JPS6027320A - Mushroom culturing method - Google Patents
Mushroom culturing methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6027320A JPS6027320A JP58134054A JP13405483A JPS6027320A JP S6027320 A JPS6027320 A JP S6027320A JP 58134054 A JP58134054 A JP 58134054A JP 13405483 A JP13405483 A JP 13405483A JP S6027320 A JPS6027320 A JP S6027320A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- soil
- mushrooms
- polymeric substance
- absorbing polymeric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はきのこの人工、栽培に於いて使用する覆土資材
に関する。更に詳細には、本発明は菌床と覆土から成る
栽培床に於いて、覆土資材の一成分として吸水性高分子
物質を添加することを特徴とするきのこの栽培方法に関
する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to soil covering materials used in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms in which a water-absorbing polymeric substance is added as a component of the soil-covering material in a cultivation bed consisting of a fungal bed and a soil-covering material.
近年、マツシュルーム、ヒメマツタケなどの人工栽培が
普及し、きのこ類が広く食卓に供されるようになった。In recent years, artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms, Himematsutake, etc. has become popular, and mushrooms have become widely available on the table.
しかしながら、その栽培技術には、多くの工夫がみられ
るものの、未だ確立されたとは言えない。However, although many innovations have been made to the cultivation technique, it cannot be said that it has been established yet.
一般に、きのこ類の人工栽培に於いては、その菌床がき
のこの収穫量や品質に与える影響が大きく、多くの検討
がなされている。例えば、我々はすでにエノキタケ、シ
メジ、ナメコ等の人工栽培に於いて、その菌床に吸水性
高分子物質を添加することにより、すぐれた栽培技術が
得られることを見出した（特願昭５７−９６７０７）、
しかしながら、マツシュルーム、ヒメマツタケ等の覆土
を必要とする人工栽培に於いては、エノキタケ等と異な
り、菌床培地のほかに覆土の選択がきわめて重要で、収
穫量や品質（形状、大きさなど）に大きな影響を及ぼす
ことが知られており、その解決が望まれている。Generally, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the fungal bed has a great influence on the yield and quality of the mushrooms, and many studies have been made. For example, we have already discovered that in the artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, etc., an excellent cultivation technique can be obtained by adding a water-absorbing polymeric substance to the fungal bed (Patent Application No. 1973- 96707),
However, in the artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms, Himematsutake, etc., which requires covering with soil, unlike enokitake, etc., the selection of the covering soil in addition to the fungus bed medium is extremely important, and has an effect on yield and quality (shape, size, etc.). This is known to have a significant impact, and a solution is desired.
本発明者らは上記の問題に着目し、種々検討を加えた結
果、従来の覆土資材である土やビート・モスに一成分と
して吸水性高分子物質を添加することがきわめて効果的
であることを見出し本発明を完成するに至った。The present inventors focused on the above problem, and as a result of various studies, it was found that it is extremely effective to add a water-absorbing polymer substance as a component to the conventional soil covering materials such as soil and beet moss. This discovery led to the completion of the present invention.
すなわち吸水性高分子物質を従来の覆土資材に添加する
ことによって、マツシュルーム等の人工栽培に於いて、
収穫量が増加し、かつ品質が向上する原因は必ずしも明
らかではないが次のように推定される。In other words, by adding water-absorbing polymeric substances to conventional soil covering materials, in artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms etc.
The reason for the increase in yield and quality is not necessarily clear, but it is estimated as follows.
覆土の効果は菌床内部の温度、湿度の急変を防いで菌糸
を保護するだけでなく、土の物理化学的作用（ガス類の
保持、微生物類の繁殖、保水、通気、推圧との栄養的落
差）によって、子実体原基の形成を促すと言われている
。よって、覆土に適した土は菌糸の発胃と子実体原基の
分化と生育に必要な通気性のよい、しかも適度の保水力
をもった土がよい。この条件に合った土として、例えば
埴壌土（粘土の含有率約４０％）等があげられる。しか
しながら、最近は都市化が進み、理想的は土が入手出来
にくいのが現状である。The effect of covering with soil is not only to protect the mycelium by preventing sudden changes in temperature and humidity inside the fungal bed, but also to protect the physicochemical functions of the soil (retention of gases, propagation of microorganisms, water retention, ventilation, thrust pressure, and nutrition). It is said that the formation of fruiting body primordium is promoted by Therefore, suitable soil for covering is one that has good aeration, which is necessary for the stomaching of mycelia and the differentiation and growth of fruiting body primordia, and also has an appropriate water-holding capacity. Examples of soil that meet this condition include clay loam (clay content of about 40%). However, as urbanization has progressed recently, it is currently difficult to obtain ideal soil.
