WO2018192584A1 - 通用单元以及电池模块 - Google Patents

通用单元以及电池模块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018192584A1
WO2018192584A1 PCT/CN2018/084021 CN2018084021W WO2018192584A1 WO 2018192584 A1 WO2018192584 A1 WO 2018192584A1 CN 2018084021 W CN2018084021 W CN 2018084021W WO 2018192584 A1 WO2018192584 A1 WO 2018192584A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
unit
universal
universal unit
busbar
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/084021
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵文鹏
方杰
姜亚平
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NIO Co Ltd
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NIO Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2018192584A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018192584A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/227—Organic material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power battery technology, and more particularly, to an expandable battery module and a universal unit therein.
  • the structure of the power battery module is relatively complicated.
  • the battery module needs to be redesigned, and the battery module lacks versatility and expansion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a more expandable battery module
  • the purpose of the invention is to make the size of a single battery module adjustable according to actual needs
  • the purpose of the invention is to simplify the assembly of the battery module
  • the object of the present invention is to provide insurance between battery cells
  • a general purpose unit for a battery module comprising:
  • a frame having opposite major surfaces and having a battery compartment for accommodating a plurality of battery cells between the opposing two major surfaces;
  • bus bar electrically connecting the plurality of battery cells
  • At least one major surface of the frame also has a coupling to couple with a corresponding coupling on an adjacent universal unit.
  • the coupling member includes a protrusion and/or a notch extending along the major surface.
  • the protrusions and/or slots are trapezoidal in cross section.
  • the battery compartment includes a plurality of chambers, such that the plurality of battery cells are spaced apart from each other.
  • the battery cavity extends through the frame, and a busbar bracket is disposed at two ends of the battery cavity, the busbar includes a plurality of busbar units, and the busbar unit is disposed at the The busbar bracket is electrically connected to the corresponding battery cell.
  • the universal unit further includes an insulating bracket at least partially covering the busbar unit.
  • the frame of the universal unit further includes a protrusion that supports the busbar unit of the edge for electrical output of the universal unit.
  • the bus bar bracket further has a partition plate separating the bus bar units.
  • the bus bar bracket further has a notch to arrange the sampling line.
  • the busbar unit includes a battery coupling portion and a bridge hole, the bridge hole serves as a sampling harness or a temperature sensor fixed terminal, the battery coupling portion has a plurality of safety feet, and A flat portion supported by a plurality of safety feet.
  • the battery module includes a universal unit in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention coupled to each other.
  • a battery module mounting portion for fixing the battery module is further disposed on an outer main surface of the outermost common unit of the battery module.
  • the universal unit and the battery module according to the embodiment of the present invention are simple in structure, convenient to install, expandable and dimensionally flexible, and provide better safety.
  • 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) respectively show perspective views of battery modules having different numbers of universal units
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a universal unit having a battery module mounting portion
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the intermediate universal unit
  • Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the intermediate general purpose unit and the battery cells therein;
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the frame
  • Figures 6(a)-6(d) show projection views of the various faces of the frame
  • Figures 7(a) and 7(b) show front and back perspective views of the busbar unit
  • Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a separate busbar bracket
  • Figure 9 shows a perspective view of an insulating bracket.
  • top, bottom, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, bottom, etc. mentioned or may be mentioned in this specification are defined with respect to the configurations shown in the respective drawings, which are Relative concepts, so it is possible to change accordingly according to their different locations and different usage states. Therefore, these or other orientation terms should not be interpreted as restrictive terms.
  • a battery module includes a plurality of general-purpose units 1, 2, and a plurality of general-purpose units 1, 2 are coupled to each other to form a battery module.
  • the battery module includes an intermediate general purpose unit 1 and an outer general purpose unit 2, wherein the outer unitary unit 2 has a fixed battery module mounting portion 21 for the battery module.
