WO2018221577A1 - 翼振動監視装置、翼振動監視システム、動翼、及び回転機械 - Google Patents
翼振動監視装置、翼振動監視システム、動翼、及び回転機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221577A1 WO2018221577A1 PCT/JP2018/020747 JP2018020747W WO2018221577A1 WO 2018221577 A1 WO2018221577 A1 WO 2018221577A1 JP 2018020747 W JP2018020747 W JP 2018020747W WO 2018221577 A1 WO2018221577 A1 WO 2018221577A1
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- shroud
- blade
- circumferential direction
- sensor
- vibration monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/04—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to undesired position of rotor relative to stator or to breaking-off of a part of the rotor, e.g. indicating such position
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
- F01D5/10—Anti- vibration means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H17/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, not provided for in the preceding groups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/14—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to other specific conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/22—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations
- F01D5/225—Blade-to-blade connections, e.g. for damping vibrations by shrouding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
- F05D2250/18—Two-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/182—Two-dimensional patterned crenellated, notched
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/31—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation
- F05D2250/314—Arrangement of components according to the direction of their main axis or their axis of rotation the axes being inclined in relation to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/32—Arrangement of components according to their shape
- F05D2250/323—Arrangement of components according to their shape convergent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/30—Arrangement of components
- F05D2250/32—Arrangement of components according to their shape
- F05D2250/324—Arrangement of components according to their shape divergent
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/304—Spool rotational speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/334—Vibration measurements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a blade vibration monitoring device, a blade vibration monitoring system, a moving blade, and a rotating machine.
- a manager of a rotating machine such as a turbine uses a blade vibration monitoring device to monitor vibration generated in the moving blade during turbine operation.
- the administrator verifies whether or not the vibration characteristics of the moving blades are as designed according to such monitoring.
- the manager performs such monitoring, confirms changes in the vibration characteristics of the moving blades due to changes in operating conditions, and improves the reliability of the turbine.
- the non-contact blade vibration measurement technique described above may be applied to a blade having a shroud (tip shroud) at the radially outer end.
- tip shroud a shroud
- the passage of the gap between the shrouds adjacent to the sensor in the circumferential direction (reference numeral G in FIG. 3) is detected. It is necessary to let However, since the gap between the shrouds is very small, there is a problem that it is difficult for the sensor to clearly obtain a detection signal representing the passage of the gap.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a blade vibration monitoring device, a blade vibration monitoring system, a moving blade, and a rotating machine capable of stably measuring vibration of a moving blade having a shroud.
- a blade vibration monitoring device includes a rotating shaft extending along an axis, a plurality of moving blades, a moving blade body extending radially outward from the rotating shaft, and A rotating machine having a plurality of blades having shrouds provided at the tip of the blade main body and contacting each other in the circumferential direction; and the shroud provided on the radially outer side of the shroud facing the shroud.
- a sensor for detecting a change in the outer circumferential surface of the shroud wherein the outer surface of the shroud is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the first surface and the first surface from both sides in the circumferential direction, and a detection signal from the sensor is A second surface different from the first surface.
- the motion having the shroud is compared with the method of detecting the gap between the shrouds. Measurement of blade vibration can be performed stably.
- the second surface may be formed such that the width in the circumferential direction gradually increases toward at least one of the upstream side and the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the position of the shroud in the axial direction can be specified based on the length of time that the second surface passes inside the sensor in the radial direction.
- the second surface may be formed such that the circumferential width increases stepwise toward at least one of the upstream side and the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the position of the shroud in the axial direction can be specified based on the length of time that the second surface passes inside the sensor in the radial direction.
- the length of time that the second surface passes through the radially inner side of the sensor can be changed discretely.
- the second surface may be formed to have a radial height different from that of the first surface.
- the second surface may be formed of a metal different from the first surface.
- the outer peripheral surface of the shroud can be flattened. Thereby, disturbance of the working fluid can be suppressed. Further, the second surface can be detected using a sensor that can detect an object in the electric field by generating an electric field.
- the blade vibration monitoring system includes a rotating shaft extending along an axis and a plurality of moving blades, the plurality of moving blade bodies extending radially outward from the rotating shaft. And a rotating machine comprising a plurality of blades having shrouds provided at the tip of the blade main body and contacting each other in the circumferential direction, and provided on the radially outer side of the shroud facing the shroud.
- a sensor that detects a change in the outer peripheral surface of the shroud; and a calculation unit that calculates a vibration amount of the shroud based on a detection signal of the sensor, wherein the outer surface of the shroud is a first surface; A second surface that is different from the first surface, and the arithmetic unit is arranged on a radially inner side of the sensor.
