WO2018225433A1 - ナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体 - Google Patents
ナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018225433A1 WO2018225433A1 PCT/JP2018/017593 JP2018017593W WO2018225433A1 WO 2018225433 A1 WO2018225433 A1 WO 2018225433A1 JP 2018017593 W JP2018017593 W JP 2018017593W WO 2018225433 A1 WO2018225433 A1 WO 2018225433A1
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- explosive
- nanodiamond
- explosive body
- initiation
- detonation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/06—Processes using ultra-high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; Apparatus therefor, e.g. moulds or dies
- B01J3/08—Application of shock waves for chemical reactions or for modifying the crystal structure of substances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/25—Diamond
- C01B32/26—Preparation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
- F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/04—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic
- C06B25/06—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with two or more nitrated aromatic compounds present
- C06B25/08—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the nitrated compound being an aromatic with two or more nitrated aromatic compounds present at least one of which is nitrated toluene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an explosive body that can be used for the synthesis of nanodiamonds by the detonation method.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-111342 dated June 6, 2017, and uses all the contents described in the application.
- the detonation method is known as a method for synthesizing nanodiamonds.
- an explosive with a predetermined composition is exploded in, for example, a sealed container, and the explosive used is partially incompletely combusted, and the released carbon is used as a raw material for the pressure and energy of the shock wave generated by the explosion.
- Nanodiamonds are generated by the action of.
- Such techniques relating to the detonation method are described, for example, in Patent Documents 1 to 3 below.
- the present invention has been conceived under such circumstances, and to provide an explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamond suitable for improving the yield in nanodiamond synthesis by detonation, Objective.
- the explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamond provided by the present invention includes an explosive body having a frustum portion and a columnar portion.
- the frustum portion has an upper bottom surface having an opening end of the initiation portion assembly hole, and an inclined side surface forming a virtual vertex angle on the upper bottom surface side.
- the columnar portion is connected to a side opposite to the upper bottom surface in the frustum portion and extends in a direction away from the upper bottom surface.
- the upper bottom surface of the frustum portion is narrower than the lower bottom surface assumed at the boundary with the columnar portion in the frustum portion, and the inclined side surfaces of the frustum portion are Between the upper bottom surface and the lower bottom surface, it is inclined so as to form a virtual vertex angle on the upper bottom surface side. That is, the frustum portion has a shape in which the area of the cross section perpendicular to the separation direction of both surfaces gradually decreases from the lower bottom surface of the relatively wide ridge assumption to the relatively narrow upper bottom surface.
- one bottom surface assumed at the boundary between the columnar portion and the frustum portion is connected to a lower bottom surface assumed at the frustum portion.
- Such an explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds is used in such a manner that a detonation part, which is a detonation unit, is inserted into a detonation part assembly hole of the explosive body, for example, and the explosive body via the detonation part assembled to the explosive body Is detonated.
- the initiation unit or part of the explosive part is inserted into the explosive body for a certain length of time, and the initiation unit is supplied with the initiation energy. It is necessary to supply and cause the explosion phenomenon of the unit to occur in the explosive body. Further, the initiation energy proceeds so as to propagate in the initiation unit assembled in the explosive body from a portion outside the explosive body to a portion in the explosive body.
- the explosive body of the nanodiamond synthesis explosive body of the present invention is a cone having a shape in which the area of the cross section perpendicular to the both-side separation direction gradually decreases from the lower bottom surface to the relatively lower upper surface. It has a base part, and has an opening end of an initiation part assembly hole on the narrow upper bottom surface of the frustum part.
- Such a configuration is suitable for reducing the area (upper bottom surface) having the opening end of the initiation part assembly hole and the vicinity thereof, and reducing the region that is difficult to reach a steady detonation after the initiation, and therefore, in the entire explosive body. It is suitable for increasing the proportion of the area that reaches the steady detonation after detonation.
- Such an explosive for synthesizing nanodiamond is suitable for improving the yield in the synthesis of nanodiamond by detonation.
- the above-mentioned virtual apex angle formed by the inclined side surface of the frustum portion is preferably 20 ° to 130 °, more preferably 20 ° to 30 °.
- Such a configuration contributes to an improvement in yield in detonation nanodiamond synthesis performed using the nanodiamond synthesis explosive body.
- the frustum portion preferably has a truncated cone shape.
