WO2018226025A1 - 모터 구동 장치 - Google Patents
모터 구동 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018226025A1 WO2018226025A1 PCT/KR2018/006429 KR2018006429W WO2018226025A1 WO 2018226025 A1 WO2018226025 A1 WO 2018226025A1 KR 2018006429 W KR2018006429 W KR 2018006429W WO 2018226025 A1 WO2018226025 A1 WO 2018226025A1
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- command value
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- speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor drive device, and more particularly, a motor that selectively performs in-phase overmodulation compensation or minimum distance overmodulation compensation according to the command speed when the output voltage command value of the inverter is an overmodulation voltage. It relates to a drive device.
- Small precision control motors are largely divided into AC motors, DC motors, Brushless DC motors and Reluctance motors.
- BLDC motor is a motor without brush and commutator. Mechanical friction loss, spark and noise do not occur in principle, and it is excellent in speed control and torque control. In addition, there is no loss due to speed control and high efficiency as a small motor is widely used in products of the home appliance field.
- the BLCD motor may include an inverter for providing a three-phase alternating voltage and a control unit for controlling the output voltage of the inverter.
- the control unit may control the inverter using a PWM control scheme.
- the control unit may control the output voltage of the inverter by using a space vector PWM (SVPWN).
- SVPWN space vector PWM
- control unit can improve the output voltage and control performance by using an overmodulation compensation scheme.
- the overmodulation compensation scheme used in the control unit may include a co-phase overmodulation compensation scheme and a minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme.
- the manufacturer has a difficulty in considering the trade-off relationship between the in-phase overmodulation compensation scheme and the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme when operating the motor driving apparatus.
- An object of the present invention when the output voltage command value used to control the inverter is relatively small, by using the in-phase over-modulation compensation method to improve the control performance, when the output voltage command value is relatively large, the minimum distance over-modulation compensation method It is to provide a motor drive device that can implement a high output using.
- the motor driving apparatus includes an inverter for driving a motor using an alternating voltage, and a control unit for controlling the operation of a switching element included in the inverter.
- the control unit operates in different first or second modes according to the command speed.
- the control unit of the first mode performs the in-phase overmodulation compensation operation of reducing the magnitude of the output voltage command value vector while maintaining the phase of the output voltage command value vector.
- the control unit of the second mode performs a minimum distance overmodulation compensation operation of changing the output voltage command value vector to the minimum distance point between the output voltage command value vector and the space vector region.
- the motor driving apparatus may improve the control performance by reducing the voltage ripple and harmonics by performing the in-phase overmodulation compensation scheme.
- the high speed operation of the motor driving apparatus may be enabled by increasing the average output voltage using the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme. Through this, the motor driving apparatus can improve the operational stability by selecting the most efficient overmodulation compensation scheme according to the situation, and can secure a high output required for high speed operation.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a motor driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of the control unit of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the inverter of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing a pulse width modulation scheme based on a space vector.
- 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining an in-phase overmodulation compensation scheme.
- 9 and 10 are diagrams for describing a method of generating a compensation voltage command value in the control unit of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- 14 to 16 are diagrams for describing an extreme voltage waveform according to overmodulation compensation of a motor driving apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a motor driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a motor driving apparatus may include a motor 110, an inverter 120, and a control unit 130.
- the motor 110 may include a stator wound around a three-phase coil (not shown) and a rotor disposed in the stator and rotating by a magnetic field generated in the three-phase coil.
- the motor 110 rotates the permanent magnet included in the rotor according to the magnetic field generated by the three-phase coil.
- the present invention is not limited to a three-phase motor operated by a three-phase coil, and may further include, for example, a single-phase motor using a single-phase coil.
- the motor 110 may include an induction motor, a brushless DC motor, a reluctance motor, or the like.
- the motor 110 may include a Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (SMPMSM), an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM), and a Synchronous Reluctance Motor. (Synchronous Reluctance Motor; Synrm) and the like.
- SMPMSM Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor
- IPMSM Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
- Synchronous Reluctance Motor Synrm
- the inverter 120 may include three phase switch elements (not shown).
- the operation control signal hereinafter, referred to as a 'pulse width modulation (PWM) signal', hereinafter referred to as a PWM signal
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the DC voltage Vdc may be converted into three-phase AC voltages Vua, Vvb, and Vwc to be supplied to the three-phase coil. Detailed description of the three-phase switch elements will be described later.
- the control unit 130 when inputting the target command value, PWM for determining the on time interval for the on operation and the off time interval for the off operation of each of the three-phase switch element based on the target command value and the electrical angle position of the rotor
- the signal PWM can be output.