  • six, four or three general purpose units or any other number of general purpose units may be selected to form the battery module, which allows the battery modules to have different lengths. Therefore, the number of the common units 1, 2 included in each of the battery modules can be selected according to the actual space structure of the battery compartment accommodating the power battery, thereby more effectively utilizing the space of the battery compartment and arranging in various irregular spaces. Cloth battery module.
  • the intermediate general unit 1 includes a frame 11, a battery unit 12, a bus bar holder 15, bus bars 131, 132, an insulating bracket 14, and the like.
  • the frame 11 has a battery compartment for accommodating the battery cells 12, and after the battery cells are disposed in the battery compartment of the frame 11, the top busbar brackets 15 on which the bus bars 131 are disposed are mounted on the top of the battery cells 12 to Body 12 is closed. Subsequently, each busbar unit is coupled to the battery cell by means of laser welding or the like.
  • the bottom busbar bracket to which the busbar 132 is mounted may be integrated with the frame 11, or may be coupled to the frame 11 as the top busbar bracket 15, and the insulating bracket 14 may be provided to the bottom and top of the frame 11 (the top insulating bracket is not shown), Thereby the entire universal unit 1 is formed.
  • the frame 11 can be substantially cuboid, in particular in the form of a plate, and the frame 11 can be made of plastic or other suitable material.
  • the frame 11 has opposing major surfaces 1101, 1102 and an upper side 1103, a lower side 1104, a left side 1105 and a right side 1106 between the opposing two major surfaces 1101, 1102.
  • a battery compartment for receiving a plurality of battery cells is also defined between the two opposing major surfaces 1101, 1102.
  • the battery compartments are arranged in a row of individual chambers 116, each chamber for arranging a battery cell, thereby accommodating a row of battery cells and spacing them apart from one another.
  • the battery compartment may also be provided in two or more separate chambers 116.
  • the battery compartment extends substantially from the upper side 1103 to the lower side 1104.
  • the respective chambers 116 of the battery compartment are circular in cross section for receiving cylindrical battery cells.
  • the shape of each chamber 116 of the battery compartment may vary depending on the shape of the battery cells.
  • the battery compartment is comprised of a plurality of separate chambers.
  • the battery compartment may also be provided as a single chamber housing a plurality of battery cells.
  • at least a portion of the major surfaces 1103, 1104 of the universal unit 1 have a grid 115 in communication with the chamber 116 of the battery compartment to promote heat dissipation from the battery cells.
  • At least one of the opposing major surfaces 1101, 1102 of the frame 11 also has a coupling for coupling with a corresponding coupling of an adjacent universal unit.
  • both main surfaces have couplings
  • the outer common unit 2 since there are no other general-purpose units on the outer side, only the inward main surface With couplings.
  • a coupling on the major surface allows the various universal units to be coupled together face to face to form a battery module.
  • the number of universal units of the battery module can be arbitrarily expanded in the form of a coupling on the main surface.
  • the coupling takes the form of a projection 114 and a notch 113 extending along the major surface such that adjacent universal units are slidable in a direction along the plane of the major surface to cause corresponding notches and The protrusions are mated together to join the universal units together.
  • the main surface 1101 of the frame 11 is provided with a notch and a protrusion.
  • the main surface 1101 may have only one notch or one protrusion, or two notches or Two protrusions, or any combination of any number of notches and/or protrusions.
  • the projections 114 and the notches 113 substantially extend the entire height of the frame 11 in the up and down direction in Fig.
  • the protrusions 113 and the notches 114 may extend along the major surface in the left and right direction or any other direction in Figure 6(a) and may extend any length.
  • the projections and the notches have a trapezoidal shape in cross section, and in alternative embodiments, the projections and notches may have other suitable cross-sectional shapes, such as "convex" or the like.
  • the width of the protrusions in the cross section increases with distance from the major surface, and the notches are opposite. The couplings in the form of protrusions and slots enable convenient assembly between the universal units.