従来の覆土に用いられているビート・モスは保水性の点
では比較的すぐれているが、通気性がありすぎ、子実体
の発生が過剰になり、発茸時に間引きを行なわないと良
質のものが得られにくいばかりか、収穫期間も短くなり
、載置も減収になる。−万、土を覆土に用いると、度徂
なる散水によって、土の団粒構造が徐々に破懐され、通
気性や保水性が悪くなり発茸の発生も少くなり収量が減
収する。これらの欠点をなくすため、土に少量のビート
・モスを添加して使用する方法も行なわれているが、必
ずしも根本的な解訣策には至っておらず、やはり安定し
た収穫量や品質のものが得られていないのが現状である
。Beet moss, which is conventionally used for covering soil, is relatively good in terms of water retention, but it is too permeable and produces excessive fruiting bodies. Not only is it difficult to obtain, but the harvest period is also shortened, and the yield is also reduced. - If soil is used as a cover, the aggregate structure of the soil will be gradually destroyed by excessive watering, resulting in poor air permeability and water retention, fewer mushrooms, and lower yields. In order to eliminate these drawbacks, methods have been used to add small amounts of beet moss to the soil, but this has not necessarily resulted in a fundamental solution, and it is still difficult to obtain stable yields and quality. The current situation is that this has not been obtained.
本発明の方法は従来の覆土資材のビート・モスや土は吸
水性高分子物質を添加することにより、菌糸の生育や通
気性（酸素の供給）と適度の水分保持を可能ならしめ、
その結果、マツシュルームなどの人工栽培に最適の環境
をもたら（７、ｄ収量および静品質の収穫物が得られる
ものと推定される。In the method of the present invention, conventional soil covering materials such as beet moss and soil are added with a water-absorbing polymer substance to enable mycelial growth, air permeability (oxygen supply), and appropriate moisture retention.
As a result, it is estimated that an optimal environment for artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms and the like is provided (7, d yield and static quality harvested products can be obtained).
本発明に用いられろ吸水性高分子物質は水に接【７て吸
水・膨潤する物質であり、好ましくは自重の１０倍以上
の吸水能を有する物質である。The water-absorbing polymeric substance used in the present invention is a substance that absorbs and swells when it comes into contact with water, and preferably has a water-absorbing capacity of 10 times or more its own weight.
本発明に用いられろ吸水性高分子物質には天然物および
合成物であっても良い。合成物の場合には電解質、１石
分子と非電解質毘分子からなる。The water-absorbing polymeric substance used in the present invention may be a natural product or a synthetic product. In the case of a compound, it consists of an electrolyte, a single stone molecule, and a non-electrolyte molecule.
吸水能の点では高分子電解質がすぐれ、その内でも、特
に通気性、保水性および経済性に於いて分子中にカルボ
キシル基または水酸基を含む吸水性高分子物質が好まし
い。また、菌糸の生り
育土、カルボキシル基がナトリウム、力斗つムまたはア
ンモニウム塩である吸水性高分子物質が望ましい。Polymer electrolytes are excellent in terms of water absorption ability, and among these, water-absorbing polymer substances containing carboxyl groups or hydroxyl groups in the molecule are particularly preferred in terms of air permeability, water retention, and economical efficiency. In addition, a water-absorbing polymeric material whose carboxyl group is a sodium, lactam, or ammonium salt is desirable as a soil for growing and cultivating mycelia.
本発明に用いられる吸水性高分子物質物質としては、例
えば、テンジン／アクリル酸グラフト共重合体、スチレ
ン／無水マレイン酸共重合体の塩、架橋ポリアクリル酸
（塩）、ポリビニルアルコール／無水マレイン酸共重合
体の変性架橋物、ビニルエステル／エチレン糸不Ｍ 和
ｈ ルホン酸共重合体のケン化物、イソプレン／無水マ
レイン酸共重合体の変性架橋物などをあげる −ことが
できる。Examples of water-absorbing polymeric substances used in the present invention include Tensin/acrylic acid graft copolymer, styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer salt, crosslinked polyacrylic acid (salt), polyvinyl alcohol/maleic anhydride Examples include modified crosslinked copolymers, saponified vinyl ester/ethylene sulfonic acid copolymers, and modified crosslinked isoprene/maleic anhydride copolymers.
