WO2018196288A1 - 一种可提高打印效率的3d打印设备及其3d打印方法 - Google Patents

一种可提高打印效率的3d打印设备及其3d打印方法 Download PDF

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WO2018196288A1
WO2018196288A1 PCT/CN2017/105575 CN2017105575W WO2018196288A1 WO 2018196288 A1 WO2018196288 A1 WO 2018196288A1 CN 2017105575 W CN2017105575 W CN 2017105575W WO 2018196288 A1 WO2018196288 A1 WO 2018196288A1
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printing
area
print
powder
spreading
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PCT/CN2017/105575
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭凡
刘轶
周志军
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宁夏迪艾投资合伙企业（有限合伙）
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Publication of WO2018196288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196288A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing

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  • the present invention relates to the field of 3D printing technologies, and in particular, to a 3D printing device capable of improving printing efficiency and a 3D printing method thereof.
  • the 3DP molding method is a typical powder (or granule) material 3D printing technique, which was first proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1989 in US Pat. No. 5,020,055, A1.
  • the specific process of the method is to firstly spread a layer of powder on the platform, and the print head scans and sprays a liquid material in a specific area, so that the powder at the spraying portion is bonded together, and then the printing platform drops the corresponding layer thickness. For the distance, repeat the above steps until the powder-printing work for all layers is completed.
  • the powder 3D printing apparatus based on the above technology is generally characterized in that the powdering and printing are performed in steps, and there is a waiting time, so that the single-layer spreading printing cycle is long, thereby causing the printing efficiency of the device to be greatly limited. . If you want to improve efficiency, you can only achieve this by increasing the printing area, increasing the speed of printing and printing, increasing the width of the print head, etc. However, increasing the printing area in the above method will increase the manufacturing difficulty of the entire device, or even impossible to implement; Powder and print speeds are difficult to increase after reaching a certain value; increasing the width of the print head will greatly increase the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the device and increase the control difficulty. The above method can only improve the printing efficiency of the device in a small amount, and is far from meeting the requirements of the industrialization and application of the powder 3D printing technology.
  • the dusting device and the print head are set to move in the same direction, and the width of the print head is required to be set to be the same as the effective spreading width of the spreading device.
  • the implementation width can only be controlled within 1 meter, which will seriously restrict the effective print size, and the printing efficiency is low.
  • the present invention is directed to the problem of low printing efficiency caused by the mismatch between the speed of the print head and the powder spreading device existing in the 3D printing molding method in the prior art, and provides a 3D printing device capable of improving printing efficiency through specific printing.
  • the direction, the direction of the powdering and the setting of the multi-printing area avoid the stoppage of the print head to improve the printing efficiency of the 3D printing device.
  • the object of the present invention is to realize a 3D printing apparatus capable of improving printing efficiency, comprising a print head and a plurality of independently operable spreading devices, each of which has a printing area corresponding to each printing area.
  • the powder spreading device Arranging sequentially in a straight line direction, and each printing area is respectively provided with a worktable for independently controlling lifting, the powder spreading device can be used for two-way powder-laying, and the two-way powder-laying direction of the powder-spreading device is perpendicular to the linear direction of the printing area arrangement;
  • the printing head has a printing direction perpendicular to the spreading direction, and the printing head is movable in the spreading direction to realize line feed reciprocal printing.
  • the 3D printing device of the present invention is provided with a print head and a plurality of powder spreading devices, each of which separately separates the individual print areas, and one print head prints the plurality of print areas to realize the print heads. And the speed of the powder laying device, the powder laying order of each powder laying device and the printing order of the printing head are reasonably arranged, the continuous printing of the printing head is not stopped, the waiting time is eliminated, thereby greatly improving the printing efficiency of the device and reducing the printing cost.
  • the printing area is a rectangle
  • the linear direction of each printing area along the printing table is the length direction of the printing area
  • the direction perpendicular to the length direction is the width direction of the printing area
  • the paving direction of the spreading device is consistent with the width direction of the printing area, and the effective spreading width of the spreading device is equal to the length of the corresponding printing area; the length of the printing head along the spreading direction is greater than or equal to the printing area Half the width.
  • the powder-laying direction and the printing direction are performed vertically, and the print head is printed back and forth along the longitudinal direction of each print area, and each of the powder-spreading devices is powdered and moved from one side to the other along the powder-laying direction.