  • the coupling is not limited to the projections and the notches, and the coupling may be other couplings that are slidably fitted in the planar direction of the major surface to prevent the universal unit from being separated in a direction perpendicular to the major surface, or alternatively
  • the coupling member can also be a snap, a magnet or a glue or the like.
  • the frame 11 further includes extensions 1161, 1162 on the left and right sides shown in Figure 6, which are used to carry the busbar elements of the edges.
  • the busbar cells of the edge form the output of the universal unit for electrical connection between the plurality of universal units.
  • the wires can be coupled between the protrusions of the plurality of universal units to electrically connect the battery cells of the plurality of universal units.
  • the frame 11 further includes an opening 111 distributed along the upper and lower edges for coupling with an insulating bracket and/or a busbar bracket, such as a snap-fit coupling. Alternatively, other coupling means may be employed in place of the snap coupling.
  • the bottom busbar bracket 1115 is integrated with the frame 11.
  • spacers 1116 are present to define the mounting areas of the various busbar units such that the individual busbar units are separated by an insulating spacer 1116.
  • Each busbar unit electrically connects adjacent two battery cells, and the busbar unit can be electrically connected to the battery cells by any suitable means, such as by soldering.
  • the spacers of the bottom busbar support have voids 1181, thereby collectively defining the channels 118.
  • the channel 118 is used to collect the passage of the wire for collecting the operating state of the battery cell, such as voltage or temperature. As shown in Figure 6 (d).
  • the channels 118 lead to both sides of the universal unit 11, whereby the collection line harnesses of the respective common units can be led out from both sides.
  • Ears 112 may also be provided on both sides of the universal unit 11 for collecting the collection lines of the various universal units together by the straps and constraining them near the ears 112.
  • the bottom busbar bracket may also be provided with separate components and coupled to the frame by, for example, a snap-fit coupling.
  • the top busbar bracket 15 is formed as a separate component, while the upper edge of the frame 11 has a U-shaped notch defined by the side walls 1171 and 1172 for receiving the top busbar bracket 15.
  • FIG. 7 shows a busbar unit 1311 that includes two battery coupling portions 1315, 1316 and a bridge hole 1314.
  • the battery coupling portion is formed by stamping, which includes a flat portion 1313 and three insurance legs 1312.
  • the number and size of the safety feet 1312 can vary depending on the designed overcurrent capability.
  • the two battery coupling portions 1315, 1316 are respectively in contact with the adjacent two battery cells to make them electrically connected.
  • the bridge hole 1314 serves as a terminal for the sample harness or the temperature sensor. In alternative embodiments, other forms of busbar units may be employed. As shown in FIG.
  • the rows of busbar units are used to electrically connect the battery cells in the universal unit to each other, such as in parallel or in series, and then the busbar unit disposed on the extension of the universal unit is further used for electrical output, and Can be electrically connected to other general purpose units.
  • the busbar unit provides overcurrent protection between battery cells.
  • FIG. 8 shows the top busbar bracket 15, which is similar to the bottom busbar bracket, but in this embodiment it is formed as a separate component.
  • the top bus bar bracket 15 includes holes 151 for exposing the battery cells, insulating spacers 152 separating the respective bus bar units, and snaps 154, 155 for coupling with the frame 11.
  • the top busbar bracket pre-installed with the busbar unit is mounted to the frame 11 after the battery cells are in place, and encloses the respective battery cells 12.
  • Figure 9 shows an insulating bracket 14 that can be provided at the upper or lower end of the frame to enclose the conductive portion of the universal unit, particularly the busbar unit.
  • the insulating bracket 14 can also be coupled to the frame 11 by a snap 141 or other means.
  • the battery module of the present invention realizes scalability by using a general-purpose unit. Except for the common unit, no additional structural frame is required, the assembly is convenient, the combination is flexible, and it is suitable for irregular shape envelopes, and the space utilization rate is high.
