 12, Table 13, Table 14, Table 15, and Table 16, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the field angle and the image point in the infinitely focused state of the lens system 131 according to Numerical Example 3.
- the shape of the image surface is enlarged and the area of the photosensitive surface of the rectangular image sensor 102 can be effectively used as compared with a normal rotationally symmetric lens.
- the lens system 131 of Numerical Example 3 corresponds to Embodiment 3 shown in FIG.
- Surface data of the lens system 131 of Numerical Example 3 are shown in Table 17, various data are shown in Table 18, and the fifth, sixth, ninth, tenth, fifteenth and sixteenth surfaces are aspherical.
- Free surface data is shown in Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, Table 22, Table 23, and Table 24, respectively.
- Table 25 shows the corresponding values for each condition in the lens system of each numerical example.
- the lens system according to the present embodiment is applicable to digital still cameras, digital video cameras, mobile phone device cameras, PDA (Personal Digital Assistance) cameras, surveillance cameras in surveillance systems, web cameras, in-vehicle cameras, etc. It is suitable for a photographing optical system that requires high image quality, such as a digital still camera system and a digital video camera system.
- the lens system according to the present embodiment is also provided in the interchangeable lens apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係るレンズ系の配置図であり、無限遠合焦状態を表している。
図2は、実施の形態2に係るレンズ系の配置図である。図2の(a)はYZ断面で、図2の(b)はXZ断面で、8枚のレンズ素子からなるレンズ系121と、短辺と長辺を有する矩形の撮像素子102とを表している。図2の(b)では符号を省略している。実施の形態2のレンズ系121は、実施の形態1のレンズ系111と比較して、レンズ素子の枚数、種類及び配置順が同じで、各レンズ系素子L1~L8の面データが異なる。面データの相違点については、後述する。レンズ系121において、レンズ素子L1は第1レンズ素子の一例であり、レンズ素子L2は第2レンズ素子の一例であり、レンズ素子L3は第1自由曲面レンズの一例であり、レンズ素子L8は第2自由曲面レンズの一例である。
図3は、実施の形態3に係るレンズ系の配置図である。図3の(a)はYZ断面で、図3の(b)はXZ断面で、8枚のレンズ素子を有するレンズ系131と、短辺と長辺を有する矩形の撮像素子102とを表している。図3の(b)では符号を省略している。実施の形態3のレンズ系131は、実施の形態1のレンズ系111と比較して、レンズ素子の枚数が同じで、レンズ素子L2の種類及び各レンズ系素子L1~L8の面データが異なる。レンズ素子L2は、物体側に凸面を向けた負メニスカス形状である。面データの相違点については、後述する。レンズ系131において、レンズ素子L1は第1レンズ素子の一例であり、レンズ素子L2は第2レンズ素子の一例であり、レンズ素子L3は第1自由曲面レンズの一例であり、レンズ素子L8は第2自由曲面レンズの一例である。
実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系は、複数枚のレンズ素子を有し、短辺と長辺を有する矩形の撮像素子102に結像させる。そして、レンズ系は、レンズ素子として光軸に対して回転非対称である自由曲面レンズを含み、物体側から像面側へと順に、複数枚のレンズ素子、開口絞り、複数枚のレンズ素子を備えている。この構成により、矩形に近い略矩形の像を結像することが可能となる。
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
条件(1)は、レンズ系の半画角を規定するための条件である。条件(1)の下限を下回ると、レンズ系の画角が狭くなり、本実施の形態の基本構成を有しなくともイメージサークルが矩形に近くでき、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域を有効活用しやすくなり、本願の意図と乖離してくる。また、球面収差の制御が困難となる。
ωLONG>90° ・・・(1)’’
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、以下の条件(2)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
DLSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角と等しい画角の、撮像素子の長辺方向の入射光に対する像点と、撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
DSSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との短辺方向の最大距離
