WO2018214141A1 - 一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床 - Google Patents

一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018214141A1
WO2018214141A1 PCT/CN2017/086082 CN2017086082W WO2018214141A1 WO 2018214141 A1 WO2018214141 A1 WO 2018214141A1 CN 2017086082 W CN2017086082 W CN 2017086082W WO 2018214141 A1 WO2018214141 A1 WO 2018214141A1
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tool
path
compensation path
intersection
tool compensation
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PCT/CN2017/086082
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈晓颖
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深圳配天智能技术研究院有限公司
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Priority to CN201780091035.2A priority Critical patent/CN110799915B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/086082 priority patent/WO2018214141A1/zh
Publication of WO2018214141A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018214141A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/41Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by interpolation, e.g. the computation of intermediate points between programmed end points to define the path to be followed and the rate of travel along that path

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  • the application relates to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, and particularly relates to a method for compensating a tool path and a numerically controlled machine tool.
  • Tool radius compensation means that during NC machining programming, the calculated programming path does not take into account the radius of the tool itself, that is, the path is the contour of the workpiece, and in actual machining, the tool radius is set to the tool radius compensation.
  • the numerical control system calculates the tool radius compensation path after tool compensation according to the tool radius and the direction of compensation, and is referred to as the tool compensation path.
  • the workpiece is used to represent the rotation angle between two adjacent block instructions (from the opposite direction of the moving direction of the first block, the angle of rotation inside the workpiece to the moving direction of the second block), the rotation of the tool path
  • the connection type can be divided into three types according to the size of the rotation angle, that is, an elongated type, a shortened type, and an inserted type.
  • the above three transfer types need to be processed at the transfer.
  • the spiral extension type and the insert type tool radius compensation transfer calculation processing is relatively simple, it is necessary to insert a straight line or an arc along the tangential direction of the spiral at the transfer point as a part of the tool compensation path.
  • the calculated tool path is deviated from the actual path.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a tool path compensation method and a numerical control machine tool to solve the problem that the calculated tool compensation path and the actual path are deviated due to inaccurate calculation of the shortened tool compensation path.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a method for compensating a tool path, characterized in that the method includes:
  • a target tool compensation path according to the first position and the second tool compensation path, and a positional relationship between the second position and the first tool compensation path, wherein the target tool compensation path is a first tool compensation path Or the second knife complement path;
  • the second intersection point is a target intersection point of the first knife compensation path and the second tool compensation path;
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application further provides a numerical control machine tool including a mechanical part and a control part for controlling the mechanical part.
  • the embodiment of the present application is mainly used for a control part, and the control part includes a processor and a A processor-connected memory for storing instructions for executing the instructions to perform the following steps:
  • a target tool compensation path according to the first position and the second tool compensation path, and a positional relationship between the second position and the first tool compensation path, wherein the target tool compensation path is a first tool compensation path Or the second knife complement path;
  • a point is a target intersection of the first tool compensation path and the second tool compensation path;
  • Yet another aspect of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored therein program code that, when executed by a processor of a numerically controlled machine tool, causes the processor to perform the methods described in the various aspects above.
  • the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid state drive (SSD).
  • Yet another aspect of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when run on a numerically controlled machine tool, cause a processor of the numerically controlled machine tool to perform the methods described in the various aspects above.
  • the embodiment of the present application has the following advantages: in the embodiment of the present application, first, the transfer type is determined to be shortened, and after the tool radius compensation rule is calculated, the tool path of the two spiral lines is calculated, One of the tool-compensating paths is an iterative way of the target tool-compensating path, that is, a tangential line is intersected with another spiral line on one of the trajectories of the spiral knives, and another spiral line is connected with the intersection point, and the snail before the intersection The line is used as the new tangent point for the next iteration, and finally the intersection of the two tool-compensation paths is determined, so that the trajectory after the two spiral tool compensations can be calculated, that is, the tool path of the tool path. It can be seen that the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention can solve the problem that the calculated tool compensation path is deviated from the actual path due to the inaccurate calculation of the shortened tool compensation path.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an Archimedes spiral
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of left and right knife compensation
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a shortened tool offset path
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of an extended knife compensation path
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the insertion type knife compensation path
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 10 is a view showing an embodiment of a numerically controlled machine tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a tool path compensation method and a numerical control machine tool, and accurately determines a tool compensation path by determining the intersection point of the tool compensation path of the intersecting spiral of the programming path.