  • the battery cells arranged in series and in parallel are sequentially inserted into the frame of the universal unit according to design requirements.
  • the frame has a cavity that can accommodate the battery cells and a coupling that can be coupled to each other.
  • the busbar bracket pre-installed with the busbar unit is connected to the frame by a snap, and the electrical connection between the battery cell and the busbar unit is achieved by laser welding or electric resistance welding.
  • the busbar unit includes a current limiting fuse function and a sample harness terminal fixing function to reduce parts.
  • the sampling line bundles along the frame are taken out from the outlets on both sides of the frame, and then the upper and lower insulating covers are fastened to complete the assembly of the basic universal unit.
  • the entire assembly process is simple, and preferably, it can be boltless.
  • the general purpose unit can then be assembled arbitrarily to form a battery module.
  • the battery module can adapt to irregular spaces and improve space utilization.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及通用单元和电池模块，其中所述通用单元包括：框架，所述框架具有相对的两个主表面并具有所述相对的两个主表面之间的容纳多个电池单体的电池容腔；容纳在所述框架的电池容腔中的多个电池单体；使所述多个电池单体电连接的母线；其中，所述框架的至少一个主表面上还具有联接件，以与相邻的通用单元上的对应联接件联接。根据本发明的实施例中的通用单元以及电池模块结构简单，安装方便，具有扩展性和尺寸灵活性且提供更佳的安全性。

Description

通用单元以及电池模块 技术领域
本发明涉及动力电池技术领域，更具体地，本发明涉及一种可扩展的电池模块以及其中的通用单元。
背景技术
现阶段动力电池模块特别是软包装动力电池模块结构比较复杂。对不不同设计而言，需重新设计电池模块，电池模块欠缺通用性和扩展。
对于电池安全方面而言，传统的保险提供在电池包之间或者模块之间，并且成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供扩展性更强的电池模块；
本发明的目的在于使单个电池模块的尺寸可根据实际需求调节；
本发明的目的在于简化电池模块的组装；
本发明的目的在于提供电池单体之间的保险；
本发明的其他目的还在于解决或至少缓解现有技术中所存在的问题。
为实现上述目的中的一者或多者，根据本发明的一方面，提供了一种用于电池模块的通用单元，所述通用单元包括：
框架，所述框架具有相对的两个主表面并具有所述相对的两个主表面之间的容纳多个电池单体的电池容腔；
容纳在所述框架的电池容腔中的多个电池单体；
使所述多个电池单体电连接的母线；