- the motor driving apparatus further includes an input current detector A, a DC terminal voltage detector B, a DC terminal capacitor C, a motor current detector E, an input voltage detector F, an inductor L1, L2, and the like. It may include. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and some of the above additional components may be omitted.
- the input current detector A can detect the input current ig input from the commercial AC power supply 101.
- a CT current trnasformer
- a shunt resistor or the like may be used as the input current detector A.
- FIG. The detected input current ig may be input to the control unit 130 for power control as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.
- the input voltage detector F can detect the input voltage vg input from the commercial AC power supply 101.
- the input voltage detector F may include a resistor, an amplifier, or the like.
- the detected input voltage vg may be input to the control unit 130 for power control as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.
- the inductors L1 and L2 may be disposed between the commercial AC power supply 101 and the rectifier 105 to perform an operation such as noise removal.
- the rectifier 105 rectifies and outputs the commercial AC power supply 101 which has passed through the inductors L1 and L2.
- the rectifier 105 may include a full bridge diode connected to four diodes, but may be variously modified and applied.
- the capacitor C stores the input power.
- one device is exemplified as the DC-terminal capacitor C, but a plurality of devices may be provided to ensure device stability.
- the DC terminal voltage detector B may detect the DC terminal voltage Vdc, which is both ends of the capacitor C. To this end, the DC terminal voltage detector B may include a resistor, an amplifier, and the like. The detected DC terminal voltage Vdc may be input to the control unit 130 to generate a PWM signal PWMS as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse.
- the motor current detector E detects the output current io flowing between the inverter 120 and the three-phase motor 110. That is, the current flowing through the three-phase motor 110 is detected.
- the motor current detector E may detect the output currents ia, ib, and ic of each phase, or may detect the output currents of the two phases using three-phase equilibrium.
- the motor current detector E may be located between the inverter 120 and the three-phase motor 110.
- a CT current trnasformer
- a shunt resistor or the like may be used.
- control unit 130 includes the input current ig detected by the input current detector A, the input voltage vg detected by the input voltage detector F, and the direct current detected by the DC terminal voltage detector B.
- the operation of the inverter 120 may be controlled by using the terminal voltage Vdc and the output current io detected by the motor current detector E.
- the detected output current io may be applied to the control unit 130 as a discrete signal in the form of a pulse, and a PWM signal PWM is generated based on the detected output current io.
- a PWM signal PWM is generated based on the detected output current io.
- the detected output current io is the three-phase output current ia, ib, ic.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating components of the control unit of FIG. 1.
- control unit 130 includes a three phase / two phase axis converting unit 210, a position estimating unit 220, a speed calculating unit 230, a command value generating unit 240, and a two phase / 3 phase axis.
- a converter 250 and a signal generator (hereinafter, referred to as a PWM generator) may be included.
- the three-phase / two-phase axis converting unit 210 receives the three-phase currents (ia, ib, ic) output from the motor 110, and converts the two-phase currents i ⁇ and i ⁇ of the stationary coordinate system.
- the three-phase / two-phase axis converting unit 210 may convert the two-phase currents i ⁇ and i ⁇ of the stationary coordinate system into two-phase currents id and iq of the rotary coordinate system.
- the position estimator 220 detects at least one of the three-phase currents ia, ib, and ic and the three-phase voltages Va, Vb, and Vc, and estimates the position H of the rotor included in the motor 110. can do.
- the speed calculator 230 may calculate the current speed ⁇ ⁇ r of the rotor based on the position H estimated by the position estimator 220 and at least one of the three-phase voltages Va, Vb, and Vc. Can be. That is, the speed calculator 230 may calculate the current speed ⁇ ⁇ r by dividing the position H by time.
- the speed calculator 230 may output the electric angle position ⁇ ⁇ r calculated based on the position H and the calculated current speed ⁇ ⁇ r .
- the command value generator 240 may include a current command generator 242 and a voltage command generator 244.
- the current command generation unit 242 calculates the speed command value ⁇ * r based on the calculated current speed ⁇ ⁇ r and the command speed ⁇ r corresponding to the input target command value.
- the current command generation unit 242 generates the current command value i * q based on the speed command value ⁇ * r .
- the current command generation unit 242 performs PI control in the PI controller 243 based on the speed command value ⁇ * r , which is a difference between the current speed ⁇ ⁇ r and the command speed ⁇ . And, the current command value (i * q ) can be generated.
- the current command generator 242 may generate the d-axis current command value i * d together with the generation of the q-axis current command value i * q .
- the value of the d-axis current command value i * d may be set to zero.