  • FIG. 1 is an Archimedes spiral. Schematically, while a point P moves in the ray direction at an equal rate, the ray rotates around the point O at an equiangular velocity, and the trajectory of the point P is called "Archimedean spiral".
  • the Archimedes spiral can save material and save energy consumption, it also has the characteristics of simple structure, safe and reliable work, convenient use and maintenance, etc., so the application in real life is still relatively good. Extensive. Therefore, in the machining process, there are often some special spirals that need to be processed. These curves are complicated by the complicated shape and high dimensional accuracy, which makes it difficult to program with small line segments. A numerical control system that directly supports the helical machining instructions makes this work convenient.
  • the general polar equation for the Archimedes spiral is:
  • the tool compensation radius In the NC machining programming, since there may be many tools included in the same CNC machine system, the way to calculate the tool machining path is not to consider the tool radius, but in actual machining.
  • the CNC calculates the path after the tool compensation according to the tool radius and the direction of compensation. path.
  • the tool radius compensation can also be referred to as tool compensation in the embodiment of the present application. Since the tool adopts a fixed radius, and the numerical control system actually calculates the path of the tool center, the tool center must offset a tool radius value to the inside of the part during the inner contour machining; the tool center must be used for the outer contour machining.
  • a tool radius value to the outside of the part; according to the ISO standard, when the tool center path is on the right side of the advancing direction of the programmed path (part contour), it is called right tool compensation, which is implemented by G42 command; otherwise, it is called left tool compensation. It is realized by G41 command, as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of left and right tool compensation.
  • the workpiece is used to represent the rotation angle between two adjacent block instructions (from the opposite direction of the moving direction of the first block, the angle of rotation inside the workpiece to the moving direction of the second block), the tool radius compensation path
  • the transfer type can be divided into three types according to the size of the rotation angle, an elongated type, a shortened type, and an inserted type. The following is introduced separately.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shortened tool radius compensation path; wherein, it can be seen that the tool is cut along the inner side of the workpiece, that is, the magnitude of the rotation angle between two adjacent block instructions is 180° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 360°, in this case, it can be seen from Fig. 3 that the tool radius compensation path is shorter than the programmed path with respect to the contour of the workpiece, ie the programmed path.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the extended tool radius compensation path; wherein, it can be seen that the tool is cut along the outer edge of the workpiece, that is, the size of the adjacent two block instructions according to the rotation angle is 90. ° ⁇ 180°, in this case, it can be seen from Fig. 4 that the tool radius compensation path is larger than the programmed path with respect to the contour of the workpiece, ie the programmed path.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the insertion tool radius compensation path; wherein, it can be seen that the tool is cut along the outer edge of the workpiece, and the size between the adjacent two block instructions is 0° according to the rotation angle. ⁇ 90°, in this case, the tool radius compensation path is larger than the programmed path with respect to the contour of the workpiece, that is, the programmed path, and the larger portion corresponds to the insertion of a segment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for compensating a tool path, which accurately calculates an intersection point after the two spiral cutters are complemented by an iterative method.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method may include:
  • step 602 is performed, and if not, step X is performed.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein two spirals are used to determine the transfer type of the two connected spirals.
  • the intersection point is P
  • the centers of the two spirals are O 1 and O 2 respectively
  • the knife compensation direction is the left knife compensation as an example.
  • the tool compensation direction is the left tool offset, it can be considered that the tool compensation direction is a direction vector that is perpendicular to the machining plane.
