JPS6368027A - Medium for mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a medium (culture medium) suitable for the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, particularly edible mushrooms, and more specifically, contains a water-absorbing polymer substance and a surfactant, This invention relates to a novel medium for mushrooms, which facilitates the absorption of water into the medium, the supply of nutrients, and the addition and formulation of pest control agents or mushroom growth regulators, thereby allowing fruiting bodies to be stably harvested at high yields over several times. .

(Prior art and its problems) When cultivating mushrooms artificially, the moisture content, carbon source, and nitrogen source contained in the medium during the process from the time of growth to the time of fruiting body formation after inoculation of mushroom fungi. , various inorganic components, vitamins, nutrient substances such as nucleobases, and various growth regulators greatly influence the yield of fruiting bodies.

Therefore, mushrooms have traditionally been cultivated using various methods. For shiitake, nameko, oyster mushrooms, etc., the Il (hada) cultivation method using logs is used, and for mushrooms such as Fukurotake (Aga).
ricus Sp.) is cultivated using fermented rice straw, and Fukurotake and the like are cultivated using straw for rice, wheat, etc.

On the other hand, for the purpose of climatic environment and labor saving, cultivation using an artificial culture medium, for example, for shiitake, nameko, oyster mushroom, etc., the culture medium (culture medium) containing sawdust, rice bran, corn bran, etc. is grown in boxes, bags, bottles, or molds. A fungal bed-type artificial cultivation method has been established, in which fungal beds are created by placing them in a frame and cultivating mycelium.

For example, a mixture of sawdust and rice bran is used as a culture medium for mushrooms as wood-decaying fungi.

In this case, the mixing ratio of sawdust and rice bran varies depending on the type of mushroom to be cultivated. Sawdust cellulose, hemicellulose,
Lignin and the like are the main carbon nutrient sources of mushrooms, and the cellulose mentioned above is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by degrading enzymes produced by mushrooms themselves. Lignin is also decomposed into low-molecular organic substances by degradative enzymes produced by mushrooms, which are absorbed and utilized by mushroom mycelium. In this case, since the decomposition rate of cellulose and lignin is relatively slow and the elongation of vegetative hyphae progresses slowly, rice bran is added as an auxiliary ingredient, and the starch in rice sugar is immediately utilized as a single nutrient source. Rice bran also contains more protein and plays an important role as a nitrogen nutrient source for mushrooms.

Furthermore, in recent years, a method of adding a water-absorbing polymer substance to this artificial medium has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-40015).
This water-absorbing polymer substance facilitates the control of the water content of the medium, improves the aeration and water retention of the medium, promotes the growth of mycelium, and improves the yield of fruiting bodies.

By the way, the growth process of mushrooms can be roughly divided into two periods. One is the vegetative growth process in which the mycelia elongate and proliferate in the early stage, and the other is the reproductive growth process (so-called mushroom growth) that occurs after a certain amount of mycelium is reached.

Recently, there has been considerable research into the differences in nutritional requirements of mushrooms during the vegetative and reproductive growth processes.

When artificially cultivating on a medium other than the basic medium such as sawdust and rice bran mentioned above, artificially adding nutrients or growth regulators at the initial stage of culturing or during the cultivation process will result in
It has been found that mushrooms have a positive effect on mushrooms. Moreover, since artificial culture media made of sawdust, rice bran, etc. are cultured in a container with a certain volume such as a box, bag, or bottle,
Nutrient sources, moisture, etc. are limited, and therefore, in order to continue mushroom generation in the second and third stages, it is desirable to add or supplement these nutrients, moisture, etc. during the process.

Furthermore, unlike natural cultivation such as log cultivation, this type of artificial culture medium allows mixed microorganisms to easily utilize the nutritional sources in this artificial culture medium, making it easy for the culture medium to be contaminated with various germs, which can lead to harmful bacteria. It is also necessary to add pesticides.