- the current command generation unit 242 may further include a limiter (not shown) for limiting the level so that the current command value i * q does not exceed the allowable range.
- the voltage command generation unit 244 includes the d-axis and q-axis currents i d and i q axially transformed by the rotation coordinate system, and the current command values i * d and i * q in the current command generation unit 242 and the like. Based on the above, the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values v * d and v * q are generated.
- the voltage command generation unit 244 performs PI control in the PI controller 245 based on the difference between the q-axis current i q and the q-axis current command value i * q , and q
- the axial voltage setpoint v * q can be generated.
- the voltage command generation unit 244 performs the PI control in the PI controller 246 based on the difference between the d-axis current i d and the d-axis current command value i * d , and the d-axis voltage
- the setpoint (v * d ) can be generated.
- the value of the d-axis voltage command value v * d may be set to 0, corresponding to the case where the value of the d-axis current command value i * d is set to zero.
- the voltage command generation unit 244 may further include a limiter (not shown) for restricting the level so that the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values v * d and v * q do not exceed the allowable range. .
- the generated d-axis and q-axis voltage command values v * d and v * q are input to the two-phase / three-phase axis conversion unit 250.
- the two-phase / three-phase axis converting unit 250 receives the electric angle positions ⁇ ⁇ r calculated by the speed calculating unit 230, and the d-axis and q-axis voltage command values (v * d , v * q ). , Perform axis transformation.
- the two-phase / 3 phase axis conversion unit 250 converts the two-phase rotation coordinate system from the two-phase rotation coordinate system.
- the electric angle position ⁇ ⁇ r calculated by the speed calculator 230 may be used.
- the two-phase / three-phase axis converting unit 250 performs a transformation from the two-phase stop coordinate system to the three-phase stop coordinate system. Through this conversion, the two-phase / three-phase axis conversion unit 250 outputs three-phase output voltage command values v * a, v * b, v * c.
- the PWM generator 260 generates and outputs an inverter PWM signal PWM based on the pulse width modulation PWM based on the three-phase output voltage command values v * a, v * b, v * c.
- the PWM signal PWMS may be converted into a gate driving signal by a gate driver (not shown) and input to the gates of the three-phase switching elements in the inverter 120. As a result, the three-phase switching elements in the inverter 120 perform a switching operation.
- the PWM generator 260 varies the on time period and the off time period of the PWM signal PWM based on the electric angle positions ⁇ ⁇ r and the three-phase voltages Va, Vb, and Vc described above. Switch operation of the three-phase switch elements can be controlled.
- the PWM generator 260 may generate an output voltage command value vector based on the three-phase output voltage command values v * a, v * b and v * c.
- the PWM generator 260 may control the output voltage of the inverter 120 using the space vector PWM (SVPWN).
- SVPWN space vector PWM
- the PWM generator 260 compares the space vector region and the output voltage command value vector to determine whether the output voltage command value corresponds to the overmodulated voltage. In detail, the PWM generator 260 determines whether the output voltage command value vector exceeds the case of exceeding a predetermined space vector region.
- the PWM generator 260 may operate in different first or second modes according to the input command speed ⁇ r .
- the PWM generator 260 performs the same phase overmodulation compensation operation of reducing the magnitude of the output voltage command value vector while maintaining the phase of the output voltage command value vector.
- the PWM generator 260 performs a minimum distance overmodulation compensation operation of changing the output voltage command value vector as the minimum distance point between the output voltage command value vector and the space vector region.
- PWM generator 260 when compared to the reference speed ( ⁇ r) and the speed reference value ( ⁇ r_limit), reference speed ( ⁇ r) is smaller than the speed reference value ( ⁇ r_limit) or equal to a first mode
- reference speed ( ⁇ r) when the command speed ⁇ r is greater than the speed reference value ⁇ r_limit , it may be operated in the second mode.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and a detailed description thereof will be described below.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the inverter of FIG. 1.
- the inverter 120 may include three-phase switch elements, and are switched on and off by a PWM signal PWM supplied from the control unit 130.
- the input DC voltage Vdc may be converted into three-phase AC voltages Vua, Vvb, and Vwc having a predetermined frequency or duty and output to the motor 110.
- the three-phase switch device is a pair of the first to third phase arm switch (Sa, Sb, Sc) and the first to third lower arm switch (S'a, S'b, S'b) are connected to each other in series
- three pairs of the first to third upper arm switches and the first to third lower arm switches (Sa & S'a, Sb & S'b, Sc & S'c) may be connected in parallel to each other.
- the first phase and lower arm switches Sa and S'a are three-phase AC voltages Vua, Vvb, and Vwc of the three-phase coils La, Lb, and Lc of the motor 110 as the first phase coil La. ) Supplies a first phase AC voltage Vua.