- the frustum portion has a truncated cone shape
- the columnar portion has a cylindrical shape
- the explosive body is a rotationally symmetric body. The higher the symmetry of the shape of the explosive body, the more suitable it is to increase the proportion of the entire explosive body that occupies a region that leads to steady detonation, and therefore, it is suitable for improving the yield of nanodiamonds.
- the explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds preferably further includes an initiating portion having a portion inserted into the initiating portion assembly hole.
- This initiation part preferably has a detonator part and an explosive agent part.
- the explosive agent part is preferably arranged so as to straddle the boundary between the frustum part and the columnar part.
- the insertion length of the initiation portion into the initiation portion assembly hole that is, the penetration length L of the initiation portion into the explosive body is preferably 1 to 50 mm, more preferably 2 to 40 mm, and more preferably 5 to 30 mm.
- the configuration in which the explosive body for synthesizing the nanodiamond includes the above-described initiation portion as an initiation unit is suitable for efficiently initiating the explosive body, and thus contributes to the improvement of the yield of nanodiamond.
- the explosive body of the nanodiamond synthesis explosive body preferably contains a composite explosive.
- the composite explosive preferably comprises 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexogen (RDX) as the explosive base.
- TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
- RDX hexogen
- the mass ratio of TNT and RDX in the explosive main component in the composite explosive is preferably 30:70 to 70:30.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the explosive body of Example 1
- (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the explosive body of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show an explosive body X that is an explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of explosive body X
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- the explosive body X is provided with an explosive body 10 and an initiating portion 20, and is used for a detonation method as a nanodiamond synthesis method.
- the explosive body 10 of the explosive body X has a shape including a frustum portion 11 and a columnar portion 12.
- the frustum portion 11 has an upper bottom surface 11a and an inclined side surface 11b.
- a hole H for assembling the initiation portion is opened. That is, the opening end Ha of the hole H is formed in the upper bottom surface 11a.
- the inclined side surface 11b is inclined so as to form a virtual apex angle ⁇ shown in FIG. 2 on the upper bottom surface 11a side.
- the upper bottom surface 11a of the frustum portion 11 is narrower than the lower bottom surface 11c assumed at the boundary with the columnar portion 12 in the frustum portion 11, and the inclined side surface 11b of the frustum portion 11 is It is inclined between the upper bottom surface 11a and the lower bottom surface 11c so as to form a virtual vertex angle ⁇ on the upper bottom surface 11a side.
- the frustum portion 11 has a shape in which the area of the cross section perpendicular to the separation direction of both surfaces gradually decreases from the lower bottom surface 11c assuming a relatively wide ridge to the relatively narrow upper bottom surface 11a.
- the virtual apex angle ⁇ formed by the inclined side surface 11b is preferably 20 ° to 130 °, more preferably 20 ° to 30 °.
- the columnar portion 12 of the explosive body X has a bottom surface 12a and a side surface 12b, is connected to a side opposite to the upper bottom surface 11a in the frustum portion 11, that is, the assumed lower bottom surface 11c, and is separated from the upper bottom surface 11a. Extend in the direction.
- the frustum portion 11 has a truncated cone shape
- the columnar portion 12 has a cylindrical shape
- the explosive body 10 is a rotationally symmetric body having a rotation axis Ax.
- Examples of the constituent material of the explosive body 10 include composite explosives.
- a composite explosive is an explosive composition containing a powdery explosive main agent and a binder polymer.
- Examples of explosive main agents include cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), ie hexogen, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine That is, octogen, nitroguanidine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PENT), and diazonitrophenol (DDNP).
- RDX cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine
- TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
- PENT pentaerythritol tetranitrate
- DDNP diazonitrophenol
- one type of explosive main agent may be blended, or two or more types of explosive main agents may be blended.
- the explosive agent in the composite explosive is preferably a mixture of TNT and RDX.
- the mass ratio (TNT / RDX) between TNT and RDX is, for example, in the range of 30/70 to 70/30.
- the binder polymer of the composite explosive include polyurethane and polyester.
- the composite explosive for forming the explosive body 10 may contain a plasticizer, an anti-aging agent and the like in addition to the explosive main agent and the binder polymer.
- Such an explosive body 10 can be produced by, for example, a filling method or a filling method.
