WO2018216682A1

WO2018216682A1 - Palm material utilization method, and wood-based material and method for manufacturing same

Info

Publication number: WO2018216682A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/019632
Authority: WO
Inventors: 裕三古田; 昌男福山; 秀夫月東; 久士宮藤; 煕梶田; 由華三好; 圭輔神代; 貴文伊藤
Original assignee: 株式会社パームホルツ; 裕三古田
Priority date: 2017-05-25
Filing date: 2018-05-22
Publication date: 2018-11-29
Also published as: JP7260861B2; MY201099A; JPWO2018216682A1; JP2023027350A

Abstract

Provided is a palm material utilization method for efficiently separating palm material, such as oil palm material that has hitherto been left unutilized, into vascular bundles and parenchymatous cells and effectively utilizing the same. Also provided are a wood-based material in which separated vascular bundles are utilized and which is practically applicable for uses such as building material, and a method for manufacturing the wood-based material. Palm material is separated into vascular bundles and parenchymatous cells by means of pulverization, compression, blasting, high-pressure water jetting, or the like. A plurality of the separated vascular bundles are combined and bonded together using a resin material and are utilized as a wood-based material structural member. Meanwhile, the separated parenchymatous cells are utilized as a livestock feed or a raw material for bioethanol.

Description

Method of using palm material, and wood-based material and method for producing the same

The present invention is a method for using palm wood that has been discarded without being used as a woody resource. The trunk and stems and leaves of palm are separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, and the separated vascular bundles and parenchyma cells are separated. The present invention relates to a method for using a palm material that is used for different purposes, and a wood-based material and a method for producing the same.

Coconut (coconut palm) is a general term for plants belonging to the monocotyledonous coconut family, and is a plant widely distributed from the subtropical zone to the temperate zone mainly in the tropics. These plants belonging to the palm family are important as resource plants in the tropics, and many species have been used in various ways since ancient times. For example, coconut palm is used for food by taking palm oil, or a transparent liquid at the center of the fruit is used as a beverage. Moreover, palm oil collected from oil palm (oil palm) fruit is an important edible and industrial material.

Thus, palm is a useful plant resource, but only pulp and seeds are mainly used. Wood parts such as tree trunks have low practical strength, are not useful as wood, and are left unused. For example, oil palm (hereinafter referred to as “oil palm”) is cultivated on a large scale, mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia, as a commercial crop. The cultivation of this oil palm is aimed at collecting fats and oils, and only the pulp and seeds are used.

Oil palm has been replanted every 25 years after the end of its economic life due to a decrease in fruit yield in 25-30 years after planting. A large amount of oil palm trunk material generated during this reforestation is considered to be unsuitable for lumbering because it is crazy for wood applications. Therefore, the felled oil palm trunk is not used effectively, but is discarded as industrial waste or left as it is in the oil palm plantation.

Therefore, various attempts have been made to effectively use this oil palm trunk as a resource. In recent years, it has been studied as a raw material for carbon neutral fuel as a biomass resource. For example, in the following Patent Document 1, “use of oil palm material as a raw material for bioethanol” is proposed.

The felled oil palm trunk material contains many free sugars in addition to cellulose and hemicellulose, unlike other tree species. These free sugars are mainly composed of sucrose, glucose, fructose and the like and contain about 10% of the trunk material. Furthermore, it is said that the oil palm trunk material contains about 25% starch (Non-Patent Document 1 below).

Therefore, in the following Patent Document 1, the oil palm trunk material is squeezed and separated into a squeezed solution containing free sugar and a squeezed culm (squeezed culm). Furthermore, this pressed rice bran is subjected to an enzyme treatment (amylase treatment) to obtain a treatment liquid containing a monosaccharide, and a mixture of this treatment liquid and the compression liquid is fermented to obtain ethanol.

In Patent Document 2 below, a “water-absorbing material” is proposed in which the oil palm trunk material is not decomposed but is used as a raw material. This water-absorbing material is a highly water-absorbing material mainly composed of soft tissue obtained from oil palm trunk material (which is considered to be “soft cells” storing starch and the like).

Furthermore, in the following Patent Document 3, “plywood, palm plywood, plywood manufacturing method, and palm plywood manufacturing method” using oil palm trunk as an original woody material is proposed. This palm plywood is obtained by adhering a veneer obtained from an oil palm trunk material with an adhesive. In the above-mentioned general plywood manufacturing method, a plurality of single plates obtained by thinly peeling an oil palm trunk material are laminated. These are made by applying an adhesive between them and bonding them to form a single plate material (plywood).

JP 2009-112246 A JP2011-224479A JP 2011-068015 A

By the way, the use of bioethanol as a raw material of Patent Document 1 is wonderful as a production of carbon neutral fuel, but it is necessary to squeeze the oil palm trunk material, to perform an enzyme treatment, and to perform a fermentation treatment. Requires large processes and large equipment. Furthermore, the vascular bundles that occupy most of the squeezes cannot be used effectively, and new industrial waste is generated.

Moreover, although the water absorbing material of the said patent document 2 is utilization as industrial material, complicated processes, such as isolation | separation of soft tissue and a vascular bundle by pressing, drying of a solid residue, grinding | pulverization, and sieving, are required. . In addition, soft tissue, which is a water-absorbing material, is about 50-60% of the solid residue produced by pressing, and will generate new industrial waste such as pressing liquid and disposal of vascular bundles that are unnecessary solids. .

On the other hand, the use as a palm plywood of the above-mentioned patent document 3 can use a single board obtained by peeling off an oil palm trunk material and drying it. Therefore, since many parts of the oil palm trunk can be used, no new industrial waste is generated.

However, the veneer obtained from the oil palm trunk material is different from the veneer conventionally used for plywood, such as lauan, has a low density, and therefore its strength is weak. It became a problem and could not be used in a wide range of applications that could replace hard wood.

Therefore, the present invention addresses the above and efficiently separates palm material such as oil palm material that has not been used so far into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, and the vascular bundles. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of using a palm material that effectively uses a cell and a parenchyma cell. In addition, the present invention provides a wood-based material having a physical property similar to or higher than that of conventional wood using a separated vascular bundle and practically usable for uses such as building materials, and a method for producing the same. With the goal.

In solving the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors, as a result of earnest research, separated the vascular bundle and parenchyma cells almost completely using means such as crushing, squeezing, blasting, and water flow high-pressure jetting on the oil palm material. The present invention has been completed. In addition, the present invention has been completed by using the separated vascular bundle as a structural material.

That is, according to the description of claim 1, the use method of the palm material according to the present invention,
The palm material is separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells using means such as crushing, squeezing, blasting, water flow high pressure injection, etc.
The separated vascular bundles and parenchyma cells are effectively used as industrial materials or resources for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, respectively.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 2, this invention is the utilization method of the palm material of Claim 1,
In the method of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells,
Using a squeezing device provided with two metal rolls having a plurality of V-shaped or concavo-convex grooves composed of peaks and valleys provided in parallel on the surface of the cylinder along the circumferential direction. ,
These metal rolls rotate in the opposite direction with each other's crests and troughs engaged with each other with the cylindrical axis directions parallel to each other,
By inserting the length of the vascular bundle between the two metal rolls that rotate by meshing the piece of coconut material so as to be parallel to or intersecting the plurality of grooves to be engaged,
It is characterized by efficient separation into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 3, this invention is the utilization method of the palm material of Claim 1,
In the method of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells,
A pulverization operation using a pulverizer, and a sieving operation for separating the pulverized product after the pulverization operation into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells using a sieving device,
In the pulverization operation, by changing the aperture of the porous sieve provided at the discharge port of the pulverizer and the aperture of the sieving machine used for the sieving operation,
The axial diameter and axial length of the separated vascular bundle, and the ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle are changed.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 4, this invention is the utilization method of the palm material of Claim 3,
The aperture of the porous sieve has a pore diameter of 5 mm to 20 mm,
The vascular bundle and the parenchyma that have passed through the porous sieve are used.

Further, according to the description of claim 5, the present invention is a method for using a palm material according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
After the palm material is cut down, it is dried to a water content of 15% by mass or less and then separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells.

Further, according to the description of claim 6, the present invention is a method for using a palm material according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
After the felling of the palm material, it is separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells without drying.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 7, the present invention is a method of using palm material,
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The parenchyma cells are used as livestock feed.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 8, the present invention is a method for using palm material,
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The parenchyma cells are used as a raw material for bioethanol.

Moreover, according to the description of claim 9, the present invention is a method for using palm material,
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The parenchyma cells are used as a medium used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms.

According to the description of claim 10, the wood-based material according to the present invention is
Of the vascular bundles and parenchyma that make up the palm material, use the vascular bundles in which the parenchyma cells have been detached,
It is composed of a structural material obtained by combining a plurality of the vascular bundles, and a resin material that binds the vascular bundles.

Moreover, according to the description of Claim 11, this invention is the woody material of Claim 10, Comprising:
The structural material is characterized in that the vascular bundle is oriented in a direction of two or more axes intersecting each other.