其中，所述框架的至少一个主表面上还具有联接件，以与相邻的通用单元上的对应联接件联接。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述联接件包括沿所述主表面延伸的突起和/或槽口。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述突起和/或槽口在横截面中呈梯形。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述电池容腔包括多个室，使所述多个电池单体彼此间隔开。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述电池容腔穿过所述框架延伸，所述电池容腔的两端处设置有母线支架，所述母线包括多个母线单元，母线单元布置在所述母线支架上并与对应的电池单体电连接。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述通用单元还包括至少部分地覆盖所述母线单元的绝缘支架。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述通用单元的框架还包括伸出部，所述伸出部支撑边缘的母线单元，以用于通用单元的电输出。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述母线支架还具有分隔各个母线单元的隔离板。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述母线支架还具有槽口以布置采样线。
可选地，在上述通用单元中，所述母线单元包括电池联接部和桥接孔，所述桥接孔作为采样线束或者温度传感器固定的端子，所述电池联接部具有多个保险脚以及由所述多个保险脚支撑的平面部。
根据另一方面，还提供了一种电池模块，其中，所述电池模块包括相互联接的根据本发明的各个实施例的通用单元。
可选地，在上述电池模块中，所述电池模块中的最外侧通用单元的外侧主表面上还设有用于固定所述电池模块的电池模块安装部。
根据本发明的实施例中的通用单元以及电池模块结构简单，安装方便，具有扩展性和尺寸灵活性且提供更佳的安全性。
附图说明
参照附图，本发明的公开内容将变得更易理解。本领域技术人员容易理解的是：这些附图仅仅用于说明的目的，而并非意在对本发明的保护范围组成限制。此外，图中类似的数字用以表示类似的部件，其中：
图1(a)、1(b)和1(c)分别示出了具有不同数量的通用单元的电池模块的透视图；
图2示出了具有电池模块安装部的通用单元的透视图；
图3示出了中间通用单元的透视图；
图4示出了中间通用单元以及其中的电池单体的分解视图；
图5示出了框架的透视图；
图6(a)-6(d)示出了框架的各面投影图；
图7(a)和7(b)示出了母线单元的正面和反面透视图；
图8示出了单独的母线支架的透视图；以及
图9示出了绝缘支架的透视图。
具体实施方式
容易理解，根据本发明的技术方案，在不变更本发明实质精神下，本领域的一般技术人员可以提出可相互替换的多种结构方式以及实现方式。因此，以下具体实施方式以及附图仅是对本发明的技术方案的示例性说明，而不应当视为本发明的全部或者视为对本发明技术方案的限定或限制。
在本说明书中提到或者可能提到的上、下、左、右、前、后、正面、背面、顶部、底部等方位用语是相对于各附图中所示的构造进行定义的，它们是相对的概念，因此有可能会根据其所处不同位置、不同使用状态而进行相应地变化。所以，也不应当将这些或者其他的方位用语解释为限制性用语。
首先参考图1至图3，根据本发明的实施例的电池模块包括多个通用单元1,2，多个通用单元1,2相互联接以形成电池模块。在一些实施例中，电池模块包括中间通用单元1和外侧通用单元2，其中外侧通用单元2具有用于电池模块的固定的电池模块安装部21。如图1所清楚地示出的，可选择6个，4个或3个通用单元或其他任何数量的通用单元来组成电池模块，这使得电池模块可具有不同的长度。因此，可根据容纳动力电池的电池仓的实际空间结构来选择每一个电池模块所包含的通用单元1,2的数量，由此更有效地利用电池仓的空间，在各种不规则空间中排布电池模块。
现在参考图4，其中示出了根据本发明的实施例的通用单元的分解视图，以中间通用单元1为例。中间通用单元1包括框架11，电池单体12，母线支架15，母线131,132，绝缘支架14等。框架11具有容纳电池单体12的电池容腔，在电池单体布置在框架11的电池容腔后，将布置有母线131的顶部母线支架15安装在电池单体12的顶部，以将电池单体12封闭。随后，通过激光焊接等手段将各个母线单元与电池单体联接。安装有母线132的底部母线支架可与框架11集成在一起，或如顶部母线支架15一样联接至框架11，可将绝缘支架14提供至 框架11的底部和顶部(顶部绝缘支架未示出)，由此形成整个通用单元1。