- a mixture composition containing a reactive component such as a polymerizable component or a crosslinking agent that forms a binder polymer and explosive main agent particles is poured into a mold and then cured, thereby forming an explosive main body.
- a binder polymer dissolved in a solvent and explosive main agent particles are mixed in water, and the solvent is volatilized from the mixture to produce composite particles in a form in which the explosive main agent particles have a binder polymer coating on the surface. To do.
- the composite particles obtained in this manner are pressed while being heated in a pressing container as necessary. This forms the explosive body.
- the detonation part 20 of the explosive body X is a detonation unit for detonating the explosive body 10 when the explosive body X is used.
- the detonation unit 20 includes a detonator unit 21 and an explosive agent unit 22.
- Examples of the detonator for forming the detonator unit 21 include an instantaneous electric detonator, a stepped electric detonator, an anti-static detonator, an electronic delay detonator, and a conductor-type detonator.
- Examples of the explosive agent for forming the explosive portion 22 include a high base material containing 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, RDX, a mixture of TNT and RDX, and the like. Sensitive explosives.
- the explosive charge part 22 is preferably provided at a position straddling the boundary between the frustum part 11 and the columnar part 12 as shown in FIG.
- the insertion length L of the initiation portion 20 with respect to the assembly hole H that is, the penetration length L of the initiation portion 20 with respect to the explosive body 10 is preferably 1 to 50 mm, more preferably 2 to 40 mm, and more preferably 5 to 30 mm.
- Such explosive body X can be used for nanodiamond synthesis by detonation, for example, as follows.
- the above-mentioned explosive body X is installed inside a pressure-resistant container, and the container is sealed in a state where a predetermined gas and a used explosive coexist in the container.
- the container is made of, for example, iron, and the volume of the container is, for example, 0.5 to 40 m 3 .
- the explosive body X is preferably installed in a suspended state in a container. For example, it is possible to suspend the explosive body X in the container by using a lead wire for supplying current to the detonation section 20 or the detonator section 21 in the explosive body X also serving as a suspension string material.
- an adhesive tape is used to reinforce the fixed state of the initiation portion 20 with respect to the explosive body 10.
- the used amount or weight of the explosive body 10 is, for example, 0.05 to 2.0 kg.
- the above gas sealed in the container together with the explosive used may have an atmospheric composition or may be an inert gas. From the viewpoint of producing nanodiamonds having a small amount of functional groups on the surface of the primary particles, the gas sealed in the container together with the explosive used is preferably an inert gas.
- the detonation method for generating nanodiamonds is performed in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas for example, at least one selected from nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, and helium can be used.
- the detonation part 20 is ignited in the container to detonate the detonation part 20, and the explosive body 10 is detonated as a starting point to cause detonation.
- Ignition to the initiation unit 20 is realized by supplying initiation energy such as energization to the detonator unit 21 of the initiation unit 20.
- Detonation refers to an explosion associated with a chemical reaction in which the reaction flame surface moves at a speed exceeding the speed of sound.
- the diamond used is generated by the action of the pressure and energy of the shock wave generated by the explosion, using the carbon that is liberated due to partial incomplete combustion of the explosive used.
- Nanodiamond is a product obtained by the detonation method.
- the adjacent primary particles or crystallites are very strong due to the coulomb interaction between crystal planes in addition to the action of van der Waals force. Gather and form a cohesive.
- nanodiamonds can be synthesized by the detonation method using the explosive body X.
- the temperature of the container and its interior is lowered by leaving it at room temperature, for example, for 24 hours.
- the nanodiamond crude product is recovered.
- the nano-diamond crude product (including the nano-diamond adherend and the soot produced as described above) adhering to the inner wall of the container is scraped with a spatula to recover the nano-diamond crude product. be able to.
- the explosive body X of the explosive body X has a frustum portion 11 having a shape in which the area of the cross section perpendicular to the both-side separation direction gradually decreases from the lower bottom surface 11c assumed to be relatively wide to the relatively narrow upper bottom surface 11a.
- the opening end Ha of the hole H for assembling the initiation portion is provided on the narrow upper bottom surface 11a of the frustum portion 11.
- Such a configuration is suitable for reducing the area (open top surface 11a in the explosive main body 10) having the opening end of the initiation part assembly hole and the vicinity thereof, and reducing the region that is unlikely to reach steady detonation after initiation. In the whole explosive main body, it is suitable for increasing the proportion of the area that reaches the steady detonation after detonation.