According to the description of claim 12, the present invention is the woody material according to claim 10,
The structural material is characterized in that the vascular bundle cut to a predetermined length is formed in a non-oriented manner.

Further, according to the description of claim 13, the present invention is the woody material according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
The structural material is molded with the resin material applied,
The value of the air dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 (g / cm ³ ).

Moreover, according to the description of claim 14, the manufacturing method of the wood-based material according to the present invention,
A method for producing a woody material according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
A separation process for separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells;
An applying step of applying a resin material to the vascular bundle;
A bonding step of bonding between the vascular bundles by the resin material,
In the applying step,
A phenol resin is used as the resin material, and the vascular bundle is impregnated with a 2-50 mass% aqueous phenol resin solution,
In the combining step,
The vascular bundle impregnated with the aqueous phenol resin solution is dried and then molded with a high-pressure press at a temperature of 140 to 220 ° C.

According to the above configuration, the method for using palm material according to the present invention first separates the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. As the separation method, means such as pulverization, squeezing, explosion, water flow high pressure injection, and the like can be used. Among the separated parts, the vascular bundle can be effectively used as an industrial material such as a structural material of a wood-based material. On the other hand, parenchymal cells can be effectively used as resources for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, such as industrial materials such as bioethanol raw materials, livestock feed, and culture media for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms. As a result, it is possible to effectively use palm materials that have been left without being used so far, and do not generate new industrial waste.

In addition, according to the above configuration, in a method of separating a palm material into a vascular bundle and a parenchyma cell, a pressing device including two metal rolls may be used. Each of the two metal rolls has a plurality of grooves provided in parallel on the surface of the cylinder along the circumferential direction. These grooves have a V-shaped or concavo-convex shape including a peak portion and a valley portion. In addition, these metal rolls rotate in the opposite direction with the crests and the troughs engaged with each other with the cylinder axis directions in parallel.

In such a state, the palm piece is inserted between two rotating metal rolls. In addition, the board | plate piece of palm material is inserted so that it may parallel or cross | intersect the some groove | channel which bites the length direction of the vascular bundle. As a result, a palm material mainly composed of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells is clearly separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. By controlling the shape and pitch of the crests and troughs of the metal roll and the distance between the two metal rolls and the rotational speed, the separation ratio between the vascular bundle and the parenchyma and the parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle are thereby controlled. The ratio of can be adjusted.

Further, according to the above configuration, in the method of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchymal cells, the pulverization operation using a pulverization apparatus, and the pulverized product after the pulverization operation is separated into vascular bundles and parenchymal cells using a sieve. It may be combined with the sieving operation to be separated. By changing the aperture of the porous sieve provided at the discharge port of the crushing device and the aperture of the sieving device used for the sieving operation, the axial diameter and the axial length of the separated vascular bundle, and The ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle can be changed.

Further, according to the above configuration, the aperture of the porous sieve provided at the discharge port of the pulverizer may be 5 to 20 mm. This makes it possible to adjust the separation ratio between the vascular bundle and parenchyma and the ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle.

Further, according to the above configuration, when separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, the palm material may be cut and then separated after drying to a moisture content of 15% by mass or less, or You may make it isolate | separate, without drying a palm material after felling. In this way, by appropriately changing the moisture content of the coconut material before separation, the separation ratio between the vascular bundle and the parenchyma cells and the ratio of the parenchyma cells remaining in the vascular bundle can be adjusted. A wider use of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells can be achieved.

Also, according to the above configuration, the separated vascular bundle can be molded after being provided with a resin material and used as a structural material of a wood-based material. Further, the structural material of the wood-based material may be oriented in the direction of two or more axes where the vascular bundles intersect each other, or the vascular bundle cut into a predetermined length may be configured to be non-oriented. Also good.

Further, according to the above configuration, the woody material may have an air dry density value after molding in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 (g / cm ³ ). This improves the physical properties of the wood-based material, and can provide a wood-based material that can be used in a wide range of applications that can replace conventional hard wood.

Further, according to the above configuration, the method for producing a wood-based material includes a separation step of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchymal cells, an applying step of applying a resin material to the vascular bundle, and a vascular bundle using the resin material. And a joining step for joining. In the applying step, a phenol resin may be used as the resin material, and the vascular bundle may be impregnated with an aqueous phenol resin solution having a concentration of 2 to 50% by mass. Next, in the bonding step, the vascular bundle impregnated with the aqueous phenol resin solution may be dried and then molded with a high-pressure press at a temperature of 140 to 220 ° C. As a result, the physical properties of the wood-based material can be improved, and a method for producing a wood-based material that can exhibit the above effects more specifically can be provided.

From the above, according to the present invention, palm material such as oil palm material that has been left without being used so far is efficiently separated into vascular bundles and parenchymal cells, and the vascular bundles and parenchymal cells are separated. It is possible to provide a method of using palm materials that are used effectively. In addition, according to the present invention, a wood-based material having a physical property similar to or higher than that of conventional wood using separated vascular bundles and practically usable for uses such as building materials and a method for producing the same are provided. can do.

It is a flowchart of the usage method which made oil palm material the example. It is an electron micrograph which shows the vascular bundle and parenchyma of an oil palm trunk material. It is a photograph which shows the Zephyrization apparatus used in 1st Embodiment. It is a photograph which shows the state which the groove | channel of the two metal rolls engaged in the mutual peak part and trough part in the Zephyrization apparatus of FIG. It is a photograph which shows the state which inserts the veneer prepared from the oil palm trunk into the zephyrization apparatus. It is a photograph which shows the state from which a vascular bundle and parenchyma are separated from a Zephyrization apparatus. It is a photograph which shows the vascular bundle isolate | separated with the Zephyrization apparatus. It is a photograph which shows the parenchyma cell isolate | separated with the Zephyrization apparatus. It is the electron micrograph which expanded the surface of the vascular bundle isolate | separated with the Zephyrization apparatus. It is the electron micrograph which expanded further the surface of the vascular bundle of FIG. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the mat | matte of 3 layers before lamination molding in 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic which shows the structure of the mat | matte of 5 layers before lamination molding in 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the compaction apparatus used in 3rd Embodiment. It is process drawing which shows the outline | summary of the process of compacting a wood type material in 3rd Embodiment. It is a photograph which shows the oil palm veneer used in 5th Embodiment, a hammer crusher, and a ground material. It is a photograph which shows the ground material which grind | pulverized the oil palm trunk material of the air-dried state in each condition on 5th Embodiment. It is a photograph which shows the pulverized material which grind | pulverized the oil palm trunk material of the saturated state in each condition in 5th Embodiment. It is a photograph which shows the state which sieved the ground material after grinding | pulverization in the 5th Embodiment into the vascular bundle part and the parenchyma part.

In the present invention, the term “coconut palm” refers to all plants belonging to the monocotyledonous palm family, as described above. In the present invention, coconut palm and oil palm (oil palm), which are widely cultivated as resource plants in the tropical region, are particularly important from the viewpoint of use on a large scale as industrial materials and resources for agriculture, forestry and fisheries. In the present invention, the present invention will be described below using oil palm as an example.

Oil palm is also called oil palm (oil palm) and is a general term for monocotyledonous plants categorized in the genus Palmia, which is native to West Africa. It is a major crop mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia for the purpose of collecting oils and fats. Grown on a scale. An adult tree consists of a single trunk and reaches a height of 20m. The leaves are wing-shaped and about 3 to 5 meters long, 20 to 30 new leaves grow every year.

Also, as mentioned above, oil palm has been replanted every 25 years after the end of its economic life due to a decrease in fruit yield 25 to 30 years after planting. Oil palm cultivation uses only the pulp and seeds for the purpose of collecting oils and fats, so the trunk is not used effectively so far, but is discarded as industrial waste or left in the oil palm plantation. Yes.

In the cross section of the oil palm trunk material, there are visible vascular bundles with a diameter of about 0.4 to 1.2 mm and soft cells that store starch and the like around them. The vascular bundle is long and parallel to the length direction of the trunk. These cell walls are formed of resin components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch are contained in the trunk material. (Non-Patent Document 1).

Hereinafter, a method for using a palm material according to the present invention will be described in each embodiment using an oil palm material as an example. First, in the first to fifth embodiments, a wood-based material that is one of methods for using a vascular bundle separated from an oil palm material and a manufacturing method thereof will be described. Next, in 6th Embodiment, the feed for livestock which is one of the utilization methods of the soft cell isolate | separated from the oil palm material is demonstrated. Moreover, in 7th Embodiment, the bioethanol raw material which is one of the utilization methods of the parenchyma isolate | separated from the oil palm material is demonstrated.

In addition, this invention is not limited only to each embodiment shown below. Moreover, in each embodiment, oil palm trunk material is mainly used as a palm material, but is not limited to this, a portion of oil palm bark, stems and leaves, or other palm material tree trunks, bark, You may make it utilize parts, such as a foliage.