  • the left knife compensation is viewed from the direction of the human eye and compensated on the left side of the program moving direction. Taking P point as an example, the compensation vector is P' is the tool position after P point compensation.
  • Set the tool compensation direction unit vector to The tangential direction unit vector at the end of the first block is Vector can be obtain.
  • the tangential direction vector of the first program moving direction at the intersection point P of the two spirals Set the tool compensation direction vector to according to Obtain the tool offset vector of point P, and its unit direction vector is
  • the transfer type is shortened; if and Then the transfer type is elongated, otherwise it is insert type.
  • the tool compensation direction is a direction vector perpendicular to the inward direction of the processing plane, and the determination step is similar to the above steps, and details are not described herein again.
  • the tool radius is R.
  • the position of the tool P' after the tool compensation is calculated as follows:
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein P point is a connection point of two spiral lines, and O 1 and O 2 are respectively a first spiral line and a first The center of the two spirals, P 1 and P 2 are the positions of the P point after the first spiral and the second spiral, respectively, assuming P' is the intersection of the paths of the two spirals, the tool radius For R.
  • point P 1 is also inside (because point P 1 is on a circle centered on point P, this circle is outside the second spiral, and there is only one Cut point P 2 ). Therefore, it is only necessary to judge whether the P point is inside or outside the second spiral.
  • the target tool compensation path may be determined:
  • the first knife Any one of the complement path and the second tool offset path can be used as the target tool path; if P 1 is outside the second tool path and P 2 is inside the first tool path, the second tool path is the target tool. If the P 1 point is inside the second tool offset path and the P 2 point is outside the first tool compensation path, the first tool offset path is the target tool compensation path.
  • the iterative process can be started to calculate the intersection of the two tool compensation paths.
  • the first tool offset path is taken as an example of the tool path.
  • the first tool compensation path is the target tool compensation path
  • first it is determined that the intersection of the tangent line of the first position on the first tool compensation path and the second tool compensation path is the first intersection point, and the first position is determined by the previous step.
  • the first position from which the tangent of the first tool-compensating path is drawn, the tangent intersects with the second tool-compensating path, and the intersection is recorded as the first intersection.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method for compensating a tool path according to an embodiment of the present application, where the first tool offset is performed at the initial tangent point (as shown in FIG. 2 , the first position). The tangent of the path. The tangent intersects the second tool offset path, which is denoted Q 1 (ie the first intersection).
  • connection between the first intersection point and the second intersection point is not greater than a preset length threshold, determine that the second intersection point is a target intersection point of the first tool compensation path and the second tool compensation path.
  • the change determines the length of the connection between the first intersection and the second intersection, that is, the length of Q 1 M 1 is determined, and if the length is greater than the preset length threshold, then the Taking M 1 as the first position, steps 605 and 606 are repeated to calculate a new second intersection until the determined length of Q 1 M 1 is not greater than a preset length threshold, ie,
  • the tool compensation path of the tool path after the first tool compensation path and the second tool compensation path are combined can be calculated according to the position of the intersection point.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of an embodiment of a numerical control machine tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the numerical control machine tool comprises a mechanical part 10 and a control part 11, wherein the control part comprises a processor 1101, a memory 1102 connected to the processor, the memory is used for storing instructions,
  • the processor 1101 is configured to execute the instructions to perform the following steps:
  • a target tool compensation path according to the first position and the second tool compensation path, and a positional relationship between the second position and the first tool compensation path, wherein the target tool compensation path is a first tool compensation path Or the second knife complement path;
  • the second intersection point is a target intersection point of the first knife compensation path and the second tool compensation path;
  • the processor 1101 executes the program in the memory 1102 to implement steps 601 to 608 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • connection between the first intersection and the second intersection further has a length greater than a length threshold, that is, when the connection between the first intersection and the second intersection is greater than a preset length threshold, the processor 1101 further executes the program. Instructions to perform the following steps:
  • Determining that an intersection of a tangent to the second intersection position on the first tool offset path and the second tool compensation path is a third intersection.