  • the gap between the print areas is greater than the width of the print head in the print direction to facilitate the temporary pause of the print head between any adjacent print areas.
  • the spreading device In order to ensure that the printing device stops waiting, the printing position of the printing head is not occupied, and the spreading device is respectively provided with stop positions on both sides of the printing area width direction, and when the spreading device is in the stop position, the vertical projection is located On the outside of the printing area, the spreading device moves from one stop position and lays powder to the stop position on the other side to complete the layering of the powder, and can pause at the corresponding stop position or continue to return and simultaneously proceed to the next layer. Paving.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing 3D printing using the above 3D printing device, including the following process:
  • the print head starts from the initial position and prints sequentially above the laid bottom powder along the arrangement direction of the print area.
  • the print head moves along the width of the print area to another
  • the remaining portions of each print area are sequentially printed in the opposite direction of a portion of the unprinted area, and each time a complete print of one layer of the print area is completed, the corresponding powder spreading device starts to stop from its stop position to another stop.
  • the bit moves and is powdered to another stop position to pause; when the print head reversely prints over the 1# print area and completes the printing of the 1# print area corresponding to the print head, the print head moves to the positive direction along the width of the print area.
  • Printing continues from the 1# print area on the other side of the unprinted area on the other side until the print head prints to the initial position to complete the printing of a powder layer, and each of the powder spreading devices successively proceeds to the next printed area.
  • the layer is laid, and the print head continues to continue printing to the next printing area for the next layer of printing and circulating the powder until the products of each printing area are completed. print.
  • the printing direction and the spreading direction are perpendicular to the device, and each of the spreading devices can independently perform the powdering of the respective regions.
  • the space above the printing area is not occupied.
  • the printing speed of the printing head in the printing direction and the spreading device should be such that the print head prints from the starting position to the side of the 1# printing area in the printing direction to the other side and then moves to the top of the remaining unprinted area of the 1# printing area to complete the 1# printing area.
  • the powder spreading device finishes at least one layer of the corresponding printing area and stops at the stop position.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a 3D printing apparatus of the invention which can improve printing efficiency.
  • FIG. 2 is an initial state diagram of a 3D printing apparatus of the present invention before printing.
  • Figure 3 is one of the state diagrams in the 3D printing process of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a second state diagram of the 3D printing process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a third state diagram of the 3D printing process of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a fourth state diagram of the 3D printing process of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a fifth diagram of the state diagram in the 3D printing process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a 3D printing device capable of improving printing efficiency according to the present invention, comprising a print head 1 and a plurality of independently operable powder spreading devices 2, each of which corresponds to a printing area 3, Each printing area 3 is sequentially arranged in a straight line direction, and each printing area 3 is respectively provided with a table for independently controlling lifting, each of the spreading devices 2 can be independently and independently bidirectionally paved, and the two-way spreading direction and printing of the spreading device 2
  • the straight line direction of the area 3 is vertical; the printing direction of the print head 1 is perpendicular to the direction of the powder spreading, and at the same time, the print head 1 can be moved in the direction of the powder spreading to realize the line-feed round-trip printing.
  • each printing area 3 of the present invention is generally rectangular, and the linear direction of each printing area 3 along the printing table is the length direction of the printing area 3, and the direction perpendicular to the length direction is printing.
  • the width direction of the region 3; the powder spreading direction of each of the spreading devices 2 coincides with the width direction of the printing region 3, and the effective spreading width of the spreading device 2 is equal to the length of the corresponding printing region 3, and the powder spreading device 2 can be realized.
  • the length L1 of the printing head 1 along the spreading direction is greater than or equal to half of the width of the printing area, so that the printing head can be changed once, that is, once and again, the printing of one layer of the powder layer can be completed.
  • the gap between the print areas is greater than the width of the print head 1 in the print direction to facilitate the temporary pause of the print head between any adjacent print areas 3. files.
  • the printing position of the printing head is not occupied, and the powder discharging device 2 is respectively provided with stop positions on both sides in the width direction of the printing area.
  • the spreading device 2 is in the stop position, the vertical projection is located in the printing area.
  • the spreading device moves from one stop position and lays powder to the stop position on the other side to complete the layering of the powder. It can be paused at the corresponding stop position or continue to return while the next layer of the powder is laid.