条件(2)は、撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点について、撮像素子の短辺方向の像高よりも、長辺方向の像高の方が長くなることを規定するための条件である。条件(2)の下限を下回ると、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域の有効活用が困難になる。または、像面湾曲の制御が困難になる。
1.6<DLSHORT/DSSHORT ・・・(2)’’
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、以下の条件(3)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
ωSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角
DLLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
DSSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との短辺方向の最大距離
条件(3)は、撮像素子の短辺方向と長辺方向の、最大半画角と像高の比を規定するための条件である。条件(3)の下限を下回ると、短辺方向の画角が長辺方向の画角に比較して広くなりすぎ、結像性能、特に像面湾曲の制御が困難になる。あるいはイメージサークルが長辺方向に長くなりすぎ、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域の有効活用が困難になる。条件(3)の上限を上回ると、長辺方向の画角が短辺方向の画角に比較して広くなりすぎ、結像性能、特に像面湾曲の制御が困難になる。あるいはイメージサークルが短辺方向に長くなりすぎ、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域の有効活用が困難になる。
0.6 <DSSHORT×ωLONG/(DLLONG×ωSHORT)<0.8 ・・・(3)’’
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、以下の条件(4)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
ωSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角
条件(4)は、最大半画角について、撮像素子の長辺方向と短辺方向の差を規定する条件である。条件(4)の下限を下回ると、短辺方向の画角が長辺方向の画角に比較して等しい、あるいは大きくなってしまい、極めていびつな形状で結像してしまうことになり、画角あたりの解像度が長辺方向と短辺方向で大きく変わってしまう。また、球面収差が長辺方向と短辺方向で大きく変化してしまい、制御が困難になる。
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、以下の条件(5)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
L:レンズ系の光学全長
Fno.:レンズ系のF値
DLLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
条件(5)は、レンズ系の光学全長とレンズ系のF値、長辺方向の像高の関係を規定する条件である。条件(5)の上限を上回ると、レンズ系のF値、イメージサークルに対してレンズ系が肥大化しすぎ、小型化を達成できず、加えて像面湾曲の制御が困難となる。
L×Fno./DLLONG<25 ・・・(5)’’
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、以下の条件(6)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
nFREE:自由曲面レンズのd線に対する屈折率
条件(6)は、自由曲面レンズのd線に対する屈折率を規定する条件である。条件(6)の上限を上回ると、自由曲面レンズの屈折率が高くなりすぎ、急激に光線を曲げることから非点収差の制御が困難になる。なお、本条件はレンズ系の中の1枚の自由曲面レンズが満足していても効果を得られるし、複数枚の自由曲面レンズが満足している場合は、さらに効果を奏功させることができる。
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、物体と撮像素子との間に開口絞りAを有し、以下の条件(7)を満足することが好ましい。
ここで、
No:開口絞りよりも物体側のレンズ素子の枚数
Ni:開口絞りよりも像面側のレンズ素子の枚数
条件(7)は、開口絞りA前後のレンズ素子の枚数差を規定する条件である。条件(7)の下限を下回ると、開口絞りAよりも像面側のレンズ素子の枚数が増えすぎ、レンズ系の光軸方向の大型化を招いてしまう。また、開口絞りAよりも物体側のレンズ素子の枚数が少なく、像面湾曲の制御が困難となる。条件(7)の上限を上回ると、開口絞りAよりも物体側のレンズ素子の枚数が増えすぎ、レンズ系の径方向への大型化を招いてしまう。また、開口絞りAよりも像面側のレンズ素子の枚数が少なく、球面収差の制御が困難となる。
例えば、実施の形態1~3に係るレンズ系のように、本実施の形態の基本構成を有するレンズ系は、物体と撮像素子102との間に開口絞りAを有し、開口絞りAより物体側に少なくとも1枚の第1自由曲面レンズを有し、開口絞りAより像面側に少なくとも1枚の第2自由曲面レンズを有することが好ましい。本構成を採ることで、長辺方向、短辺方向、対角方向、いずれの方向でも像面湾曲を小さくすることができるという利点がある。
図4は実施の形態4に係るカメラシステムの概略構成図である。実施の形態4に係るカメラシステム100は、レンズ系111と、レンズ系111によって形成される光学像を受光して、電気的な画像信号に変換する撮像素子102と、カメラ本体103を含む。実施の形態4のレンズ系は、実施の形態1~3いずれかに係るレンズ系を用いることができる。図4は、レンズ系として実施の形態1に係るレンズ系111を用いた場合を図示している。
図5は実施の形態5に係る撮像システムの概略構成図である。実施の形態5に係る撮像システム200に用いられている撮像光学系201は、実施の形態4のカメラシステム100のように、実施の形態1~3いずれかに係るレンズ系を含んでいる。撮像光学系201で得られた画像を、画像処理部202で処理することで、さまざまなアプリケーションに応用可能な画像に変形、加工することが可能となる。なお、画像処理部202はカメラ本体103(図4参照)の内部または外部のどちらにあっても良い。
以下、実施の形態1に係るレンズ系111を具体的に実施した数値実施例1を説明する。なお、数値実施例1において、図や表中の長さの単位は「mm」であり、画角の単位は「°」である。また、数値実施例1において、曲率半径r、面間隔d、d線に対する屈折率nd、d線に対するアッベ数νdを示す。非球面及び自由曲面のZ軸に平行な面のサグ量zはそれぞれ、数式1及び数式2で定義している。
h:径方向の高さ
k:コーニック定数
An:n次の非球面係数
c:頂点曲率