- the second phase, the lower arm switch (Sb, S'b) supplies the second phase AC voltage (Vvb) to the second phase coil (Lb), the third phase, lower arm switch (Sc, S'c)
- the third phase AC voltage Vwc may be supplied to the third phase coil Lc.
- each of the first to third upper arm switches Sa, Sb and Sc and the first to third lower arm switches S'a, S'b, and S'b are input PWM signals per one rotation of the rotor.
- the operation of the motor 110 can be controlled by supplying the three-phase AC voltages Vua, Vvb, and Vwc to each of the three-phase coils La, Lb, and Lc by operating ON and OFF once according to the PWM. have.
- 4 is a diagram for describing a pulse width modulation scheme based on a space vector.
- 5 and 6 are diagrams for explaining an in-phase overmodulation compensation scheme.
- 7 and 8 illustrate a minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme.
- the a-axis, the b-axis, and the c-axis of the space vector area 310 correspond to the vector components ((1,0,0), (0,1,0), ( 0,0,1)).
- the motor driving apparatus of the present invention may perform a pulse width modulation method using the space vector region 310.
- the inverter 120 may provide an output voltage to the motor 110 based on the output voltage command value vector provided by the control unit 130. Therefore, the output voltage output from the inverter 120 may be changed according to the output voltage command value vector provided from the control unit 130.
- the output voltage output from the inverter 120 can be output in the hexagonal space vector region 310.
- the voltage exceeding the space vector region that is, the voltage exceeding the voltage output from the inverter 120 may be referred to as an overmodulation voltage.
- the control unit 130 may perform the overmodulation compensation method so that the output voltage command value vector is located in the space vector region.
- an in-phase overmodulation compensation method or a minimum distance overmodulation compensation method may be used.
- the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme maintains the same phase with respect to the overmodulation vector V_ref based on the first voltage vector V1 and the second voltage vector V2. , Means to reduce the size of the vector.
- the inverter 120 outputs the maximum output voltage to the overmodulation vector V_ref, that is, the voltage corresponding to the boundary point P1 of the space vector region 310 as the effective vector V_new. .
- the effective vector V_new is calculated by considering only the output voltage among factors related to the output power of the inverter 120, and thus, the output power control of the inverter 120 may not be precisely performed. Therefore, the output power output from the inverter 120 may be distorted, and the magnitude of the output power may also be reduced.
- the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme includes an overmodulation vector V_ref with respect to the overmodulation vector V_ref based on the first voltage vector V1 and the second voltage vector V2. ) And the minimum distance point P2 of the space vector region 310 as the output voltage command value vector.
- the inverter 120 outputs a voltage that can be output maximum with respect to the overmodulation vector V_ref, that is, a voltage corresponding to the boundary point P2 of the space vector region 310 as the effective vector V_new. .
- the driving speed of the motor 110 may be improved by operating an average output voltage and operating at a high RPM.
- 9 and 10 are diagrams for describing a method of generating a compensation voltage command value in the control unit of FIG. 1.
- the control unit 130 includes a torque command generator 510, a power command generator 520, a power controller 525, a current command generator 530, and a voltage command generator. 540, an adder 555, and a switching control signal output unit 560. Meanwhile, the components described with reference to FIG. 2 may also be further included. In the following description, the units described in FIG. 9 will be described.
- the torque command generation unit 510 may output the torque command value T * for the rotation of the motor 110 based on the present speed ⁇ ⁇ r and the speed command value ⁇ * r .
- the torque command generation unit 510 can output the average torque command value.
- the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r ) may be calculated based on the output current (io), or the position (H) flowing in the electric motor 150 described above.
- the current command generation unit 530 can generate the current command value I * based on the torque command value T * .
- the current command value I * may mean a meaning including a d-axis current command value and a q-axis current command value of the fixed coordinate system.
- the voltage command generation unit 540 may generate the first voltage command value V * 1 based on the current command value I * and the output current flowing in the actual motor.
- the first voltage command value V * 1 may mean a value including a d-axis voltage command value and a q-axis voltage command value of the fixed coordinate system.
- the power command generation unit 520 is based on the input voltage (Vg), torque command value (T * ), the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r ), and the DC-link voltage (Vdc) detected by the DC-link voltage detection unit, Generate and output the output power command value (P * ).
- the power controller 525 may perform power control based on the input inverter output power command value P * . That is, the power controller 525 may generate the second voltage command value V * 2 based on the inverter output power command value P * .