- First table There calculates the circumferential direction of the vibration of the shroud on the basis of the length of time to pass.
- the second surface is formed so that a width in a circumferential direction gradually increases toward one side in an axial direction
- the calculation unit is configured so that a radially inner side of the sensor is positioned on the second surface.
- the amount of vibration in the axial direction of the shroud may be calculated on the basis of the length of time that passes.
- the moving blade is a rotating blade of a rotary machine including a rotating shaft extending along an axis and a plurality of moving blades, and is radially outward from the rotating shaft. And a shroud provided at the tip of the rotor blade body and in contact with each other in the circumferential direction.
- the outer surface of the shroud is a first surface, and both sides of the first surface in the circumferential direction.
- the boundary with the first surface has a second surface inclined to at least one of the upstream side and the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the second surface may be formed such that the width in the circumferential direction gradually increases toward at least one of the upstream side and the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the second surface may be formed such that the circumferential width increases stepwise toward at least one of the upstream side and the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the second surface may be formed so as to have a radial height different from that of the first surface.
- the second surface may be formed of a metal different from the first surface.
- the rotating machine includes a rotating shaft extending along an axis, a plurality of moving blades, the moving blade main body extending radially outward from the rotating shaft, and the A plurality of rotor blades having shrouds provided at the tip of the rotor blade body and contacting each other in the circumferential direction, and provided on the radially outer side of the shroud so as to face the shroud to detect a change in the outer peripheral surface of the shroud A sensor, and an outer peripheral surface of the shroud is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the first surface and the first surface from both sides in the circumferential direction, and a detection signal from the sensor is different from the first surface.
- a blade vibration monitoring device having a surface.
- the rotor blade having the shroud is compared with the method of detecting the gap between the shrouds. Vibration measurement can be performed stably.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of FIG. 4 and is a cross-sectional view of the shroud of the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which made the horizontal axis the time and made the vertical axis
- the blade vibration monitoring device is, for example, a device including a rotating machine such as a turbine and a sensor necessary for monitoring the vibration of the moving blade, and the blade vibration monitoring system has an analysis device added to the blade vibration monitoring device 100.
- the blade vibration monitoring device 100 of the present embodiment includes a turbine 1 that is a rotating machine and a plurality of displacement sensors 14.
- the turbine 1 includes a rotating shaft 2, a casing 3, a stationary blade stage 4 including a plurality of stationary blades 5, and a moving blade stage 6 including a plurality of moving blades 7.
- the blade vibration monitoring system 101 of this embodiment includes an analysis device 11 in addition to the blade vibration monitoring device 100.
- the rotating shaft 2 has a cylindrical shape extending along the axis A.
- the rotating shaft 2 is supported at both ends in the axial direction Da along the axis A by the bearing device 8 so as to be rotatable around the axis.
- the direction in which the axis A of the rotating shaft 2 extends is defined as the axial direction Da.
- a direction perpendicular to the axis A is a radial direction, a side away from the axis A in the radial direction is referred to as a radially outer side, and a side closer to the axis A in the radial direction is referred to as a radially inner side.
- the bearing device 8 has a journal bearing 8A provided on each side of the axial direction Da of the rotary shaft 2 and a thrust bearing 8B provided only on one side in the axial direction Da.
- the journal bearing 8A supports a load in the radial direction by the rotating shaft 2.
- the thrust bearing 8B supports a load in the axial direction Da by the rotary shaft 2.
- the casing 3 has a cylindrical shape extending in the axial direction Da.
- the casing 3 covers the rotating shaft 2 from the outer peripheral side.
- the casing 3 includes an intake port 9 and an exhaust port 10.
- the intake port 9 is formed on the upstream side (right side in FIG. 1) of the casing 3 in the axial direction Da, and takes in steam (working fluid) into the casing 3 from the outside.
- the exhaust port 10 is formed on the downstream side of the casing 3 in the axial direction Da, and exhausts the steam that has passed through the casing 3 to the outside.
- a side where the intake port 9 is located when viewed from the exhaust port 10 is referred to as an upstream side, and a side where the exhaust port 10 is viewed when viewed from the intake port 9 is referred to as a downstream side.