k:コーニック定数
cj:係数
図6は、数値実施例1に係るレンズ系111の無限遠合焦状態の球面収差図及び非点収差図であり、左側から順に、撮像素子102の短辺方向の球面収差(SA)、非点収差(AST―V)、撮像素子102の長辺方向の非点収差(AST―H)、対角方向の非点収差(AST―D)を示す。球面収差の図において、横軸は球面収差を、縦軸は瞳高さを表している。そして、実線はd線、短破線はC線、長破線はF線の特性である。非点収差の図において、横軸は非点収差を、縦軸は画角を表している。そして、実線はYZ平面(図中、y方向)、破線はXZ平面(図中、x方向)の特性である。
図8は、数値実施例2に係るレンズ系121の無限遠合焦状態の球面収差図及び非点収差図である。また、図9は、数値実施例2に係るレンズ系121の無限遠合焦状態の画角と像点の関係を示した図である。図9に示すレンズ系121の場合も、通常の回転対称レンズに比較して、像面の形状が拡大され、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域を有効活用できていることが分かる。特にX像高方向で顕著なように、光軸付近の中央部の像が光軸から離れた周辺部の像よりも拡大できていることが分かる。数値実施例2のレンズ系121は、図2に示した実施の形態2に対応する。数値実施例2のレンズ系121の面データを表9に、各種データを表10に、第5面、第6面、第9面、第10面、第15面、および第16面の非球面・自由曲面データをそれぞれ表11、表12、表13、表14、表15および表16に示す。
図10は、数値実施例3に係るレンズ系131の無限遠合焦状態の球面収差図及び非点収差図である。また、図11は、数値実施例3に係るレンズ系131の無限遠合焦状態の画角と像点の関係を示した図である。図11に示すレンズ系131の場合も、通常の回転対称レンズに比較して、像面の形状が拡大され、矩形の撮像素子102の感光面の領域を有効活用できていることが分かる。特にX像高方向で顕著なように、光軸付近の中央部の像が光軸から離れた周辺部の像よりも拡大できていることが分かる。数値実施例3のレンズ系131は、図3に示した実施の形態3に対応する。数値実施例3のレンズ系131の面データを表17に、各種データを表18に、第5面、第6面、第9面、第10面、第15面、および第16面の非球面・自由曲面データをそれぞれ表19、表20、表21、表22、表23、および表24に示す。
111,121,131 レンズ系
102 撮像素子
103 カメラ本体
200 撮像システム
201 撮像光学系
202 画像処理部
A 開口絞り
L1~L8 レンズ素子
Claims (18)
- 光軸に配置された矩形の撮像素子に結像するレンズ系であって、
前記光軸に対して非対称である第1自由曲面レンズを備え、
前記第1自由曲面レンズの自由曲面は、
前記光軸から最短像高に対する所定の比率の長さ離れた円と、前記光軸を通り前記撮像素子の長辺に平行な第1面との交点で、前記光軸と平行な光線に対し負の屈折力を有し、
前記光軸から最短像高に対する所定の比率の長さ離れた円と、前記光軸を通り前記撮像素子の短辺に平行な第2面との交点で、前記光軸と平行な光線に対し正の屈折力を有する、
レンズ系。 - 前記所定の比率は40%~80%である、
請求項1に記載のレンズ系。 - 開口絞りを有し、
前記第1自由曲面レンズは前記開口絞りより物体側に位置する、
請求項1又は2に記載のレンズ系。 - 前記開口絞りより像面側に第2自由曲面レンズを有する、
請求項3に記載のレンズ系。 - 前記第2自由曲面レンズは最も像面側に配置され、物体側と像面側の両面が自由曲面である、
請求項4に記載のレンズ系。 - 物体側から順に、物体側に凸形状の負のパワーを有するメニスカスである第1レンズ素子と、負のパワーを有する第2レンズ素子を有する、
請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のレンズ系。 - 前記第1自由曲面レンズは前記第2レンズ素子の像面側に配置され、少なくとも物体側が自由曲面である、
請求項6に記載のレンズ系。 - 前記光軸に対して回転対称なレンズ素子を少なくとも3つ以上有する、
請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のレンズ系。 - 以下の条件(1)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
ωLONG>60° ・・・(1)
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
である。 - 以下の条件(2)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
1<DLSHORT/DSSHORT ・・・(2)
ここで、
DLSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角と等しい画角の、撮像素子の長辺方向の入射光に対する像点と、撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
DSSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との短辺方向の最大距離
である。 - 以下の条件(3)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
0.5<DSSHORT×ωLONG/(DLLONG×ωSHORT)<1 ・・・(3)
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
ωSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角
DLLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
DSSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との短辺方向の最大距離
である。 - 以下の条件(4)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
ωLONG-ωSHORT>0 ・・・(4)
ここで、
ωLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角
ωSHORT:撮像素子の短辺方向の最大半画角
である。 - 以下の条件(5)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
L×Fno./DLLONG<40 ・・・(5)
ここで、
L:レンズ系の光学全長
Fno.:レンズ系のF値
DLLONG:撮像素子の長辺方向の最大半画角の入射光に対する像点と撮像素子に垂直な入射光に対する像点との長辺方向の最大距離
である。 - 以下の条件(6)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
nFREE<1.7 ・・・(6)
