JPH10174519A - Medium for mushroom cultivation and bacterium bed for mushroom cultivation - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a medium for mushroom cultivation which has no growth inhibition effect on hyphae, suppresses the degradation in the moisture content during cultivation and has excellent weatherability and productivity by incorporating at least either of a weakly anionic water-absorptive resin and a nonionic water-absorptive resin. SOLUTION: This medium contains at least either of the weakly anionic water-absorptive resin, such as crosslinked matter of an independent polymer of an N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide, etc., like N-vinyl acetoamide or the crosslinked matter of a copolymer of the amide described above and either ionic or nonionic monomer, etc., and the nonionic water-absorptive resin as the indispensable component preferably at 0.1 to 1.0wt.%. A water-holding layer consisting of the weakly anionic water-absorptive resin or the nonionic water-absorptive resin is formed within a mushroom cultivation vessel and a medium layer is laminated on the water-holding layer, by which the bacterium bed for mushroom cultivation is obtd.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a medium and a bacterial bed used for artificial cultivation of edible or medicinal mushrooms.
In particular, the present invention relates to a medium and a microbial bed which have excellent water retention and good growth of hypha.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, for artificial cultivation of edible or medicinal mushrooms, a nutrient-enriched mushroom medium is prepared by adding rice bran, bran, corn powder, etc. to a base material such as sawdust, chips, straw and the like. This method is performed by filling the culture medium into a cultivation container, adding an appropriate amount of water, sterilizing the medium, and inoculating a seed fungus. At this time, if the water content in the medium is too large or too small, the growth of the hypha and the formation of the fruiting body-forming group are delayed. Therefore, it is important to control the water content contained in the medium from the hyphal growth to the fruiting body formation after inoculation. For example, in the case of Shimeji, the water content of the medium is 60 to 65% by weight, preferably 62%. It is cultivated while being managed to be about weight%.

[0003] However, if the water content is adjusted to the optimum at the start of cultivation, the water on the surface of the culture medium gradually disperses or moves to the lower part of the medium during the cultivation, and the water content on the surface of the bacterial bed decreases. It may interfere with the occurrence of the radical. In order to prevent such a shortage of water during the cultivation, a slight excess of water is added to the culture medium, but in this case too, excess water moves to the lower part of the culture medium, and water is added to the bottom of the culture vessel. There is a problem that the stagnation is caused, the air permeability of the culture medium is reduced, the growth of hyphae is slowed down, and bacteria grow.

[0004] In order to cope with the above-mentioned problem of water management, a method has been developed in which a water-absorbing resin such as polyacrylate is added as a component of a mushroom cultivation medium (Japanese Patent Publication No. Sho 6 (1988)).
3-3563). In this method, since the water-absorbing polymer substance added to the mushroom cultivation medium absorbs excess water, and gradually releases this water-absorbed water as the culture proceeds, the medium is prevented from being over-moistened and dried. be able to. However, ionic water-absorbing resins such as polyacrylates usually contain ionic monomers in a proportion exceeding 30 mol%, have a high degree of ionization, and exhibit a growth inhibitory effect on hypha. For this reason, the hypha only extends downward along the inner surface of the container and cannot grow sufficiently into the culture medium, delaying the initial growth of the mycelium, reducing the yield of fruiting bodies, and extending the cultivation period. In addition, a growth difference may occur between cultivation lots, which may hinder shipping operations. Further, the acrylic acid (co) polymer has a problem that the weather resistance is insufficient and the water retention during cultivation is reduced.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a culture medium for mushroom cultivation and a fungal bed for mushroom cultivation using a water retention material which has high weather resistance and has no growth inhibiting effect on mycelia.

[0006]

The culture medium for mushroom cultivation of the present invention is characterized by containing at least one of a weakly anionic water-absorbent resin and a nonionic water-absorbent resin as essential components. Further, the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation of the present invention, in a mushroom cultivation container, a water retention layer made of a weak anionic water-absorbent resin or a nonionic water-absorbent resin is formed, and a culture medium layer is laminated on the water retention layer. It is characterized by that. In the above mushroom cultivation medium or mushroom cultivation bed, the weak anionic water-absorbent resin or the nonionic water-absorbent resin may be a crosslinked product of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide homopolymer or any of ionic and nonionic. And a cross-linked product of a homopolymer of N-vinylacetamide or a cross-linked product of any of ionic and non-ionic monomers.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In a mushroom cultivation medium (hereinafter abbreviated as a medium) or a mushroom cultivation bacterial bed (hereinafter abbreviated as a bacterial bed) of the present invention, the nonionic water-absorbing resin is an ionic monomer. , And all the monomers constituting the polymer are nonionic monomers. The weak anionic water-absorbing resin refers to a resin in which the proportion of the ionic monomer is 30 mol% or less among the monomers constituting the copolymer.