However, when mushrooms are cultivated in an artificial culture medium, a mycelial film of mushrooms forms on the surface of the medium, and even if nutrients, moisture, or pest control agents are subsequently added,
Due to the water-repellent nature of the mycelial coating on the surface of the medium, they cannot be sufficiently replenished into the medium. This is particularly noticeable during the second and third stages of mushroom growth after the first mushroom growth, and even in culture media containing water-absorbing polymer substances, the total yield of mushrooms does not decrease. I couldn't escape it.

(Means for solving the problem) Therefore, the present inventors conducted intensive research to solve the above problem and found that both a water-absorbing polymer substance and a nonionic surfactant were added to the artificial culture medium for mushrooms. By adding it, it becomes easier to add and absorb nutrient substances and growth regulators into the medium as water is absorbed when water is supplied, it significantly promotes the growth of mushroom hyphae and the formation of fruiting bodies, and it can be used as a pest control agent. We have completed the present invention by discovering that addition is easy and bacterial contamination is significantly reduced, and as a result, secondary and tertiary mushroom cultivation is carried out satisfactorily and the total yield of mushrooms is increased.

That is, the present invention provides a mushroom culture medium characterized by containing a support, a nutrient substance, water, a water-absorbing polymer substance, and a nonionic surfactant as essential components.

In the present invention, a new feature is the combined use of a water-absorbing polymer substance and a nonionic surfactant, and an especially important feature is the selection of a nonionic surfactant among the surfactants. It is.

Surfactants other than nonionic surfactants, such as anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonates or cationic surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts, may inhibit hyphal elongation or A sufficient liquid absorption effect cannot be obtained and it is not possible to increase the mushroom yield.

Examples of nonionic surfactants used in the present invention include ester compounds such as glycerin fatty acid ester and sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyalkylene compounds such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ether, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Both oxide addition compounds and amide compounds such as oleic acid jetanolamide can be used.

Among these, nonionic surfactants selected from the following esters (1) to (vl) are particularly excellent in improving both mushroom mycelial growth and medium absorption, and are preferred surfactants. is.

(i) Glycerin fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono-
or di-ester (it) sorbitan fatty acid (carbon number 8-20) mono-, di- or tri-ester (iii) sucrose fatty acid (carbon number 8-20 > mono-
, di- or tri-ester (1v) polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono-, di- or tri-ester (V) propylene glycol fatty acid (8 to 2 carbon atoms)
0> Mono- or di-ester (■1) Poly(2-5) glycerin fatty acid (8 to 5 carbon atoms
20) Ester The medium of the present invention contains both the above-mentioned nonionic surfactant and water-absorbing polymer substance, so that the water absorption and wettability of the medium are improved, and it becomes a nutrient source and harmful bacteria to the medium. It facilitates the formulation of pesticides, significantly promotes the growth of mushroom hyphae and the formation of fruiting bodies, and has the effect of increasing the mushroom yield. Further, it is possible to perform the second and third mushroom cultivation as well as the first time.

Specific examples of the surfactants (1) to (vi) are (1) glycerin monooleate, glycerin dipalmitate, glycerin mono-tallow fatty acid ester, (ii)
) sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trilaurate, (iii) sucrose monooleate sucrose dilaurate,
Sucrose tristearate, (1v) polyoxyethylene (10) sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyethylene (20) rubitan sesquiolate, polyoxyethylene (17) sorbitan trilaurate, (V) propylene glycol monostearate , propylene glycol laurylate, (vi) diglycerol diolate,
diglycerol trilaurate.

Two or more of these surfactants can be used in combination. Furthermore, in carrying out the present invention, surfactants other than the above (i) to (vi) may be added within the range and type that does not impair the effects of the present invention, and other desired components may also be added. You can.

The water-absorbing polymer substance used in the culture medium of the present invention is a substance that is insoluble in water, absorbs a large amount of water when it comes into contact with water, and has a water absorption capacity of 30 times or more its own weight.
Starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 95, polyalkylene oxide disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-39672, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-134958
Saponified vinyl ester-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-30710@Self-crosslinked polyacrylate obtained by reversed-phase suspension polymerization method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-30710 The reaction product of a polyvinyl alcohol polymer and a cyclic acid anhydride disclosed in JP-A No. 20092, the polyacrylate crosslinked product disclosed in JP-A-55-84304, or JP-A-59-626
Examples include post-crosslinked polymers disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 65.