  • the processor 1101 further executes the following steps by executing program instructions:
  • Determining that the intersection of the line connecting the third intersection and the center of the second tool offset path with the first tool compensation path is a fourth intersection
  • the processor 1101 further executes the following steps by executing program instructions:
  • Determining the fourth intersection when the connection between the third intersection and the fourth intersection is not greater than a preset length threshold The point is a target intersection of the first tool compensation path and the second tool compensation path.
  • the processor 1101 further executes the following steps by executing program instructions:
  • the processor 1101 further executes the following steps by executing program instructions:
  • the target tool compensation path is the first tool compensation path. Or the second knife path; or,
  • the target tool compensation path is the first tool compensation path. Or the second knife complement path.
  • the processor 1101 further executes the following steps by executing program instructions:
  • the target tool compensation path is the second tool compensation path.
  • the target tool compensation path is the first tool compensation path.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit. It can be electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • a computer readable storage medium A number of instructions are included to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床,方法包括,计算第一刀补路径和第二刀补路径(602);确定第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置(603);确定目标刀补路径(604);确定第一交点(605);确定第二交点(606);当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点(607);根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径(608)。其中,以一条螺线刀补后的轨迹上做切线与另外一条螺线相交,并连接另外一条螺线与这个交点,交之前的螺线于另外一点作为新的切点进行下一次迭代,最终确定两条刀补路径的交点,从而能够计算出两条螺线刀补后的轨迹,即刀具路径的刀补路径。

Description

一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床 技术领域
本申请涉及数控机床技术领域,具体涉及一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床。
背景技术
刀具半径补偿是指在数控加工编程时,计算出的编程路径是不考虑刀具本身半径的大小的,即该路径为工件的轮廓,而在实际加工时,再将刀具半径大小设置到刀具半径补偿存储器中,由数控系统根据刀具半径大小和补偿的方向计算进行刀具补偿之后的刀具半径补偿路径,后续简称刀补路径。
利用工件来表示相邻两个程序段指令之间的旋转角度(从第一条程序段移动方向的反方向,在工件内部旋转到第二条程序段移动方向的角度),刀补路径的转接类型可以根据该旋转夹角的大小,分为三种类型,即伸长型,缩短型和插入型。
刀具路径的计算除了根据刀具半径和补偿方向计算按照刀补矢量平移之后的曲线路径之外,还需要在转接处对以上三种转接类型进行处理。对于螺线的伸长型和插入型的刀具半径补偿转接计算处理相对比较简单,需要在转接处沿螺线切线方向插入直线或圆弧作为刀补路径的一部分即可。但是对于缩短型转接,由于难以精确确定出螺线或者是其他曲线按照刀补矢量平移之后路径的交点,使得计算出的刀补路径与实际路径有偏差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床来解决现有对于缩短型刀补路径计算不准确导致计算出的刀补路径与实际路径有偏差的问题。
有鉴于此,本申请第一方面提供一种刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
当确定刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型为缩短型时,计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二刀补路径;
确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置;
根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;
当确定第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,确定第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点;
确定第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点;
当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点;
根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径。
本申请实施例第二方面还提供一种数控机床,该数控机床包括机械部和控制所述机械部的控制部,本申请实施例主要用于控制部,所述控制部包括处理器、与所述处理器连接的存储器,该存储器用于存储指令,该处理器用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