また、吸水性高分子非電解物質としては、例えば、架橋
ポリアルキレンオキシド、架橋ポリビニルアルコール、
架橋ポリアミド、テンプンの架橋物などがあげられる。In addition, examples of the water-absorbing non-electrolytic polymer include cross-linked polyalkylene oxide, cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol,
Examples include crosslinked polyamide and crosslinked starch.
特に、ビニルエステル／エチレン系不飽和カルボン酸共
重合体のケン化物、ポリビニルアルコール／無水マレイ
ン酸共重合体の変性架橋物、架橋ポリアクリル酸（塩）
、架橋ポリアルキレンオキシドは吸水後のヒドロゲルの
強度が高く、また腐敗しにくいため、本発明に使用する
のにｋｊ、適である。In particular, saponified products of vinyl ester/ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer, modified crosslinked products of polyvinyl alcohol/maleic anhydride copolymer, and crosslinked polyacrylic acid (salt).
Cross-linked polyalkylene oxide is suitable for use in the present invention because the hydrogel after water absorption has high strength and is resistant to decay.
さらに、本発明に於いて重要な点は吸水性高分子物質か
らなるヒドロゲルが糊状を呈しないものが好ましく、形
状は粒状ないしフレーク状のものが適している。この理
由は充分に明らかでないが、覆土が長期にわたり適度の
間隙を保ち、通気性と保水性を維持するためにマツシュ
ルーム等の人工栽培に適するものと考えられる。Furthermore, an important point in the present invention is that the hydrogel made of a water-absorbing polymer substance preferably does not exhibit a pasty appearance, and is suitably in the form of granules or flakes. The reason for this is not fully clear, but it is thought that the covered soil maintains appropriate pores over a long period of time, maintains air permeability and water retention, and is therefore suitable for artificial cultivation of pine mushrooms and the like.
反対に糊状になるヒドロゲルは通気性が悪く、過湿の原
因となり不適当である。On the other hand, hydrogels that become pasty have poor air permeability and cause overhumidity, making them unsuitable.
また、吸水性高分子物質からなるヒドロゲルが糊状を呈
するかどうかはヒドロゲルの大きさおよびその強度によ
って決まる。使用状態におけるヒドロゲルの大きさが５
０μ以上であれば、糊状を呈しない。また、ヒドロゲル
の強度（つぶれにくいもの）が筒いものほど糊状を呈し
にくい。Furthermore, whether or not a hydrogel made of a water-absorbing polymer material exhibits a paste-like appearance is determined by the size and strength of the hydrogel. The size of the hydrogel in the used state is 5
If it is 0μ or more, it will not exhibit a pasty appearance. In addition, the stronger the hydrogel (harder to crush) is, the less likely it is to exhibit a glue-like appearance.
また、本発明に用いられる吸水性高分子物質の添加量は
その吸水能および使用する覆土資材の油類などによって
異なるため、経験的に決められる。一般に、土の場合に
は吸水外局分子物質の添加量は０．０５〜２０重−バー
セントが適当であり、好ましくは０．１〜５ｊｆｆ１Ｍ
パーセントである。あまり少ないと効果がなく、反応に
多いと過湿になり易いため発茸が極端に悪くなり、まｔ
こ病気も発生しやすい。Further, the amount of the water-absorbing polymeric substance added for use in the present invention varies depending on its water-absorbing ability and the oil of the soil-covering material used, and is determined empirically. Generally, in the case of soil, the appropriate amount of the water-absorbing molecular substance added is 0.05 to 20 weight percent, preferably 0.1 to 5jff1M.
It is a percentage. If it is too little, it will not be effective, and if it is too much, it will tend to over-humidify, resulting in extremely poor mushroom growth.
This disease is also common.