  • the 3D printing apparatus of the present invention is provided with a print head and a plurality of powder spreading devices, each of which separately separates the individual print areas, and one print head prints the plurality of print areas, according to the print head and
  • the speed of the powder spreading device is reasonably configured to arrange the powdering sequence of each powder laying device and the printing order of the printing head, so that the continuous printing of the printing head can be stopped without stopping the waiting time, thereby greatly improving the printing efficiency of the device and reducing the printing cost.
  • the print head stops at a neutral position between any adjacent print areas and is close to one side in the width direction of the print area; in this embodiment, the print head initial position is at 1# print In the neutral position between the area and the 2# printing area; when starting printing, firstly layer a certain thickness of the bottom layer in each printing area, at this time, the print head is suspended at the initial position, and each of the spreading devices is Starting from the initial position, reciprocating from one side to the other side and layering several layers of bottom powder layer by layer to the corresponding printing area during the moving process. After the laying of the bottom layer powder, each of the spreading devices suspends the stop position at the respective initial positions.
  • the print head starts from the initial position and prints sequentially on the laid bottom powder along the arrangement direction of the printing area, that is, when the print head sequentially prints from the 2# print area to the end of the N# print area, as shown in FIG.
  • the printing of the area corresponding to the length of the print head is completed in each of the 2#-N# areas, and the print head is moved in the width direction of the printing area to the upper side of the other unprinted area in the opposite direction to the remaining portions of the respective print areas.
  • Printing as shown in Figure 4; meanwhile, each time a complete printing of one layer of the printing area is completed, the corresponding spreading device begins to move from its stop position to another stop position and lays powder to another stop position to pause. As shown in FIG.