- the second voltage command value V * 2 is a compensation voltage command value for compensating the first voltage command value V * 1 .
- the adder 555 adds and outputs the 1st voltage command value V * 1 and the 2nd voltage command value V * 2 .
- the output voltage command value V * 3 (for example, an output voltage command value vector) is output as the third voltage command value. Accordingly, the third voltage setpoint V * 3 (that is, the output voltage setpoint vector after compensation) is equal to the first voltage setpoint V * 1 (that is, the output voltage setpoint vector before compensation) and the second voltage setpoint V *. 2) (that is, the compensation voltage setpoint vector).
- the PWM generator 560 generates and outputs a PWM signal PWM based on the third voltage command value V * 3 .
- the PWM generator 560 may operate substantially the same as the PWM generator 260 described with reference to FIG. 2.
- the magnitude of the power Pinv of the inverter may be determined as the inner product of the output current vector of the motor and the output voltage command value vector. Accordingly, the output current setpoint vector or the output voltage setpoint vector can be adjusted to obtain the desired inverter power Pinv.
- the method of adjusting the output voltage command value vector may not quickly follow the output power command value P * due to the delay occurring in the voltage command generation unit 540.
- the method of compensating the output voltage command value vector may be determined using the output power command value P *.
- the PWM generator 560 receives the output power command value P *, compares the output power command value P * with the output power reference value P_limit, and controls the first and second control units 130 as described above. One of the two modes can be determined. Detailed description thereof will be described later.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control unit 130 receives the command speed ⁇ r (S110).
- control unit 130 compares the command speed ⁇ r with a predetermined speed reference value ⁇ r_limit (S120).
- the control unit 130 operates in the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme (S130). That is, when the output voltage command value vector provided to the inverter 120 corresponds to an overmodulation vector exceeding a space vector region, the control unit 130 reduces the size of the vector while maintaining the same phase with respect to the overmodulation vector. To compensate.
- the output voltage command value vector is changed to be positioned on the boundary of the space vector region, and voltage ripple and harmonics of the output voltage output from the inverter 120 can be minimized, thereby improving control performance of the motor driving apparatus.
- the control unit 130 when the command speed ⁇ r is greater than the speed reference value ⁇ r_limit , the control unit 130 operates in a minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme (S140). That is, when the output voltage command value vector provided to the inverter 120 corresponds to an overmodulation vector exceeding the space vector region, the control unit 130 is the minimum distance point between the output voltage command value vector and the space vector region, and the output voltage. Perform compensation to change the setpoint vector.
- S140 minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme
- the output voltage command value vector may be changed to be located on the boundary of the space vector region, and the output voltage may be increased.
- the average value of the output voltages output from the inverter 120 increases. Therefore, the magnitude of the output power of the inverter 120 may be increased, and the operation speed of the motor driving device may be increased.
- control unit 130 determines whether a stop command has been received (S150). When the stop command is received, the operation of the motor drive device is stopped. Otherwise, the control unit 130 repeats the steps S110 to S140 described above.
- the motor driving apparatus compares the command speed ⁇ r with the speed reference value ⁇ r_limit , and the command speed ⁇ r is smaller than or equal to the speed reference value ⁇ r_limit . Operate in a first mode that performs in-phase overmodulation compensation. On the other hand, when the command speed ⁇ r is greater than the speed reference value ⁇ r_limit , the second mode performs a minimum distance overmodulation compensation. That is, the motor driving apparatus of the present invention reduces the ripple and harmonics of the voltage through the in-phase overmodulation compensation scheme in the low speed operation control, and uses the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme in which the fast response characteristic is required in the high speed operation control.
- the rotation speed of the motor 110 in the second mode may be greater than the rotation speed of the motor 110 in the first mode.
- the magnitude of the output voltage setpoint vector in the second mode may be greater than or equal to the magnitude of the output voltage setpoint vector in the first mode.
- the control unit 130 performs the same phase overmodulation compensation operation or the minimum distance overmodulation.
- the compensation operation may not be performed.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- a motor driving apparatus for convenience of explanation, hereinafter, duplicate descriptions of the same items as the above-described exemplary embodiments will be omitted and the description will be made based on differences.
- the PWM generator 260 of the control unit 130 may include the command speed ⁇ r and the current speed of the rotor included in the motor 110.
- ⁇ ⁇ r is received (S210).
- the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r ) of the rotor can be calculated in the control unit 130, a detailed description thereof will be omitted here.
- control unit 130 compares the command speed ⁇ r and the current speed ⁇ ⁇ r (S220).
- the control unit 130 operates in the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme (S230).