当确定刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型为缩短型时,计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二刀补路径;
确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置;
根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;
当确定第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,确定第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点;
确定第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点;
当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交 点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点;
根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径。
本申请又一方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,该存储介质中存储了程序代码,该程序代码被数控机床的处理器运行时,使得处理器执行上述各方面所述的方法。该存储介质包括但不限于快闪存储器(flash memory),硬盘(hard disk drive,简称HDD)或固态硬盘(solid state drive,简称SSD)。
本申请的又一方面提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在数控机床上运行时,使得数控机床的处理器执行上述各方面所述的方法。
从以上技术方案可以看出,本申请实施例具有以下优点:本申请实施例中,首先确定转接类型为缩短型,通过刀具半径补偿规则计算出两条螺线的刀补路径后,便可以其中一条刀补路径作为目标刀补路径进行迭代的方式,即在其中一条螺线刀补后的轨迹上做切线与另外一条螺线相交,并连接另外一条螺线与这个交点,交之前的螺线于另外一点作为新的切点进行下一次迭代,最终确定两条刀补路径的交点,从而能够计算出两条螺线刀补后的轨迹,即刀具路径的刀补路径。由此可见,实施本发明实施例能够解决现有对于缩短型刀补路径计算不准确导致计算出的刀补路径与实际路径有偏差的问题。
附图说明
图1是阿基米德螺线示意图;
图2是左刀补和右刀补的示意图;
图3是缩短型刀补路径的示意图;
图4是伸长型刀补偿路径的示意图;
图5是插入型刀补偿路径的示意图;
图6是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图;
图7是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图;
图8是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图;
图9是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图;
图10是本申请实施例的数控机床的一个实施例图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种刀具路径的补偿方法及数控机床,通过对编程路径的相交螺线的刀补路径交点的确定,从而准确计算刀补路径。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
以下分别进行详细说明。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的内容以外的顺序实施。
首先对本申请实施例的中螺线进行介绍,该螺线为阿基米德螺线,也称之为“等速螺线”,具体的可参阅图1,图1是阿基米德螺线示意图,当一点P以等速率沿射线方向运动的同时,该射线又以等角速度绕点O旋转,点P的轨迹称为“阿基米德螺线”。在各种曲线中,由于阿基米德螺线能起到节省材料,节约能量消耗的作用,同时还具有结构简单,工作安全可靠,使用维修方便等特点,所以在实际生活中的应用还是比较广泛的。因此在机械加工中常会有一些特殊的螺线需要加工,这些曲线因为外形复杂,尺寸精度要求高,使得用小线段编程的方式变得困难。直接支持螺线加工指令的数控系统使这一工作变得方便。阿基米德螺线的一般极坐标方程式为:
r=r0+kθ
笛卡尔坐标系方程式为:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000001
其次,是刀具补偿半径,在数控加工编程时,由于同一数控机床系统中包含的刀具可能会有很多,因此在计算刀具加工路径时,采用的方式是不考虑刀具半径的大小,而在实际加工时,将刀具半径大小设置到刀具半径补偿存储器中,而数控系统根据刀具半径大小和补偿的方向计算进行刀具补偿之后的路 径。刀具半径补偿在本申请实施例中也可简称刀补。由于刀具采用固定的半径,而数控系统实际计算的是刀具中心的轨迹,在进行内轮廓加工时,刀具中心必须向零件的内侧偏移一个刀具半径值;在进行外轮廓加工时,刀具中心必须向零件的外侧偏移一个刀具半径值;根据ISO标准,当刀具中心轨迹在编程轨迹(零件轮廓)前进方向的右边时,称为右刀补,用G42指令实现;反之称为左刀补,用G41指令实现,如图2所示,图2是左刀补和右刀补的示意图。
利用工件来表示相邻两个程序段指令之间的旋转角度(从第一条程序段移动方向的反方向,在工件内部旋转到第二条程序段移动方向的角度),刀具半径补偿路径的转接类型可以根据该旋转角度的大小,分为三种类型,伸长型,缩短型和插入型。下面分别进行介绍,
请参阅图3,图3是缩短型刀具半径补偿路径的示意图;其中,可以看出刀具是沿工件的内边进行切削,即相邻两个程序段指令之间的根据该旋转角度的大小为180°<α<360°,此情形下,从图3中可以看出,相对于工件的轮廓,即编程路径来说,刀具半径补偿路径是短于该编程路径的。
请参阅图4,图4是伸长型刀具半径补偿路径的示意图;其中,可以看出刀具是沿工件的外边进行切削,即相邻两个程序段指令之间的根据该旋转角度的大小90°<α<180°,此情形下,从图4中可以看出,相对于工件的轮廓,即编程路径来说,刀具半径补偿路径是大于该编程路径的。
请参阅图5,图5是插入型刀具半径补偿路径的示意图;其中,可以看出刀具是沿工件的外边进行切削,且相邻两个程序段指令之间的根据该旋转角度的大小0°<α<90°,此情形下,相对于工件的轮廓,即编程路径来说,刀具半径补偿路径是大于该编程路径的,并且大于的部分相当于插入一段路径。
可以看出,刀具路径的计算除了根据刀具半径和补偿方向计算按照刀补矢量平移之后的曲线路径之外,还需要在转接处对以上三种转接类型进行处理。对于螺线的伸长型和插入型的刀具半径补偿转接计算处理相对比较简单,需要在转接处沿螺线切线方向插入直线或圆弧即可,但是对于缩短型转接,必须要求螺线和其他曲线(包括螺线)按照刀补矢量平移之后路径的交点,才可以准确的计算出缩短型的刀补路径。
鉴于此,本申请实施例提供一种刀具路径的补偿方法,通过迭代方式准确计算两条螺线刀补之后的交点。
请参阅图6,图6是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图,该方法可包括:
601、刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型是否为缩短型,若是,则执行步骤602、若否,则执行步骤X。
其中,判断两条相连接的螺线的转接类型可以采用如下方式,请参阅图7,图7是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图,其中,两条螺线的交点为P,两条螺线的中心分别是O1和O2,以刀补方向为左刀补为例。
由于刀具补偿方向为左刀补,可以视为刀补方向为垂直于加工平面向外的方向向量。左刀补即从人眼视线方向看,在沿程序移动方向的左边进行补偿。以P点为例,补偿矢量为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000002
P'即为P点补偿后的刀具位置。设刀补方向单位矢量为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000003
第一条程序段终点处切线方向单位矢量为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000004
的矢量可以由
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000005
获得。
对于两条螺线是哪种转接类型的判断步骤如下:
在两条螺线的交接点P处作第一条程序移动方向的切线方向矢量
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000006
设刀补方向矢量为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000007
根据
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000008
获得P点的刀补矢量,其单位方向矢量为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000009
在P点处作第二条程序移动方向的切线方向矢量
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000010
如果
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000011
则转接类型为缩短型;如果
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000012
并且
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000013
则转接类型为伸长型,否则为插入型。
需要说明的是,对于右刀补方式,其刀补方向为垂直于加工平面向里的方向向量,判断步骤与上述步骤类似,此处不再赘述。
602、计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二刀补路径。
对于中心为O的螺线,极坐标公式为:r=r0+kθ。
将螺线起点处沿中心指向起点的单位方向矢量设为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000014
螺线旋转的法向量设为
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000015
设单位向量
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000016
则螺线在笛卡尔坐标系下的方程为:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000017
θ=0时为起点位置。
刀具半径为R,对于螺线上的任意一点P,其刀补后的位置P'计算步骤如下:
先计算过点P的切线
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000018
单位方向矢量为:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000020
该公式1可以化成:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000021
此时,P点刀补后的偏置矢量:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000022
P点刀补后的位置:
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000023
即为螺线刀补后的路径在笛卡尔坐标系下的方程。
603、确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置。
其中,第一位置和第二位置,可参照步骤602中P点刀补后的偏置矢量和位置的说明,此处不再赘述。
604、根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径。
其中,在确定了第一位置、第二位置后、第一刀补路径和第二刀补路径后, 即可对目标刀补路径进行确定,该目标刀补路径是用于后续进行迭代计算交点的刀补路径。请参阅图8,图8是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图,其中,P点为两条螺线的连接点,O1,O2分别为第一螺线和第二螺线的中心,P1,P2分别为P点在第一螺线和第二螺线上刀补后的位置,假设P'为两条螺线的刀补后路径的交点,刀具半径为R。
首先判断P1,P2分别在对方螺线刀补后轨迹的内部还是外部,即弧线P'P1在第二螺线刀补后的第二刀补路径的一圈内部还是外部,以及弧线P'P2在以O1为第一螺线刀补后的第一刀补路径的一圈内部还是外部。
判断弧线P'P1在第二刀补路径的内部还是外部:
如果P点在第二刀补路径的外部,则P1点也在其内部(因为P1点是在以P点为圆心的圆上,这个圆在第二螺线外部,且两者只有一个切点P2)。所以只需要判断P点在第二螺线的内部还是外部。
如果
Figure PCTCN2017086082-appb-000024
则P1点在第二刀补路径外部;否则P1点在第二刀补路径内部。
同理可判断判断弧线P'P2在第一刀补路径的内部还是外部。
在判断完第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系后,即可对目标刀补路径进行确定:
如果P1点在第二刀补路径外部,且P2点在第一刀补路径外部或者P1点在第二刀补路径内部,且P2点在第一刀补路径内部,第一刀补路径和第二刀补路径任意一条都可以作为目标刀补路径;如果P1点在第二刀补路径外部,P2点在第一刀补路径内部,则第二刀补路径为目标刀补路径;如果P1点在第二刀补路径内部,P2点在第一刀补路径外部,则第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径。
在完成目标刀补路径的确定后,即可开始迭代过程,以计算出两条刀补路径的交点。下面进行说明,以第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径为例。
605、当确定第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,确定第一刀补路径上第一 位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点。