  • the print head when the print head reversely prints over the 1# print area and completes the printing of the 1# print area corresponding to the print head, as shown in FIG. 6, the print head is along the width direction of the print area. Moving to the top of the unprinted area on the other side, printing continues from the 1# print area until the print head prints to the initial position to complete the printing of a powder layer, as shown in FIG. 7; The next layer of the printing area is successively layered, and the print head continues to print the next layer of the layer to the next printing area, and the powder coating devices successively lay the powder until successively. Finish printing of products in each print area.
  • the initial position of the print head is not limited to the space set between the 1# print area and the 2# print area, but may also be set in the space between any adjacent print areas, and the print head is along the shop.
  • the direction of the powder needs to be set on one side so that the printing of one powder layer can be completed twice.
  • the printing speed of the printing head in the printing direction and the paving should be satisfied: the print head is printed from the starting position to the side of the 1# printing area in the printing direction to the other side and then moved to the top of the remaining unprinted area of the 1# printing area.
  • the spreading device completes at least one layer of the corresponding printing area and stops at the stop position.
  • the printing direction and the spreading direction are perpendicular to the device, and each of the spreading devices can independently perform the powdering of the respective regions.

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Abstract

一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备及其3D打印方法。可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，包括一个打印头（1）和若干个铺粉装置（2），每个铺粉装置（2）分别对应一个打印区域（3），各打印区域（3）沿直线方向依次布置，并且各打印区域（3）分别配有独立控制升降的工作台，各铺粉装置（2）可往返双向铺粉，铺粉装置（2）的双向铺粉方向与打印区域（3）布置的直线方向垂直；打印头（1）的打印方向与铺粉方向垂直，并且打印头可沿铺粉方向移动实现换行往返打印。上述3D打印设备，设置一个打印头和多个铺粉装置，实现通过合理配置打印速度、铺粉速度，和铺粉顺序，实现打印头连续打印不停机，消除等待时间，从而大幅提高设备打印效率，降低打印成本。

Description

一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备及其3D打印方法 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印技术领域，特别涉及一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备及其3D打印方法。
背景技术