- the output voltage command value vector is changed to be positioned on the boundary of the space vector region, and voltage ripple and harmonics of the output voltage output from the inverter 120 can be minimized, thereby improving control performance of the motor driving apparatus.
- the control unit 130 operates in a minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme (S240).
- the output voltage command value vector may be changed to be located on the boundary of the space vector region, and the output voltage may be increased.
- the average value of the output voltages output from the inverter 120 increases. Therefore, the magnitude of the output power of the inverter 120 may be increased, and the operation speed of the motor driving device may be increased.
- control unit 130 determines whether a stop command has been received (S250). When the stop command is received, the operation of the motor drive device is stopped. Otherwise, the control unit 130 repeats the steps S210 to S240 described above.
- the motor driving apparatus to a reference speed ( ⁇ r) comparing the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r), the reference speed ( ⁇ r) less than or equal to the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r)
- it operates in a first mode that performs in-phase overmodulation compensation.
- the second mode performs a minimum distance overmodulation compensation. That is, the motor drive device of the present invention, when the command speed ( ⁇ r ) is greater than the current speed ( ⁇ ⁇ r ), high voltage output and fast response characteristics are required, and the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme is used. In other cases, the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme may be used.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a motor driving apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
- a motor driving apparatus for convenience of explanation, hereinafter, duplicate descriptions of the same items as the above-described exemplary embodiments will be omitted and the description will be made based on differences.
- the PWM generator 260 of the control unit 130 receives the output power command value P * in the motor driving apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention (S310). A detailed description thereof has been described above with reference to FIG. 9 and will not be described herein.
- control unit 130 compares the output power command value P * and the output power reference value P_limit (S320).
- control unit 130 operates in the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme (S330).
- the control unit 130 operates in the minimum distance over-modulation compensation method (S340).
- the average value of the output voltage output from the inverter 120 increases. Therefore, the magnitude of the output power of the inverter 120 may be increased, and the operation speed of the motor driving device may be increased.
- control unit 130 determines whether a stop command has been received (S350). When the stop command is received, the operation of the motor drive device is stopped. Otherwise, the control unit 130 repeats the steps S310 to S340 described above.
- the output power command value P * is smaller than the output power reference value P_limit by comparing the output power command value P * and the output power reference value P_limit.
- the first mode performs the same phase overmodulation compensation.
- the second mode performs the minimum distance overmodulation compensation. That is, the motor drive device of the present invention, when the output power command value (P * ) is larger than the output power reference value (P_limit), high voltage output and fast response characteristics are required, and the minimum distance overmodulation compensation scheme is used. In other cases, the same phase overmodulation compensation scheme may be used.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- control unit 130 may operate in the second mode when the motor 110 is to be driven at a high speed.
- control unit 130 may operate in the second mode when the command speed ⁇ r is 80 kpm or more, or the current speed ⁇ ⁇ r of the motor 110 is 80 kpm or more.
- this is only one embodiment and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- 14 to 16 are diagrams for describing an extreme voltage waveform according to overmodulation compensation of a motor driving apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the motor 110 of the motor driving apparatus may receive a three-phase AC voltage from the inverter 120 as described above.
- the three-phase AC voltage may include a first phase pole voltage, a second phase pole voltage, and a third phase pole voltage.
- the user may actually measure the extreme voltage waveform output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 using a measuring instrument. For example, the user contacts the probe Probe of the meter to the ground node GND of the inverter 120 and the node A between the first upper arm switch Sa and the first lower arm switch S'a. The first phase pole voltage can be measured.
- a graph of ⁇ a> is a waveform of measuring an extreme voltage between a ground node GND and a node A of an inverter 120 using an oscilloscope.
- a high pass component may be removed by using a low pass filter (LPF).
- LPF low pass filter
- the waveform of the low frequency component can be extracted from the square wave and analyzed.
- the ⁇ b> graph is a waveform passed through LPF with a cutoff frequency of 10 kHz.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the extreme voltage waveform may be extracted using LPF having another cutoff frequency.
- the graphs ⁇ a> to ⁇ c> show extreme voltage waveforms van1, van2, and van3 extracted using the method described above with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.
- the reference voltage (vas_ref) is equally shown in the ⁇ a> to ⁇ c> graph in the form of a sine or cosine wave. That is, the reference voltage (vas_ref) can be shown and used in the ⁇ a> to ⁇ c> graph to compare the magnitude change of the extreme voltage waveform (van1, van2, van3).
- the graph ⁇ a> is when the overmodulated voltage is generated in the inverter 120.
- the first extreme voltage waveform van1 output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 is shown.
- the graph includes a first maximum point holding time H1 and a first minimum point holding time L1.