- the stationary blade stage 4 is provided with a plurality of stages on the inner peripheral surface 3 a of the casing 3 at intervals along the axial direction Da. Each stationary blade stage 4 is disposed upstream of each moving blade stage 6. Each stationary blade stage 4 has a plurality of stationary blades 5 that are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the axis A and extend radially outward from the rotating shaft 2 in the radial direction. The stationary blade 5 is provided so as to extend radially inward from the inner peripheral surface 3 a of the casing 3. The stationary blade 5 has an airfoil-shaped cross section when viewed from the radial direction.
- the moving blade stage 6 is provided with a plurality of stages on the outer peripheral surface 2 a of the rotating shaft 2 with an interval in the axial direction Da.
- Each moving blade stage 6 has a plurality of moving blades 7 arranged on the outer peripheral surface 2 a of the rotating shaft 2 at intervals in the circumferential direction of the axis.
- each of the plurality of moving blades 7 constituting at least one moving blade stage 6 is fixed to the moving blade body 12 and the blade tip of the moving blade body 12.
- Shroud 13 chip shroud.
- the rotor blade body 12 is formed to extend radially outward from the rotating shaft 2.
- the rotor blade body 12 has an airfoil-shaped cross section when viewed from the radial direction.
- the shroud 13 is provided at the radially outer end of the rotor blade body 12.
- the shroud 13 has a plate shape having a predetermined thickness in the radial direction.
- the shroud 13 is integrally fixed to the blade main body 12 so as to project in the circumferential direction on the radially outer side of the blade main body 12.
- a surface of the shroud 13 facing outward in the radial direction is an outer peripheral surface 13 a of the shroud 13.
- each shroud 13 is disposed so as to be adjacent to and partly abutted in the circumferential direction Dc of the axis A (see FIG. 2). That is, the shroud 13 is pressed against the shroud 13 of another moving blade 7 adjacent in the circumferential direction Dc.
- a surface that faces the upstream side and extends along the circumferential direction Dc is an upstream end surface 19 and a surface that faces the downstream side and extends along the circumferential direction Dc is a downstream end surface 20.
- the surface of the shroud 13 on one side in the circumferential direction Dc and facing the front side in the rotational direction R is the first circumferential direction end surface 21, and the surface on the other side in the circumferential direction Dc and facing the rear side in the rotational direction R A second circumferential end face 22 is provided.
- a convex portion 23 is formed on the first circumferential end surface 21.
- the second circumferential end surface 22 has a recess 24 corresponding to the projection 23 formed on the first circumferential end surface 21.
- a gap G is provided between the adjacent shrouds 13 in consideration of deformation of the shroud 13 during operation.
- the displacement sensor 14 is provided on the radially outer side of the shroud 13 so as to face the shroud 13.
- the displacement sensor 14 is fixed to the casing 3 (see FIG. 1) on the stationary side.
- the number of displacement sensors 14 is the same as the number of moving blades 7, but is not limited thereto.
- the displacement sensor 14 is an eddy current displacement sensor that measures a distance from the shroud 13 that is a measurement object.
- the displacement sensor 14 is not limited to an eddy current type, but may be a sensor that can measure displacement without contact, such as a laser type or an ultrasonic type.
- FIG. 2 shows the displacement sensor 14 arranged for one moving blade stage 6, the displacement sensor 14 may be similarly arranged for the other moving blade stage 6.
- the displacement sensor 14 is connected to the analysis device 11 of the blade vibration monitoring system 101 via an electric signal cable.
- the blade vibration monitoring device 100 includes a rotation sensor 17 that detects one rotation of the rotary shaft 2.
- the rotation sensor 17 detects one rotation of the rotating shaft 2 and outputs a predetermined pulse wave indicating the detection time.
- the outer peripheral surface 13 a of the shroud 13 has a first surface 25 and a second surface 26 arranged so as to be sandwiched by the first surface 25 from both sides in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the second surface 26 has a strip shape extending in the axial direction Da near the center of the shroud 13 in the circumferential direction Dc.
- the second surface 26 extends from the upstream end surface 19 of the shroud 13 to the downstream end surface 20.
- the second surface 26 is formed such that the width in the circumferential direction Dc gradually increases toward one side (downstream side) in the axial direction Da.
- the pair of boundary lines 27 between the first surface 25 and the second surface 26 is a straight line, and the pair of boundary lines 27 are inclined so as to be separated from each other toward one side in the axial direction Da. ing.
- the second surface 26 is formed such that the distance in the circumferential direction Dc between the pair of boundary lines 27 (hereinafter referred to as a second surface width W) is a predetermined length or more.
- the second surface 26 is formed so as to have a height different from that of the first surface 25 in the radial direction Dr.