3DP成型方法是典型的粉末(或颗粒)材料3D打印技术，该技术最早由美国麻省理工大学于1989年在US5204055A1这篇专利中提出。该方法的具体过程为先在平台上均匀的铺一层粉末，打印头扫描并在特定区域内喷射一种液料，使得喷射部位的粉末粘结在一起，然后打印平台下降相应的的层厚距离，重复上述步骤，直至完成所有层的铺粉打印工作。现有技术中，基于上述技术的粉末3D打印设备普遍特征在于，铺粉和打印是分步骤依次完成的，存在等待时间，使得单层铺粉打印周期较长，从而导致设备打印效率大大受限。如想提高效率，只能通过增大打印面积、提高铺粉与打印速度、增加打印头的宽度等方法来实现，但上述方法中增加打印面积会增加整个设备的制造难度，甚至无法实现；铺粉与打印速度在达到特定的值后很难再提升；增加打印头的宽度会大大提高设备的制造与维护成本，且增加控制难度。上述方法只能小幅度的提升设备打印效率，远远不能满足粉末3D打印技术产业化推广应用的要求。
美国EXone公司于2014年在DE102014112447A1的专利中提到一种双工作箱的3D打印设备结构，该方法为双工作箱同时铺砂及打印，与同等成型尺寸的单箱3D打印设备相比，效率可成倍提高。但该方法的实质仍然是铺粉和打印分步骤依次完成，存在等待时间，效率未最大化。
美国Voxeljet公司于2013年在WO2015/096826的专利中提到提高打印效率的设备和方法，该方法主要为将一组或多组铺粉装置与打印头并列布置，可实现铺粉与打印同时进行，以及单向多层、双向多层同时打印的动作。但该方法在实施过程中仍然存在如下问题：首先将铺粉装置与打印头设置为同向运动，实际使用中，铺粉装置的运动速度远低于打印头的运动速度，因此打印效率由铺粉速度决定，如按此方法实施，还是无法显著提高打印效率；其次将铺粉装置与打印头设置为同向运动，要求将打印头的宽度设置为与铺粉装置的有效铺粉宽度相同，在实施该方法时，因受打印头制造难度、成本、控制难度等方面制约，可实施宽度往往只能控制在1米以内，会严重制约有效打印尺寸，且打印效率较低。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中的3D打印成型方法中存在的打印头与铺粉装置的速度不匹配而导致的打印效率低的问题，提供一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，通过特定的打印方向、铺粉方向及多打印区域的设置，避免打印头的停机等待，以提高3D打印设备的打印效率。
本发明的目的是这样实现的，一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，包括一个打印头和若干可独立工作的铺粉装置，每个所述铺粉装置分别对应一个打印区域，各打印区域沿直线方向依次布置，并且各打印区域分别配有独立控制升降的工作台，所述铺粉装置可往返双向铺粉,所述铺粉装置的双向铺粉方向与打印区域布置的直线方向垂直；所述打印头的打印方向与铺粉方向垂直，并且打印头可沿铺粉方向移动实现换行往返打印。
本发明的3D打印设备，设置一个打印头和多个铺粉装置，每个铺粉装置分别对单独的打印区域进行独立的铺粉，一个打印头对多个打印区域进行打印，实现根据打印头和铺粉装置的速度，合理配置各铺粉装置的铺粉顺序和打印头的打印顺序，实现打印头连续打印不停机，消除等待时间，从而大幅提高设备打印效率，降低打印成本。
为进一步优化各部的配区性，所述打印区域为长方形，每个打印区域沿打印工作台布置的直线方向为所述打印区域的长度方向，与长度方向垂直的方向为打印区域的宽度方向；所述铺粉装置的铺粉方向与打印区域的宽度方向一致，并且铺粉装置的有效铺粉宽度与对应的打印区域的长度相等；所述打印头沿铺粉方向的长度大于或等于打印区域宽度的一半。本发明的结构中，铺粉方向和打印方向垂直进行，打印头沿各打印区域布置的纵向往返打印一来回，各铺粉装置沿铺粉方向从一侧向另一侧铺粉运动一次即完成一层的铺粉和打印。
为方便打印头在各打印区域之间的临时停留，所述打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头沿打印方向的宽度以方便打印头临时停留在任一相邻的打印区域之间的空档。
为保证铺粉装置停止等待时，不占用打印头的打印位置，所述铺粉装置在打印区域宽度方向的两侧分别设有停止位，所述铺粉装置位于停止位时，其垂直投影位于打印区域的外侧，所述铺粉装置从一侧的停止位移动并铺粉至另一侧的停止位完成一层的铺粉，可暂停在相应的停止位或继续返回并同时进行下一层的铺粉。
为进一步实现本发明高效打印的目的，本发明还提供一种采用上述3D打印设备进行3D打印的方法,包括如下过程：
1)在沿直线方向分别布置1#、2#…N#打印区域和与各打印区域对应的1#铺粉装置、2#铺粉装置…N#铺粉装置，各铺粉装置分别停留在各打印区域其中之一的停止位上，所述打印头的长度方向与打印区域的宽度方向一致，各打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头的宽度以 便于打印头在打印区域之间的空档临时停留；
2)设置打印头和各铺粉装置开始打印前的初始位置，各铺粉装置分别停于各自打印区域其中之一的停止位上，所述打印头停止于任一相邻的打印区域之间的空档位置并且靠近打印区域宽度方向的一侧；
3)铺底层粉：首先打印头暂停在初始状态，各铺粉装置从初始位置开始从一侧向另一侧往复移动并在移动过程中向对应的打印区域逐层铺若干层底粉，完成底层粉的铺设后各铺粉装置暂停在各自初始位置的停止位上；
4)打印头从始初位置开始，沿打印区域的布置方向在已铺设的底层粉上方依次打印，当打印头打印至N#打印区域的末端时，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至另一部份未打印区域的上方反方向对各打印区域的剩余部分进行依次打印，同时，每完成一个打印区域一层的完整打印，对应的铺粉装置开始从其所在的停止位向另一停止位移动并铺粉至另一停止位上暂停；当打印头反向打印至1#打印区域上方并完成打印头对应的1#打印区域的打印时，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至正对另一侧未打印的区域的上方从1#打印区域开始继续进行打印，直至打印头打印至初始位置完成一个铺粉层的打印，各铺粉装置陆续对各打印完的打印区域进行下一层的铺粉，打印头不停的继续向下一打印区域进行下一铺粉层的循环打印和循环铺粉，直至完成各打印区域产品的打印。