- the first maximum point holding time H1 is different from the first minimum point holding time L1.
- the first maximum point holding time H1 of the first extreme voltage waveform van1 may be greater than the first minimum point holding time L1.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first maximum point holding time H1 of the first extreme voltage waveform van1 may be smaller than the first minimum point holding time L1.
- the first maximum point holding time H1 of the first extreme voltage waveform van1 may be different from the first minimum point holding time L1.
- the voltage ripple may be increased or the harmonic component may be increased to the extreme voltage output from the inverter 120, thereby reducing the control performance of the motor 110.
- ⁇ b> is a graph in which the overmodulation voltage is generated in the inverter 120 and the control unit 130 performs the same phase overmodulation compensation operation.
- a second extreme voltage waveform van2 output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 is shown.
- the graph ⁇ b> shows the extreme voltage waveform output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 when the control unit 130 operates in the first mode.
- the graph includes a second maximum point holding time H2 and a second minimum point holding time L2.
- the second maximum point holding time H2 of the second extreme voltage waveform van2 may be equal to or similar to the second minimum point holding time L2.
- the second maximum point holding time H2 may be smaller than the first maximum point holding time H1.
- the second minimum point holding time L2 may be greater than the first minimum point holding time L1, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the control performance of the motor 110 of the inverter 120 may be improved.
- ⁇ c> is a graph in which the overmodulation voltage is generated in the inverter 120 and the control unit 130 performs the minimum distance overmodulation compensation operation.
- a third extreme voltage waveform van3 output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 is shown.
- the ⁇ c> graph shows the extreme voltage waveform output from the inverter 120 to the motor 110 when the control unit 130 operates in the second mode.
- the graph includes a third maximum point holding time H3 and a third minimum point holding time L3.
- the third maximum point holding time H3 of the third extreme voltage waveform van3 may be equal to or similar to the third minimum point holding time L3.
- the third maximum point holding time H3 may be greater than the second maximum point holding time H2.
- the third minimum point holding time L3 may be greater than the second minimum point holding time L2.
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the duty ratio of the extreme voltage waveform is less than the duty ratio of the extreme voltage waveform when performing the same phase overmodulation compensation operation. It can be formed large.
- the average output voltage of the pole voltage output from the inverter 120 is increased, so that the driving speed of the motor 110 is improved, and the motor 110 is driven at a high RPM. It can work.
- the voltage ripple of the extreme voltage output from the inverter 120 is reduced and the harmonic components are also reduced, compared to the case where the overmodulation compensation is not performed. Can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 교류 전압을 이용하여 모터를 구동하는 인버터; 및상기 인버터에 포함된 스위칭 소자의 동작을 제어하는 제어유닛을 포함하고,상기 제어유닛은, 상기 인버터의 제어에 이용되는 출력 전압 지령치 벡터가 미리 정해진 공간 벡터 영역을 초과하는 경우, 지령 속도에 따라 서로 다른 제1 또는 제2 모드로 동작하되,상기 제1 모드는, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 위상을 유지하면서 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 크기를 축소하는 동일 위상 과변조 보상을 수행하고,상기 제2 모드는, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터와 상기 공간 벡터 영역의 최소 거리 지점으로, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터를 변경하는 최소 거리 과변조 보상을 수행하는 것을 포함하는모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 