The weakly anionic or nonionic water-absorbing resin used in the present invention includes, for example, a crosslinked product of a polyoxyethylene (PEO) homopolymer or a copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVC)
A) Cross-linked homopolymer or copolymer, polyacrylamide (PAM) cross-linked homopolymer or copolymer, N-vinyl carboxamide cross-linked homopolymer or copolymer Although a crosslinked product such as a coalesced product can be used, a homopolymer crosslinked product or a copolymer crosslinked product (hereinafter, referred to as PNVA) of N-vinylacetamide is used because of its good light resistance and heat resistance and no biodegradability. Is preferred, and a homopolymer crosslinked product of N-vinylacetamide is more preferred.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by taking, as an example of a weakly anionic water-absorbing resin or a nonionic water-absorbing resin, a crosslinked homopolymer or copolymer of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide. N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide is represented by the following formula (I).

[0010]

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In the formula (I), R ₁ and R ₂ represent hydrogen or a methyl group, R ₃ represents a hydrogen, a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R ₂ and R ₃ represent an alkylene group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms. It may be formed. Specifically, N-vinylacetamide,
N-methyl-N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylformamide, N-methyl-N-vinylformamide, N-
And vinylpyrrolidone. Examples of ionic monomers copolymerizable with N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide include:
For example, (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamidoethanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamidoethanesulfonic acid, 3-methacrylamidopropanesulfonic acid, acrylic Acid methylsulfonic acid, methacrylic acid methylsulfonic acid, acrylic acid-2-ethylsulfonic acid, methacrylic acid-2-ethylsulfonic acid, acrylic acid-3-propylsulfonic acid, methacrylic acid-3
-Propylsulfonic acid, 2-methyl-3-acrylate
Propylsulfonic acid, 2-methyl-3-methacrylate
It is propylsulfonic acid, acrylic acid-1,1′-dimethyl-2-ethylsulfonic acid, methacrylic acid-1,1′-dimethyl-2-ethylsulfonic acid or a salt thereof. Examples of nonionic monomers copolymerizable with N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide include, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate,
Hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, vinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, N, N- Dimethyl (meth) acrylamide and N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide are exemplified. The copolymerization ratio of the ionic monomer is preferably 30 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol%, based on the nonionic monomer.
The following is more preferred. When the copolymerization ratio of the ionic monomer is 30 mol% or less with respect to the nonionic monomer, sufficient water retention can be obtained without causing growth inhibition.

PNVA is a compound having at least two polymerizable unsaturated groups in one molecule (referred to as a "crosslinking agent"), N-vinylacetamide, and, if necessary, a copolymerizable monomer formed by radical polymerization under the absence of oxygen. It can be produced using a polymerization initiator. The polymerization process is not particularly limited, but aqueous solution polymerization, reverse phase suspension polymerization, and the like, which have been conventionally used as a method for producing a crosslinked product of sodium polyacrylate, can be employed. Specific examples thereof include JP-A-3-223304, It is described in JP-A-4-230250 and JP-A-4-346833. Specific examples of the crosslinking agent used in the production of the (co) polymer crosslinked product include N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide, triethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, divinylbenzene, N, N-alkylenebis (N-vinylacetamide) compounds (for example, N'-1,4-butylenebis (N
-Vinylacetamide), N, N'-diacetyl N,
N′-divinyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, etc.), pentaerythritol triallyl ether, tetraallyloxyethane, etc., and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more as needed. The amount of the crosslinking agent used is 2 × 10 ⁻⁴ to 10 mol%, preferably 5 × 10 ⁻⁴ to 2 mol%, based on the (co) polymerization component.
Mol% range. The polymerization initiator used in the production of the (co) polymer crosslinked product is a conventionally known peroxide, an organic or inorganic peracid or a salt thereof, or an azobis-based compound alone or in combination with a redox-based reducing agent. Among them, azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-
An azobis-based initiator such as azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride. The amount of the polymerization initiator used is 0.0% based on the (co) polymerization component.
005 to 5 mol%, particularly preferably 0.005 to 0.5
Mol%. The polymerization initiation temperature is usually about -10 to 80C, and the reaction time is about 0.5 to 30 hours. The molar ratio of the N-vinylacetamide unit to the copolymerized monomer unit of the PNVA is preferably 100: 0 to 25:75. One or a mixture of two or more selected from the above ranges can be used as the liquid absorbing resin.

A crosslinked N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide (co) polymer, particularly PNVA, is excellent in heat resistance, light resistance, biodegradation resistance and the like as compared with a conventional water absorbing agent and is stable. There is no decrease in water retention. N in the water absorption state
A crosslinked product of a vinylcarboxylic acid amide (co) polymer is preferable because it imparts appropriate elasticity to the culture medium and ensures air permeability of the culture medium.