First embodiment:
In the first embodiment, an oil palm trunk material is separated and its vascular bundle is used as a constituent element of a wood-based material. Moreover, this 1st Embodiment manufactures the laminated board which fixed the separated vascular bundle as a woody material which concerns on this invention. The manufacturing method will be described below. The manufacturing method of the laminated board which concerns on this 1st Embodiment consists of a isolation | separation process, a provision process, and a joint process. Hereinafter, it demonstrates according to each process.

1. Separation process The separation process according to the first embodiment separates the oil palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a utilization method taking oil palm material considered by the present inventors as an example. In FIG. 1, first, vascular bundles and parenchyma cells are pulverized using means (hereinafter also referred to as “separation means”) such as pulverization (including crushing in the present invention), squeezing, explosion, water flow high-pressure jetting, etc. To separate.

Therefore, the present inventors observed a cross section of the oil palm trunk material. FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph showing the vascular bundle and parenchyma of the oil palm trunk material. In FIG. 2, the vascular bundle (indicated as vascular sheath) and the parenchymal cells (indicated as soft tissue) surrounding the vascular bundle can be clearly distinguished. In addition, since the structural strengths of these tissues are different, the tissue bundle can be easily separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. Although parenchymal cells adhere to the outer portion of the vascular bundle, the ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the separated vascular bundle can be adjusted by controlling the type of separation means and the operation process.

The apparatus of separation means for separating the oil palm trunk material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells is not particularly limited. For example, as a crusher (including a crusher), various types of mills such as a hammer mill, a spiral mill, a vibration ball mill, a vibration rod mill, a wheelie mill, a crusher such as a hammer crusher, a chipper, and a shredder can be used. In addition, examples of the squeezing device include a zephyrizing device. An apparatus such as steam explosion can also be used. Furthermore, an apparatus that injects the dispersed fluid at a high pressure of 100 to 250 MPa can be used.

By adjusting the processing conditions when using these devices, for example, output, number of times, time, roll interval, etc., as described above, the separation ratio between the vascular bundle and the parenchyma, the size of the processed material, and The ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle can be adjusted. According to Patent Document 2, it is said that about 50 to 60% by mass of the wood part of the oil palm trunk material is parenchyma. However, if the treatment conditions are weakened, they are separated into vascular bundles in which many parenchymal cells remain and detached parenchymal cells. On the contrary, if the treatment conditions are strengthened, the vascular bundle from which parenchymal cells are almost detached is separated into a mixture of detached parenchymal cells and broken vascular bundles.

In addition, when separating the oil palm trunk material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, the vascular bundles are separated depending on whether they are separated in an air-dried state (dried state having a water content of 15% by mass) or in a raw material state. The separation ratio with parenchymal cells, the size of the treated product, and the ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle can be adjusted. In addition, when processing the oil palm trunk material felled in the oil palm plantation on the spot, it is preferable to isolate | separate in a raw material state. In any case, what is necessary is just to set suitably the kind of apparatus, process conditions, and the moisture content of an oil palm trunk material by the use of each isolate | separated material.

In the first embodiment, a zephyrizing apparatus, which is a type of squeezing apparatus, is used as the separating means. Zephyrization apparatuses are conventionally used when producing bamboo zephyrs, zephyr boards, and the like. However, no zephyrizing apparatus has been used for the treatment of oil palm trunks, and there is no fact that its use has been proposed. Also, it has never been used to separate wood tissue. The inventors of the present invention have studied the structure and operation of the zephyrizing apparatus, and have determined that the use of the zefferizing apparatus is appropriate as a means for separating a long vascular bundle without excessively cutting. The reason will be described below.

Zephyrization device basically has the following structure. First, two cylindrical metal rolls are used. Note that two pairs may be used as a pair, and a plurality of pairs may be used continuously. Each metal roll has a plurality of grooves provided on its surface in parallel along the circumferential direction. This groove is formed in a concavo-convex shape composed of a crest and a trough. In the present invention, unlike a normal zephyrizing apparatus, a V-shaped or other groove structure may be adopted in accordance with the use of the separated vascular bundle. Further, in addition to the V-shaped, uneven, and other groove structures, the distance between the two metal rolls and the distance (pitch) between the grooves may be adjusted.

Such a pair of metal rolls rotate in the opposite direction with their crests and troughs engaged with each other with the cylinder axis directions parallel to each other. The plate piece prepared from the oil palm trunk material is inserted into the occlusal part of the two metal rolls rotating in this manner. Here, the state of the vascular bundle in the oil palm plate piece will be described. As described above, the vascular bundle is long and parallel to the length direction of the trunk of the oil palm. Therefore, if a plate material in the length direction of the trunk is prepared from the oil palm trunk material, a grid-like plate material in which vascular bundles are arranged in parallel can be obtained. In this 1st Embodiment, when adjusting a board | plate material from an oil palm trunk material, what was made into the single board with the rotary race etc. was used. In this single plate, vascular bundles are arranged in parallel.

The state of the obtained vascular bundle differs by changing the direction in which the single plate is inserted into the occlusal part of the two rotating metal rolls. For example, when the length direction of the vascular bundle is inserted in parallel with the groove of the metal roll, the vascular bundle can be separated in an elongated state without being excessively cut. On the other hand, when the length direction of the vascular bundle is inserted in a direction perpendicular to the groove of the metal roll, the vascular bundle can be separated in a short cut state.

Here, in the first embodiment, an operation of separating the oil palm trunk material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells using a conventional Zephyr apparatus will be described. FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the zephyrization apparatus used in the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a state in which the grooves (uneven shape in the first embodiment) of the two metal rolls of the Zephyrization apparatus are engaged with each other at the crest and trough. In addition, the used Zephyr apparatus is equipped with two pairs as a pair, and a plurality of pairs (5 pairs of used apparatuses) of metal rolls.

In the first embodiment, a veneer was prepared from an oil palm trunk using a rotary race and dried. Accordingly, the vascular bundles are included in the single plate in a state of being arranged in parallel. FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a state in which a veneer adjusted from an oil palm trunk is inserted into a zephyrizing apparatus. In the first embodiment, a single plate is inserted with the length direction of the vascular bundle parallel to the groove of the metal roll.

FIG. 6 is a photograph showing a state in which vascular bundles and parenchyma cells are separated from the Zephyrization apparatus. FIG. 7 is a photograph showing the vascular bundle separated by the Zephyrization apparatus. In FIG. 7, it can be seen that the obtained vascular bundle is separated in a long state without being excessively cut. FIG. 8 is a photograph showing parenchyma cells separated by the Zephyrization apparatus. In FIG. 8, it can be seen that the obtained parenchymal cells are separated in a fine powder state without mixing the chopped vascular bundle pieces.

Note that the conventional Zephyrization apparatus is not intended to separate vascular bundles and parenchymal cells as in the present invention. In the first embodiment, 26.2 kg (77.1%) of vascular bundles and 3.1 kg (9.1%) of parenchymal cells were recovered from a single plate of about 34 kg of oil palm tree trunk. The overall recovery rate was 86.1%. The reason why the recovery rate is low in this way is thought to be that when the conventional Zephyrization apparatus is used, the separated parenchymal cells scatter and cannot be efficiently recovered.

Therefore, in the Zephyrization apparatus used in the present invention, or a similar apparatus, a dust collector capable of efficiently recovering the separated parenchyma cells may be used. The method and type of the dust collector used in the present invention are not particularly limited. For example, a centrifugal dust collector such as a cyclone or a filtration dust collector such as a bag filter can be used.

Next, the state of the vascular bundle separated by the Zephyrization apparatus was observed. FIG. 9 is an electron micrograph showing an enlarged surface of the vascular bundle separated by the Zephyrization apparatus. FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph further enlarging the surface of the vascular bundle. 9 and 10, it can be seen that the surface of the vascular bundle has no large scratches, and the vascular bundle is not damaged in the processing of the zephyrizing apparatus, and is effective as a structural material. Moreover, it turns out that what is considered to be a crystal | crystallization of silica has adhered to the outer periphery of a vascular bundle.

Here, the vascular bundle of oil palm material and the constituents of parenchyma will be compared. Table 1 is a table showing the ratio of vascular bundles and parenchyma components of oil palm materials published in known literature (H. Abe, et.al. BioResources, 8 (2), 1573-1581 (2013)). It is. In addition, the actual ratio of the constituent components of the vascular bundle and parenchyma cells separated in the first embodiment has not been analyzed.

In Table 1, it can be seen that the ratio of α-cellulose and starch are greatly different between vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. Moreover, the ratio (about 25%) of the starch of the oil palm trunk material published by the said nonpatent literature 1 is a little different. All of them are publicly-known literature materials, but influences such as individual differences, regional differences, and seasonal variations are possible.

In any case, it can be seen that it is effective to use a vascular bundle having a high α cellulose ratio as a structural material of a wood-based material. Moreover, it turns out that it is effective to use a parenchyma cell with a high ratio of starch as a feed for livestock, a raw material of bioethanol, or a fungus bed of mushroom cultivation.