Particularly preferred highly water-absorbing polymeric substances are substances having a water-absorbing capacity of 100 times or more its own weight, such as post-crosslinked polyacrylates. The physical shape of the water-absorbing polymeric substance used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and shapes such as powder, particulate, granule, block, and scale can be used.

The support used in the culture medium of the present invention retains a nutrient substance, a water-absorbing polymer substance, and a surfactant, and forms a culture substrate. This support may be one that decomposes into nutrients, or it may be non-degradable. Examples of the former support include sawdust, pulp, paper, humus, chip dust, perk, rice straw, and wheat straw. The latter supports may include, for example, vermiculite, rock wool, gypsum, porous ceramics, porous polymers, adhesives, hardeners, and the like. The use of any of them is not limited to these, and these supports can be used alone or in combination.

Basic nutrient substances used in the culture medium of the present invention include, for example, sawdust, rice bran, corn bran, sugarcane scum, brewer's lees, okara, breadcrumbs, compost, oils and fats, fats, fatty acids,
Any organic substance such as chitin that can be used as a nutritional source for mycelial growth and fruiting body formation may be used. Sugar and protein-based nutrients can also be used.

The mixing ratio of each component constituting the medium varies greatly depending on the amount of water it retains, but for example,
-80 parts, nutrient source substance 1-80 parts, absorbable polymer substance 0
, 1 to 30 parts of the surfactant, and 0.01 to 5 parts (each part by weight) of the surfactant, to which is added an amount of water that does not make the entire medium sticky. The amount of water is preferably 40 to 70% by weight based on the total medium. The weight ratio of the water-absorbing polymeric material to the surfactant is preferably in the range of 1:o, i to 0.1:'l.

The method for preparing the culture medium of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include the following method.

That is, 36 parts by weight of sawdust (14% moisture) was used as both a support and a nutrient material mainly consisting of a carbon source, 9 parts by weight of rice bran (10% moisture) was used as a nutrient source material mainly a nitrogen source, and high water absorption. 0.5 parts by weight of molecular substances were first mixed uniformly, and then a solution of 54.5 parts by weight of water to which 0.5 parts by weight of the surfactant used in the present invention was added was added and mixed with stirring, thus obtained. A convenient method is to pack the mixture into a bottle or a bag made of heat-resistant film and sterilize it. There is also a method of sterilizing a mixture obtained by preliminarily absorbing and swelling a water-absorbing polymeric material and then adding sawdust, rice bran, and a surfactant.

Examples of mushrooms that can be cultivated using the culture medium of the present invention include shiitake, enokitake, oyster mushroom, nameko, cymen, tamogitake, maitake, stone meninges, phthalotake, phthalotake, and the like.

In this case, the ratio of essential components in the medium used is appropriately selected depending on the type of mushroom.

In addition, when cultivating mushrooms using the medium of the present invention, the nutrients added at the same time as the medium absorbs water include soluble sugars, proteins, amino acids,
There are inorganic salts, vitamins, nucleobases, etc. As the growth regulating substance that is added to the medium when it absorbs water during water supply, lignin sulfonic acid, sugar sulfonic acid, etc. and related substances, cyclic AMP, various organic acids, etc. can be used. As the pest control agent added at the time of water absorption, substances that do not show an inhibitory effect on basidiomycetes but show an inhibitory effect on other fungi such as benomyl, thiophanate methyl, and thiabendazole can be used.

(Operations and Effects of the Invention) By using the culture medium of the present invention, (1) the amount of water added during culture medium preparation can be increased several times more than before, and the growth of mycelium is promoted without creating an overhumidity state. Ru.

(2) With the improvement of the water retention capacity of the medium, rapid water loss that occurs during long-term culture can be prevented, and mycelial growth and fruiting body formation can be promoted.

(3) Compared to conventional culture media, the necessary water supply and absorption to the fungal bed can be easily carried out during the culture period before mushroom emergence or after mushroom cultivation is completed in preparation for the next generation.