The medium of the present invention contains, in addition to the weakly anionic water-absorbing resin and the nonionic water-absorbing resin, a medium substrate and a nutrient source usually used for cultivation of mushrooms.
As a medium substrate, for example, sawdust, pulp, paper, corroded soil, chip dust, bark, rice straw, wheat straw, corn powder, and the like are used. It forms a cultivation bed while holding a water-absorbent resin or a non-ionic water-absorbent resin, and can be decomposed by mushrooms to become nutrients. As the nutrient source, rice bran, corn bran, sugar cane meal, organic matter such as okara, bread crumbs, compost, sugar, protein-based nutrient source, and the like are used. It is preferable to mix 1-80 parts by weight of the nutrient source with 2-80 parts by weight of the base material of the culture medium. In the culture medium of the present invention, the content of the crosslinked homopolymer or copolymer of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide in a dry state is preferably about 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, and 0.1 to 5.0% by weight. About 1.0% by weight is more preferable. The crosslinked homopolymer or copolymer of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide can be mixed with another composition after absorbing water. N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide in this range (co)
By adding a crosslinked polymer, water retention can be imparted without inhibiting growth of mycelia. 0.01
If it is less than 5% by weight, water retention is not sufficient, and 5.0% by weight
Beyond this, economic efficiency is poor.

The medium of the present invention prepared by mixing the above composition is filled in a commonly used plastic cultivation bottle, and the medium has a water content of 50 to 80% by weight, preferably 60 to 70% by weight. % Of water is added. At this time, since the water to which the weak anionic water-absorbent resin or the nonionic water-absorbent resin is added absorbs water, a larger amount than when a medium containing no weak anionic water-absorbent resin or nonionic water-absorbent resin is used. Even if water is added, the medium does not become sticky. Further, a hole having a diameter of about 1 cm penetrating vertically in the center of the medium is formed at 110 to 120 ° C.
Heat sterilize for 60 minutes to obtain a bacterial bed.

Alternatively, a water-retaining layer made of a weak anionic water-absorbing resin or a nonionic water-absorbing resin is formed in a cultivation container, and a medium layer containing the above-mentioned medium substrate and nutrients is formed on the water-retaining layer. May be laminated to form a fungal bed for mushroom cultivation. This water retention layer can be formed in the upper, middle, and lower portions of the cultivation container, and is more preferably formed in the lower portion. The mushroom cultivation container is not particularly limited. For example, a plastic container such as polypropylene which is conventionally used as a mushroom cultivation container is used.

This water-retaining layer can be formed by laying a water-retaining sheet containing a weakly anionic water-absorbing resin or a nonionic water-absorbing resin, thereby saving labor.
The water-retaining sheet containing the weak anionic water-absorbing resin or the nonionic water-absorbing resin is not particularly limited. For example, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a water-soluble film, a sheet-shaped water-absorbing or liquid-permeable carrier such as paper is used. A water-retentive sheet having a structure in which a weak anionic water-absorbing resin or a nonionic water-absorbing resin is applied or stuck on one or both sides of the carrier, or a weak carrier between these carriers by using two similar carriers. Water-retentive sheet with an anionic or non-ionic water-absorbent resin sandwiched between them, water-retentive sheet with a structure in which a weak anionic or non-ionic water-absorbent resin is woven into a woven fabric, paper or nonwoven fabric And a water retention sheet having a structure in which a weak anionic water absorbing resin or a nonionic water absorbing resin is incorporated. The thickness of the water retention sheet is preferably 0.01 to 10 mm, and 0.1 to 10 mm.
５5 mm is more preferable. Also, it is preferable to form a large number of holes in the sheet because the air permeability of the culture medium is improved. In the sheet, it is preferable that the weak anionic water-absorbing resin or the nonionic water-absorbing resin is contained at 50 to 500 g / m ^{2 with} respect to the carrier.

As the medium layer laminated on the water retention layer, a medium layer containing the above-mentioned nutrient substance is used. In addition, water is added before inoculation, but the weak anionic or nonionic water-absorbing resin of the water retention layer absorbs the added water, so the weakly anionic or nonionic water-absorbing resin is absorbed. The medium does not become sticky even when a larger amount of water is added than when a medium containing no is used. Then, preferably, a hole having a diameter of about 1 cm penetrating vertically through the center of the medium is formed.
Heat sterilize at 0 to 120 ° C for 60 minutes to obtain a bacterial bed. Such sterilization does not affect the performance of the weakly anionic or nonionic water absorbent resin.