其中,第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,首先会确定第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点,该第一位置即之前步骤确定的第一位置,从该位置引第一刀补路径的切线,该切线会与第二刀补路径相交,记该交点为第一交点。
例如,请参阅图9,图9是本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法的一个实施例图,在起始切点(如图为P2点,即第一位置)上做第一刀补路径的切线。该切线会与第二刀补路径相交,该点记为Q1(即第一交点)。
606、确定第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点。
接着,连接第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心,即连接Q1和O1,Q1O1交第一刀补路径于第二交点(即图中M1)。
607、当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点。
在确定出了第二交点后,变化将第一交点与第二交点的连线的长度进行判断,即对Q1M1的长度进行判断,若该长度大于预设的长度阈值时,则重新以M1作为第一位置,重复步骤605和606计算出新的第二交点,直到确定出的Q1M1的长度不大于预设的长度阈值时,即|Q1M1|<err时,才确定M1为两条刀补路径的交点。其中,err为判断点是否收敛的允许误差值,也即预设的长度阈值,Q1M1在两条刀补路径有交点的情况下,会随着迭代的次数的增加而减小,迭代过程中收敛,而若是不收敛时,则两条刀补路径没有交点。
608、根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径。
在完成第一刀补路径和第二刀补路径的交点的计算后,即可根据该交点的位置,计算出第一刀补路径和第二刀补路径结合后的刀具路径的刀补路径。
上面对本申请实施例的刀具路径的补偿方法进行了介绍,下面对采用此方法的数控机床进行介绍。请参阅图10,图10是本申请实施例的数控机床的一个实施例图。其中,该数控机床包括机械部10和控制部11,其中控制部包括处理器1101、与所述处理器连接的存储器1102,该存储器用于存储指令,该 处理器1101用于执行所述指令以执行下述步骤:
当确定刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型为缩短型时,计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二刀补路径;
接着,确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置;
根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;
当确定第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,确定第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点;
确定第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点;
当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点;
根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径。
其中,处理器1101执行存储器1102中的程序能实现图6所示实施例中的步骤601至步骤608。
可选的,第一交点与第二交点的连线还具有大于长度阈值的情形,即当第一交点与第二交点的连线大于预设的长度阈值时,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
确定第一刀补路径上所述第二交点位置的切线与所述第二刀补路径的交点为第三交点。
可选的,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
确定第三交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第四交点;
可选的,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
当第三交点与第四交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第四交 点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点。
其中,其中上述处理过程具体功能可参见图6所示实施例,此处不再赘述。
可选的,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
若所述第三交点与第四交点的连线的长度大于所述第一交点与第二交点的连线的长度时,确定所述第一刀补路径与所述第二刀补路径之间无交点。
可选的,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;或,
若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径。
其中,上述过程的处理具体功能可参见图6所示实施例,此处不再赘述。
可选的,该处理器1101还通过执行程序指令以执行下述步骤:
若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第二刀补路径;或,
若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径。
其中,该处理过程具体功能可参见图6所示实施例,此处不再赘述。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的系统,装置和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的系统,装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接, 可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述,以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    当确定刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型为缩短型时,计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二刀补路径;
    确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在所述第一刀补路径上的第一位置和所述第二刀补路径上的第二位置;
    根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为所述第一刀补路径或者所述第二刀补路径;
    当确定所述第一刀补路径为所述目标刀补路径时,确定所述第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与所述第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点;