- Such an explosive body X is suitable for improving the yield in the synthesis of nanodiamond by the detonation method.
- the virtual apex angle ⁇ shown in FIG. 2 formed by the inclined side surface 11b of the frustum portion 11 is preferably 20 ° to 130 °, more preferably 20 ° to 30 °, as described above.
- Such a configuration contributes to an improvement in yield in the detonation nanodiamond synthesis performed using the explosive body X.
- the frustum portion 11 has a truncated cone shape as described above.
- the frustum part 11 has a truncated cone shape
- the columnar part 12 has a cylindrical shape
- the explosive body 10 is a rotationally symmetric body. The higher the symmetry of the shape of the explosive body 10, the more suitable it is for increasing the proportion of the entire area of the explosive body 10 to reach the steady detonation, and thus the yield of nanodiamonds.
- the explosive body X includes the initiation portion 20 having the detonator portion 21 and the explosive charge portion 22, and the explosive charge portion 22 is preferably the frustum portion 11 and the columnar portion 12. It is arranged to cross the boundary.
- the insertion length L of the initiation part 20 with respect to the hole H for assembling the initiation part, that is, the penetration length L of the initiation part 20 with respect to the explosive main body 10 is preferably 1 to 50 mm, more preferably as described above. It is 2 to 40 mm, more preferably 5 to 30 mm.
- the configuration in which the explosive body X includes the above-described initiation portion 20 as an initiation unit is suitable for efficiently detonating the explosive body 10 and thus contributes to an improvement in the yield of nanodiamonds.
- cluster nanodiamond can be obtained through the following purification process.
- an acid treatment is performed by allowing a strong acid to act on the crude nanodiamond product in, for example, an aqueous solvent.
- the nano-diamond crude product obtained by the detonation method is likely to contain a metal oxide.
- This metal oxide is an oxide such as Fe, Co, Ni, etc. derived from the container used for the detonation method. is there.
- the strong acid used for this acid treatment is preferably a mineral acid, and examples thereof include hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and aqua regia.
- the acid treatment one type of strong acid may be used, or two or more types of strong acid may be used.
- the concentration of the strong acid used in the acid treatment is, for example, 1 to 50% by mass.
- the acid treatment temperature is, for example, 70 to 150 ° C.
- the acid treatment time is, for example, 0.1 to 24 hours.
- the acid treatment can be performed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or increased pressure.
- the solid content (including the nanodiamond adherend) is washed with water, for example, by decantation. It is preferable to repeat the washing of the solid content by decantation until the pH of the precipitation solution reaches, for example, 2 to 3.
- the above acid treatment may be omitted.
- a solution oxidation treatment is performed to remove non-diamond carbon such as graphite and amorphous carbon from a nano-diamond crude product (nano-diamond adherend before completion of purification) using an oxidizing agent.
- the nano-diamond crude product obtained by the detonation method contains non-diamond carbon such as graphite and amorphous carbon. This non-diamond carbon causes partial incomplete combustion of the explosive used. It originates from the carbon which did not form the nano diamond crystal among the free carbon.
- non-diamond carbon can be removed from the nanodiamond crude product by applying a predetermined oxidizing agent in an aqueous solvent, for example (solution oxidation treatment).
- a predetermined oxidizing agent used in the solution oxidation treatment include chromic acid, chromic anhydride, dichromic acid, permanganic acid, perchloric acid, and salts thereof, nitric acid, and mixed acid (a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid).
- chromic acid chromic anhydride
- dichromic acid permanganic acid, perchloric acid, and salts thereof
- nitric acid a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid
- mixed acid a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid
- the concentration of the oxidizing agent used in the solution oxidation treatment is, for example, 3 to 50% by mass.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent used in the solution oxidation treatment is, for example, 300 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the nanodiamond crude product subjected to the solution oxidation treatment.
- the solution oxidation treatment temperature is, for example, 50 to 250 ° C.
- the solution oxidation treatment time is, for example, 1 to 72 hours.
- the solution oxidation treatment can be performed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or increased pressure. After such solution oxidation treatment, the solid content (including the nanodiamond adherend) is washed with water, for example, by decantation. When the supernatant liquid at the beginning of water washing is colored, it is preferable to repeat the washing of the solid content by decantation until the supernatant liquid becomes transparent visually.