On the other hand, the physical properties of the vascular bundle of the oil palm material obtained in the first embodiment were confirmed. First, the density of vascular bundles of oil palm material is 0.62 g / cm ³ according to known literature (Nor Hafizab Ab Wahab, et.al. Journal of Adhesion, 90 (3), 210-229 (2014)). It is said that. On the other hand, the apparent density of the vascular bundle separated in the first embodiment was measured by immersion in petroleum ether using Archimedes' principle and found to be 0.7 to 0.8 g / cm ^{3 as} an actual measurement value. there were.

Next, the tensile strength of the vascular bundle separated in the first embodiment was measured. The measurement was performed with a precision universal testing machine Autograph (registered trademark; manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at a load speed of 3.0 mm / min. In calculating the tensile strength, the diameter of the fractured part was measured from two directions on the assumption that the vascular bundle was a cylinder, and the average value was used for calculation. The tensile strength of the vascular bundle separated in the first embodiment was 146.8 MPa in actual measurement. This value is based on known literature (Wood Research, No. 30, P.32-39 (1994)) compared with jute: 550 MPa, hardwood: 130 MPa, conifer: 140 MPa, bamboo: 300 MPa, Lint: 480 MPa, polyester: 520 MPa. Even so, it is very good strength. Therefore, it can be seen that it is effective to use a vascular bundle having a high tensile strength as a structural material of a wood-based material.

Next, production of a laminate using the vascular bundle obtained in the separation step and using it as a structural material will be described. In this 1st Embodiment, the separated long vascular bundle was used as it was long, and the laminated board which orientated these in two orthogonal directions was manufactured.

2. Application Process First, an application process of the resin material to the vascular bundle will be described. The laminated plate according to the first embodiment is obtained by impregnating a separated vascular bundle with a resin material and joining the vascular bundles together. The resin material referred to in the present invention is a material for bonding and binding vascular bundles, a material for filling and bonding between vascular bundles, or a vascular bundle that partially penetrates into the vascular bundle. It is a broad concept including materials that react with cellulose and other substances to bind them, and any material that finally forms a state in which vascular bundles are bound together. Therefore, any of a polymer, a prepolymer, an oligomer, and a monomer may be used at the stage of applying to the vascular bundle in the applying process.

Specifically, examples of the polymer or prepolymer include synthetic resins such as phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, furan resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, and natural resin such as shellac. Moreover, in the case of a phenol resin or a melamine resin, it may be an oligomer or a monomer or dimer having a smaller molecular weight. Furthermore, a polyfunctional crosslinking agent that reacts with cellulose or the like may be used. As a crosslinking agent, polyfunctional isocyanate, polyfunctional epoxy, polyfunctional aldehyde, polyfunctional carboxylic acid, etc. may be sufficient, for example.

In the first embodiment, a phenol resin is used. As the phenol resin impregnated in the vascular bundle, it is preferable to use a resol type phenol resin. These phenol resins may be either low molecular weight phenol resins having a number average molecular weight of about 400 or less (filling type resin) or oligomer type phenol resins having a higher molecular weight (adhesive type resin). The phenol resin may be used alone or in combination with a catalyst or the like. In the first embodiment, a low molecular weight phenol resin (filled resin) having a number average molecular weight: Mn = 272 and a weight average molecular weight: Mw = 408 was used.

In the impregnation of the vascular bundle with the phenol resin, first, the phenol resin is dissolved in water, and the phenol resin having a concentration of 2 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass, still more preferably 20 to 30% by mass. Prepare an aqueous solution. If the concentration of the aqueous phenol resin solution is less than 2% by mass, it is considered that the amount of impregnation into the vascular bundle is insufficient and the physical properties of the laminate are lowered. On the other hand, when the concentration of the aqueous phenol resin solution exceeds 50% by mass, it is considered that the laminated plate becomes brittle and the manufacturing cost increases.

Next, the vascular bundle is immersed in the prepared aqueous phenol resin solution at room temperature for 0.2 to 24 hours to impregnate the vascular bundle with the phenol resin. At this time, if necessary, an impregnation method such as decompression or pressurization may be employed. In the first embodiment, the film was immersed for 0.5 hours at room temperature and normal pressure. The impregnation rate at this time was 134.6%. Next, the vascular bundle impregnated with the aqueous phenol resin solution is air-dried and then dried at about 50 ° C. to 105 ° C. for about 10 minutes to 12 hours. In the first embodiment, the vascular bundle impregnated with the aqueous phenol resin solution was air-dried for about 12 hours and then dried at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. The resin solid content of the resin-containing vascular bundle obtained by this operation was about 30% by mass.

Next, a three-layer mat in which the vascular bundle impregnated with these phenol resins and dried was oriented in the longitudinal direction was produced. The mat is a term used in a particle board or the like, and refers to each layer in which fibers and particles (a vascular bundle in the first embodiment) before being pressed are scattered and deposited. FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a three-layer mat before lamination molding. Each of the mats W1 to W3 is formed in a state in which the vascular bundles constituting the respective mats are oriented in the longitudinal direction. Further, each of the mats W1 to W3 is configured by alternately orienting the orientation directions. In FIG. 11, the mats W1 and W3 have their vascular bundles oriented in the same direction (upper right direction in the figure), and the mat W2 is disposed in a direction (lateral direction in the figure) perpendicular to them. As a result, the physical properties of the laminate obtained by laminating them are improved, and the physical properties are further improved because the used vascular bundle is long.

3. Joining Step Next, a joining step for joining the oriented vascular bundles used for the mats W1 to W3 and joining the mats W1 to W3 to each other will be described. In the first embodiment, basically, consolidation is not performed in the joining step, and the filling density of each vascular bundle is improved. Therefore, the target density of the laminated sheet after molding was set to match the measured density of the vascular bundle described above.

First, the prepared mats W1 to W3 are configured as shown in FIG. 11 to prepare a laminate before bonding. The laminated plate is set in a hot press and heated by the upper and lower hot plates, and the heated laminated plate is compressed by applying a predetermined pressing pressure to the upper and lower hot plates from the thickness direction. Further, while maintaining the pressing pressure, the temperature is further raised and maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is lowered to complete the fixation.

As the immobilization conditions, the predetermined temperature is generally in the temperature range of 140 to 220 ° C., preferably in the temperature range of 160 to 200 ° C., although it depends on the type of resin material used. In addition, the time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the object to be immobilized, and is, for example, in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes, and preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 60 minutes. . On the other hand, the pressing pressure applied from the thickness direction is appropriately selected depending on the object to be fixed, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 MPa, for example. In the first embodiment, the laminated plate (thickness before pressing: about 10 cm) on which the mats W1 to W3 are stacked is treated at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 1.5 MPa for 15 minutes. Then, a laminated plate having a thickness of about 12 mm was fixed.

The value of the air dry density after fixation of the laminate thus obtained is equal to or slightly lower than the above-mentioned measured density of the vascular bundle (0.7 to 0.8 g / cm ³ ), 0.55 to It was 0.71 g / cm ³ . In the first embodiment, molding is performed with a pressing pressure of 1.5 MPa. However, the value of the air dry density after molding is changed by changing the degree of the pressing pressure or by further compacting. Is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ . If the value of the air-dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , physical properties such as rigidity (bending Young's modulus) of the fixed laminated plate will be good.

Here, the property values of the fixed laminated plate were confirmed. The physical property test items performed in the first embodiment are items of a bending test, a water absorption thickness expansion rate test, a wood screw holding force test, and a surface hardness (Brinell hardness) test. Each test method and result will be described below.

<Bending test>
The bending test was performed according to JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board). Moreover, in this 1st Embodiment, in addition to the measurement by a normal test piece, both the measurement (Method B) of the measurement by the test piece at the time of 2 hours after boiling were performed. In addition, since the laminated board of this 1st Embodiment consists of three layers, it measured with the test piece of only the vertical direction. Here, the longitudinal direction of the test piece indicates a test piece in which the length direction is matched with the direction in which the vascular bundle is oriented in the two-layer mats of the mats W1 and W3 in FIG.

For the measurement, first, a test piece having a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 230 mm was prepared. Next, the average load speed was measured at 10 mm / min by a three-point load method. The measurement items were the bending strength (MPa), bending Young's modulus (GPa), and bending work (J). Table 2 shows the measurement results regarding the fixed laminated plate according to the first embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 2 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

According to the above JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board) standard, the bending strength is 17.5 MPa or more (10.5 MPa or more when wet), the bending Young's modulus is 3.0 GPa or more, and the results in Table 2 are as follows. All were good.

<Water absorption thickness expansion test>
The water absorption thickness expansion coefficient test was performed according to JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board). First, a test piece having a width of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm was prepared, and the thickness and weight of the central portion were measured. Next, the test piece was placed horizontally in water at 20 ° C. 30 mm below the surface of the water and immersed for 24 hours. Then, the thickness and weight of the center part of the test piece were measured, and the water absorption thickness expansion coefficient and the water absorption coefficient were calculated. In addition, the dimensional change of the width | variety and length of a test piece was also measured as a reference value. Furthermore, it replaced with 20 degreeC 24 hours immersion, and measured similarly about boiling 2 hours immersion. Table 3 shows the measurement results regarding the fixed laminated plate according to the first embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 3 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

According to the above-mentioned JIS A 5908: 2008 (Particle Board) standard, the water absorption thickness expansion coefficient of a sample with a thickness of 12.7 mm or less is 25% or less, and the results in Table 3 greatly exceed this standard. It was a thing.