本发明的3D打印方法，根据双向铺粉的铺粉装置的铺粉速度和打印头的打印速度，将打印方向和铺粉方向垂直设备，并且各铺粉装置可独立的进行各自区域的铺粉，通过合理设置打印头的起始位置和各铺粉装置的铺粉动作的顺序，并且铺粉装置铺粉和停止均不影响打印头的行进路线，可以实现打印头不间断的打印，避免打印头和铺粉装置的相互等待，从而显著提高打印效率。
进一步地，所述铺粉装置在停止位时，不占用打印区域上方的空间。
为进一步优化配置打印速度和铺粉速度，当所述打印头的起始位置位于1#打印区域和2#打印区域之间的空档，所述打印头沿打印方向的打印速度和铺粉装置沿铺粉方向的铺粉速度应满足：打印头沿打印方向从起始位置向1#打印区域的一侧打印至另一侧再移动至1#打印区域剩余未打印区域上方完成1#打印区域的一层的打印时，铺粉装置至少完成对应打印区域的一层的铺粉并停止在停止位。
附图说明
图1为发明的可提高打印效率的3D打印设备的示意图。
图2为本发明的3D打印设备打印前的初始状态图。
图3为本发明的3D打印过程中状态图之一。
图4为本发明的3D打印过程中状态图之二。
图5为本发明的3D打印过程中状态图之三。
图6为本发明的3D打印过程中状态图之四。
图7为本发明的3D打印过程中状态图之五。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示为本发明的一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，包括一个打印头1和若干个可独立工作的铺粉装置2，每个铺粉装置2分别对应一个打印区域3，各打印区域3沿直线方向依次布置，并且各打印区域3分别配有独立控制升降的工作台，各铺粉装置2可往返独立的双向铺粉,并且铺粉装置2的双向铺粉方向与打印区域3布置的直线方向垂直；打印头1的打印方向与铺粉方向垂直，同时，打印头1可沿铺粉方向移动实现换行往返打印。
为进一步优化各部的配区性，本发明的各打印区域3为一般为长方形，每个打印区域3沿打印工作台布置的直线方向为打印区域3的长度方向，与长度方向垂直的方向为打印区域3的宽度方向；各铺粉装置2的铺粉方向与打印区域3的宽度方向一致，并且铺粉装置2的有效铺粉宽度与对应的打印区域3的长度相等，可以实现铺粉装置2沿宽度方向移动一次完成一层的铺粉，打印头1沿铺粉方向的长度L1大于或等于打印区域宽度的一半,便于打印头换行一次即往返一次可以完成一层铺粉层的打印。
为方便打印头1在各打印区域之间的临时停留，打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头1沿打印方向的宽度以方便打印头临时停留在任一相邻的打印区域3之间的空档。
为保证铺粉装置停止等待时，不占用打印头的打印位置，铺粉装置2在打印区域宽度方向的两侧分别设有停止位，铺粉装置2位于停止位时，其垂直投影位于打印区域的外侧，铺粉装置从一侧的停止位移动并铺粉至另一侧的停止位完成一层的铺粉，可暂停在相应的停止位或继续返回并同时进行下一层的铺粉。
本发明的3D打印设备，设置一个打印头和多个铺粉装置，每个铺粉装置分别对单独的打印区域进行独立的铺粉，一个打印头对多个打印区域进行打印，根据打印头和铺粉装置的速度，合理配置各铺粉装置的铺粉顺序和打印头的打印顺序，实现打印头连续打印不停机，消除等待时间，从而大幅提高设备打印效率，降低打印成本。
实施例2
下面结合附图详细说明采用上述实施例的3D打印设备进行3D打印的方法，具体包括如下过程：
如图2所示，首先沿直线方向分别布置1#、2#…N#打印区域和与各打印区域对应的1#铺粉装置、2#铺粉装置…N#铺粉装置，各铺粉装置分别停留在各打印区域其中之一的停止位上，并且各铺粉装置在停止位时，不占用打印区域上方的空间；打印头的长度方向与打印区域的宽度方向一致，各打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头的宽度以便于打印头在打印区域之间的空档临时停留；然后，设置打印头和各铺粉装置开始打印前的初始位置，各铺粉装置分别停于各自打印区域其中之一的停止位上，打印头停止于任一相邻的打印区域之间的空档位置并且靠近打印区域宽度方向的一侧；本实施例中，打印头初始位置位于1#打印区域和2#打印区域之间的空档位置上；开始打印时，先在各打印区域铺若干层一定厚度的底层粉，此时，打印头暂停在初始位置，各铺粉装置从各自的初始位置开始从一侧向另一侧往复移动并在移动过程中向对应的打印区域逐层铺若干层底粉，完成底层粉的铺设后各铺粉装置暂停在各自初始位置的停止位上；然后，打印头从始初位置开始，沿打印区域的布置方向在已铺设的底层粉上方依次打印，即打印头从2#打印区域依次打印至N#打印区域的末端时，如图3所示，完成2#—N#各区域与打印头长度对应区域的打印，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至另一部份未打印区域的上方反方向对各打印区域的剩余部分进行依次打印，如图4所示；同时，每完成一个打印区域一层的完整打印，对应的铺粉装置开始从其所在的停止位向另一停止位移动并铺粉至另一停止位上暂停，如图5所示；当打印头反向打印至1#打印区域上方并完成打印头对应的1#打印区域的打印时，如图6所示，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至正对另一侧未打印的区域的上方从1#打印区域开始继续进行打印，直至打印头打印至初始位置完成一个铺粉层的打印，如图7所示；至此，各铺粉装置陆续对各打印完的各打印区域进行下一层的铺粉，打印头不停的继续向下一打印区域进行下一铺粉层的循环打印和，各铺粉装置陆续的循环铺粉，直至完成各打印区域产品的打印。