- Example 1 The explosive body of Example 1 having the dimensions shown in FIG.
- the explosive body 10 of the explosive body of Example 1 is an explosive molded body having a truncated cone-shaped frustum portion 11 and a cylindrical columnar portion 12, and trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexogen (RDX) as explosive main agents.
- TNT trinitrotoluene
- RDX hexogen
- the mass of the explosive body 10 is 70 g, and its density is 1.68 g / cm 3 .
- the mass ratio (TNT / RDX) of TNT and RDX in the explosive main agent in the explosive body 10 is 50/50.
- the virtual apex angle ⁇ formed by the inclined side surface 11b of the frustum portion 11 of the explosive body 10 is 23 °.
- the explosive body initiation portion 20 of the first embodiment includes a detonator portion 21 and an explosive portion 22.
- the detonator section 21 is a cylindrical No. 6 detonator (trade name “No. 6 Instantaneous Electric Detonator”, diameter 6.9 mm ⁇ length 50 mm, manufactured by Kayak Japan Co., Ltd.).
- the explosive charge part 22 has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of about 7 mm and a height of 14 mm, and is made of 800 mg of booster explosive.
- the penetration length L of the initiation part 20 with respect to the explosive body 10 is 30 mm.
- the initiation part 20 assembled to the explosive main body 10 uses an adhesive tape (not shown) to strengthen the assembled state or the fixed state.
- the detonation method as a nanodiamond synthesis method was performed in a nitrogen atmosphere. Specifically, the explosive body of Example 1 is suspended inside a detonation chamber (iron, volume 15 m 3 ), which is a pressure-resistant container, using a current supply lead to the detonator, and the chamber is sealed. In this state, the detonator portion 21 was operated in a nitrogen atmosphere to detonate the detonator 20, and the explosive body 10 was detonated to cause detonation.
- a detonation chamber iron, volume 15 m 3
- the detonation method as a nanodiamond synthesis method was performed in a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Specifically, the explosive body of Example 1 is suspended inside a detonation chamber (iron, volume 15 m 3 ), which is a pressure-resistant container, using a current supply lead to the detonator, and the chamber is sealed. In this state, the detonator portion 21 was activated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to detonate the detonator 20, and the explosive body 10 was detonated to cause detonation.
- a detonation chamber iron, volume 15 m 3
- the detonation method as a nanodiamond synthesis method was performed in an argon atmosphere. Specifically, the explosive body of Example 1 is suspended inside a detonation chamber (iron, volume 15 m 3 ), which is a pressure-resistant container, using a current supply lead to the detonator, and the chamber is sealed. In this state, the detonator portion 21 was operated to detonate the detonator 20 under an argon atmosphere, and the explosive body 10 was detonated to cause detonation.
- a detonation chamber iron, volume 15 m 3
- Examples 2 to 4 Prepared with the same design as in Example 1 except that the virtual vertex angle ⁇ is not 23 ° but 30 ° (Example 2), 90 ° (Example 3), or 120 ° (Example 4).
- each detonation method detonation method in a nitrogen atmosphere, detonation method in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, argon atmosphere as described above with respect to Example 1 Detonation method below).
- the yield (%) of nanodiamond (ND) was determined. The values are listed in Table 1.
- each of the detonation methods detonation method under nitrogen atmosphere, carbon dioxide atmosphere
- the explosive body of the detonation body of Comparative Example 1 has a cylindrical shape with a bottom surface of 32 mm in diameter and a height of 52 mm, and is composed of the same constituent materials (including TNT and RDX) as the explosive body 10 of Example 1. Its mass is 70 g.
- the initiation part (detonator part, explosive part) of the explosive body of Comparative Example 1 has the same configuration as the initiation part 20 (detonator part 21, explosive part 22) in Example 1, and the initiation part for the explosive body is The penetration length L is 30 mm. Then, in the same manner as described above with respect to Example 1, after the nanodiamond crude product obtained by each detonation method was purified, the yield (%) of nanodiamond (ND) was determined. The values are listed in Table 1.