- the second surface 26 of the present embodiment has a height in the radial direction Dr that is lower than that of the first surface 25.
- the thickness of the second surface 26 is thinner than the thickness of the first surface 25. That is, the second surface 26 is formed so that the detection signal from the displacement sensor 14 is different from the first surface 25.
- the first surface 25 and the second surface 26 of all the shrouds 13 constituting one blade stage 6 have the same shape.
- the analysis device 11 includes a storage unit 11 a and a calculation unit 11 b that calculates a vibration amount of the shroud 13 based on a detection signal from the displacement sensor 14, that is, a distance between the displacement sensor 14 and the shroud 13. .
- the length in the circumferential direction Dc (second surface width W) of the second surface 26 that passes through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14 and the position of the shroud 13 in the axial direction Da is remembered.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the signal intensity of the detection signal of the displacement sensor 14.
- the distance between the displacement sensor 14, which is a detection signal detected by the displacement sensor 14, and the outer peripheral surface of the shroud 13 is large when the second surface 26 passes through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14.
- the detection signal of the second surface 26 has a waveform that periodically appears. Since the second surface 26 and the first surface 25 have different radial heights, the detection signal changes clearly.
- the time width T1 of the second surface 26 (the length of time that the second surface 26 passes through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14).
- the time width T2 of the first surface 25 (the length of time that the first surface 25 passes through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14) is constant.
- the administrator can monitor the vibration generated in the moving blade 7 based on the change of the time width T1 and the time width T2.
- the time width T2 changes.
- the calculation unit of the analysis device 11 calculates the vibration amount of the shroud 13 based on the time width T2.
- the calculation unit calculates the vibration amount of the shroud 13 from the peripheral speed Vr of the shroud 13 and the time width T2.
- the time width T1 changes. That is, by forming the second surface width W so as to gradually increase toward one side in the axial direction Da, the time width T1 varies depending on the position of the shroud 13 in the axial direction Da.
- the calculation unit of the analysis device 11 calculates the second surface width W based on the time width T1.
- the second surface width W can be calculated by Vr ⁇ T1.
- the position of the shroud 13 in the axial direction Da is specified using the relationship between the second surface width W stored in the storage unit 11a and the position of the shroud 13 in the axial direction Da. be able to.
- the storage unit 11a of the analysis device 11 can store calibration data acquired in advance by a factory test or the like.
- the data for calibration is, for example, the relationship between the measured time width T1 at a predetermined peripheral speed and the length in the circumferential direction Dc of the second surface 26 that has passed through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14. In this way, by storing the calibration data in the storage unit, even if the detection signal becomes unclear due to the low frequency characteristics of the sensor, the vibration amount is compared with the calibration data. Can be predicted.
- FIG. 7 is a view of the moving blade stage 6 as viewed from the outside in the radial direction, and is a view for explaining the signal width when the shroud 13 vibrates in the axial direction Da.
- the shroud F2 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line does not vibrate in the axial direction Da with respect to the reference shroud F1.
- the shroud F3 indicated by the solid line vibrates in the axial direction Da with respect to the reference shroud F1.
- the shape of the second surface 26 and the vibration amount of the shroud are exaggerated in order to clarify the effect.
- the actual amplitude of the shroud is the distance of the line segment ab, but the sensor measurement amplitude measured by the displacement sensor 14 is the distance of the line segment aa ′.
- the line segment aa ′ can be calculated by the following mathematical formula (1).
- ⁇ is an angle of the boundary line 27 between the first surface 25 and the second surface 26 with respect to the axis A.
- X and Y are components of the actual amplitude of the shroud 13.
- aa ′ Y + X tan ⁇ (1)
- the sensor measurement amplitude aa ′ measured by the displacement sensor 14 can be made larger than the actual amplitude ab. Thereby, the sensitivity of the blade vibration monitoring apparatus 100 can be improved.
- the detection signal detected by the displacement sensor 14 is different between the first surface 25 and the second surface 26 of the shroud 13, it is compared with a method of detecting the gap G between the shrouds 13.
- the vibration of the moving blade 7 having the shroud 13 can be stably measured.
- the shroud 13 of this embodiment makes the detection signal by the displacement sensor 14 differ by the 1st surface 25 and the 2nd surface 26 by making the height of the radial direction of the 1st surface 25 and the 2nd surface 26 differ. I tried to make them different. Thereby, the structure where the detection signal by the displacement sensor 14 differs in the 1st surface 25 and the 2nd surface 26 can be formed more easily.