    确定所述第一交点与所述第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与所述第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点;
    当所述第一交点与所述第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点;
    根据所述目标交点计算所述刀具路径的刀补路径。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    当所述第一交点与所述第二交点的连线大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第一刀补路径上所述第二交点位置的切线与所述第二刀补路径的交点为第三交点。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    确定所述第三交点与所述第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与所述第一刀补路径的交点为第四交点。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述方法还包括。
    当所述第三交点与所述第四交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第四交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    若所述第三交点与所述第四交点的连线的长度大于所述第一交点与所述第二交点的连线的长度时,确定所述第一刀补路径与所述第二刀补路径之间无交点。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径包括:
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;或,
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀具路径的补偿方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径包括:
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第二刀补路径;或,
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径。
  8. 一种数控机床,其特征在于,所述数控机床包括机械部和控制所述机械部的控制部,所述控制部包括处理器、与所述处理器连接的存储器,该存储器用于存储指令,该处理器用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    当确定刀具路径上相连接的第一螺线和第二螺线的转接类型为缩短型时,计算所述第一连接螺线对应的第一刀补路径和所述第二连接螺线对应的第二 刀补路径;
    确定所述第一螺线和所述第二螺线之间的连接点在第一刀补路径上的第一位置和第二刀补路径上的第二位置;
    根据所述第一位置与所述第二刀补路径,以及所述第二位置与所述第一刀补路径的位置关系确定目标刀补路径,所述目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;
    当确定第一刀补路径为目标刀补路径时,确定第一刀补路径上第一位置的切线与第二刀补路径的交点为第一交点;
    确定第一交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第二交点;
    当第一交点与第二交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第二交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点;
    根据所述目标交点计算刀具路径的刀补路径。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的数控机床,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    当第一交点与第二交点的连线大于预设的长度阈值时,确定第一刀补路径上所述第二交点位置的切线与所述第二刀补路径的交点为第三交点。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的数控机床,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    确定第三交点与第二刀补路径的圆心的连线与第一刀补路径的交点为第四交点。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的数控机床,其特征在于,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    当第三交点与第四交点的连线不大于预设的长度阈值时,确定所述第四交点为所述第一刀补路径和所述第二刀补路径的目标交点。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的数控机床,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    若所述第三交点与第四交点的连线的长度大于所述第一交点与第二交点 的连线的长度时,确定所述第一刀补路径与所述第二刀补路径之间无交点。
  13. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的数控机床,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径;或,
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径或者第二刀补路径。
  14. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的数控机床,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行所述指令以执行如下步骤:
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的外部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的内部时,则目标刀补路径为第二刀补路径;或,
    若所述第一位置位于所述第二刀补路径所在圆的内部,且所述第二位置位于所述第一刀补路径所在圆的外部时,则目标刀补路径为第一刀补路径。
  15. 一种计算机可读存储介质,该存储介质中存储了程序代码,该程序代码被数控机床的处理器运行时,使得数控机床执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的刀具路径的补偿方法。
  16. 一种计算机程序产品,当其在数控机床上运行时,使得数控机床的处理器执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的刀具路径的补偿方法。
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