- purification process was performed with respect to the nano diamond crude product obtained by the detonation method. Specifically, the slurry obtained by adding 6 L of 10 mass% hydrochloric acid to 200 g of the nanodiamond crude product was subjected to a heat treatment for 1 hour under reflux under normal pressure conditions. The heating temperature in this acid treatment is 85 to 100 ° C. Next, after cooling, the solid content (including the nanodiamond adherend and soot) was washed with water by decantation. The solid content was washed repeatedly with decantation until the pH of the precipitate reached 2 from the low pH side. Next, a mixed acid treatment as a solution oxidation treatment in the purification step was performed.
- the residual fraction after decantation was subjected to a drying treatment to obtain a dry powder (nanodiamond powder).
- a drying process evaporation to dryness using an evaporator was employed.
- cluster nanodiamond powder was obtained from the nanodiamond crude product obtained by the detonation method.
- the explosive body 10 of the explosive bodies of Examples 1 to 4 has a shape in which a truncated cone-shaped frustum portion 11 and a columnar portion 12 are connected. According to the explosive body 10 in Examples 1 to 4, a higher nanodiamond yield was achieved in the detonation method than with the cylindrical explosive body in Comparative Example 1.
- a frustum portion having an upper bottom surface having an opening end of an initiation portion assembly hole, and an inclined side surface forming a virtual vertex angle on the upper bottom surface side;
- An explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamond comprising an explosive main body having a columnar portion that is connected to a side opposite to the upper bottom surface in the frustum portion and extends in a direction away from the upper bottom surface.
- Appendix 2 The explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds according to appendix 1, wherein the virtual apex angle is 20 ° to 130 °.
- [Appendix 6] The explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds according to any one of appendices 1 to 5, further comprising an initiation portion having a portion fitted in the initiation portion assembly hole.
- [Appendix 7] The explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds according to appendix 6, wherein the initiation part has a detonator part and an explosive part.
- [Appendix 8] The explosive body for synthesizing nanodiamonds according to appendix 7, wherein the explosive transfer portion is located across the boundary between the frustum portion and the columnar portion.
- TNT 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
- RDX hexogen
- Explosive body Explosive body for nano diamond synthesis
- Explosive body 11 Frustum part 11a Upper bottom surface 11b Inclined side surface 12
- Columnar part 20 Initiation part 21
- Detonator part 22 Explosive part H hole (Initiation part assembly hole) Ha Open end
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Abstract
Description
図3(a)に示す寸法を有する実施例1の爆薬体を用意した。実施例1の爆薬体の爆薬本体10は、円錐台形状の錐台部11と円柱形状の柱状部12とを有する爆薬成形体であり、爆薬主剤としてトリニトロトルエン(TNT)およびヘキソーゲン(RDX)を含む。爆薬本体10の質量は70gであり、その密度は1.68g/cm3である。爆薬本体10中の爆薬主剤におけるTNTとRDXの質量比(TNT/RDX)は50/50である。爆薬本体10の錐台部11の傾斜側面11bがなす仮想の頂角θは23°である。また、実施例1の爆薬体の起爆部20は雷管部21と伝爆薬部22とを有する。雷管部21は、円柱形状の6号雷管(商品名「6号瞬発電気雷管」,直径6.9mm×長さ50mm,カヤク・ジャパン株式会社製)である。伝爆薬部22は、直径約7mm×高さ14mmの円柱形状を有し、800mgのブースター爆薬よりなる。爆薬本体10に対する起爆部20の入り込み長さLは30mmである。爆薬本体10に組み付けられている起爆部20は、粘着テープ(図示略)が使用されて組み付け状態ないし固定状態の強化が図られている。