- the amount of vibration in the circumferential direction Dc of the shroud 13 can be calculated based on the length of time that the first surface 25 passes through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14.
- the second surface 26 is formed so that the width in the circumferential direction Dc gradually increases toward one side of the axial direction Da, the time required for the second surface 26 to pass through the radially inner side of the displacement sensor 14.
- the amount of vibration of the shroud 13 in the axial direction Da can be calculated on the basis of the length of.
- the measurement position of the shroud 13 by the displacement sensor 14 can be grasped based on the second surface width W, it can be reflected in the review of the limit value and safety factor in blade vibration monitoring.
- the shroud 13 ⁇ / b> B of the present embodiment includes a shroud main body 30 and a dissimilar metal portion 31 embedded in the shroud main body 30.
- the shape of the dissimilar metal portion 31 viewed from the outside in the radial direction is the same as the shape of the second surface 26 of the first embodiment.
- the second surface 26 of the present embodiment is a surface of the dissimilar metal part 31 embedded in the shroud main body 30.
- the outer peripheral surface of the shroud 13B is formed such that the first surface 25 and the second surface 26 are on the same plane (on the same curved surface).
- the sensor according to the present embodiment is an electric field sensor that can detect an object in an electric field in a non-contact manner by generating an electric field. As a result, the detection signal from the sensor differs between the first surface 25 and the second surface 26.
- the outer peripheral surface 13a of the shroud 13B can be flattened. Thereby, disturbance of the working fluid can be suppressed. Further, the second surface 26 can be detected using a sensor that can detect an object in the electric field by generating an electric field.
- the dissimilar metal portion 31 having a predetermined thickness is embedded.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a tape formed of a metal material different from the material of the shroud main body 30 may be attached. .
- the second surface 26 ⁇ / b> C of the present embodiment is formed so that the width in the circumferential direction Dc increases stepwise as it goes to one side in the axial direction Da.
- the boundary line 27C between the first surface 25 and the second surface 26C is formed in a step shape.
- the position of the shroud 13C in the axial direction Da can be specified based on the length of time that the second surface 26 passes through the inner side in the radial direction of the sensor.
- the length of time that the second surface 26C passes through the inner side in the radial direction of the sensor can be changed discretely.
- the blade vibration monitoring device 100D of the present embodiment includes a laser sensor 15 disposed at the same axial position as the displacement sensor 14, a purge air supply device 16 that cleans the tip of the laser sensor 15, have.
- the laser sensor 15 is an optical sensor that irradiates laser light and detects reflected light that is reflected from the outer peripheral surface of the shroud 13.
- the laser sensor 15 Since the laser sensor 15 has high frequency characteristics, it is possible to accurately measure the second surface width W (see FIG. 4) of the shroud 13 that passes at a higher speed than an eddy current displacement sensor or the like.
- the laser sensor 15 may be affected by steam in the environment of the steam turbine, resulting in a signal failure.
- the laser sensor 15 since the laser sensor 15 is intended to detect the second surface width W, it is always measured stably. What you can do is not so important. That is, it is only necessary to be able to measure for a short time, and it is possible to perform a certain evaluation if it is possible to obtain well with only several detection signals instead of all the moving blades 7 (shroud 13).