本发明的方法中，打印头的初始位置不仅限于设置在1#打印区域和2#打印区域之间的空档，还可以设置在任一相邻的打印区域之间的空间，并且打印头沿铺粉方向需靠一侧设置，以便于往返两次完成一个铺粉层的打印。为便于打印速度和铺粉速度的优化设置，本实施例中，当打印头的起始位置位于1#打印区域和2#打印区域之间的空档，打印头沿打印方向的打印速度和铺粉装置沿铺粉方向的铺粉速度应满足：打印头沿打印方向从起始位置向1#打印区域的一侧打印至另一侧再移动至1#打印区域剩余未打印区域上方完成1#打印区域的一层的打印时，铺粉装置至少完成对应打印区域的一层的铺粉并停止在停止位。
本发明的3D打印方法，根据双向铺粉的铺粉装置的铺粉速度和打印头的打印速度，将打印方向和铺粉方向垂直设备，并且各铺粉装置可独立的进行各自区域的铺粉，通过合理设置打印头的起始位置和各铺粉装置的铺粉动作的顺序，并且铺粉装置铺粉和停止均不影响打印头的行进路线，可以实现打印头不间断的打印，避免打印头和铺粉装置的相互等待，从而显著提高打印效率。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，其特征在于，包括一个打印头和若干个可独立工作的铺粉装置，每个所述铺粉装置分别对应一个打印区域，各打印区域沿直线方向依次布置，并且各打印区域分别配有独立控制升降的工作台，所述铺粉装置可往返双向铺粉,所述铺粉装置的双向铺粉方向与打印区域布置的直线方向垂直；所述打印头的打印方向与铺粉方向垂直，并且打印头可沿铺粉方向移动实现换行往返打印。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述打印区域为长方形，每个打印区域沿打印工作台布置的直线方向为所述打印区域的长度方向，与长度方向垂直的方向为打印区域的宽度方向；所述铺粉装置的铺粉方向与打印区域的宽度方向一致，并且铺粉装置的有效铺粉宽度与对应的打印区域的长度相等；所述打印头沿铺粉方向的长度大于或等于打印区域宽度的一半。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头沿打印方向的宽度以方便打印头临时停留在任一相邻的打印区域之间的空档。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的可提高打印效率的3D打印设备，其特征在于，所述铺粉装置在打印区域宽度方向的两侧分别设有停止位，所述铺粉装置位于停止位时，其垂直投影位于打印区域的外侧，所述铺粉装置从一侧的停止位移动并铺粉至另一侧的停止位完成一层的铺粉，可暂停在相应的停止位或继续返回并同时进行下一层的铺粉。
  5. 一种采用权利要求1-4任一项所述的3D打印设备进行3D打印的方法,其特征在于，包括如下过程：
    1)在沿直线方向分别布置1#、2#…N#打印区域和与各打印区域对应的1#铺粉装置、2#铺粉装置…N#铺粉装置，各铺粉装置分别停留在各打印区域其中之一的停止位上，所述打印头的长度方向与打印区域的宽度方向一致，各打印区域之间的空档间距大于打印头的宽度以便于打印头在打印区域之间的空档临时停留；
    2)设置打印头和各铺粉装置开始打印前的初始位置，各铺粉装置分别停于各自打印区域其中之一的停止位上，所述打印头停止于任一相邻的打印区域之间的空档位置并且靠近打印区域宽度方向的一侧；
    3)铺底层粉：首先打印头暂停在初始状态，各铺粉装置从初始位置开始从一侧向另一侧往复移动并在移动过程中向对应的打印区域逐层铺若干层底粉，完成底层粉的铺设后各铺粉装置暂停在各自初始位置的停止位上；
    4)打印头从始初位置开始，沿打印区域的布置方向在已铺设的底层粉上方依次打印，当打 印头打印至N#打印区域的末端时，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至另一部份未打印区域的上方反方向对各打印区域的剩余部分进行依次打印，同时，每完成一个打印区域一层的完整打印，对应的铺粉装置开始从其所在的停止位向另一停止位移动并铺粉至另一停止位上暂停；当打印头反向打印至1#打印区域上方并完成打印头对应的1#打印区域的打印时，打印头沿打印区域的宽度方向移动至正对另一侧未打印的区域的上方从1#打印区域开始继续进行打印，直至打印头打印至初始位置完成一个铺粉层的打印，各铺粉装置陆续对各打印完的打印区域进行下一层的铺粉，打印头不停的继续向下一打印区域进行下一铺粉层的循环打印和循环铺粉，直至完成各打印区域产品的打印。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的3D打印的方法，其特征在于，所述铺粉装置在停止位时，不占用打印区域上方的空间。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的3D打印的方法，其特征在于，当所述打印头的起始位置位于1#打印区域和2#打印区域之间的空档，所述打印头沿打印方向的打印速度和铺粉装置沿铺粉方向的铺粉速度应满足：打印头沿打印方向从起始位置向1#打印区域的一侧打印至另一侧再移动至1#打印区域剩余未打印区域上方完成1#打印区域的一层的打印时，铺粉装置至少完成对应打印区域的一层的铺粉并停止在停止位。
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