参考图5和图6来描述框架11的各个特征。框架11可大致呈立方体，尤其可成板状，框架11可由塑料或其他适合的材料制成。框架11具有相对的两个主表面1101,1102以及相对的两个主表面1101,1102之间的上侧面1103，下侧面1104，左侧面1105以及右侧面1106。两个相对的主表面1101,1102之间还限定了用于容纳多个电池单体的电池容腔。在一些实施例中，电池容腔设置成一排独立室116，每个室用于布置一个电池单体，由此容纳一排电池单体并使它们彼此间隔开。在备选实施例中，电池容腔也可设置成两排或以上独立室116。此外，电池容腔基本由上侧面1103贯穿至下侧面1104。在本实施例中，电池容腔的各个室116的横截面成圆形，以用于容纳圆柱形的电池单体。在备选实施例中，电池容腔的各个室116的形状可根据电池单体的形状而改变。在本实施例中，电池容腔由多个独立的室组成，在备选实施例中，电池容腔也可提供成收纳多个电池单体的单个室。此外，在一些实施例中，通用单元1的主表面1103,1104的至少一部分具有与电池容腔的室116连通的栅格115以促进电池单体的散热。
进一步地，在框架11的相对的主表面1101,1102中的至少一者上还具有联接件，以用于与相邻通用单元的对应联接件联接。对于中间通用单元1而言，如图6所示，其两个主表面均具有联接件,而对于外侧通用单元2而言，由于其外侧不再有其他通用单元，故仅向内的主表面具有联接件。主表面上的联接件可使各个通用单元面对面地联接在一起以形成电池模块。采用主表面上的联接件的形式使得电池模块的通用单元的数量可任意扩展。在一些实施例中，联接件采用沿所述主表面延伸的突起114和槽口113的形式，使得相邻的通用单元可通过沿主表面所在平面的方向的相对滑动，使对应的槽口与突起配合的方式联接在一起，以使得通用单元联接在一起。在图示的实施例中，框架11的主表面1101上布置着一个槽口和一个突起，在备选实施例中，主表面1101可仅具有一个槽口或一个突起，或者两个槽口或两个突起，或者其他任何数量的槽口和/或突起的任何组合。此外，尽管在图示的实施例中，突起114和槽口113沿图6(a)中的上下方向基本延伸框架11的整个高度。在备选实施例中，突起113和槽口114可沿图6(a)中的左右方向或其他任何方向沿主表面延伸，且可延伸任何长度。另外，在本实施例中，突起和槽口在横截面上具有梯形的形状，在备选实施例中，突起和槽口可具 有其他的适合的截面形状，例如“凸”字形等。优选地，突起在横截面中的宽度随远离主表面而增大，槽口则相反。突起和槽口形式的联接件可实现通用单元之间的方便的组装。在备选实施例中，联接件不限于突起和槽口，联接件还可为其他沿主表面所在平面方向滑动配合以使通用单元无法以垂直于主表面的方向分开的联接件，或者备选地，联接件还可为卡扣，磁体或黏胶等等。
在一些实施例中，框架11还包括图6中所示的左右两侧的伸出部1161,1162，它们用于承载边缘的母线单元。边缘的母线单元形成通用单元的输出端以用于多个通用单元之间的电连接。举例而言，导线可联接在多个通用单元的伸出部之间以使得多个通用单元的电池单体电连接。
在一些实施例中，框架11还包括沿上边缘和下边缘分布的开口111以用于与绝缘支架和/或母线支架联接，如卡扣联接。备选地，可采用其他联接方式来替代卡扣联接。如上文所述，在图示实施例中，底部母线支架1115与框架11集成在一起。如图6(c)中更清楚地看到，存在隔离板1116以限定各个母线单元的安装区域，使得各个母线单元由绝缘的隔离板1116隔开。各个母线单元使相邻的两个电池单体电连接，母线单元可通过任何适合的手段与电池单体电连接，例如通过焊接。此外，底部母线支架的隔离板存在空隙1181，由此共同限定槽道118。槽道118用于采集线通过从而用于采集电池单体的工作状态，如电压或温度等。如图6(d)所示。槽道118通至通用单元11的两侧，由此各个通用单元的采集线线束可从两侧引出。通用单元11的两侧还可设置耳部112以用于通过扎带来将各个通用单元的采集线收集在一起并约束在耳部112附近。此外，在备选实施例中，底部母线支架也可设置成分开的部件并通过例如卡扣联接来与框架联接在一起。在图示的实施例中，顶部母线支架15形成为单独的部件，而框架11的上缘具有由侧壁1171和1172限定的U形槽口以用于容纳顶部母线支架15。
图7(a)和7(b)示出了用于通用单元的单个母线单元的具体实施例。图7示出了母线单元1311，母线单元1311包括两个电池联接部1315,1316和桥接孔1314。电池联接部通过冲压形成，其包括平面部1313和三个保险支脚1312。在备选实施例中，保险脚1312的数量和尺寸可根据设计的过流能力而改变。两个电池联接部1315,1316分别与相邻的两个电池单体接触，以使得它们电连接。桥接孔1314作为采样线束或者温度传感器固定的端子。在备选实施例中，可采用 其他形式的母线单元。如图4所示，成排的母线单元用于使通用单元中的电池单体相互电连接，例如并联或串联，随后布置在通用单元的伸出部上的母线单元进一步用于电输出，并可与其他通用单元电连接。母线单元提供了电池单体之间的过流保险。