- the second surface 26 is formed so that the width in the circumferential direction gradually increases toward the downstream side in the axial direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as it goes toward the downstream side in the axial direction. You may form so that the width
- the blade vibration monitoring apparatus and blade vibration monitoring system of the above embodiment are technologies that can be used without distinction for rotating machines such as steam turbines and gas turbines.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年5月31日に出願された特願2017-107663号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
以下、本発明の第一実施形態の翼振動監視装置及び翼振動監視システムを図面を参照して説明する。翼振動監視装置は、例えば、タービンなどの回転機械と、動翼の振動を監視するのに必要なセンサを含む装置であり、翼振動監視システムは、翼振動監視装置100に解析装置を加えたシステムである。
図1に示すように、本実施形態の翼振動監視装置100は、回転機械であるタービン1と、複数の変位センサ14と、を備えている。
タービン1は、回転軸2と、ケーシング3と、複数の静翼5を備える静翼段4と、複数の動翼7を備える動翼段6と、を備えている。
なお、以下の説明において、回転軸2の軸線Aが延びている方向を軸線方向Daとする。また、軸線Aに直交する方向を径方向とし、この径方向で軸線Aから遠ざかる側を径方向外側と言い、この径方向で軸線Aに近づく側を径方向内側と言う。
ケーシング3は、吸気口9と、排気口10と、を備えている。吸気口9は、ケーシング3の軸線方向Daの上流側(図1の右側)に形成され、外部からケーシング3内に蒸気(作動流体)を取り入れる。排気口10は、ケーシング3の軸線方向Daの下流側に形成され、ケーシング3内を通過した蒸気を外部に排気する。
以下の説明では、軸線方向Daにおいて、排気口10から見て吸気口9が位置する側を上流側と言い、吸気口9から見て排気口10が位置する側を下流側と言う。
静翼5は、ケーシング3の内周面3aから径方向内側に向かって延びるよう設けられている。静翼5は、径方向から見て翼型の断面を有している。
動翼本体12は、回転軸2から径方向外側に向かって延びるよう形成されている。動翼本体12は、径方向から見て翼型の断面を有している。
また、シュラウド13における周方向Dcの一方側であって回転方向R前方側を向く面が第一周方向端面21とされ、周方向Dcの他方側であって回転方向R後方側を向く面が第二周方向端面22とされている。
隣接するシュラウド13同士の間には、運転時におけるシュラウド13の変形を考慮して設けられた隙間Gが設けられている。
変位センサ14は、測定対象物であるシュラウド13との距離を測定する渦電流式変位センサである。変位センサ14としては、渦電流式に限らず、レーザー式、超音波式など、非接触で変位を測定することができるセンサを採用することができる。
翼振動監視装置100は、回転軸2の一回転を検出する回転センサ17を備えている。回転センサ17は、回転軸2の一回転を検出して、その検出時を示す所定のパルス波を出力する。
図4に示すように、シュラウド13の外周面13aは、第一表面25と、第一表面25に周方向Dc両側から挟まれるように配置されている第二表面26とを有している。第二表面26は、シュラウド13における周方向Dcの中央近傍にて、軸線方向Daに延在する帯状をなしている。第二表面26は、シュラウド13の上流側端面19から下流側端面20まで延在している。
一の動翼段6を構成する全てのシュラウド13の第一表面25及び第二表面26は、同形状をなしている。
解析装置11の記憶部11aには、変位センサ14の径方向内側を通過する第二表面26の周方向Dcの長さ(第二表面幅W)と、シュラウド13の軸線方向Daの位置との関係が記憶されている。
タービン1を運転するに当たっては、まずボイラ等の蒸気供給源(図示省略)から供給された高温高圧の蒸気が、吸気口9を通じてケーシング3の内部に導入される。ケーシング3内に導入された蒸気は、動翼7(動翼段6)、及び静翼5(静翼段4)に順次衝突する。
各々の静翼段4においては、上流側から流れてきた蒸気が静翼5に当たることで、この蒸気の流れに回転軸2周りの旋回成分が付与される。これにより、各々の静翼段4の下流側では、蒸気の流れは回転軸2周りに旋回している。各々の動翼段6は、上流側の静翼段4を経て回転軸2周りに旋回した蒸気の流れが到達する。この旋回した蒸気の流れが各々の動翼7に当たることで、回転軸2は回転エネルギーを得て、軸線回りに回転する。この回転軸2の回転運動は、軸端に連結された発電機等(図示省略)によって取り出される。
以上のサイクルが連続的に繰り返される。
図6は、横軸を時間、縦軸を変位センサ14の検出信号の信号強度とした図である。図6に示すように、変位センサ14によって検出された検出信号である変位センサ14とシュラウド13の外周面との距離は、変位センサ14の径方向内側を第二表面26が通過した際に大きくなる。動翼7が回転軸2の周方向Dcに等間隔に設けられている場合には、第二表面26の検出信号が定期的に現れる波形となる。第二表面26と第一表面25とは径方向の高さが異なるため、検出信号は明瞭に変化する。
動翼7が周方向Dcに振動する場合、時間幅T2が変化する。