<Wood screw retention test>
The wood screw holding force test was performed according to JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board). First, a test piece having a width of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm was prepared, and a wood screw having a diameter of 2.7 mm and a length of 16 mm was screwed vertically to the screw portion (about 11 mm) at the center. Next, the specimen was fixed, the wood screw was pulled out vertically, and the maximum load required for the specimen was measured with a precision universal testing machine Autograph (registered trademark; manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Table 4 shows the measurement results regarding the fixed laminated plate according to the first embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 4 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

According to the above-mentioned JIS A 5908: 2008 (Particle Board) standard, the wood screw holding force is 500 N or more, but the results in Table 4 almost maintained this level.

<Surface hardness (Brinell hardness) test>
The surface hardness (Brinell hardness) test was performed according to JIS Z 2101: 2009 (wood testing method). First, when a hemispherical plunger with a radius of 5 mm is pressed into the surface of the test piece at a constant speed of 0.5 mm / min to a depth of 1 / π (about 0.32 mm), and that depth is reached. The load of was measured. Next, the measured load is divided by 10 (because the surface area of the press-fit surface is 10 mm ² ) to obtain Brinell hardness. Table 5 shows the measurement results regarding the fixed laminated plate according to the first embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 5 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

In this test method, when the surface hardness of the test piece is 10 MPa or more, it is considered that it is possible to provide a laminate having excellent physical properties and being hardly scratched. The result of Table 4 shows a value close to this level and close to 15 MPa, and it is considered that the use is further expanded.

From the above, according to the first embodiment, the palm material such as oil palm material that has been left without being used so far is efficiently separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, and the separated vascular bundles are separated. It is possible to provide a wood-based material having a physical property similar to or higher than that of conventional wood and practically usable for applications such as building materials, and a method for producing the same.

Second embodiment:
In this 2nd Embodiment, the laminated board which fixed the separated vascular bundle as a wood type material which concerns on this invention is manufactured similarly to the said 1st Embodiment. The manufacturing method will be described. The manufacturing method of the laminated board which concerns on this 2nd Embodiment consists of a isolation | separation process, a provision process, and a joint process similarly to the said 1st Embodiment. Hereinafter, it demonstrates according to each process.

1. Separation process Also in the second embodiment, a zephyrizing apparatus was used as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the single board by the rotary race similar to the said 1st Embodiment was used as a board piece of the oil palm thrown into a zephyrization apparatus.

Next, production of a laminate using the vascular bundle obtained in the separation step and using it as a structural material will be described. In the present second embodiment, a long vascular bundle separated in the same manner as in the first embodiment is used as it is, and a consolidated laminate is produced in which these are oriented in two orthogonal directions.

2. Application Step In the second embodiment, the resin material applied to the vascular bundle in the application step is changed with respect to the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, polyfunctional isocyanate which is a crosslinking agent that reacts with cellulose or the like is used as the resin material. Specifically, bifunctional diphenylmethane diisocyanate (hereinafter referred to as “MDI”) was used. In the second embodiment, 10% by mass of MDI was applied to the vascular bundle and allowed to stand for about 2 hours in an air-dried state. Next, a three-layer mat in which the vascular bundle provided with MDI was oriented in the longitudinal direction was produced in the same manner as in the first embodiment (see FIG. 11).

3. Bonding Step In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the packing density is basically not performed in the bonding step, and the filling density of each vascular bundle is improved. Therefore, the target density of the laminated sheet after molding was set to match the measured density of the vascular bundle described above.

In the second embodiment, the conditions corresponding to the first embodiment are adopted as the immobilization conditions. Specifically, also in the second embodiment, at a temperature of 180 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 1.5 MPa with respect to a laminated plate (thickness before pressing: about 10 cm) on which the mats W1 to W3 are stacked. A laminated plate having a thickness of about 12 mm was fixed by treating for 15 minutes.

The value of the air dry density after fixation of the laminate thus obtained is equal to or slightly lower than the above-mentioned measured density (0.7 to 0.8 g / cm ³ ) of the vascular bundle, 0.63 to It was 0.72 g / cm ³ . In the second embodiment, molding was performed with a pressing pressure of 1.5 MPa. However, the value of the air dry density after molding was changed by changing the degree of the pressing pressure or by further compacting. Is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ . If the value of the air-dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , physical properties such as rigidity (bending Young's modulus) of the fixed laminated plate will be good.

Here, the property values of the fixed laminated plate were confirmed. The physical property test items performed in the second embodiment are items of a bending test and a water absorption thickness expansion coefficient test. Each test method and result will be described below.

<Bending test>
In the second embodiment, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, in accordance with JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board), in addition to the measurement with a normal test piece, the test piece when wet after 2 hours of boiling. Both measurements were performed in (Method B). In addition, since the laminated board of this 2nd Embodiment consists of three layers, it measured with the test piece of only the vertical direction. Here, the longitudinal direction of the test piece indicates a test piece in which the length direction is matched with the direction in which the vascular bundle is oriented in the two-layer mats of the mats W1 and W3 in FIG.

For the measurement, first, a test piece having a thickness of 12 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a length of 230 mm was prepared in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Next, the average load speed was measured at 10 mm / min by a three-point load method. The measurement items were the bending strength (MPa), bending Young's modulus (GPa), and bending work (J). Table 6 shows the measurement results relating to the fixed laminated plate according to the second embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 6 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

According to the above-mentioned standard of JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board), the bending strength is 17.5 MPa or more (10.5 MPa or more when wet), the bending Young's modulus is 3.0 GPa or more. All were good.

<Water absorption thickness expansion test>
In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it was performed according to JIS A 5908: 2008 (particle board). First, a test piece having a width of 50 mm and a length of 50 mm was prepared, and the thickness and weight of the central portion were measured. Next, the test piece was placed horizontally in water at 20 ° C. 30 mm below the surface of the water and immersed for 24 hours. Then, the thickness and weight of the center part of the test piece were measured, and the water absorption thickness expansion coefficient and the water absorption coefficient were calculated. In addition, the dimensional change of the width | variety and length of a test piece was also measured as a reference value. Furthermore, it replaced with 20 degreeC 24 hours immersion, and measured similarly about boiling 2 hours immersion. Table 7 shows the measurement results regarding the fixed laminated plate according to the second embodiment. In addition, the density of Table 7 means the density of the air-dried state of the produced test piece (before measurement).

According to the above-mentioned JIS A 5908: 2008 (Particle Board) standard, the water absorption thickness expansion coefficient of a sample having a thickness of 12.7 mm or less is 25% or less, and the results in Table 7 greatly exceed this standard. It was a thing.

From the above, according to the second embodiment, the palm material such as oil palm material that has been left without being used so far is efficiently separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. It is possible to provide a wood-based material having a physical property similar to or higher than that of conventional wood and practically usable for applications such as building materials, and a method for producing the same.

Third embodiment:
In the third embodiment, as a wood-based material according to the present invention, a consolidated laminate in which separated vascular bundles are consolidated and fixed is manufactured. The manufacturing method will be described below. The manufacturing method of the consolidated laminated board which concerns on this 3rd Embodiment consists of a isolation | separation process, an application | coating process, and a joint process similarly to the said 1st Embodiment. Hereinafter, it demonstrates according to each process.

1. Separation process Also in the third embodiment, a zephyrizing apparatus was used as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the single board by the rotary race similar to the said 1st Embodiment was used as a board piece of the oil palm thrown into a zephyrization apparatus.

Next, production of a consolidated laminate using the vascular bundle obtained in the separation step and using this as a structural material will be described. In the third embodiment, the separated long vascular bundle is used as it is, and a consolidated laminate is produced in which these are oriented in two orthogonal directions.

2. Application Step Also in the third embodiment, a low molecular weight phenol resin (filling resin) having a number average molecular weight of 400 or less was used as the resin material impregnated in the vascular bundle as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the application method and the application amount of the phenol resin to the vascular bundle were also the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, details are omitted here.

Next, a five-layer mat in which the vascular bundles impregnated with these phenol resins and dried was oriented in the longitudinal direction was produced. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a five-layer mat before lamination molding. Each of the mats W11 to W15 is formed in a state where the vascular bundles constituting the respective mats are oriented in the longitudinal direction. Further, each of the mats W11 to W15 is configured with the orientation directions alternately orthogonal to each other. In FIG. 12, mats W11, W13, and W15 have their vascular bundles oriented in the same direction (upper right direction in the figure), and orthogonal to this, the mats W12 and W14 have their vascular bundles in the same direction (lateral direction in the figure). Oriented. This improves the physical properties of the consolidated laminate obtained by laminating these, and further improves the physical properties due to the long vascular bundle being used.

3. Bonding Step Next, a bonding step for bonding the vascular bundles used in the mats W11 to W15 and bonding the mats W11 to W15 to each other will be described. In the third embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, the bonding step performs fixing by consolidation.