图8示出了顶部母线支架15，其与底部母线支架类似，但在本实施例中，其形成为单独的部件。顶部母线支架15包括用于使电池单体露出的孔151，使各个母线单元隔开的绝缘隔离板152，以及用于与框架11联接的卡扣154，155。预安装有母线单元的顶部母线支架在电池单体就位后安装至框架11，并封闭各个电池单体12。
图9示出了绝缘支架14，其可提供在框架的上端或下端以封闭通用单元的导电部分，尤其是母线单元。绝缘支架14同样可通过卡扣141或其他方式联接至框架11。
本发明的电池模块采用通用单元实现可扩展性。除通用单元外无需额外的结构框架，装配方便，组合灵活，适用于不规则外形包络，空间利用率高。按照设计需要将串并联排布的电池单体依次插入通用单元的框架中。框架具有可以容纳电池单体的腔体和可以互相匹联接的联接件。预装了母线单元的母线支架通过卡扣连接至框架，通过激光焊接或者电阻焊的方式实现电池单体与母线单元的电连接。母线单元包括限流保险功能和采样线束端子固定功能，可以减少部件。采样线束沿框架预留的走线通道从框架两侧的出线口引出，然后将上下绝缘盖板扣合，完成基本通用单元的装配。整个装配过程简单，优选地，可做到无螺栓固定。随后通用单元可任意地组装，形成电池模块。电池模块可适应不规则空间，提高了空间利用率。
以上所描述的具体实施例仅为了更清楚地描述本发明的原理，其中清楚地示出或描述了各个部件而使本发明的原理更容易理解。在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，本领域的技术人员可容易地对本发明进行各种修改或变化。故应当理解的是，这些修改或者变化均应包含在本发明的专利保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种用于电池模块的通用单元，其特征在于，所述通用单元包括：
    框架，所述框架具有相对的两个主表面并具有所述相对的两个主表面之间的容纳多个电池单体的电池容腔；
    容纳在所述框架的电池容腔中的多个电池单体；
    使所述多个电池单体电连接的母线；
    其中，所述框架的至少一个主表面上还具有联接件，以与相邻的通用单元上的对应联接件联接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述联接件包括沿所述主表面延伸的突起和/或槽口。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述突起和/或槽口在横截面中呈梯形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述电池容腔包括多个室，使所述多个电池单体彼此间隔开。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述电池容腔穿过所述框架延伸，所述电池容腔的两端处设置有母线支架，所述母线包括多个母线单元，母线单元布置在所述母线支架上并与对应的电池单体电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述通用单元还包括至少部分地覆盖所述母线单元的绝缘支架。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述通用单元的框架还包括伸出部，所述伸出部支撑边缘的母线单元，以用于通用单元的电输出。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述母线支架还具有分隔各个母线单元的隔离板。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述母线支架还具有槽口以布置采样线。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的通用单元，其特征在于，所述母线单元包括电池联接 部和桥接孔，所述桥接孔作为采样线束或者温度传感器固定的端子，所述电池联接部具有多个保险脚以及由所述多个保险脚支撑的平面部。
  11. 一种电池模块，其特征在于，所述电池模块包括多个相互联接的如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的通用单元。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池模块，其特征在于，所述电池模块中的最外侧通用单元的外侧主表面上还设有固定所述电池模块的电池模块安装部。
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