Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/28—Per-compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
  • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
  • C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
  • C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
  • C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
  • C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
  • C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
  • C25B3/01—Products
  • C25B3/13—Organo-metallic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
  • C25B3/20—Processes
  • C25B3/23—Oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
  • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
  • C25D3/50—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals
  • C25D3/52—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of platinum group metals characterised by the organic bath constituents used
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
  • C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/54—Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for production of a noble metal salt preparation, the noble metal salt preparation comprising at least one noble metal sulfonate and thiourea and the use for surface coating by electroplating or electroless plating of a noble metal or metal alloy.
• coatings with noble metals are produced by electroplating or electroless plating from noble metal cyanide complexes.
• the alkaline, acidic or neutral plating solutions comprise as source of a noble metal for example potassium dicyanoaurate, potassium tetracyanoaurate or alkaline sulfites.
• WO 2014/054429 A1 or US 2015/0137356 A1 disclose a non-cyan metal plating bath comprising alkaline gold sulfites or ammonium gold sulfites and a conductive salt including sulfite and sulfate.
• the main disadvantage of the disclosed plating solution is the poor stability.
• EP 0 61 1 840 A1 discloses a cyanide-free electroplating solution for depositing monovalent copper, silver, gold and other metals complexed by a thiosulfate ion, and a stabilizer of an organic sulfinate compound in an amount sufficient to stabilize the thiosulfate ion when the solution is operated at an acidic pH of less than 7.
• the main disadvantage of the disclosed plating solution is the limitation of the current density and the formation of toxic sulphur dioxide at the presence of sulfites.
• JP 3365866 B2 discloses a non-cyan noble metal plating bath comprising a water-soluble noble metal salt and a nonionic surfactant.
• the acidic noble metal plating bath comprises an alkane sulfonic acid or the like with a noble metal selected from gold or silver.
• Nonionic surfactants are preferred Pururafakku LF401 (manufactured by BASF), Tetronic TR-702 (manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.), Nymeen L-207 (manufactured by NOF Corporation) or Liponox NC- 100 (manufactured by Lion Corporation).
• US 6,251 ,249 B1 discloses iodide-free formulations comprising organosulfur compounds and/or carboxylic acids and a source of a soluble precious metal ion; and procedures for the deposition of precious metals onto solid substrates.
• the source of a soluble precious metal ion is selected from precious metal alkanesulfonate, precious metal alkanesulfonamide or precious metal alkanesulfonimide, preferred silver methanesulfonate, silver methanesulfonamide or silver dimethanesulfonimide.
• the organosulfur compound is selected from alkyl mercaptan, aryl mercaptan, heterocyclic mercaptan, dialkyl sulfide, diaryl sulfide, aryl alkyl sulfide, organic disulfide, organic polysulfide, organic xanthate, organic thiocyanate, or thiourea and the carboxylic acid is selected from alkanecarboxylic acid, aromatic carboxylic acid, oarmino acid, amino acid, dicarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid.
• the substrate for electroplating are selected from brass, bronze, silver, gold, palladium, copper, copper alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, iron, iron alloys, tin, tin alloys, zinc, zinc alloys, aluminum or organic based plastics.
• Precious metals are selected from silver, gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium and ruthenium, preferred silver, palladium and gold.
• the main disadvantage of this formulation is the use of gold (III) complexes produced from tetrachloroaurate (III) complexes which comprise chloride ions.
• DE 10 2009 024 396 A1 discloses cyan-free, neutral or alkaline, aqueous electrolytes for the electroplating of gold or gold alloys comprising an anionic gold thiolate complex. Furthermore, DE 10 2009 024 396 A1 describes the addition of complexing agents, brighteners, surfactants and/or conducting salts.
• DE 10 2103 215476 B3 discloses cyan-free, acidic and aqueous electrolytes for the electroplating of silver-palladium alloys comprising a silver compound, a palladium compound, a tellurium or selenium compound, urea and/or at least one amino acids, and a sulfonic acid. Furthermore, DE 10 2103 215 476 B3 discloses a method for electroplating.
• CN 105316718 A discloses an electroplating liquid with a good dispersion capacity and covering capacity and an electroplating method for cyanide-free gold electroplating with sulfite.
• the electroplating liquid comprises gold chloride, a sulfite as coordination agent and an alkali metal mercaptopropionic sulfonate as auxiliary coordination agent.