지령 속도가 미리 정해진 속도 기준값보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 지령 속도가 미리 정해진 속도 기준값보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 지령 속도가 상기 제어유닛에서 측정한 상기 모터의 현재 속도보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 지령 속도가 상기 제어유닛에서 측정한 상기 모터의 현재 속도보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,제1 전압 지령치를 생성하는 전압 지령 생성부와,상기 모터의 현재 속도와 상기 지령 속도를 기초로, 토크 지령치를 생성하는 토크 지령 생성부와,상기 토크 지령치와 상기 인버터의 입력단 전압을 기초로, 출력 전력 지령치를 연산하는 전력 지령 생성부와,상기 출력 전력 지령치와 상기 제1 전압 지령치를 기초로 보상 전압 지령치를 생성하는 전력 제어기를 포함하되,상기 출력 전압 지령치의 벡터는, 상기 제1 전압 지령치의 벡터와 상기 보상 전압 지령치의 벡터의 합인 것을 포함하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 출력 전력 지령치가 미리 정해진 출력 전력 기준값보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 출력 전력 지령치가 미리 정해진 출력 전력 기준값보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제2 모드에서 상기 모터의 회전 속도는, 상기 제1 모드에서 상기 모터의 회전 속도보다 큰 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터는, 상기 공간 벡터 영역의 경계 상에 위치하고,상기 제2 모드에서 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 크기는, 상기 제1 모드에서 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 크기보다 크거나 같게 형성되는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터가 상기 공간 벡터 영역을 내에 위치하는 경우, 상기 동일 위상 과변조 보상 동작 또는 상기 최소 거리 과변조 보상 동작을 미수행하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 모드 또는 상기 제2 모드는, 상기 인버터에서 상기 모터로 출력되는 극전압 파형에서 최대지점 유지시간과 최소지점 유지시간이 동일해지도록 과변조 보상을 수행하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제2 모드에서 측정한 상기 극전압 파형의 최대지점 유지시간 또는 최소지점 유지시간은, 상기 제1 모드에서 측정한 상기 극전압 파형의 최대지점 유지시간 또는 최소지점 유지시간보다 크게 형성되는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 제2 모드에서 측정한 상기 극전압 파형의 듀티비(duty-ratio)는, 상기 제1 모드에서 측정한 상기 극전압 파형의 듀티비보다 크게 형성되는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은, 상기 모터의 현재 속도 또는 상기 지령 속도가 80krpm 이상인 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 3상 코일이 권선된 스테이터 및 상기 스테이터 내에 배치되며 상기 3상 코일에서 발생된 자기장에 의해 회전하는 로터를 포함하는 모터;상기 3상 코일로 3상 교류 전압을 공급 및 차단하도록 온 및 오프동작하는 3상 스위치소자들을 포함하는 인버터; 및상기 모터의 구동을 위한 출력 전압 지령치 벡터가 미리 정해진 공간 벡터 영역을 초과하는 과변조 전압 벡터에 해당하는 경우, 상기 모터의 지령 속도에 따라 서로 다른 제1 또는 제2 보상값을 이용하여 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터를 보상하고, 보상된 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터를 기초로 상기 3상 스위치소자들의 동작을 제어하는 PWM 신호를 출력하는 제어유닛을 포함하는모터 구동 장치.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은, 상기 모터의 지령 속도에 따라 서로 다른 제1 또는 제2 모드로 동작하되,상기 제1 모드는, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 위상을 유지하면서 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터의 크기를 축소하는 상기 제1 보상값을 생성하고,상기 제2 모드는, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터와 상기 공간 벡터 영역의 최소 거리 지점으로, 상기 출력 전압 지령치 벡터를 보상하는 상기 제2 보상값을 생성하는 것을 포함하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 지령 속도가 미리 정해진 속도 기준값보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 지령 속도가 미리 정해진 속도 기준값보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 지령 속도가 상기 제어유닛에서 측정한 상기 모터의 현재 속도보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 지령 속도가 상기 제어유닛에서 측정한 상기 모터의 현재 속도보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,제1 전압 지령치를 생성하는 전압 지령 생성부와,상기 모터의 현재 속도와 지령 속도를 기초로, 토크 지령치를 생성하는 토크 지령 생성부와,상기 토크 지령치와 상기 인버터의 입력단 전압을 기초로, 출력 전력 지령치를 연산하는 전력 지령 생성부와,상기 출력 전력 지령치와 상기 제1 전압 지령치를 기초로 보상 전압 지령치를 생성하는 전력 제어기를 포함하되,상기 출력 전압 지령치의 벡터는, 상기 제1 전압 지령치의 벡터와 상기 보상 전압 지령치의 벡터의 합인 것을 포함하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 출력 전력 지령치가 미리 정해진 출력 전력 기준값보다 작거나 같은 경우, 상기 제1 모드로 동작하고,상기 출력 전력 지령치가 미리 정해진 출력 전력 기준값보다 큰 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제14항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은,상기 3상 코일로부터 전류 및 전압을 검출하여, 상기 로터의 전기각 위치를 추정하는 위치 추정부와,상기 로터의 전기각 위치 및 상기 전압을 기반으로, 상기 로터의 현재 속도를 연산하는 속도 연산부와,상기 현재 속도 및 목표 지령값을 기반으로 연산된 전류 지령치를 생성하고, 상기 전류 지령치 및 상기 전류를 기반으로 연산된 전압 지령치를 생성하는 지령치 생성부와,상기 전압 지령치 및 상기 전기각 위치를 기반으로 상기 출력 전압 지령치를 연산하고, 상기 출력 전압 지령치를 보상하는 상기 제1 또는 제2 모드로 동작하는 신호 생성부를 포함하는 모터 구동 장치.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 제어유닛은, 상기 모터의 현재 속도 또는 상기 지령 속도가 80krpm 이상인 경우, 상기 제2 모드로 동작하는 모터 구동 장치.
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