Here, consolidation of the wood-based material (consolidation fixation) will be described. The present inventors have so far examined the consolidation and fixing of wood and the plastic processing of wood. From this background, a plurality of patents such as a method for fixing and compacting wood (Japanese Patent No. 4787432) and plastic working wood (Japanese Patent No. 5138080) have been established. Therefore, the present inventors have developed a consolidated wood-based material using the separated vascular bundle as a structural material by utilizing these technical knowledge and apparatus.

First, the mats W11 to W15 composed of vascular bundles impregnated with an aqueous phenol resin solution in the application step are laminated and dried at a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 105 ° C. for about 10 minutes to 12 hours. Thus, the laminated board before consolidation is prepared.

Next, the pre-consolidated laminated board prepared as described above is heated, and the pre-consolidated laminated board is compressed by applying a predetermined pressing pressure from the thickness direction. Further, while maintaining the pressing pressure, the temperature is further raised and maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is decreased to cool down to complete the consolidation.

Note that, as the consolidation and fixing condition in the third embodiment, first, the predetermined temperature is in a temperature range of 140 to 220 ° C., and preferably in a temperature range of 160 to 200 ° C. The time for maintaining this temperature range is appropriately selected depending on the object to be consolidated and fixed, and is, for example, in the range of 10 minutes to 120 minutes, preferably in the range of 20 minutes to 60 minutes. is there. On the other hand, the pressing pressure applied from the thickness direction is appropriately selected according to the object to be consolidated and fixed, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 10 MPa, for example.

Here, the compacting device MC for compacting the wood-based material in the third embodiment will be described. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an outline of a consolidation apparatus MC used in the third embodiment. In FIG. 13, the compacting device MC is composed of a press board 10 (upper press board 10A and lower press board 10B) that is divided into two in the vertical direction.

The upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are divided into upper and lower parts to form an internal space IS and a positioning hole 18. The positioning hole 18 determines and regulates the position of the laminated board PW1 before consolidation, and is formed in the lower press board 10B so that the peripheral edge part 10b faces the peripheral edge part 10a of the upper press board 10A. Yes. A seal member 11 for sealing the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 in the range of vertical movement of the press board 10 is formed on the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press board 10A.

Further, the upper press panel 10A is provided with a pipe 12 having a pipe port 12a that communicates with the internal space IS from the upper surface side and supplies steam into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. The pipe 12 is provided with a valve V4 on the downstream side thereof. On the other hand, the lower press panel 10 </ b> B is provided with a pipe 13 having a pipe port 13 a that communicates from the side surface into the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 and discharges water vapor from the internal space IS. The pipe 13 is provided with a pressure gauge P2 for detecting the internal vapor pressure, a downstream valve V5, and a drain pipe 14 connected to the valve V5.

The upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are formed with

piping paths

15 and 16 for raising the temperature to a predetermined temperature by passing high-temperature steam through them. The pipes ST2 and ST3 branched from the steam supply side pipe ST1 and the steam discharge side pipes ET1 and ET2 are respectively connected to. In the middle of these steam supply side pipes ST1, ST2, ST3, valves V1, V2, V3, and a pressure gauge P1 for detecting the vapor pressure in the pipe ST1 are arranged, and the steam discharge side pipes ET1, ET2 Is connected to the drain pipe 14 via a valve V6.

In addition, in FIG. 13, the boiler apparatus which supplies water vapor | steam to piping ST1, and the hydraulic mechanism for raising / lowering and pressurizing the upper press board 10A with respect to the lower press board 10B of the fixed side of the press board 10 are included. The press lifting device is omitted.

Further, the

pipes

15 and 16 formed in the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are branched from the cooling water supply side pipe ST11 which cools to a desired temperature by passing low temperature cooling water instead of water vapor. The pipes ST12 and ST13 are connected to the pipes ST2 and ST3, respectively. Further, valves V11, V12, and V13 are disposed in the middle of the pipes ST11, ST12, and ST13 on the cooling water supply side. In FIG. 13, a cooling water supply device that supplies cooling water to the pipe ST11 is omitted.

Next, a manufacturing process for manufacturing a consolidated compacted laminate PW2 using the compacting device MC configured as described above will be described along each process of FIG. First, in FIG. 14A, the upper press platen 10A is raised with respect to the lower press platen 10B on the fixed side in the compacting device MC, and the laminated plate PW1 before consolidation, which has been dried to a predetermined condition in advance, It is placed in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the press board 10A and the lower press board 10B.

Here, in the third embodiment, the laminated board PW1 before consolidation is formed to have predetermined dimensions (thickness, width, length), and the upper press panel 10A and the lower press are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces thereof. It faces each press surface of the board 10B, and is placed in the positioning hole 18 of the lower press board 10B.

Next, in FIG. 14B, the upper press board 10A is lowered with respect to the laminated board PW1 before consolidation placed on the positioning hole 18 of the fixed-side lower press board 10B, and the laminated board before consolidation. It is made to contact | abut perpendicularly with respect to the upper surface of PW1. In this state, water vapor of a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 ° C. to 180 ° C.) is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B to pass through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to a predetermined temperature (for example, 110 ° C. to 180 ° C.). In this state, the space constituted by the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, the pressing pressure of the upper press board 10A is set to a predetermined pressure (for example, 1 to 10 MPa) with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the laminated plate PW1 before consolidation is placed on the upper press board 10A and the lower press machine. The plate 10B is heated and compressed for a predetermined time (for example, 5 to 40 minutes). Note that the pressing pressure at this time depends on the temperature rise of the laminated board PW1 before consolidation, that is, the state of heat conduction (internal temperature rise) of the laminated board PW1 before consolidation, in order to prevent cracking. It is desirable to gradually raise the temperature, and it is preferable to set the time for heat compression in consideration of the time required for heat conduction. In this state, the space constituted by the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is not yet sealed.

Next, in FIG. 14C, when the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A comes into contact with the peripheral portion 10b of the lower press panel 10B, the seal member 11 disposed on the peripheral portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A The internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed. In this state, the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is maintained, and the pressing pressure by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B is maintained, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.). The temperature rises to

In the third embodiment, the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed when the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 formed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are sealed through the seal member 11. The dimension interval in the vertical direction is set to the finished dimension (compression ratio) in the thickness direction so that the air-dry density value after consolidation becomes a preset value. For this reason, the compression ratio of the entire thickness of the laminated plate PW1 before consolidation, that is, the change in the plate thickness due to compression of the laminated plate PW1 before consolidation is such that the peripheral edge portion 10a of the upper press panel 10A is lower than the lower press panel 10B. It is determined by contacting the peripheral edge 10b.

In this state, in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 shown in FIG. 14C, the pressing pressure of the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B is maintained, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are A consolidated laminate that is maintained at a predetermined temperature (for example, 150 to 210 ° C.) and is maintained for a predetermined time (for example, 30 to 120 minutes), and does not return (expand) when the subsequent cooling and compression is released. Heat treatment for forming PW2 is performed. At this time, high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pressure is generated between the surrounding surface of the laminated board PW1 before consolidation and the inside thereof through the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 which are sealed by the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B. Is freely accessible.

As described above, in the third embodiment, the upper press board 10A and the lower press board 10B are in surface contact with the front and back surfaces of the laminated board PW1 before consolidation, and the sealed internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are in contact with each other. Since it is held, the entire thickness of the laminated plate PW1 before being consolidated is sufficiently heated and is efficiently compressed and deformed.

Next, in FIG. 14D, when the heat compression process is performed in the sealed state of the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18, the steam in the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 is measured by the pressure gauge P2 as a steam pressure control process. The pressure is detected, and the valve V5 is appropriately opened and closed. Thereby, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side through the pipe port 13a and the pipe 13, and in particular, the water content of the outer layer portion of the laminate PW1 before consolidation. Excess internal space IS based on the rate and moisture in the positioning hole 18 are removed, and the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18 are adjusted to have a predetermined vapor pressure.

Further, if necessary, a predetermined vapor pressure can be supplied to the internal space IS through the pipe 12 and the pipe port 12a (FIG. 13) connected to the valve V4. As a result, fixing of the heat-compression treatment of the consolidated laminate, that is, fixing of the so-called consolidated laminate is further promoted.

Further, immediately before the transition from the heating compression to the cooling compression by the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B, the valve V5 is opened as a vapor pressure control process, so that the internal space passes through the piping port 13a and the piping 13. High-temperature and high-pressure steam is discharged from the IS and positioning hole 18 to the drain pipe 14 side.

Next, in FIG. 14E, normal temperature cooling water is passed through the piping path 15 of the upper press panel 10A and the piping path 16 of the lower press panel 10B, so that the upper press panel 10A and the lower press panel 10B are It is cooled to the front and back and held for a predetermined time (for example, 10 minutes to 120 minutes) that varies depending on the material. At this time, the pressing pressure of the upper press board 10A with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side is maintained at the same predetermined pressure (for example, 1 to 10 MPa) as the pressure at the time of heat compression, and the upper press board 10A. And the lower press board 10B is cooled.