本発明によるマツシュルームの覆土の調整法を例示的に
説明する。まず、土またはビート・モス等の有機物ある
いはその両者の混合物と吸水性超分子物質ケ均一に混合
したのち、消石灰などでｐＨを７．２〜７．４のアルカ
リ性に！整した後覆土に使用する方法がある。または他
の混合方法として吸水外局分子物質を水に入れ、膨潤さ
せたのち、ｐ１１調整された土やビート・モス類の有機
物などの覆土資材と均一に混合してなお、コンポストの
造成、積み込み、切り返し、接種などの作業方法につい
ては同業者が行なっている従来の方法となんら変える必
要はないが、本発明の方法によると、散水の頻度をかな
り減らしても、覆土の水分は７０〜８０％に保つことが
できる。The method for adjusting soil covering of pine mushrooms according to the present invention will be exemplified. First, after uniformly mixing soil, organic matter such as beet moss, or a mixture of both, and a water-absorbing supramolecular substance, the pH is made alkaline to 7.2 to 7.4 with slaked lime! There is a method of using it to cover soil after preparation. Alternatively, another method of mixing is to add a water-absorbing external molecular substance to water, allow it to swell, and then uniformly mix it with soil covering materials such as P11-adjusted soil or organic matter such as beets and moss to create and load compost. There is no need to change the working methods such as cutting, cutting, and inoculation from the conventional methods used by those in the same industry, but according to the method of the present invention, even if the frequency of watering is significantly reduced, the moisture content of the covered soil can be reduced to 70 to 80%. % can be maintained.
本発明における他の利点は（１）栽培床のＡｆ適含水斌
の幅が広くなり、水分の保持が容易になる。Other advantages of the present invention are (1) The width of the Af-compatible water holes in the cultivation bed becomes wider, making it easier to retain moisture.
（２）栽培床が長期にわたり通気性と保水性を維持させ
ることができる。（８）長期にわたり発茸および子実体
の発生が安定するなどである。(2) The cultivation bed can maintain air permeability and water retention over a long period of time. (8) The development of mushrooms and fruiting bodies is stable over a long period of time.
以下、実施例によって、本発明をより長体的に説明する
が、本発明はこれに限定されない。EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例１
栽培床に過熟堆肥（馬きゅう肥）を入れ、約１５ｃｍの
厚さにして床をつくる。床入れ【ノた堆肥を発酵、発熱
させ、床の温ＩＷが２４°Ｃ以下になつｔこら床に種菌
を植えつける。繭糸発育時には２０°Ｃから２３℃に床
温を保つようにする。種菌を接種して活着したら、あら
かじめ調整した覆土を約８．５ｍの厚さにｍｍのないよ
うに平らにならす（土を押えつけてはいけない）。なお
、覆土はあらかじめ植壌土を消石灰でｐＨを７．５に調
整したものに吸水性高分子物質（イゲタゲル■ト′Ｓ、
住友化学工業（製）をＱ、 ５ ｗｔ％の割合で均一に
混合して使用した。覆土後ただちに散水を行なう。栽培
期間中は栽培室の温度と覆土の水分を調節し、十分な換
気を行なう。Example 1 Overripe compost (horse manure) is poured into a cultivation bed to create a bed with a thickness of about 15 cm. Place the compost into the bed. Ferment the compost, generate heat, and plant the seed bacteria in the bed when the temperature IW of the bed is below 24°C. During the development of cocoon threads, keep the bed temperature between 20°C and 23°C. Once the inoculum has been inoculated and taken root, cover the soil prepared in advance and level it to a thickness of about 8.5 m (do not press the soil down). The soil is covered with a water-absorbing polymer material (Igetagel To'S,
Q, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd. (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Ltd.), was used by uniformly mixing it at a ratio of 5 wt%. Water immediately after covering with soil. During the cultivation period, adjust the temperature of the cultivation room and the moisture content of the soil cover, and provide sufficient ventilation.
対照例としては、前記と同様であるが、覆土用にｐ１ｉ
調整した植壌土のみを使用してマノシュルームの栽培を
行なった。As a control example, the same as above, but p1i was used for covering soil.
Manoshrooms were cultivated using only the prepared soil.
前記実施例および対照例における（１） ｌｉｄ水の頻
度、（２）マツシュルーム子実体の収ａＭ、（８１品質
の判定結果を第１表に示す。Table 1 shows the determination results of (1) frequency of lid water, (2) yield aM of pine mushroom fruiting body, and (81 quality) in the Examples and Control Examples.