In cultivating mushrooms using the medium or the bacterial bed of the present invention, first, the fungal bed having the above-mentioned composition is inoculated with the seed fungus to be cultivated. The cultivation method of the present invention is widely used in the cultivation of edible or medicinal mushrooms, and the type thereof is not limited. Can be

After inoculation, conventional methods such as 18-25
The mycelium grows in an environment of about 50C and a humidity of 50 to 95%.
During this time, the crosslinked homopolymer or copolymer of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide absorbs and retains moisture. As the surrounding medium dries, the water retained in the weakly anionic or nonionic water-absorbent resin is gradually released and diffused into the surrounding medium, resulting in excessive drying of the medium. In addition, overhumidity can be prevented, and the water content of the medium can be easily controlled to a range suitable for cultivation. Therefore, even if the amount of water added is increased during the preparation of the culture medium, it does not become excessively moist, and the propagation of various bacteria can be prevented. Even when cultured for a long period of time, water is not rapidly lost, and hyphal growth is promoted. In addition, since the weakly anionic or nonionic water-absorbing resin swells and has an appropriate elasticity, the medium is not hardened and the air permeability is improved. Then, at the stage when the mycelium has sufficiently grown and the fruiting body generating group has been formed, water is absorbed again if necessary, and the fruiting body is grown in an environment of 12 ° C to 18 ° C and a humidity of 50 to 95%.

[0021]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The operation and effect of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments. (Example) sawdust (cedar and beech mixed 1: 1)
1000g, nutritional material (rice bran: bran: dried okara =
6: 3: 1) 800 g and PNVA 10 g (both of which are dry weights) were mixed, and water was added so that the water content became 67% by weight. The mixture was filled in an 800 ml polypropylene cultivation bottle, and sterilized at 105 ° C. for 10 minutes. did. On the surface of the medium thus prepared, a shimeji mycelium which had been cultured in advance on an agar medium was inoculated. After cultivating in a constant temperature room at 22 ° C. and 70% humidity for 28 days at a carbon dioxide concentration of 3,000 ppm for hyphal growth, sprouts and transferring the mixture to a constant temperature room at 15 ° C. and a humidity of 97% to give a carbon dioxide concentration of 1, After culturing for 9 days at 800 ppm, sprouting was performed, and the illuminance was set to 1, in this constant temperature room.
The seedlings were grown by irradiating with 00 lux of light for 6 hours per day, and harvested 22 days later. The fruiting body yield is 152
g. (Comparative Example) The same procedure as in Example was carried out except that a crosslinked product of sodium polyacrylate was added instead of PNVA. The number of days until hyphal growth was 31 days, the number of days for sprouting was 10 days, the number of days for growing fruiting bodies was 22 days, and the yield of fruiting bodies was 134 g. In the examples, as compared with the comparative example, the number of culture days was short, the lot difference between the bacterial beds was small, and the yield per bacterial bed was high.

Although the present invention has been described using PNVA as an example, the present invention can be similarly carried out using other weakly anionic water-absorbing resins or nonionic water-absorbing resins.

[0023]

The weak anionic or nonionic water-absorbent resin used in the culture medium and the bacterial bed of the present invention has no growth inhibitory effect on hypha and has high weather resistance.
It prevents the generation of surplus water in the cultivation container and suppresses a decrease in the amount of water during cultivation. Therefore, in the medium of the present invention, the hypha grows sufficiently to the inside of the medium, and the yield of the fruiting body is improved,
The cultivation period is shortened, and there is almost no growth difference between cultivation lots. Also, you can add more water,
The yield of fruiting bodies increases.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A culture medium for cultivating mushrooms, comprising at least one of a weakly anionic water-absorbent resin and a nonionic water-absorbent resin as essential components. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weakly anionic water-absorbing resin or the nonionic water-absorbing resin is a homopolymer crosslinked product of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide or a copolymer crosslinked with any of ionic and nonionic monomers. The culture medium for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, which is a product. 3. The cross-linked homopolymer of N-vinyl carboxylic acid amide or the cross-linked copolymer with any one of ionic and non-ionic monomers is a cross-linked homo-polymer of N-vinyl acetamide or The mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 2, which is a crosslinked product of a copolymer with any one of an ionic monomer and a nonionic monomer. 4. A water retention layer made of a weak anionic water-absorbent resin or a nonionic water-absorbent resin is formed in a mushroom cultivation container, and a culture medium layer is laminated on the water retention layer. Fungus bed for mushroom cultivation. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the weakly anionic water-absorbing resin or the nonionic water-absorbing resin is a homopolymer crosslinked product of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide or a copolymer crosslinked with any of ionic and nonionic monomers. The fungal bed for mushroom cultivation according to claim 4, which is a product. 6. The crosslinked product of a homopolymer of N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide or a crosslinked product of a copolymer with any one of ionic and nonionic monomers is a crosslinked product of a homopolymer of N-vinylacetamide or The fungal bed for mushroom cultivation according to claim 5, which is a crosslinked product of a copolymer with any one of an ionic monomer and a nonionic monomer.