• US 2016/0230287 A1 discloses a reductive electroless gold plating solution, comprising a water- soluble gold compound, citric acid or a citrate salt, ethylenediamintetratacetic acid (EDTA) or an ethylenediamine tetraacetate salt, hexamethylenetetramine, and a chain polyamine having an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms and 3 or more amino groups; and a method for electroless gold plating using the plating solution.
• Disadvantages of the disclosed plating solutions and methods for electroplating is the use of toxic substances or persistent substances. Thus, problems occur in the degradation of the plating solution after electroplating.
• DE 199 28 047 A1 discloses low-pollutant to pollutant-free and thus, environmentally compatible, aqueous solutions for electroplating of noble metals and noble metal alloys.
• the plating solutions comprise a gold and/or silver complex with amino acid derivatives and/or at least one water soluble sulfonic acid and/or at least one water soluble nitro compound.
• the plating solution comprise gold (III).
• the main disadvantage of the use of gold (III) comprising plating solutions is the considerably higher current demand in comparison to gold (I).
• the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative to cyanide based noble metal plating solutions and to provide noble metal plating solutions which are biologicaldegradable after metal plating.
• the object has been solved by a method for production of a noble metal salt preparation by membrane electrolysis comprising the steps a) Provision of an electrolytic cell comprising an anode comprising a noble metal and a cathode, wherein the anodic region and the cathodic region are separated by a membrane, b) Provision of at least one sulfonate solution in the anodic region,
• concentration of thiourea is 0.005 g/l to 200 g/l, preferred 10 g/l to 100 g/l, more preferred 35 g/l to 55 g/l.
• the term “noble metals” refers to metals that are resistant to corrosion and oxidation in moist air.
• the term “noble metals” relates to elements of the groups 8 to 10 according to the lUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry of 1989 with exception of the iron metals (Fe, Co and Ni).
• the term “noble metal” includes indium (In).
• the at least one noble metal is selected from gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium ( h), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru) or indium (In). More preferred the at least one noble metal is gold (Au).
• the membrane is a cation-exchange membrane or an anion-exchange membrane, more preferred the membrane is a cation-exchange membrane, preferable with a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer (like NafionTM).
• Sulfonate according to the invention is an alkyl sulfonate or an alkali or alkaline earth salt thereof, a sulfonamide or a sulfonimide.
• the sulfonate is an alkyl sulfonate, preferably a C1 - to C10-alkyl sulfonate.
• alky sulfonate refers to a linear, cyclic or aromatic organosulfonate.
• C1- to C10-alkyl refers to alkyl groups with 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the sulfonate is a methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate or an alkali or alkaline earth salt thereof.
• the concentration of the at least one sulfonate solution is 0.1 % (w/w) to20% (w/w).
• the sulfonate solution is an aqueous solution.
• Useful molar ratios of noble metal to thiourea lie between 10.000:1 to 1 :10, preferred 100:1 to 1 :5, more preferred 10:1 to 1 :2.
• the pH value of the at least one sulfonate solution is in the range between pH 1 and pH 8, preferably between pH 3 and pH 8.
• the anodic oxidation according to step c) is carried out with a current between 0.1 A and 500 A, preferred a current between 0.5 A and 50 A.
• the anodic oxidation according to step c) is carried out with a voltage between 0.1 V and 10 V.
• the at least one sulfonate solution further comprises at least one further complexing agent, preferably selected from chelating agents or organosulfur compounds, more preferably selected from methylglycinediacetic acid or ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) or an alkali or alkaline earth salt of these acids (e. g. TrilonTM M), methionine or cysteine.
• the term complexing agent refers to a compound which forms complexes with metal ions.
• chelating agent refers to a compound which forms chelates with metal ions.
• chelates refers to complexes with the presence of two or more separate coordinate bonds between a polydentate (multiple bonded) ligand and a single metal ion.
• the at least one chelating agent or organosulfur compound stabilizes the noble metal salt preparation.
• the at least one further complexing agent is biodegradable.
• biodegradable refers to compounds which break down under composting conditions, by bacteria, fungi or other biological means.
• the method for production of a noble metal salt preparation comprises at least one further step selected from precipitation, flocculation, complexation, oxidation and/or reduction.
• the method for production of a noble metal salt preparation further comprises a step after step c), wherein the further step is mixing at least two noble metal salt preparations.