解析装置11の演算部は、時間幅T2に基づいて、シュラウド13の振動量を演算する。演算部は、シュラウド13の周速Vrと時間幅T2とからシュラウド13の振動量を演算する。
このように、キャリブレーション用のデータを記憶部に記憶することによって、センサの周波数特性が低いことにより、検出信号が不明瞭になった場合においても、キャリブレーション用のデータとの対比により振動量を予測することができる。
図7は、動翼段6を径方向外側から見た図であり、シュラウド13が軸線方向Daに振動した場合の信号幅について説明する図である。
aa’ = Y + Xtanθ ・・・(1)
また、第二表面26が軸線方向Daの一方側に向かうに従って漸次周方向Dcの幅が増加するように形成されていることによって、変位センサ14の径方向内側を第二表面26が通過する時間の長さに基づいて、シュラウド13の軸線方向Daの振動量を演算することができる。
以下、本発明の第二実施形態の翼振動監視装置について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した第一実施形態との相違点を中心に述べ、同様の部分についてはその説明を省略する。
図9に示すように、本実施形態のシュラウド13Bは、シュラウド本体30と、シュラウド本体30に埋め込まれている異種金属部31と、を有している。径方向外側から見た異種金属部31の形状は、第一実施形態の第二表面26の形状と同一である。本実施形態の第二表面26は、シュラウド本体30に埋め込まれている異種金属部31の表面である。シュラウド13Bの外周面は、第一表面25と第二表面26とが同一平面上(同一曲面上)となるように形成されている。
なお、上記実施形態では、所定の厚さを有する異種金属部31を埋め込む構成としたがこれに限ることはなく、シュラウド本体30の材料とは異なる金属材料によって形成されたテープを貼ってもよい。
以下、本発明の第三実施形態の翼振動監視装置について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した第一実施形態との相違点を中心に述べ、同様の部分についてはその説明を省略する。
図10に示すように、本実施形態の第二表面26Cは、軸線方向Daの一方側に向かうに従って段階的に周方向Dcの幅が増加するように形成されている。換言すれば、第一表面25と第二表面26Cとの間の境界線27Cは階段状に形成されている。
以下、本発明の第四実施形態の翼振動監視装置について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、本実施形態では、上述した第一実施形態との相違点を中心に述べ、同様の部分についてはその説明を省略する。
図11に示すように、本実施形態の翼振動監視装置100Dは、変位センサ14と同じ軸線方向の位置に配置されたレーザーセンサ15と、レーザーセンサ15の先端を洗浄するパージエア供給装置16と、を有している。レーザーセンサ15は、レーザー光を照射して、レーザー光がシュラウド13の外周面において反射した反射光を検出する光学式センサである。
レーザーセンサ15は蒸気タービンの環境では蒸気の影響を受けてしまい信号不良となる可能性があるが、レーザーセンサ15は第二表面幅Wを検出することが目的であるため、常時安定して計測できることはそれほど重要とはならない。即ち、短時間計測できればよく、全ての動翼7(シュラウド13)ではなく、数枚の検出信号だけでも良好に取得出来れば一定の評価が可能となる。よって、レーザーセンサ15の信号が不調になった時のみ、センサ先端にパージエアを吹き込みセンサ先端を洗浄し、短期間だけでも信号が取得できる構造を持ち合わせることが理想である。パージエアは短時間のみの吹き込みであるためタービン1への影響は最小限に留めることができる。
なお、上記実施形態では、第二表面26が軸線方向の下流側に向かうに従って漸次周方向の幅が増加するように形成されているがこれに限ることはなく、軸線方向の下流側に向かうに従って漸次周方向の幅が減少するように形成してもよい。
上記実施形態の翼振動監視装置及び翼振動監視システムは、蒸気タービンやガスタービンなどの回転機械に区別なく使用できる技術である。
2 回転軸
3 ケーシング
4 静翼段
5 静翼
6 動翼段
7 動翼
8 軸受装置
9 吸気口
10 排気口
11 解析装置
12 動翼本体
13 シュラウド
13a 外周面
14 変位センサ
15 レーザーセンサ
16 パージエア供給装置
17 回転センサ
19 上流側端面
20 下流側端面
21 第一周方向端面
22 第二周方向端面
23 凸部
24 凹部
25 第一表面
26 第二表面
27 境界線
30 シュラウド本体
31 異種金属部
100 翼振動監視装置
101 翼振動監視システム
A 軸線
Da 軸方向
Dc 周方向
Dr 径方向
G 隙間
Claims (13)
- 軸線に沿って延びる回転軸と、複数の動翼であって、前記回転軸から径方向外側に放射状に延びる動翼本体、及び、前記動翼本体の先端に設けられて互いに周方向に接触するシュラウドを有する複数の動翼と、を備える回転機械と、
前記シュラウドの径方向外側に前記シュラウドに対向して設けられて前記シュラウドの外周面の変化を検出するセンサと、を備え、
前記シュラウドの外周面が、
第一表面と、
前記第一表面に周方向両側から挟まれるように配置されて、前記センサによる検出信号が前記第一表面とは異なる第二表面と、を有する翼振動監視装置。 - 前記第二表面は、軸線方向の上流側及び下流側の少なくとも一方に向かうに従って漸次周方向の幅が増加するように形成されている請求項1に記載の翼振動監視装置。
- 前記第二表面は、軸線方向の上流側及び下流側の少なくとも一方に向かうに従って段階的に周方向の幅が増加するように形成されている請求項1に記載の翼振動監視装置。
- 前記第二表面は、前記第一表面と径方向の高さが異なるように形成されている請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の翼振動監視装置。