仮想の頂角θが23°ではなく30°(実施例2)、90°(実施例3)、または120°(実施例4)であること以外は実施例1と同様の設計で用意された実施例2~4の各爆薬体を使用して、実施例1に関して上述したのと同様の各爆轟法(窒素雰囲気下での爆轟法,二酸化炭素雰囲気下での爆轟法,アルゴン雰囲気下での爆轟法)を行った。そして、実施例1に関して上述したのと同様に、各爆轟法で得られたナノダイヤモンド粗生成物を精製した後にナノダイヤモンド(ND)の収率(%)を求めた。その値を表1に掲げる。
図3(b)に示す寸法を有する比較例1の爆薬体を使用して、実施例1に関して上述したのと同様の各爆轟法(窒素雰囲気下での爆轟法,二酸化炭素雰囲気下での爆轟法,アルゴン雰囲気下での爆轟法)を行った。比較例1の爆轟体の爆薬本体は、底面が直径32mmで高さが52mmの円柱形状を有し、実施例1の爆薬本体10と同一の構成材料(TNTとRDXを含む)よりなり、その質量は70gである。比較例1の爆薬体の起爆部(雷管部,伝爆薬部)は、実施例1における起爆部20(雷管部21,伝爆薬部22)と同一構成のものであり、爆薬本体に対する起爆部の入り込み長さLは30mmである。そして、実施例1に関して上述したのと同様に、各爆轟法で得られたナノダイヤモンド粗生成物を精製した後にナノダイヤモンド(ND)の収率(%)を求めた。その値を表1に掲げる。
以下のような精製工程を経て、クラスターナノダイヤモンドを得た。
実施例1~4の爆薬体の爆薬本体10は、円錐台形状の錐台部11と円柱形状の柱状部12とが連なる形状を有する。このような実施例1~4における爆薬本体10によると、比較例1の円柱形状の爆薬本体によるよりも、爆轟法において高いナノダイヤモンド収率を達成することができた。
前記錐台部における前記上底面とは反対の側に連なり、且つ前記上底面から離れる方向に延びる、柱状部と、を有する爆薬本体を備える、ナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記2〕前記仮想頂角は20°~130°である、付記1に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記3〕前記仮想頂角は20°~30°である、付記1に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記4〕前記錐台部は円錐台形状を有する、付記1から3のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記5〕前記錐台部は円錐台形状を有し、前記柱状部は円柱形状を有し、前記爆薬本体は回転対称体である、付記1から4のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記6〕前記起爆部組付け穴に嵌入している部位を有する起爆部を更に備える、付記1から5のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記7〕前記起爆部は雷管部と伝爆薬部とを有する、付記6に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記8〕前記伝爆薬部は、前記錐台部と前記柱状部との境界をまたいで位置する、付記7に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記9〕前記起爆部組付け穴に対する前記起爆部の嵌入長さは、1~50mm、2~40mm、または5~30mmである、付記6から8のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記10〕前記爆薬本体はコンポジット爆薬を含む、付記1から9のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記11〕前記コンポジット爆薬は、爆薬主剤として2,4,6-トリニトロトルエン(TNT)およびヘキソーゲン(RDX)を含む、付記10に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
〔付記12〕前記爆薬主剤における2,4,6-トリニトロトルエンとヘキソーゲンの質量比は30:70~70:30である、付記11に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
10 爆薬本体
11 錐台部
11a 上底面
11b 傾斜側面
12 柱状部
20 起爆部
21 雷管部
22 伝爆薬部
H 穴(起爆部組付け穴)
Ha 開口端
Claims (10)
- 起爆部組付け穴の開口端を有する上底面、および、当該上底面の側に仮想頂角をなす傾斜側面、を有する錐台部と、
前記錐台部における前記上底面とは反対の側に連なり、且つ前記上底面から離れる方向に延びる、柱状部と、を有する爆薬本体を備える、ナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。 - 前記仮想頂角は20°~130°である、請求項1に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記仮想頂角は20°~30°である、請求項1に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記錐台部は円錐台形状を有する、請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記起爆部組付け穴に嵌入している部位を有する起爆部を更に備える、請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記起爆部は雷管部と伝爆薬部とを有する、請求項5に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記伝爆薬部は、前記錐台部と前記柱状部との境界をまたいで位置する、請求項6に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記起爆部組付け穴に対する前記起爆部の嵌入長さは1~50mmである、請求項5から7のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記爆薬本体はコンポジット爆薬を含む、請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
- 前記コンポジット爆薬は、爆薬主剤として2,4,6-トリニトロトルエンおよびヘキソーゲンを含む、請求項9に記載のナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体。
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JP2019523405A JP7162220B2 (ja) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-05-07 | ナノダイヤモンド合成用爆薬体 |
EP18814226.9A EP3637037B1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-05-07 | Method for synthesizing nanodiamond using an explosive body |
CN201880034713.6A CN110998222A (zh) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-05-07 | 纳米金刚石合成用炸药体 |
AU2018281438A AU2018281438A1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-05-07 | Explosive body for nanodiamond synthesis |
US16/619,801 US20200129943A1 (en) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-05-07 | Explosive body for nanodiamond synthesis |
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