• the method for production of a noble metal salt preparation further comprises a step after step c), wherein the further step is solvation or dilution of the noble metal salt preparation in an aqueous, organic or ionic solution.
• the present invention further comprises a noble metal salt preparation comprising at least one noble metal sulfonate and thiourea,
• the molar ratio of noble metal to thiourea is 10.000:1 to 1 :10, preferred 100:1 to 1 :5, more preferred 10:1 to 1 :2.
• the at least one noble metal sulfonate is preferably selected from gold (Au), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium ( h), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru) or indium (In) sulfonates.
• the at least one noble metal salt is a gold (Au) salt, more preferably a gold (I) (Au (I)) salt.
• the at least one noble metal sulfonate is preferably an alkyl sulfonate, more preferred a C1 - to C10-alkyl sulfonate.
• the at least one noble metal sulfonate is a methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate or an alkali or alkaline earth salt thereof.
• the noble metal salt preparation is an aqueous, organic or ionic solution with a concentration of the noble metal of 0.001 mol to 5 mol, preferably 0.01 mol to 0.5 mol.
• the concentration of the noble metal sulfonate in the preparation is 0.1 % (w/w) to 20% (w/w).
• the noble metal salt preparation is an aqueous solution with a pH value between pH 1 and pH 8, preferably between pH 3 and pH 8.
• the noble metal salt preparation comprises at least one further complexing agent, preferably selected from chelating agents or organosulfur compounds, more preferably selected from methylglycinediacetic acid or ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) or an alkali or alkaline earth salt of these acids (e. g. TrilonTM M), methionine or cysteine.
• chelating agents or organosulfur compounds more preferably selected from methylglycinediacetic acid or ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS) or an alkali or alkaline earth salt of these acids (e. g. TrilonTM M), methionine or cysteine.
• the stability of an aqueous solution of the noble metal salt preparation is at least some month, preferred at least some years.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention does not comprise cyanide. Further advantageously, the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention does not comprise halogen ions and/or resistant complexing agents. As used herein, the term “resistant” refers to non-biodegradable compounds.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention further comprises carboxylic acids.
• carboxylic acids refers to an organic compound with at least one carboxyl group and 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the carboxylic acid is a complexing agent and adjusts the pH value.
• carboxylic acids are selected from formic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, citric acid or salts thereof.
• salts of the carboxylic acids are selected from sodium acetate, sodium succinate or sodium citrate.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention further comprises an aldehyde, an alcohol, a ketone, an ether and/or an ester.
• the aldehyde, alcohol, ketone, ether and/or ester are complexing agents and surfactants (surface active agent).
• surface active substance refers to a compound, which lowers the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention further comprises a surfactant.
• the surfactant is selected from cationic, anionic, nonionic and betaine tensides, preferably the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention further comprises an amine, preferred a primary amine.
• the amine is a complexing agent and a buffer.
• the amine is selected from amino acids, ethylenediamine and ethylamine.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention is stable at temperatures between 0°C and 100°C.
• the present invention further comprises a plating solution comprising the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention.
• Another object of the invention is the use of a noble metal salt preparation according to the invention for surface coating by electroplating or electroless plating of a noble metal or metal alloy.
• electroplating refers to a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode.
• the surface coating with the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention noble metals are metals is resistant to corrosion and oxidation in moist air.
• the noble metal salt preparation according to the invention is biodegradable according to OECD criteria after surface coating of the noble metal (OECD 1992).
• the present invention further comprises a method for electroplating of a noble metal or metal alloy comprising the steps a) Provision of an electroplating bath comprising an anode, a cathode and a solution of at least one noble metal salt preparation according to the invention,
• the anode is an inert or soluble anode, preferred a mixed oxide anode or a noble metal anode.
• the anode is selected from ruthenium ( u), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au) or indium (In).
• the solution of at least one noble metal salt preparation has a metal contend of 0.001 mol to 0.25 mol, preferred 0.01 mol to 0.1 mol.
• the method for electroplating of a noble metal or metal alloy is carried out at a pH value between pH 1 and pH 8, preferred at a pH value between pH 2 and pH 6.
• the method for electroplating of a noble metal or metal alloy is carried out at a temperature between 0 °C and 100 °C.