Finally, in FIG. 14F, the upper press board 10A is raised with respect to the lower press board 10B on the fixed side, and the consolidated laminate PW2 which is the finished product is taken out from the internal space IS and the positioning hole 18. A series of processing steps are completed.

The consolidated laminate PW2 manufactured as described above had an air-dry density value of approximately 1.0 g / cm ³ after consolidation. In the third embodiment, molding by compaction is performed. However, the value of the air-dry density after molding is 0.3 to 1... Without changing the degree of consolidation or without consolidation. It is preferable to be within the range of 5 g / cm ³ . If the value of the air dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , physical properties such as rigidity (bending Young's modulus) of the consolidated laminate PW2 will be good.

Fourth embodiment:
In this 4th Embodiment, the compact board which uses a non-oriented vascular bundle as a structural material as a wood type material which concerns on this invention is manufactured. The manufacturing method will be described below. The manufacturing method of the compaction plate according to the fourth embodiment includes a separation step, an applying step, and a joining step, as in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, each step will be described.

1. Separation process Also in the fourth embodiment, a zephyrizing apparatus was used as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the single board by the rotary race similar to the said 1st Embodiment was used as a board piece of the oil palm thrown into a zephyrization apparatus. In the fourth embodiment, the long vascular bundle obtained in the first embodiment is cut into a predetermined length to obtain a structural material. By using a long vascular bundle, the length of the structural material can be arbitrarily adjusted, and the physical properties of the structural material can be improved by combining vascular bundles having different lengths. In the fourth embodiment, the long vascular bundle obtained in the first embodiment is cut into a length of 5 mm to 8 mm and used.

2. Application Step Also in the fourth embodiment, a low molecular weight phenolic resin (filling type resin) having a number average molecular weight of 400 or less was used as the resin material impregnated in the vascular bundle as in the first embodiment. Moreover, the application method and the application amount of the phenol resin to the vascular bundle were also the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, details are omitted here.

Next, a structural material is produced from a vascular bundle impregnated with phenol resin. In the fourth embodiment, the structural material is formed not as a laminated plate but as a thick single-layer plate. In the plate-like body before molding, a short but uniform vascular bundle exists in a non-oriented manner.

3. Joining process Next, the vascular bundles of the prepared plate-like body before joining are joined. Also in the fourth embodiment, a consolidation device similar to that in the third embodiment (see FIGS. 13 and 14) was used. The structure and operation of the consolidation apparatus were performed in the same manner as in the third embodiment.

The compacted plate thus produced had an air dry density value of approximately 1.2 g / cm ³ after consolidation. In the fourth embodiment, molding by compaction is performed. However, the value of the air-dry density after molding is 0.3 to 1... Without changing the degree of consolidation or without consolidation. It is preferable to be within the range of 5 g / cm ³ . If the value of the air dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , physical properties such as rigidity (bending Young's modulus) of the consolidated laminate PW2 will be good.

Fifth embodiment:
In the fifth embodiment, as in the first to fourth embodiments, the oil palm trunk material is separated and the vascular bundle is used as a constituent element of the wood-based material. The manufacturing method of the laminated board which concerns on this 5th Embodiment consists of a separation process, a provision process, and a joint process. However, the fifth embodiment differs from the first to fourth embodiments in the separation means for separating the oil palm trunk material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells in the separation step. Hereinafter, it demonstrates according to each process.

1. Separation step In the fifth embodiment, a hammer crusher, which is a kind of pulverizer, is used as a separation means to pulverize and maintain oil palm trunk material in an air-dried state and a saturated state (assuming a raw material state). Separated into tube bundles and parenchyma cells. FIG. 15 is a photograph showing an oil palm veneer, a hammer crusher and a pulverized product used in the fifth embodiment. As the oil palm veneer before separation, 100 g of an air-dried veneer in which the oil palm trunk material was veneered by a rotary race was used. The separator used was a hammer crusher NH-50S (manufactured by Sansho Industry Co., Ltd.), 200 V, 3.7 kW, an outer cylinder inner diameter of 290 mm and a hammer rotation speed of 3,450 rpm. The pulverized product in FIG. 3 is a mixture of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, and has passed through a porous sieve (pore diameter 15 mm) attached to the pulverized product discharge port of the hammer crusher.

FIG. 16 is a photograph showing a pulverized product obtained by pulverizing an air-dried oil palm trunk material under various conditions in the fifth embodiment. On the other hand, FIG. 17 shows a pulverized product obtained by pulverizing, under each condition, a trunk material saturated with water by impregnating water in an oil-dried oil palm material, assuming a raw material state in the fifth embodiment. It is a photograph. FIGS. 16 and 17 show the state of the pulverized product when it is processed once to three times with a hammer crusher. Moreover, the state of the pulverized material when the porous sieve (pore diameter 15 mm or 7 mm) is attached to the pulverized material discharge port of the hammer crusher and when it is not attached is shown. It can be seen that the axial diameter and the axial length of the vascular bundle change under each condition.

Table 8 shows the yield of the pulverized product obtained by pulverizing the air-dried oil palm veneer under each condition, and the mass ratio between the vascular bundle and parenchyma cells. The pulverization count of 2 is a pulverized product (passed through a porous sieve) with a pulverization count of 1 and pulverized again with a hammer crusher. Similarly, the number of pulverizations of 3 means that the pulverized product of 2 pulverizations (passed through the porous sieve) is pulverized again with a hammer crusher.

As can be seen from Table 8, as the number of grinding increases, the mass ratio of the vascular bundle decreases and the mass ratio of the parenchyma cells increases. Moreover, if the pore diameter of the porous sieve is reduced, the mass ratio of parenchymal cells is increased. As described above, it is said that about 50 to 60% by mass of the wood part of the oil palm trunk material is parenchyma. Therefore, in the vascular bundle crushed in the fifth embodiment, considerable parenchymal cells are still retained and separated into vascular bundles in which many parenchymal cells remain and detached parenchymal cells. I understand that.

Next, the production of a compacted wood-based material using the vascular bundle from the pulverized material (mixture of vascular bundle and parenchyma cell) separated as described above and using this as a constituent element will be described. FIG. 18 is a photograph showing a state in which the pulverized product after pulverization is sieved into vascular bundles and parenchymal cells in the fifth embodiment. FIG. 18 shows vascular bundles and parenchymal cells after the pulverized product that has passed through a porous sieve having a pore diameter of 15 mm with a pulverization frequency of 1 is sieved with a sifter having a mesh opening of 750 μm. In the fifth embodiment, the vascular bundle shown in FIG. 18 is used.

2. Application Step Also in the fifth embodiment, a low molecular weight phenol resin (filling type resin) having a number average molecular weight of 400 or less is used as a resin material impregnated in the vascular bundle, as in the first, third to fifth embodiments. used. Moreover, the application method and the application amount of the phenol resin to the vascular bundle were also the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, details are omitted here.

Next, a structural material is produced from a vascular bundle impregnated with phenol resin. In the fifth embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, the structural material is molded not as a laminated plate but as a thick single-layer plate. In the plate-like body before molding, a short but uniform vascular bundle exists in a non-oriented manner.

3. Joining process Next, the vascular bundles of the prepared plate-like body before joining are joined. Also in the fifth embodiment, the same consolidation apparatus (see FIGS. 13 and 14) as in the third to fifth embodiments was used. The structure and operation of the consolidation apparatus were performed in the same manner as in the third embodiment.

The compacted plate thus produced had an air dry density value of approximately 1.0 g / cm ³ after consolidation. In the fifth embodiment, molding by compaction is performed. However, the value of the air-dry density after molding is 0.3 to 1... Without changing the degree of consolidation or without consolidation. It is preferable to be within the range of 5 g / cm ³ . If the value of the air dry density after molding is in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 g / cm ³ , physical properties such as rigidity (bending Young's modulus) of the consolidated laminate PW2 will be good.

Sixth embodiment:
In the sixth embodiment, the oil palm trunk material is separated and the parenchyma cells are used as livestock feed. As described above, oil palm trunk contains about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch. In addition, parenchyma cells are a part that stores starch and the like, and unlike vascular bundles mainly composed of lignocellulose, most of starch and free sugar contained in oil palm trunk material are contained in parenchyma cells. Conceivable.

In the sixth embodiment, these nutritious parenchyma cells are used as a livestock feed or a blend of livestock feed. In the sixth embodiment, parenchyma cells separated by the Zephyrization apparatus in the first embodiment are used. Separation with the Zephyrization apparatus, the parenchyma cells after the separation were less contaminated with vascular fragments and were suitable as livestock feed.

Also, the separation operation of the Zephyrization apparatus may be controlled to control the mixing ratio of the fiber that is a fragment of the vascular bundle according to the intended use. Furthermore, the parenchyma cells after sieving the pulverized material separated by the hammer crusher in the fourth embodiment with an arbitrary sieve sieve (for example, 750 μm) may be used.