ここで、
nFREE:第1又は第2自由曲面レンズのd線に対する屈折率
である。 - レンズ素子と開口絞りとをさらに有し、以下の条件(7)を満足する、請求項1に記載のレンズ系:
-3≦No-Ni≦3 ・・・(7)
ここで、
No:開口絞りよりも物体側のレンズ素子(第1自由曲面レンズを含む)の枚数
Ni:開口絞りよりも像面側のレンズ素子の枚数
である。 - 前記レンズ系のイメージサークルが、前記撮像素子で包含されない、
請求項1に記載のレンズ系。 - 請求項1に記載のレンズ系と、
前記光軸で前記レンズ系が結像する位置に配置された矩形の前記撮像素子と、を備える、
カメラシステム。 - 請求項1に記載のレンズ系と、
前記光軸で前記レンズ系が結像する位置に配置された矩形の前記撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子が生成する画像を処理する画像処理部と、を備える、
撮像システム。
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EP (1) | EP3640700A4 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6607426B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (5)
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CN110505384A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-26 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 成像系统、终端和图像获取方法 |
WO2021065092A1 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レンズ系、撮像装置及び撮像システム |
WO2021065091A1 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レンズ系、撮像装置及び撮像システム |
US11012621B2 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2021-05-18 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Imaging device having capability of increasing resolution of a predetermined imaging area using a free-form lens |
JP2022023761A (ja) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-08 | ジョウシュウシ レイテック オプトロニクス カンパニーリミテッド | 撮像光学レンズ |
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JP7117605B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-13 | 2022-08-15 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レンズ系、カメラシステム及び撮像システム |
CN114384671B (zh) * | 2022-01-27 | 2023-10-20 | 杭州电子科技大学 | 广角变形摄像镜头 |
KR20240035164A (ko) * | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-15 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 광학계 및 이를 포함하는 카메라 장치 |
KR20240044749A (ko) * | 2022-09-29 | 2024-04-05 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 광학계 및 이를 포함하는 카메라 장치 |
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US11012621B2 (en) | 2019-05-24 | 2021-05-18 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Imaging device having capability of increasing resolution of a predetermined imaging area using a free-form lens |
CN110505384A (zh) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-26 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 成像系统、终端和图像获取方法 |
WO2021065092A1 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | レンズ系、撮像装置及び撮像システム |
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Also Published As
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JP7108934B2 (ja) | 2022-07-29 |
US11327278B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
JP2020024439A (ja) | 2020-02-13 |
KR20200017404A (ko) | 2020-02-18 |
EP3640700A4 (en) | 2020-06-10 |
JP6607426B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
CN110730920A (zh) | 2020-01-24 |
US20200116982A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
EP3640700A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
CN110730920B (zh) | 2022-05-10 |
JPWO2018230034A1 (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
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