• the method for electroplating of a noble metal or metal alloy is carried out with a current density between 0,1 A/dm 2 and 20 A/dm 2 .
• the method for electroplating is carried out by pulse-plating
• the method for electroplating of a metal alloy is carried out with a solution of at least one noble metal salt preparation according to the invention further comprising at least one noble metal or other metals.
• the at least one noble metal is selected from ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt) or gold (Au).
• the at least one other metal is selected from nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) or indium (In).
• the present invention further comprises a method for electroless plating of a noble metal comprising the steps a) Provision of a plating bath comprising a solution of a noble metal salt preparation according to the invention,
• the solution of a noble metal salt preparation has a metal contend of 0.001 mol to 0.25 mol, preferred 0.01 mol to 0.1 mol.
• the method for electroless plating of a noble metal is carried outat a pH value between pH 1 and pH 8, preferred at a pH value between pH 2 and pH 6.
• the method for electroless plating of a noble metal is carried out at a temperature between 0 °C and 100 °C, preferred at a temperature between 60 °C and 80 °C.
• the thickness of the layer of the at least one noble metal is 10 nm to 100 ⁇ , preferred 100 nm to 10 ⁇ .
• the layer of the at least one noble metal acts as soldering aid or anticorrosive coating.
• Fig. 1 shows a schema of the electrolytic cell comprising an anode comprising a noble metal and a cathode, wherein the anodic region and the cathodic region are separated by a membrane
• the electrolytic cell of Fig. 1 was used.
• the electrolytic cell comprises an anode comprising gold with a high surface, which is produced according to known procedures, in particular by the Wohlwill process (Gmelin 1974), and a cathode, wherein the anodic region and the cathodic region are separated by a membrane.
• the electrolyte is an alkyl sulfonic acid and thiourea.
• the electrolyte is an alkyl sulfonic acid.
• the anodic oxidation is carried out with direct current of 0.5 A, 1 A or 10 A.
• the membrane electrolysis is carried out at 25°C. Alternatively, the membrane electrolysis can be carried out at temperatures between 20°C and 80°C.
• the catholyte is mixed of 70% methane sulfonic acid and distilled water to a solution of 5% methane sulfonic acid.
• the anolyte comprises an aqueous solution of methane sulfonic acid (5%) with 20 g/l thiourea.
• Platinated titanium was used as cathode and the anode was pure gold from the Wohlwill process.
• the membrane between cathode and anode was a cation selective membrane from DuPont (Nafion).
• the anodic oxidation is carried out with direct current of 1 .0 A for two hours. Afterwards the anolyte contained 13.9 g gold as gold (I).
• the catholyte is mixed of 70% methane sulfonic acid and distilled water to a solution of 20% methane sulfonic acid.
• the anolyte comprises an aqueous solution of methane sulfonic acid (20%) with 40 g/l thiourea.
• Platinated titanium was used as cathode and the anode was pure gold from the Wohlwill process.
• the membrane between cathode and anode was a cation selective membrane from DuPont (Nafion).
• the anodic oxidation is carried out with direct current of 1 .0 Aforfive hours. Afterwards the anolyte contained 33.1 g gold as gold (I).
• the catholyte and anolyte are 100% methane sulfonic acid.
• Platinated titanium was used as cathode and the anode was pure gold from the Wohlwill process
• the membrane between cathode and anode was a cation selective membrane from DuPont (Nafion).
• the anodic oxidation is carried out with direct current of 0.5 A for four hours. Afterwards the anolyte contained 13.4 g gold as gold (I) and was diluted with distilled water with solved thiourea in a concentration of 20 g/l.
• the Au(l) methanesulfonate solution of example 1 was used for electroplating a nickel plated messing plate in a regular Hull Cell.
• the Au (I) plating solution comprised 2g/l Au (I), 5 g/l thiourea, 5 g/l sodium methanesulfonate and 5 ml of a 0,005 % solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After plating with 0,5 A/dm 2 for 5 min the cathodic nickel/messing plate was yellow by the gold plating.
• the Au(l) methanesulfonate solution of example 2 was used for electroless plating a nickel plated printed circuit board in a regular beaker.
• the Au (I) plating solution comprised 2g/l Au (I), 5 g/l thiourea, 2 g/l Trilon M and 5 ml 0,005 % solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate. After heating to 62 °C and plating for 5 min the printed circuit board was yellow by the gold plating.

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