Claims (7)
の一成分と１ノで吸水性高分子物質を添加することを特
徴とするきのこの栽培方法。(1) A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises adding a water-absorbing polymeric substance as one component of the soil covering material to a cultivation bed consisting of a fungal bed and covering soil.
第１項記載のきのこの栽培方法。(2) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the mushrooms are pine mushrooms.
上である特許請求の範囲第１項記載のきのこの栽培方法
。(3) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymeric substance has a particle size of 50 μm or more in the used state.
含む特許請求の範囲第１項記載のきの仁の栽培方法。(4) The method for cultivating mushroom kernels according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymeric substance contains a carboxyl group in its molecule.
求の範囲第１項記載のきのこの栽培方法。 す(5) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymeric substance contains a hydroxyl group in its molecule. vinegar
はアンモニウム塩である特許請求の範囲第４項記載のき
のこの栽培方法。(6) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the carboxyl group is a sodium salt, a sodium salt, or an ammonium salt.
特許請求の範囲第１項記載のきのこの栽培方法。(7) The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing polymeric substance is a non-electrolytic polymeric substance.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58134054A JPS6027320A (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Mushroom culturing method |
| GB08418510A GB2146319B (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1984-07-20 | Cultivation of mushrooms |
| FR8411596A FR2549346B1 (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1984-07-20 | PROCESS FOR THE GROWING OF MUSHROOMS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58134054A JPS6027320A (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Mushroom culturing method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6027320A true JPS6027320A (en) | 1985-02-12 |
Family
ID=15119282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58134054A Pending JPS6027320A (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1983-07-21 | Mushroom culturing method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6027320A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2549346B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2146319B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4838123A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1989-06-13 | Hideyasu Matoba | Mounting of a planetary gear assembly on a casing |
| US5850750A (en) * | 1996-06-29 | 1998-12-22 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Clothes washer having a pulsator apparatus |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8503383D0 (en) * | 1985-02-09 | 1985-03-13 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Culture of fungi |
| GB8621119D0 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1986-10-08 | Thompson B A | Mushroom cultivation |
| AU3430593A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1993-08-03 | Campbell Soup Company | Mushroom casing spawn |
| FR2723506B1 (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-11-08 | Royal Champignon Sa | COVER FOR GROWING MUSHROOMS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAME, AND METHOD FOR GROWING MUSHROOMS. |
| FR2758688B1 (en) | 1997-01-27 | 1999-03-19 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | NOVEL AGARICUS BISPORUS HYBRIDS, THEIR OBTAINMENT AND THEIR APPLICATION |
| DE10051273A1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-05-08 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Cultivation of mushrooms using a water-absorbent polymer |
| GB2459856B (en) | 2008-05-07 | 2010-05-26 | Frank Henry Parker | A method and composition to improve mushroom cultivation |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1220807A (en) * | 1967-05-17 | 1971-01-27 | Nat Res Dev | Production of fermentation and cultivation media |
| BE758952A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1971-05-13 | Rhodiaceta | CULTURE SUBSTRATE |
| US4170842A (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1979-10-16 | Stroller Benjamin B | Synthetic casing for mushroom beds |
| US4337594A (en) * | 1980-04-18 | 1982-07-06 | Castle & Cooke, Inc. | Mushroom casing composition and process |
| AT369228B (en) * | 1981-01-26 | 1982-12-10 | Knofler Thomas | METHOD FOR CULTIVATING MUSHROOMS |
-
1983
- 1983-07-21 JP JP58134054A patent/JPS6027320A/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-07-20 FR FR8411596A patent/FR2549346B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-20 GB GB08418510A patent/GB2146319B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4838123A (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1989-06-13 | Hideyasu Matoba | Mounting of a planetary gear assembly on a casing |
| US5850750A (en) * | 1996-06-29 | 1998-12-22 | Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Clothes washer having a pulsator apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8418510D0 (en) | 1984-08-22 |
| GB2146319B (en) | 1986-10-22 |
| FR2549346A1 (en) | 1985-01-25 |
| GB2146319A (en) | 1985-04-17 |
| FR2549346B1 (en) | 1988-08-26 |
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