- 前記第二表面は、前記第一表面と異なる金属によって形成されている請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の翼振動監視装置。
- 軸線に沿って延びる回転軸と、複数の動翼であって、前記回転軸から径方向外側に放射状に延びる複数の動翼本体、及び、前記動翼本体の先端に設けられて互いに周方向に接触するシュラウドを有する複数の動翼と、を備える回転機械と、
前記シュラウドの径方向外側に前記シュラウドに対向して設けられて前記シュラウドの外周面の変化を検出するセンサと、
前記センサの検出信号に基づいて、前記シュラウドの振動量を演算する演算部と、を備え、
前記シュラウドの外周面が、
第一表面と、
前記第一表面に周方向両側から挟まれるように配置されて、前記センサによる検出信号が前記第一表面とは異なる第二表面と、を有し、
前記演算部は、前記センサの径方向内側を前記第一表面が通過する時間の長さに基づいて前記シュラウドの周方向の振動量を演算する翼振動監視システム。 - 前記第二表面は、軸線方向の一方側に向かうに従って漸次周方向の幅が増加するように形成され、
前記演算部は、前記センサの径方向内側を前記第二表面が通過する時間の長さに基づいて前記シュラウドの軸線方向の振動量を演算する請求項6に記載の翼振動監視システム。 - 軸線に沿って延びる回転軸と、複数の動翼と、を備える回転機械の動翼であって、
前記回転軸から径方向外側に放射状に延びる動翼本体と、
前記動翼本体の先端に設けられて互いに周方向に接触するシュラウドと、を有し、
前記シュラウドの外周面が、
第一表面と、
前記第一表面に周方向両側から挟まれるように配置されて、前記第一表面との境界は軸線方向の上流側及び下流側の少なくともいずれかに傾斜している第二表面と、を有する動翼。 - 前記第二表面は、軸線方向の上流側及び下流側の少なくとも一方に向かうに従って漸次周方向の幅が増加するように形成されている請求項8に記載の動翼。
- 前記第二表面は、軸線方向の上流側及び下流側の少なくとも一方に向かうに従って段階的に周方向の幅が増加するように形成されている請求項9に記載の動翼。
- 前記第二表面は、前記第一表面と径方向の高さが異なるように形成されている請求項8から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の動翼。
- 前記第二表面は、前記第一表面と異なる金属によって形成されている請求項8から請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の動翼。
- 軸線に沿って延びる回転軸と、
複数の動翼であって、前記回転軸から径方向外側に放射状に延びる動翼本体、及び、前記動翼本体の先端に設けられて互いに周方向に接触するシュラウドを有する複数の動翼と、
前記シュラウドの径方向外側に前記シュラウドに対向して設けられて前記シュラウドの外周面の変化を検出するセンサと、を備え、
前記シュラウドの外周面が、第一表面と、前記第一表面に周方向両側から挟まれるように配置されて、前記センサによる検出信号が前記第一表面とは異なる第二表面と、を有する翼振動監視装置を備える回転機械。
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DE112018002812.7T DE112018002812T5 (de) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-05-30 | Schaufelschwingungsüberwachungsvorrichtung, Schaufelschwingungsüberwachungssystem, Laufschaufel und Rotationsmaschine |
CN201880034060.1A CN110662948B (zh) | 2017-05-31 | 2018-05-30 | 叶片振动监视装置、叶片振动监视系统、动叶及旋转机械 |
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- 2018-05-30 US US16/617,268 patent/US20210131861A1/en active Pending
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- 2018-05-30 JP JP2019521265A patent/JP7065844B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-30 CN CN201880034060.1A patent/CN110662948B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-30 DE DE112018002812.7T patent/DE112018002812T5/de active Pending
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CN110662948A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
CN110662948B (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
DE112018002812T5 (de) | 2020-02-20 |
KR20200002952A (ko) | 2020-01-08 |
US20210131861A1 (en) | 2021-05-06 |
JP7065844B2 (ja) | 2022-05-12 |
JPWO2018221577A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
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