(4) Along with water absorption, nutrients and growth regulating substances necessary for mushroom development can be easily incorporated into the culture medium (fungal bed).

(5) Along with water absorption, the pest control agent can easily penetrate into the surface of the culture medium (bacteria bed) and into the inside of the culture medium (bacteria bed).

(6) Through the effects shown in (3), (4), and (5) above, mushroom fruiting bodies can be harvested stably and reliably two to three times.

Excellent effects such as these can be obtained.

(Examples) The characteristics of the culture medium of the present invention will be specifically explained below using Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1 Sawdust (moisture 14% > 360 g and rice bran (moisture 10% > 9
A predetermined amount of a water-absorbing polymer substance (Special Publication Publication No. 1973) is added to 0 g of a mixture.
Dry powder of self-crosslinking polyacrylate with an average particle size of 50μ produced by the method of No. 30710 is mixed, and a predetermined amount of polyoxyethylene (POE) (17) is mixed.
A medium was prepared by adding and mixing a predetermined amount of water containing sorbitan monooleate. Next, a 2000 d polypropylene bag was filled with the culture medium, a cotton plug was provided to create a ventilation hole, and the bag was sterilized at 120'C for 60 minutes. Approximately 3 (M) of Shiitake fungi, which had been previously cultured in sawdust and rice bran medium, were inoculated onto the surface of the sterile medium thus prepared.

Culture was performed in a culture room at 22°C for 60 days. Thereafter, the polypropylene bag was removed, and the matured fungal bed where the hyphae had been spread (elongated and extended) was exposed, and the fungal bed was watered (watered) to allow mushrooms to sprout at 15°C.

After the first mushroom cultivation, after incubating at 18°C for 14 days, the fungal bed was soaked for 3 hours in a solution containing 0.5% by weight of Casamino 1lQ and 0.2% by weight of glucose, and absorbed into the culture medium (fungal bed). The mushrooms were cultured for a second time and cultured. The test was conducted 10 times, and the test results (average value) are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 Sawdust (moisture 14% > 360 g and rice bran (moisture 10%) 9
A culture medium was prepared by mixing 5 g of a water-absorbing polymeric substance with the mixture of No. 09 and further adding and mixing 542 g of water containing 5 q of various surfactants. Hereinafter, the test was conducted 10 times in the same manner as in Example 1. The test results (average values) are shown in Table 2.

Example' 3 A culture medium containing the same composition as Test No. 1 to 4 of Example 1, with a culture medium weight of 50 g and water content of 60% by weight, was filled into a Petri dish with a diameter of 10.5 cm and a depth of 7 cm.
Sterilized for 20'015 minutes. Shiitake mycelium was inoculated into this sterile culture medium, and the mycelium was allowed to spread at 22°C. The shiitake mushroom bed thus obtained was taken out from the petri dish. Add 1 m of Trichoderma spore suspension (approximately 4 x 106 spores/d) prepared in advance to this fungal bed! ! One plot was inoculated into the inside of the fungal bed, and the other was inoculated with 1d@ mist on the surface of the fungal bed.

After incubating these plots at 25°C for 3 days, these bacterial beds were immersed in a 1000x Benomyl solution. Furthermore, after incubating these at 25°C for 14 days, the expression of Trichoderma fungus spores on the surface of the shiitake mushroom bed was observed to investigate the effect of controlling harmful bacteria. Each test was performed five times. The test results (average values) are shown in Table 3. , Procedural Amendment (Frog) May 11, 1986

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A mushroom culture medium containing as essential components a support, a nutrient substance, water, a water-absorbing polymer substance, and a nonionic surfactant. 2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from the following esters (i) to (vi). (i) Glycerin fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono- or diester (ii) Sorbitan fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono-,
Di- or tri-ester (iii) Sucrose fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono-, di- or tri-ester (iv) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms) mono-, di- or tri-ester -Ester (v) Propylene glycol fatty acid (8 to 20 carbon atoms)
Mono- or di-ester (vi) poly(2-5) glycerol fatty acid (8 to 5 carbon atoms)
20) Ester