The parenchyma cells separated from the oil palm stem material have high nutritional value and are highly evaluated by livestock experts. The parenchyma cells separated from the oil palm trunk can be used not only as they are, but also as silage material as fermented feed. Thus, the use method of the palm material which does not produce a new industrial waste by using the soft cell which is a residue except the vascular bundle used in the said 1st Embodiment as a livestock feed is provided. Can do.

Seventh embodiment:
In the seventh embodiment, an oil palm trunk material is separated and its parenchyma cells are used as a raw material for bioethanol. As described above, oil palm trunk contains about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch. In addition, parenchyma cells are a part that stores starch and the like, and unlike vascular bundles mainly composed of lignocellulose, most of starch and free sugar contained in oil palm trunk material are contained in parenchyma cells. Conceivable.

In the seventh embodiment, parenchymal cells containing a large amount of these monosaccharides and polysaccharides (starch and free sugar) can be used as bioethanol raw materials. In particular, the content ratio of cellulose that is difficult to saccharify is very low, and the content ratio of starch that is easily saccharified is very high. Therefore, parenchyma cells separated from oil palm trunk material can be used as a high-purity bioethanol raw material. In the seventh embodiment as well, the parenchyma cells separated by the Zephyrization apparatus in the first embodiment were used as in the sixth embodiment. In this case as well, parenchyma cells after sieving the pulverized material separated by the hammer crusher in the fourth embodiment with an arbitrary sieve sieve (for example, 750 μm) may be used.

As a method for producing ethanol from these monosaccharides and polysaccharides, a method using an existing enzyme can be employed. For example, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be used. This method uses amylase, which is a amylolytic enzyme, and is one of the methods suitable for parenchyma cells having a high starch content. Note that the method for producing ethanol from parenchyma cells is omitted here. Thus, providing the utilization method of the palm material which does not produce a new industrial waste by using the soft cell which is the residue except the vascular bundle used in the said 1st Embodiment as a bioethanol raw material. Can do.

Eighth embodiment:
In the eighth embodiment, the oil palm trunk material is separated and the parenchyma cells are used as a medium used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms.

In general, the fungus bed used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms is an artificial medium in which nutrient sources such as rice bran are mixed with woody base materials such as sawdust, widely used in oyster mushrooms, enokitake, maitake and other mushrooms It is possible to stabilize the yield and distribute it throughout the year.

As described above, the oil palm trunk material contains about 10% free sugar (mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose, etc.) and about 25% starch. In addition, parenchyma cells are a part for storing starch and the like, and most of starch and free sugar contained in oil palm trunk are considered to be contained in parenchyma cells.

In the present eighth embodiment, these nutritious parenchyma cells are used as a medium or a mixture of mediums used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms. In the eighth embodiment, parenchyma cells separated by the Zephyrization apparatus in the first embodiment are used. By separating with a Zephyrization apparatus, the isolated parenchyma cells are less contaminated with fragments of vascular bundles and are suitable as a medium used for fungus bed cultivation.

The parenchyma cells separated from the oil palm stem material have high nutritional value as they are and are highly expected by experts in mushroom cultivation. Thus, by using the soft cells, which are the residues other than the vascular bundle used in the first embodiment, as a medium used for fungus bed cultivation of mushrooms, the palm material that does not produce new industrial waste How to use can be provided.

In carrying out the present invention, the following various modifications are not limited to the above embodiments.
(1) In the above embodiments, the oil palm material is used for explanation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other palm materials such as coconut may be used.
(2) In each of the above embodiments, a zephyrizing apparatus or a hammer crusher is used as a separation means in the separation step. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other separation means may be used. Examples of other separating means include a hammer mill, a spiral mill, a vibrating ball mill, a vibration rod mill, a wheelie mill, a chipper, a shredder, a steam explosion device, and a high pressure injection device.
(3) In each of the above embodiments, a low molecular weight phenol resin (filling type resin) or an isocyanate cross-linking agent is used as the resin material used for the production of the wood-based material. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A material that bonds and binds tube bundles, a material that is filled and bonded between vascular bundles, or reacts with cellulose or other substances that partially penetrate into the vascular bundle to form these vascular bundles. You may use the resin material of the broad meaning containing the material etc. which couple | bond.
(4) In the first to third embodiments, three or five layers of mats are laminated to produce a laminated plate or a consolidated laminated plate. However, the present invention is not limited to this. You may make it laminate | stack a layer or six layers or more.
(5) In the first to third embodiments described above, a laminate or a consolidated laminate is produced by laminating only mats with oriented vascular bundles, but the present invention is not limited to this. You may make it laminate | stack another wood board as a board.
(6) In the third to fifth embodiments, a special consolidation apparatus is used for consolidation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a normal hot press machine may be used.
(7) In each of the above embodiments, the vascular bundle separated from the oil palm material is used as the structural material of the wood-based material. However, the vascular bundle is not limited to this, and the vascular bundle is made of wood powder / plastic composite (kneaded WPC). ) As a filler.
(8) In the fourth embodiment, a vascular bundle after sieving the pulverized material that passed through a porous sieve having a pore diameter of 15 mm with a sifter of 750 μm is used. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a material having a size suitable for the purpose may be used by appropriately selecting the number of times of pulverization, the pore diameter of the porous sieve, and the opening of the sieve.
(9) In the first to fifth embodiments, the vascular bundle separated from the oil palm material is used as the structural material of the wood-based material. However, the vascular bundle is not limited to this, and the vascular bundle is used as another industrial material or It may be used as a resource for agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
(10) In the sixth to eighth embodiments, the soft cells separated from the oil palm material are used as a livestock feed, a raw material for bioethanol, and a fungus bed for mushrooms, but are not limited thereto. The soft cells may be used as other industrial materials or resources for agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

W1 to W5 ... mat, PW1 ... laminate before consolidation, PW2 ... consolidation laminate,
MC ... Consolidator, 10 ... Press board, 10A ... Upper press board, 10B ... Lower press board,
IS: internal space, 18: positioning hole.

Claims

The palm material is separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells using means such as crushing, squeezing, blasting, water flow high pressure injection, etc.
A method for using a palm material, wherein the separated vascular bundle and parenchyma cells are effectively used as industrial materials or agricultural, forestry and fishery resources, respectively.
In the method of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells,
Using a squeezing device provided with two metal rolls having a plurality of V-shaped or concavo-convex grooves composed of peaks and valleys provided in parallel on the surface of the cylinder along the circumferential direction. ,
These metal rolls rotate in the opposite direction with each other's crests and troughs engaged with each other with the cylindrical axis directions parallel to each other,
By inserting the length of the vascular bundle between the two metal rolls that rotate by meshing the piece of coconut material so as to be parallel to or intersecting the plurality of grooves to be engaged,
The method for using a coconut material according to claim 1, wherein the coconut material is efficiently separated into a vascular bundle and parenchyma cells.
In the method of separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells,
A pulverization operation using a pulverizer, and a sieving operation for separating the pulverized product after the pulverization operation into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells using a sieving device,
In the pulverization operation, by changing the aperture of the porous sieve provided at the discharge port of the pulverizer and the aperture of the sieving machine used for the sieving operation,
The method of using a palm material according to claim 1, wherein the axial diameter and axial length of the separated vascular bundle and the ratio of parenchymal cells remaining in the vascular bundle are changed.
The aperture of the porous sieve has a pore diameter of 5 mm to 20 mm,
The method for using a coconut material according to claim 3, wherein the vascular bundle and the parenchyma cells that have passed through the porous sieve are used.
The method for using palm material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm material is separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells after being cut down and dried to a moisture content of 15% by mass or less. .
The method for using palm material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the palm material is separated into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells without being dried after being cut.
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A method for using a palm material, characterized in that the parenchymal cells are used as a feed for livestock.
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A method for using a palm material, characterized in that the parenchymal cells are used as a raw material for bioethanol.
Using parenchyma cells separated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A method for using a coconut material, characterized in that the parenchymal cells are used as a medium for use in mushroom fungus cultivation.
Of the vascular bundles and parenchyma that make up the palm material, use the vascular bundles in which the parenchyma cells have been detached,
A wood-based material comprising a structural material obtained by combining a plurality of the vascular bundles and a resin material that binds the vascular bundles.
The woody material according to claim 10, wherein the structural material is oriented in two or more directions in which the vascular bundle intersects each other.
The woody material according to claim 10, wherein the structural material is configured such that the vascular bundle cut into a predetermined length is non-oriented.
The structural material is molded with the resin material applied,
The woody material according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein an air-dry density value after molding is within a range of 0.3 to 1.5 (g / cm 3 ).
A method for producing a woody material according to any one of claims 10 to 13,
A separation process for separating the palm material into vascular bundles and parenchyma cells;
An applying step of applying a resin material to the vascular bundle;
A bonding step of bonding between the vascular bundles by the resin material,
In the applying step,
A phenol resin is used as the resin material, and the vascular bundle is impregnated with a 2-50 mass% aqueous phenol resin solution,
In the combining step,
A method for producing a woody material, characterized in that the vascular bundle impregnated with the aqueous phenol resin solution is dried and then molded with a high-pressure press at a temperature of 140 to 220 ° C.